Far-ranging and improper uses of pharmaceuticals and personal care products(PPCPs)over the last few decades have led to severe water contamination that imposes serious effects on human beings and the ecological system...Far-ranging and improper uses of pharmaceuticals and personal care products(PPCPs)over the last few decades have led to severe water contamination that imposes serious effects on human beings and the ecological system.Therefore,there is an increasing demand for a highly-efficient and environmentally friendly technology for the removal of PPCPs from aqueous solutions.Adsorption technology is an appropriate technology to solve this issue.Carbon-based composites,ranging from modified activated carbon to functionalized biochar,show great potential for this purpose.This review hence elaborates on the environmental occurrences and risks of PPCPs and summarizes the recent progress in removing PPCPs from water using carbon-based adsorbents.The pore structure,relatively large specific surface area(SSA),abundant surface functional groups,highly aromatic structures and the extra excellent characteristics of the cooperative materials contribute to their outstanding adsorption performance.Furthermore,the biochar-clay material is cost effective and more efficient compared to traditional activated carbon regarding the adsorption of PPCPs.Among the emerging adsorbents,graphene and carbon nanotubes composites show superior adsorption ability.Their adsorption mechanisms,such as electrostatic interactions,hydrogen bonding,and pore filling,are discussed in details.展开更多
Carbon-based composites, including carbon reinforced composites and carbon-matrix composites, in defence technologies have raised a lot of attention due to its significant physical capabilities, superior thermal and m...Carbon-based composites, including carbon reinforced composites and carbon-matrix composites, in defence technologies have raised a lot of attention due to its significant physical capabilities, superior thermal and mechanical stability, and its eco-friendly nature. Carbon-based composite which incorporating with various carbonaceous materials such as coke, char, black carbon, activated carbon, carbon fibre and other carbon nanomaterials (carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibres, graphene and graphite) are the greatest viable option for the development of advanced defence technologies. In this review article the characteristics of carbon-based materials and its composites are discussed for their distinct application in defence sectors;aeronautics, maritime, automotive, electronics, energy storage, electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding and structures. The origin of carbonaceous materials and its production techniques were discussed. Carbon-based composites have a promising future in defence technology, particularly in chemical sensors, drug delivery agents, radar technologies, and nanocomposites due to their low cost, easy availability, flexibility in design and processing.展开更多
Lithium-sulfur batteries(LSBs),owing to their much higher energy density compared to the traditional lithium-ion battery,are deemed as one of the most promising candidates for the energy storage system.However,several...Lithium-sulfur batteries(LSBs),owing to their much higher energy density compared to the traditional lithium-ion battery,are deemed as one of the most promising candidates for the energy storage system.However,several issues including shuttle effect,lithium dendrites,and volumetric expansion seriously impede the commercial applications of LSBs.One-dimensional carbon materials(1DCMs)have been widely used as the matrix material for LSBs due to their high surface area,superior conductivity,good flexibility,excellent mechanical stability,and functional modifiability.In this review,the recent progress in 1D carbon-based composites as cathode including metal compounds/1DCMs,MOFs/1DCMs,MXenes/1DCMs,and polymers/1DCMs were discussed.Different strategies for polysulfide confinement and analysis of the functions of various components in the composites were summarized detailly.In the end,the current challenges of LSBs were systematically summarized,and the future outlooks were proposed,aiming at providing a comprehensive insight into the design of new host materials for nextgeneration LSBs.展开更多
Electromagnetic(EM)absorption is paving the way to overcome the challenges related to conventional shielding strategy against EM pollution through sustainable energy dissipation.As characteristic functional media that...Electromagnetic(EM)absorption is paving the way to overcome the challenges related to conventional shielding strategy against EM pollution through sustainable energy dissipation.As characteristic functional media that can interact with electric or magnetic field branch,EM wave absorption materials(EWAMs)have received extensive attention and realized considerable development in the past two decades,where carbon-based composites are always considered as promising candidates for high-performance EMAWs due to their synergetic loss mechanism as well as diversified composition and microstructure design.Recent progress indicates that there is more and more interest in the fabrication of carbon-based composites with unique core–shell configuration.On one hand,core–shell configuration usually ensures good chemical homogeneity of final products and provides some positive protections for the components with susceptibility to corrosion,on the other hand,it creates enough heterogeneous interfaces between different EM components,which may bring enhanced polarization effect and intensify the consumption of EM energy.In this review,we firstly introduce EM wave absorption theory,and then highlight the advances of core–shell engineering in carbonbased composites in terms of built-in carbon cores and built-out carbon shells.Moreover,we also show some special core–shell carbon-based composites,including carbon/carbon composites,assembled composites,and decorated composites.After analyzing EM absorption performance of some representative composites,we further propose some challenges and perspectives on the development of core–shell carbon-based composites.展开更多
Metal-organic framework materials(MOFs)have been widely stu-died because of their adjustable composition and controllable structure in the field of microwave absorption(MA).Therein,Prussian blue analogs(PBA)have attra...Metal-organic framework materials(MOFs)have been widely stu-died because of their adjustable composition and controllable structure in the field of microwave absorption(MA).Therein,Prussian blue analogs(PBA)have attracted the attention of researchers with ultra-high metal content.However,the attenua-tion ability of microwave for PBA-based composites is still unsatis-factory up to now.Therefore,the NiFe/CoFe@C composites were prepared by carbonizing polymetallic PBA(NiCoFe PBA)materials in this work,and the influence of different metal alloy components on MA was explored by adjusting the ratio of metal ions(Ni^(2+)/Co^(2+)).Moreover,the NiFe/CoFe@C composites have rich interfaces and enhance the polarization loss due to the introduction of Ni and it has an optimal performance at 2.7 mm that is the reflection loss(RL)is−41.49 dB and an effective absorption bandwidth(EAB)is 7.12 GHz with 1/1(Ni^(2+)/Co^(2+)).The above data provides a research idea for obtaining light and efficient absorbers.展开更多
Latent heat thermal energy storage(TES)effectively reduces the mismatch between energy supply and demand of renewable energy sources by the utilization of phase change materials(PCMs).However,the low thermal conductiv...Latent heat thermal energy storage(TES)effectively reduces the mismatch between energy supply and demand of renewable energy sources by the utilization of phase change materials(PCMs).However,the low thermal conductivity and poor shape stability are the main drawbacks in realizing the large-scale application of PCMs.Promisingly,developing composite PCM(CPCM)based on porous supporting mate-rial provides a desirable solution to obtain performance-enhanced PCMs with improved effective thermal conductivity and shape stability.Among all the porous matrixes as supports for PCM,three-dimensional carbon-based porous supporting material has attracted considerable attention ascribing to its high ther-mal conductivity,desirable loading capacity of PCMs,and excellent chemical compatibility with various PCMs.Therefore,this work systemically reviews the CPCMs with three-dimensional carbon-based porous supporting materials.First,a concise rule for the fabrication of CPCMs is illustrated in detail.Next,the experimental and computational research of carbon nanotube-based support,graphene-based support,graphite-based support and amorphous carbon-based support are reviewed.Then,the applications of the shape-stabilized CPCMs including thermal management and thermal conversion are illustrated.Last but not least,the challenges and prospects of the CPCMs are discussed.To conclude,introducing carbon-based porous materials can solve the liquid leakage issue and essentially improve the thermal conductivity of PCMs.However,there is still a long way to further develop a desirable CPCM with higher latent heat capacity,higher thermal conductivity,and more excellent shape stability.展开更多
Among various architectures of polymers,end-group-free rings have attracted growing interests due to their distinct physicochemical performances over the linear counterparts which are exemplified by reduced hydrodynam...Among various architectures of polymers,end-group-free rings have attracted growing interests due to their distinct physicochemical performances over the linear counterparts which are exemplified by reduced hydrodynamic size and slower degradation.It is key to develop facile methods to large-scale synthesis of polymer rings with tunable compositions and microstructures.Recent progresses in large-scale synthesis of polymer rings against single-chain dynamic nanoparticles,and the example applications in synchronous enhancing toughness and strength of polymer nanocomposites are summarized.Once there is the breakthrough in rational design and effective large-scale synthesis of polymer rings and their functional derivatives,a family of cyclic functional hybrids would be available,thus providing a new paradigm in developing polymer science and engineering.展开更多
Ultrasonic-Assisted Grinding(UAG)is a novel manufacturing technology that shows promising promise for use in processing Ceramic Matrix Composites(CMCs).Nevertheless,analyzing the material removal process of CMCs with ...Ultrasonic-Assisted Grinding(UAG)is a novel manufacturing technology that shows promising promise for use in processing Ceramic Matrix Composites(CMCs).Nevertheless,analyzing the material removal process of CMCs with multidirectional structure during UAG is challenging,impeding the progress and improvement of the UAG process.This work examined the impact of ultrasonic vibration on the dynamic mechanical characteristics during processing.Additionally,we experimentally elucidated the material removal mechanism of CMCs during the scratching process under the influence of vertical vibration.The results indicate that the introduction of ultrasonic vibration causes a strain rate effect,resulting in a modification of the material removal mechanism,subsequently impacting the processing quality.Ultrasonic vibration increases the dynamic strength and brittleness of the fibers in CMCs,leading to more cracks at fracture,which changes from the original bending fracture to shear fracture.In addition,ultrasonic vibration can effectively inhibit the impact of scratching depth and anisotropy on the removal mechanism of CMCs,resulting in a more uniform surface of CMCs after processing.展开更多
KIT-5/Beta composite supports were synthesized using an in situ self-assembly hydrothermal method,and NiW/KIT-5/Beta catalysts were prepared by impregnation.A series of characterization techniques were utilized to eva...KIT-5/Beta composite supports were synthesized using an in situ self-assembly hydrothermal method,and NiW/KIT-5/Beta catalysts were prepared by impregnation.A series of characterization techniques were utilized to evaluate the influence of varying hydrothermal synthesis temperatures on the physicochemical properties of both the KIT-5/Beta supports and the resulting catalysts.The catalytic performances of catalysts were evaluated under reaction conditions of 320℃,4 MPa H_(2)pressure,and a weight hourly space velocity(WHSV)of 4.8 h^(-1)for hydrodenitrogenation(HDN)of quinoline.The results indicated that the specific surface area and pore structure of the materials could be effectively regulated by adjusting the hydrothermal synthesis temperature,which in turn influenced the number of active sites on the catalyst.The NiW/KB-125 catalyst,synthesized at 125℃,presented the highest quinoline HDN efficiency(96.8%),which can be attributed to its favorable pore channel structure,greater Brønsted acid number,higher degree of metal sulfidation(80.12%)and appropriate metal-support interaction(MSI).展开更多
Carbon fiber-reinforced carbon aerogel(C/CA)composites are one of the most promising candidates for applications requiring both thermal insulation and load bearing capabilities.The preparation of anti-oxidation coatin...Carbon fiber-reinforced carbon aerogel(C/CA)composites are one of the most promising candidates for applications requiring both thermal insulation and load bearing capabilities.The preparation of anti-oxidation coatings on C/CA to address its susceptibility to oxidation is a feasible approach to promote its application in oxidative environments.However,the currently reported coatings on C/CA mainly focus on improving the ablation performance and coating preparation process typically necessitating high-temperature heat treatment.This procedure can increase its thermal conductivity and reduce its thermal insulation ability.In this study,a series of ceramic-resin coatings were fabricated on C/CA through a simple slurry brushing-drying approach at room temperature.The effects of phenolic resin content on the coating structure,residual stress,thermal shock,and oxidation behaviors were investigated.Due to the adhesive properties and curing-induced shrinkage,the PR-7.5 coating(containing 7.5%(in mass)phenolic resin in the slurry)exhibits bonding strength close to fracture strength of the substrate and residual compressive stress of 0.853 GPa,which is beneficial for resisting thermal shock cracking.However,excessive resin content(PR-10.0 containing 10.0%(in mass)phenolic resin in the slurry)induces tensile stress due to uneven curing shrinkage,thereby leading to thermal shock cracking.Meanwhile,oxidation tests reveal significantly reduced weight losses for PR-7.5(17.46%at 800℃/100 min,8.15%at 1000℃/120 min,3.15%at 1200℃/120 min)versus uncoated C/CA’s 44.60%loss at 800℃/20 min.This work provides a brand-new and simple approach to improving the anti-oxidation performance of C/CA and expands its application in mild oxidative environments.展开更多
The poor electrical conductivity of metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)limits their electrocatalytic performance in the oxygen evolution reaction(OER).In this study,a Py@Co-MOF composite material based on pyrene(Py)molecul...The poor electrical conductivity of metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)limits their electrocatalytic performance in the oxygen evolution reaction(OER).In this study,a Py@Co-MOF composite material based on pyrene(Py)molecules and{[Co2(BINDI)(DMA)_(2)]·DMA}_(n)(Co-MOF,H4BINDI=N,N'-bis(5-isophthalic acid)naphthalenediimide,DMA=N,N-dimethylacetamide)was synthesized via a one-pot method,leveragingπ-πinteractions between pyrene and Co-MOF to modulate electrical conductivity.Results demonstrate that the Py@Co-MOF catalyst exhibited significantly enhanced OER performance compared to pure Co-MOF or pyrene-based electrodes,achieving an overpotential of 246 mV at a current density of 10 mA·cm^(-2) along with excellent stability.Density functional theory(DFT)calculations reveal that the formation of O*in the second step is the rate-determining step(RDS)during the OER process on Co-MOF,with an energy barrier of 0.85 eV due to the weak adsorption affinity of the OH*intermediate for Co sites.CCDC:2419276.展开更多
Sodium ion batteries(SIBs)are one of the most prospective energy storage devices recently.Carbon materials have been commonly used as anode materials for SIBs because of their wide sources and low price.However,pure c...Sodium ion batteries(SIBs)are one of the most prospective energy storage devices recently.Carbon materials have been commonly used as anode materials for SIBs because of their wide sources and low price.However,pure carbon materials still have the disadvantage of low theoretical capacity.New design and preparation strategies for carbon-based composites can overcome the problems.Based on the analysis of Na^(+)storage mechanism of carbon-based composite materials,the factors influencing the performance of SIBs are discussed.Adjustment methods for improving the electrochemical performance of electrodes are evaluated in detail,including carbon skeleton design and composite material selection.Some advanced composite materials,i.e.,carbon-conversion composite and carbon-MXene composite,are also being explored.New advances in flexible electrodes based on carbon-based composite on flexible SIBs is investigated.The existing issues and future issues of carbon-based composite materials are discussed.展开更多
Biochar and biochar composites are versatile materials that can be used in many applications.In this study,biochar was prepared from sawdust and combined with the yttrium iron garnet(YIG)nanocrystal to investigate the...Biochar and biochar composites are versatile materials that can be used in many applications.In this study,biochar was prepared from sawdust and combined with the yttrium iron garnet(YIG)nanocrystal to investigate the shielding effectiveness of the composite structure.Firstly,the effect of the pyrolysis temperature on the shielding effectiveness of biochar was investigated.Secondly,biochars combined with YIG nanocrystals with different contents and shielding effectiveness of the composites were investigated.The electromagnetic effectiveness of the samples was investigated within the X band(8-12 GHz).The findings indicate that biochar demonstrates enhanced absorption properties with elevated pyrolysis temperatures.Biochars demonstrated an approximate 40 d B shielding effectiveness,while YIG exhibited approximately 7 d B,corresponding to absorption at 8 GHz.However,the combination of biochar and YIG exhibited exceptional absorption,reaching 67.12 d B at 8 GHz.展开更多
To exploit the combined strengthening effects of nanotwins and carbon nanotubes(CNTs)in Cu matrix composites,the nanotwins with a width ranging from 3 to 30 nm were incorporated into the CNTs-reinforced Cu matrix comp...To exploit the combined strengthening effects of nanotwins and carbon nanotubes(CNTs)in Cu matrix composites,the nanotwins with a width ranging from 3 to 30 nm were incorporated into the CNTs-reinforced Cu matrix composites using cryogenic rolling and optimizing the initial particle size of the raw Cu powders.The formation of nanotwins in the Cu matrix composite reinforced by only 0.2 wt.%CNTs is accompanied by the increased dislocation density and refined Cu grain size,resulting in much better strength−ductility synergy than the referenced composite without significant nanotwins formation.The analysis of strengthening and toughening mechanisms demonstrates that the strength increment mainly derives from grain refinement strengthening,dislocation strengthening,and nanotwin strengthening.The strength increment from the contribution of the nanotwins accounts for 19.9%of the overall strength increment for the composite.Meanwhile,the retention of good tensile ductility can be reasonably explained by the increased dislocation accommodation ability due to the formed nanotwins and the decreased induced dislocation proliferation.展开更多
There is an urgent need to develop magnesium-matrix materials that exhibit both high thermal conductivity and low thermal expansion to ensure compatibility with chips.This study aims to develop a Mg-Zn-Cu alloy with h...There is an urgent need to develop magnesium-matrix materials that exhibit both high thermal conductivity and low thermal expansion to ensure compatibility with chips.This study aims to develop a Mg-Zn-Cu alloy with high thermal conductivity.Furthermore,it explores the preparation of AlN_(P)/Mg-Zn-Cu composites featuring low coefficients of thermal expansion.The stir casting method was utilized to fabricate the composites and an investigation was conducted to examine their microstructure and thermal properties.Results indicate that the addition of AlN_(P)reduces the thermal expansion coefficient while maintaining relatively high thermal conductivity.Specifically,the AlN_(P)/Mg-0.5Zn-0.5Cu composite with 30wt.%AlN_(P)achieves a thermal conductivity of 132.7 W·m^(-1)·K^(-1)and a thermal expansion coefficient of 18.5×10^(-6)K^(-1),rendering it suitable for electronic packaging applications where thermal management is critical.展开更多
The curing behavior of composites significantly influences their performance,making it crucial to understand the curing process.This study experimentally measured specific heat capacity,thermal conductivity,glass tran...The curing behavior of composites significantly influences their performance,making it crucial to understand the curing process.This study experimentally measured specific heat capacity,thermal conductivity,glass transition temperature,coefficient of thermal expansion,and cure shrinkage of materials.A simulation model of its curing deformation was established and validated against strain data obtained from fiber Bragg grating experiments.The effects of thickness,heating rate,and cooling rate on the curing temperature field and residual stress field during the molding of thick-section composite plates were analyzed.展开更多
The complex interactions and conflicting performance demands in multi-component composites pose significant challenges for achieving balanced multi-property optimization through conventional trial-and-error approaches...The complex interactions and conflicting performance demands in multi-component composites pose significant challenges for achieving balanced multi-property optimization through conventional trial-and-error approaches.Machine learning(ML)offers a promising solution,markedly improving materials discovery efficiency.However,the high dimensionality of feature spaces in such systems has long impeded effective ML-driven feature representation and inverse design.To overcome this,we present an Intelligent Screening System(ISS)framework to accelerate the discovery of optimal formulations balancing four key properties in 15-component PTFE-based copper-clad laminate composites(PTFE-CCLCs).ISS adopts modular descriptors based on the physical information of component volume fractions,thereby simplifying the feature representation.By leveraging the inverse prediction capability of ML models and constructing a performance-driven virtual candidate database,ISS significantly reduced the computational complexity associated with high-dimensional spaces.Experimental validation confirmed that ISSoptimized formulations exhibited superior synergy,notably resolving the trade-off between thermal conductivity and peel strength,and outperform many commercial counterparts.Despite limited data and inherent process variability,ISS achieved an average prediction accuracy of 76.5%,with thermal conductivity predictions exceeding 90%,demonstrating robust reliability.This work provides an innovative,efficient strategy for multifunctional optimization and accelerated discovery in ultra-complex composite systems,highlighting the integration of ML and advanced materials design.展开更多
The escalating pace of industrialization has significantly intensified water pollution challenges,for instance,the persistent organic pollutants like methyl orange(MO).Conventional remediation techniques,such as adsor...The escalating pace of industrialization has significantly intensified water pollution challenges,for instance,the persistent organic pollutants like methyl orange(MO).Conventional remediation techniques,such as adsorption and biological degradation,are often hampered by low efficiency and the risk of secondary pollution.Photocatalysis emerges as a promising sustainable alternative;however,the benchmark material titanium dioxide(TiO_(2))suffers from its intrinsic limitations,notably its wide bandgap energy(≥3.4 eV)restricting its activity to the region of the ultraviolet light and its rapid recombination of photogenerated charge carriers.To overcome these constraints,this research focused on synthesizing novel TiO_(2)/Sn_(3)O_(4) heterojunction composite photocatalysts via a solvothermal approach.Comprehensive characterization techniques confirmed the successful formation of the composite,which revealed that ultrathin Sn3O4 nanosheets uniformly coated TiO_(2) nanospheres.This unique architecture effectively reduced the overall crystallinity and introduced the beneficial oxygen vacancies.Under visible-light irradiation(λ≥420 nm),the optimized TiO_(2)/Sn3O4 composite exhibited the exceptional photocatalytic performance,which achieved 96%degradation of MO within just 60 minutes.The calculated apparent kinetic rate constant(0.103 min^(-1))was remarkably(5.15 times)higher than that of pristine TiO_(2).ESR experiments identified that hydroxyl radicals(·OH)was the predominant active species driving the degradation.Furthermore,cyclic degradation tests demonstrated its excellent material stability,with the composite retaining 85%of its initial efficiency after four consecutive reuse cycles.This work underscored the synergistic effects within the TiO_(2)/Sn_(3)O_(4) heterojunction,which significantly enhanced the visible-light absorption,charge separation,and photocatalytic activity,which provided the valuable insights for designing efficient,stable catalysts for the advanced environmental remediation applications.展开更多
This study investigates the anisotropic thermal conductivity of aluminum matrix composites reinforced with graphene nano-plates(GNPs)and in situ ZrB_(2) nanoparticles,while simultaneously maintaining high strength and...This study investigates the anisotropic thermal conductivity of aluminum matrix composites reinforced with graphene nano-plates(GNPs)and in situ ZrB_(2) nanoparticles,while simultaneously maintaining high strength and toughness.A discontinuous layered GNPs-ZrB_(2)/AA6111 composite was prepared using in situ melt reactions and semi-solid stirring casting technology,combined with hot rolling deformation processing.Microstructural analysis revealed that the GNPs were aligned parallel to the rolling direction-transverse direction(RD-TD)plane,whereas the ZrB_(2) nanoparticles aggregated into cluster strips,collectively forming a discontinuous layered structure.This multilayer arrangement maximized the in-plane thermal conductivity of the GNPs.The tightly bonded GNP/Al interfaces with the locking of CuAl_(2) nanoparticles ensured that the GNPs fully exploited their high thermal conductivity.Therefore,the GNPs-ZrB_(2)/AA6111 composite achieved high in-plane thermal conductivity(230 W/(m·K)),which is higher than that of the matrix(206 W/(m·K)).The improved in-plane thermal conductivity is primarily attributed to the exceptionally high intrinsic in-plane thermal conductivity of the GNPs and their two-dimensional layered structure.However,the composite exhibited pronounced thermal conductivity anisotropy in the in-plane and through-plane directions.The reduced through-plane thermal conductivity is predominantly caused by the intrinsically low through-plane thermal conductivity of the GNPs and the increased interfacial thermal resistance from the additional grain boundaries.展开更多
SiCp-reinforced 6092Al composites with volume fractions of 25%and 60%were prepared using a powder metallurgy method.Their friction and wear characteristics were analyzed using a reciprocating friction and wear testing...SiCp-reinforced 6092Al composites with volume fractions of 25%and 60%were prepared using a powder metallurgy method.Their friction and wear characteristics were analyzed using a reciprocating friction and wear testing machine under loads of 20 to 50 N against YG6 cemented carbide.The experimental results show that the friction coefficients of all samples increase with increasing load.The 25vol%composite exhibits the lowest friction coefficient(0.1669-0.2716),while the 60vol%composite exhibits the highest(0.3237-0.3990),with the 6092 aluminum alloy falling between the two.The wear volume and specific wear rate also increase with load,but the composites with a higher Si C content demonstrate smaller increments,with the 60vol%composite exhibiting superior wear resistance.Under a 30 N load,the wear scars of the 60vol%composite show a significant increase in the contents of elements such as C,Co,W,and O,indicating more severe wear of the counterpart material.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM)reveals wear mechanisms including adhesive wear,two-body sliding and three-body rolling wear of particles,and delamination.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51778230)Program of Shanghai Outstanding Technology Leaders(No.20XD1433900)。
文摘Far-ranging and improper uses of pharmaceuticals and personal care products(PPCPs)over the last few decades have led to severe water contamination that imposes serious effects on human beings and the ecological system.Therefore,there is an increasing demand for a highly-efficient and environmentally friendly technology for the removal of PPCPs from aqueous solutions.Adsorption technology is an appropriate technology to solve this issue.Carbon-based composites,ranging from modified activated carbon to functionalized biochar,show great potential for this purpose.This review hence elaborates on the environmental occurrences and risks of PPCPs and summarizes the recent progress in removing PPCPs from water using carbon-based adsorbents.The pore structure,relatively large specific surface area(SSA),abundant surface functional groups,highly aromatic structures and the extra excellent characteristics of the cooperative materials contribute to their outstanding adsorption performance.Furthermore,the biochar-clay material is cost effective and more efficient compared to traditional activated carbon regarding the adsorption of PPCPs.Among the emerging adsorbents,graphene and carbon nanotubes composites show superior adsorption ability.Their adsorption mechanisms,such as electrostatic interactions,hydrogen bonding,and pore filling,are discussed in details.
文摘Carbon-based composites, including carbon reinforced composites and carbon-matrix composites, in defence technologies have raised a lot of attention due to its significant physical capabilities, superior thermal and mechanical stability, and its eco-friendly nature. Carbon-based composite which incorporating with various carbonaceous materials such as coke, char, black carbon, activated carbon, carbon fibre and other carbon nanomaterials (carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibres, graphene and graphite) are the greatest viable option for the development of advanced defence technologies. In this review article the characteristics of carbon-based materials and its composites are discussed for their distinct application in defence sectors;aeronautics, maritime, automotive, electronics, energy storage, electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding and structures. The origin of carbonaceous materials and its production techniques were discussed. Carbon-based composites have a promising future in defence technology, particularly in chemical sensors, drug delivery agents, radar technologies, and nanocomposites due to their low cost, easy availability, flexibility in design and processing.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51872210,52072274,and 52104309)the Key Program of Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province,China(No.2017CFA004)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(No.2021CFB011)the Scientific Research Project of Education Department of Hubei Province(No.D20201103)。
文摘Lithium-sulfur batteries(LSBs),owing to their much higher energy density compared to the traditional lithium-ion battery,are deemed as one of the most promising candidates for the energy storage system.However,several issues including shuttle effect,lithium dendrites,and volumetric expansion seriously impede the commercial applications of LSBs.One-dimensional carbon materials(1DCMs)have been widely used as the matrix material for LSBs due to their high surface area,superior conductivity,good flexibility,excellent mechanical stability,and functional modifiability.In this review,the recent progress in 1D carbon-based composites as cathode including metal compounds/1DCMs,MOFs/1DCMs,MXenes/1DCMs,and polymers/1DCMs were discussed.Different strategies for polysulfide confinement and analysis of the functions of various components in the composites were summarized detailly.In the end,the current challenges of LSBs were systematically summarized,and the future outlooks were proposed,aiming at providing a comprehensive insight into the design of new host materials for nextgeneration LSBs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21676065).
文摘Electromagnetic(EM)absorption is paving the way to overcome the challenges related to conventional shielding strategy against EM pollution through sustainable energy dissipation.As characteristic functional media that can interact with electric or magnetic field branch,EM wave absorption materials(EWAMs)have received extensive attention and realized considerable development in the past two decades,where carbon-based composites are always considered as promising candidates for high-performance EMAWs due to their synergetic loss mechanism as well as diversified composition and microstructure design.Recent progress indicates that there is more and more interest in the fabrication of carbon-based composites with unique core–shell configuration.On one hand,core–shell configuration usually ensures good chemical homogeneity of final products and provides some positive protections for the components with susceptibility to corrosion,on the other hand,it creates enough heterogeneous interfaces between different EM components,which may bring enhanced polarization effect and intensify the consumption of EM energy.In this review,we firstly introduce EM wave absorption theory,and then highlight the advances of core–shell engineering in carbonbased composites in terms of built-in carbon cores and built-out carbon shells.Moreover,we also show some special core–shell carbon-based composites,including carbon/carbon composites,assembled composites,and decorated composites.After analyzing EM absorption performance of some representative composites,we further propose some challenges and perspectives on the development of core–shell carbon-based composites.
基金This work was supported by the National Defense Technology Innovation Special Zone Spark Project[2016300TS00911901].
文摘Metal-organic framework materials(MOFs)have been widely stu-died because of their adjustable composition and controllable structure in the field of microwave absorption(MA).Therein,Prussian blue analogs(PBA)have attracted the attention of researchers with ultra-high metal content.However,the attenua-tion ability of microwave for PBA-based composites is still unsatis-factory up to now.Therefore,the NiFe/CoFe@C composites were prepared by carbonizing polymetallic PBA(NiCoFe PBA)materials in this work,and the influence of different metal alloy components on MA was explored by adjusting the ratio of metal ions(Ni^(2+)/Co^(2+)).Moreover,the NiFe/CoFe@C composites have rich interfaces and enhance the polarization loss due to the introduction of Ni and it has an optimal performance at 2.7 mm that is the reflection loss(RL)is−41.49 dB and an effective absorption bandwidth(EAB)is 7.12 GHz with 1/1(Ni^(2+)/Co^(2+)).The above data provides a research idea for obtaining light and efficient absorbers.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52127816),the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2020YFA0715000)the National Natural Science and Hong Kong Research Grant Council Joint Research Funding Project of China(No.5181101182)the NSFC/RGC Joint Research Scheme sponsored by the Research Grants Council of Hong Kong and the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.N_PolyU513/18).
文摘Latent heat thermal energy storage(TES)effectively reduces the mismatch between energy supply and demand of renewable energy sources by the utilization of phase change materials(PCMs).However,the low thermal conductivity and poor shape stability are the main drawbacks in realizing the large-scale application of PCMs.Promisingly,developing composite PCM(CPCM)based on porous supporting mate-rial provides a desirable solution to obtain performance-enhanced PCMs with improved effective thermal conductivity and shape stability.Among all the porous matrixes as supports for PCM,three-dimensional carbon-based porous supporting material has attracted considerable attention ascribing to its high ther-mal conductivity,desirable loading capacity of PCMs,and excellent chemical compatibility with various PCMs.Therefore,this work systemically reviews the CPCMs with three-dimensional carbon-based porous supporting materials.First,a concise rule for the fabrication of CPCMs is illustrated in detail.Next,the experimental and computational research of carbon nanotube-based support,graphene-based support,graphite-based support and amorphous carbon-based support are reviewed.Then,the applications of the shape-stabilized CPCMs including thermal management and thermal conversion are illustrated.Last but not least,the challenges and prospects of the CPCMs are discussed.To conclude,introducing carbon-based porous materials can solve the liquid leakage issue and essentially improve the thermal conductivity of PCMs.However,there is still a long way to further develop a desirable CPCM with higher latent heat capacity,higher thermal conductivity,and more excellent shape stability.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52293472,22473096 and 22471164)。
文摘Among various architectures of polymers,end-group-free rings have attracted growing interests due to their distinct physicochemical performances over the linear counterparts which are exemplified by reduced hydrodynamic size and slower degradation.It is key to develop facile methods to large-scale synthesis of polymer rings with tunable compositions and microstructures.Recent progresses in large-scale synthesis of polymer rings against single-chain dynamic nanoparticles,and the example applications in synchronous enhancing toughness and strength of polymer nanocomposites are summarized.Once there is the breakthrough in rational design and effective large-scale synthesis of polymer rings and their functional derivatives,a family of cyclic functional hybrids would be available,thus providing a new paradigm in developing polymer science and engineering.
基金supported by the National Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars of China(No.52325506)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.DUT22LAB501)。
文摘Ultrasonic-Assisted Grinding(UAG)is a novel manufacturing technology that shows promising promise for use in processing Ceramic Matrix Composites(CMCs).Nevertheless,analyzing the material removal process of CMCs with multidirectional structure during UAG is challenging,impeding the progress and improvement of the UAG process.This work examined the impact of ultrasonic vibration on the dynamic mechanical characteristics during processing.Additionally,we experimentally elucidated the material removal mechanism of CMCs during the scratching process under the influence of vertical vibration.The results indicate that the introduction of ultrasonic vibration causes a strain rate effect,resulting in a modification of the material removal mechanism,subsequently impacting the processing quality.Ultrasonic vibration increases the dynamic strength and brittleness of the fibers in CMCs,leading to more cracks at fracture,which changes from the original bending fracture to shear fracture.In addition,ultrasonic vibration can effectively inhibit the impact of scratching depth and anisotropy on the removal mechanism of CMCs,resulting in a more uniform surface of CMCs after processing.
基金Supported by the Autonomous Research Project of SKLCC(2024BWZ003)Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA0390401)the Doctoral Research Start-up Funding of Shanxi Institute of Technology(026012).
文摘KIT-5/Beta composite supports were synthesized using an in situ self-assembly hydrothermal method,and NiW/KIT-5/Beta catalysts were prepared by impregnation.A series of characterization techniques were utilized to evaluate the influence of varying hydrothermal synthesis temperatures on the physicochemical properties of both the KIT-5/Beta supports and the resulting catalysts.The catalytic performances of catalysts were evaluated under reaction conditions of 320℃,4 MPa H_(2)pressure,and a weight hourly space velocity(WHSV)of 4.8 h^(-1)for hydrodenitrogenation(HDN)of quinoline.The results indicated that the specific surface area and pore structure of the materials could be effectively regulated by adjusting the hydrothermal synthesis temperature,which in turn influenced the number of active sites on the catalyst.The NiW/KB-125 catalyst,synthesized at 125℃,presented the highest quinoline HDN efficiency(96.8%),which can be attributed to its favorable pore channel structure,greater Brønsted acid number,higher degree of metal sulfidation(80.12%)and appropriate metal-support interaction(MSI).
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(52272075,52472053)Research Fund of Youth Innovation Promotion Association of CAS,China(2021190)Defense Industrial Technology Development Program(JCKY2021130B007)。
文摘Carbon fiber-reinforced carbon aerogel(C/CA)composites are one of the most promising candidates for applications requiring both thermal insulation and load bearing capabilities.The preparation of anti-oxidation coatings on C/CA to address its susceptibility to oxidation is a feasible approach to promote its application in oxidative environments.However,the currently reported coatings on C/CA mainly focus on improving the ablation performance and coating preparation process typically necessitating high-temperature heat treatment.This procedure can increase its thermal conductivity and reduce its thermal insulation ability.In this study,a series of ceramic-resin coatings were fabricated on C/CA through a simple slurry brushing-drying approach at room temperature.The effects of phenolic resin content on the coating structure,residual stress,thermal shock,and oxidation behaviors were investigated.Due to the adhesive properties and curing-induced shrinkage,the PR-7.5 coating(containing 7.5%(in mass)phenolic resin in the slurry)exhibits bonding strength close to fracture strength of the substrate and residual compressive stress of 0.853 GPa,which is beneficial for resisting thermal shock cracking.However,excessive resin content(PR-10.0 containing 10.0%(in mass)phenolic resin in the slurry)induces tensile stress due to uneven curing shrinkage,thereby leading to thermal shock cracking.Meanwhile,oxidation tests reveal significantly reduced weight losses for PR-7.5(17.46%at 800℃/100 min,8.15%at 1000℃/120 min,3.15%at 1200℃/120 min)versus uncoated C/CA’s 44.60%loss at 800℃/20 min.This work provides a brand-new and simple approach to improving the anti-oxidation performance of C/CA and expands its application in mild oxidative environments.
文摘The poor electrical conductivity of metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)limits their electrocatalytic performance in the oxygen evolution reaction(OER).In this study,a Py@Co-MOF composite material based on pyrene(Py)molecules and{[Co2(BINDI)(DMA)_(2)]·DMA}_(n)(Co-MOF,H4BINDI=N,N'-bis(5-isophthalic acid)naphthalenediimide,DMA=N,N-dimethylacetamide)was synthesized via a one-pot method,leveragingπ-πinteractions between pyrene and Co-MOF to modulate electrical conductivity.Results demonstrate that the Py@Co-MOF catalyst exhibited significantly enhanced OER performance compared to pure Co-MOF or pyrene-based electrodes,achieving an overpotential of 246 mV at a current density of 10 mA·cm^(-2) along with excellent stability.Density functional theory(DFT)calculations reveal that the formation of O*in the second step is the rate-determining step(RDS)during the OER process on Co-MOF,with an energy barrier of 0.85 eV due to the weak adsorption affinity of the OH*intermediate for Co sites.CCDC:2419276.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52376216,52006194,52006191)the Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi(2023-YBGY-054).
文摘Sodium ion batteries(SIBs)are one of the most prospective energy storage devices recently.Carbon materials have been commonly used as anode materials for SIBs because of their wide sources and low price.However,pure carbon materials still have the disadvantage of low theoretical capacity.New design and preparation strategies for carbon-based composites can overcome the problems.Based on the analysis of Na^(+)storage mechanism of carbon-based composite materials,the factors influencing the performance of SIBs are discussed.Adjustment methods for improving the electrochemical performance of electrodes are evaluated in detail,including carbon skeleton design and composite material selection.Some advanced composite materials,i.e.,carbon-conversion composite and carbon-MXene composite,are also being explored.New advances in flexible electrodes based on carbon-based composite on flexible SIBs is investigated.The existing issues and future issues of carbon-based composite materials are discussed.
基金support provided by the Center for Fabrication and Application of Electronic Materials at Dokuz Eylül University,Türkiye。
文摘Biochar and biochar composites are versatile materials that can be used in many applications.In this study,biochar was prepared from sawdust and combined with the yttrium iron garnet(YIG)nanocrystal to investigate the shielding effectiveness of the composite structure.Firstly,the effect of the pyrolysis temperature on the shielding effectiveness of biochar was investigated.Secondly,biochars combined with YIG nanocrystals with different contents and shielding effectiveness of the composites were investigated.The electromagnetic effectiveness of the samples was investigated within the X band(8-12 GHz).The findings indicate that biochar demonstrates enhanced absorption properties with elevated pyrolysis temperatures.Biochars demonstrated an approximate 40 d B shielding effectiveness,while YIG exhibited approximately 7 d B,corresponding to absorption at 8 GHz.However,the combination of biochar and YIG exhibited exceptional absorption,reaching 67.12 d B at 8 GHz.
基金financially supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(No.21624408)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation,China(Nos.2023A1515012850,2024A1515010416)+2 种基金Guangzhou Science and Technology Planning Project,China(No.2024A04J9966)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52271132,52004101)the Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Yunnan Province,China(No.2024KF02)。
文摘To exploit the combined strengthening effects of nanotwins and carbon nanotubes(CNTs)in Cu matrix composites,the nanotwins with a width ranging from 3 to 30 nm were incorporated into the CNTs-reinforced Cu matrix composites using cryogenic rolling and optimizing the initial particle size of the raw Cu powders.The formation of nanotwins in the Cu matrix composite reinforced by only 0.2 wt.%CNTs is accompanied by the increased dislocation density and refined Cu grain size,resulting in much better strength−ductility synergy than the referenced composite without significant nanotwins formation.The analysis of strengthening and toughening mechanisms demonstrates that the strength increment mainly derives from grain refinement strengthening,dislocation strengthening,and nanotwin strengthening.The strength increment from the contribution of the nanotwins accounts for 19.9%of the overall strength increment for the composite.Meanwhile,the retention of good tensile ductility can be reasonably explained by the increased dislocation accommodation ability due to the formed nanotwins and the decreased induced dislocation proliferation.
基金financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52175321)the Fund of Key Laboratory of High Temperature Electromagnetic Materials and Structure of MOE(No.KB202505)。
文摘There is an urgent need to develop magnesium-matrix materials that exhibit both high thermal conductivity and low thermal expansion to ensure compatibility with chips.This study aims to develop a Mg-Zn-Cu alloy with high thermal conductivity.Furthermore,it explores the preparation of AlN_(P)/Mg-Zn-Cu composites featuring low coefficients of thermal expansion.The stir casting method was utilized to fabricate the composites and an investigation was conducted to examine their microstructure and thermal properties.Results indicate that the addition of AlN_(P)reduces the thermal expansion coefficient while maintaining relatively high thermal conductivity.Specifically,the AlN_(P)/Mg-0.5Zn-0.5Cu composite with 30wt.%AlN_(P)achieves a thermal conductivity of 132.7 W·m^(-1)·K^(-1)and a thermal expansion coefficient of 18.5×10^(-6)K^(-1),rendering it suitable for electronic packaging applications where thermal management is critical.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12172045,U2241240,and 12221002)the National Program on Key Basic Research Project,China(Grant No.2019-JCJQ-ZD-308-00).
文摘The curing behavior of composites significantly influences their performance,making it crucial to understand the curing process.This study experimentally measured specific heat capacity,thermal conductivity,glass transition temperature,coefficient of thermal expansion,and cure shrinkage of materials.A simulation model of its curing deformation was established and validated against strain data obtained from fiber Bragg grating experiments.The effects of thickness,heating rate,and cooling rate on the curing temperature field and residual stress field during the molding of thick-section composite plates were analyzed.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Project of China(No.2022YFB3806900)。
文摘The complex interactions and conflicting performance demands in multi-component composites pose significant challenges for achieving balanced multi-property optimization through conventional trial-and-error approaches.Machine learning(ML)offers a promising solution,markedly improving materials discovery efficiency.However,the high dimensionality of feature spaces in such systems has long impeded effective ML-driven feature representation and inverse design.To overcome this,we present an Intelligent Screening System(ISS)framework to accelerate the discovery of optimal formulations balancing four key properties in 15-component PTFE-based copper-clad laminate composites(PTFE-CCLCs).ISS adopts modular descriptors based on the physical information of component volume fractions,thereby simplifying the feature representation.By leveraging the inverse prediction capability of ML models and constructing a performance-driven virtual candidate database,ISS significantly reduced the computational complexity associated with high-dimensional spaces.Experimental validation confirmed that ISSoptimized formulations exhibited superior synergy,notably resolving the trade-off between thermal conductivity and peel strength,and outperform many commercial counterparts.Despite limited data and inherent process variability,ISS achieved an average prediction accuracy of 76.5%,with thermal conductivity predictions exceeding 90%,demonstrating robust reliability.This work provides an innovative,efficient strategy for multifunctional optimization and accelerated discovery in ultra-complex composite systems,highlighting the integration of ML and advanced materials design.
文摘The escalating pace of industrialization has significantly intensified water pollution challenges,for instance,the persistent organic pollutants like methyl orange(MO).Conventional remediation techniques,such as adsorption and biological degradation,are often hampered by low efficiency and the risk of secondary pollution.Photocatalysis emerges as a promising sustainable alternative;however,the benchmark material titanium dioxide(TiO_(2))suffers from its intrinsic limitations,notably its wide bandgap energy(≥3.4 eV)restricting its activity to the region of the ultraviolet light and its rapid recombination of photogenerated charge carriers.To overcome these constraints,this research focused on synthesizing novel TiO_(2)/Sn_(3)O_(4) heterojunction composite photocatalysts via a solvothermal approach.Comprehensive characterization techniques confirmed the successful formation of the composite,which revealed that ultrathin Sn3O4 nanosheets uniformly coated TiO_(2) nanospheres.This unique architecture effectively reduced the overall crystallinity and introduced the beneficial oxygen vacancies.Under visible-light irradiation(λ≥420 nm),the optimized TiO_(2)/Sn3O4 composite exhibited the exceptional photocatalytic performance,which achieved 96%degradation of MO within just 60 minutes.The calculated apparent kinetic rate constant(0.103 min^(-1))was remarkably(5.15 times)higher than that of pristine TiO_(2).ESR experiments identified that hydroxyl radicals(·OH)was the predominant active species driving the degradation.Furthermore,cyclic degradation tests demonstrated its excellent material stability,with the composite retaining 85%of its initial efficiency after four consecutive reuse cycles.This work underscored the synergistic effects within the TiO_(2)/Sn_(3)O_(4) heterojunction,which significantly enhanced the visible-light absorption,charge separation,and photocatalytic activity,which provided the valuable insights for designing efficient,stable catalysts for the advanced environmental remediation applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52471156,U20A20274,and 52071158)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Nos.2024M751173 and 2024M752703)+1 种基金the Jiangsu Funding Program for Excellent Postdoctoral Talent,China(No.2024ZB229)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions,China(No.24KJB430012).
文摘This study investigates the anisotropic thermal conductivity of aluminum matrix composites reinforced with graphene nano-plates(GNPs)and in situ ZrB_(2) nanoparticles,while simultaneously maintaining high strength and toughness.A discontinuous layered GNPs-ZrB_(2)/AA6111 composite was prepared using in situ melt reactions and semi-solid stirring casting technology,combined with hot rolling deformation processing.Microstructural analysis revealed that the GNPs were aligned parallel to the rolling direction-transverse direction(RD-TD)plane,whereas the ZrB_(2) nanoparticles aggregated into cluster strips,collectively forming a discontinuous layered structure.This multilayer arrangement maximized the in-plane thermal conductivity of the GNPs.The tightly bonded GNP/Al interfaces with the locking of CuAl_(2) nanoparticles ensured that the GNPs fully exploited their high thermal conductivity.Therefore,the GNPs-ZrB_(2)/AA6111 composite achieved high in-plane thermal conductivity(230 W/(m·K)),which is higher than that of the matrix(206 W/(m·K)).The improved in-plane thermal conductivity is primarily attributed to the exceptionally high intrinsic in-plane thermal conductivity of the GNPs and their two-dimensional layered structure.However,the composite exhibited pronounced thermal conductivity anisotropy in the in-plane and through-plane directions.The reduced through-plane thermal conductivity is predominantly caused by the intrinsically low through-plane thermal conductivity of the GNPs and the increased interfacial thermal resistance from the additional grain boundaries.
基金Funded by the Provincial Talent Project of Gansu Province(No.2025QNGR18)the Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province(No.23JRRA1647)+2 种基金the"Qizhi"Talent Cultivation Project of Lanzhou Institute of Technology(No.2025QZ-02)the Education Science and Technology Innovation Project of Gansu Province(No.2025A-229)the Lanzhou Science and Technology Development Guidance Plan Project(No.2024-9-307)。
文摘SiCp-reinforced 6092Al composites with volume fractions of 25%and 60%were prepared using a powder metallurgy method.Their friction and wear characteristics were analyzed using a reciprocating friction and wear testing machine under loads of 20 to 50 N against YG6 cemented carbide.The experimental results show that the friction coefficients of all samples increase with increasing load.The 25vol%composite exhibits the lowest friction coefficient(0.1669-0.2716),while the 60vol%composite exhibits the highest(0.3237-0.3990),with the 6092 aluminum alloy falling between the two.The wear volume and specific wear rate also increase with load,but the composites with a higher Si C content demonstrate smaller increments,with the 60vol%composite exhibiting superior wear resistance.Under a 30 N load,the wear scars of the 60vol%composite show a significant increase in the contents of elements such as C,Co,W,and O,indicating more severe wear of the counterpart material.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM)reveals wear mechanisms including adhesive wear,two-body sliding and three-body rolling wear of particles,and delamination.
