Herein,antibacterial silver‑doped fluorescent carbon dots(Ag‑CDs)were synthesized through a stepwise hydrothermal method,with polyethyleneimine(PEI),citric acid(CA),and silver nitrate(AgNO3)serving as precursors.The a...Herein,antibacterial silver‑doped fluorescent carbon dots(Ag‑CDs)were synthesized through a stepwise hydrothermal method,with polyethyleneimine(PEI),citric acid(CA),and silver nitrate(AgNO3)serving as precursors.The applicability and antimicrobial efficacy of these nanomaterials were systematically investigated for metal ion sensing.Experimental evidence demonstrated that the Ag‑CDs exhibited a pronounced fluorescence quenching response toward ferric ions(Fe^(3+)),enabling their quantitative determination via a linear concentration‑dependent relationship.These Ag‑CDs exhibited significant inhibitory effects on biofilm growth and disruption for both Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.Mechanism investigations indicate that Ag‑CDs induced the death of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa by disrupting their bacterial morphology and structure,triggering the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species(ROS),and impairing their antioxidant defense system.展开更多
Photocatalytic fuel cells provide promising opportunities for sustainable wastewater treatment and energy conversion.However,their applications are challenged by the sluggish oxygen reducton reaction(ORR)kinetics at c...Photocatalytic fuel cells provide promising opportunities for sustainable wastewater treatment and energy conversion.However,their applications are challenged by the sluggish oxygen reducton reaction(ORR)kinetics at cathodes owning to the low O_(2) solubility and diffusion rate.Herein,we proposed a photobiocatalytic fuel cell(PBFC) with a novel hybrid biocathode based on artificially engineered algal cells coated by ZIF-8 confined carbon dots/bilirubin oxidase(ZIF-8/CDs/BOD@algae).Microalgae absorbed CO_(2) and provided O_(2) in situ for BOD catalysts.Due to effective absorption of O_(2) by imidazole and confinement of hydrophobic porous ZIF-8,oxygen diffusion has been accelerated in MOF/enzyme systems.Importantly,the introduction of CDs alleviated the poor conductivity of ZIF-8 and improved the electron transfer rate of BOD.Thus,the biocathode exhibited a high current density of 1767 μA/cm^(2),a 2.26-fold increase compared with that of CDs/BOD/algae biocathode.Also,it displayed enduring operational stability for up to 60 h since the firmly wrapped ZIF-8 shells could encapsulate proteins and protect algae from the external stimulation.When coupled with Mo:BiVO_(4) photoanodes,the PBFC exhibited a remarkable power output of 131.8 μW/cm^(2) using tetracycline hydrochloride(TCH) as a fuel and an increased degradation rate of TCH.Therefore,this work not only establishs an effective confinement strategy for enzyme to enrich oxygen,but also unveils new possibilities for modified microalgal cells aiding photoelectrocatalytic systems to recover energy from wastewater treatment.展开更多
Carbon dots(CDs),a class of emerging fluorescent nanomaterials,have garnered notable attention in the biomedical field owing to their outstanding photoluminescence properties,excellent biocompatibility,and ease of syn...Carbon dots(CDs),a class of emerging fluorescent nanomaterials,have garnered notable attention in the biomedical field owing to their outstanding photoluminescence properties,excellent biocompatibility,and ease of synthesis and functionalization.Recently,numerous CDs have been developed that allow precise subcellular localization through surface modifications or covalent conjugation with targeting ligands such as peptides,small molecules,Golgi-specific agents,and cell membrane-specific agents.This review begins with an overview of the synthesis strategies of CDs,highlighting their exceptional optical properties,stability,biocompatibility,and significance for subcellular imaging.The mechanisms by which CDs target specific organelles,including the nucleus,mitochondrion,lysosomes,Golgi apparatus,and cell membrane,are discussed.These mechanisms include specific targeting molecules,pH-sensitive targeting,charge-driven interactions,and hydrophobic and hydrophilic dynamics.Furthermore,we summarize their applications in subcellular imaging,such as the long-term dynamic monitoring of organelles,sensing,reactive oxygen species scavenging,and therapy.By presenting a comprehensive review of CDs in subcellular imaging,we aim to pave the way for further development of CDs in bioimaging and related biomedical applications.展开更多
Portable ratiometric fluorescent platforms have emerged as promising tools for multifarious detection,yet remain unexplored for point-of-care monitoring doxorubicin(DOX),one of clinically antineoplastic drugs.To this ...Portable ratiometric fluorescent platforms have emerged as promising tools for multifarious detection,yet remain unexplored for point-of-care monitoring doxorubicin(DOX),one of clinically antineoplastic drugs.To this end,we herein develop a portable self-calibrating platform namely carbon dots(C-dots)-embedded hydrogel sensors with a smartphone-assisted high-throughput imaging device,for DOX sensing.The prepared green-emitting(λ_(em)=508 nm)and negatively-charged C-dots(−11.40±1.21 mV),which have sufficient spectral overlap with the absorption band of DOX(∼500 nm),can strongly bind with positively-charged DOX molecules by electrostatic attraction effects.As a result,DOX molecules are selectively and rapid(20 s)determined with a detection limit of 10.26 nmol/L via Förster resonance energy transfer processes,demonstrating a remarkably chromatic shift from green to red.Further integrated with a 3D-printed smartphone-assisted device,the platform enabled high-throughput quantification,achieving recoveries of 96.40%-101.85%in human urine/serum(RSDs<2.94%,n=3).Notably,the dual linear detection ranges of the platform align with the reported clinical DOX concentrations in urine and plasma(0-4 h post-administration),validating their capability for direct quantification of DOX in clinical samples without special pre-treatment processes.By virtue of attractive analytical performances and robust feasibility,this platform bridges laboratory precision and point-of-care testing needs,offering promising potential for personalized chemotherapy and multiplexed analyte screening.展开更多
Carbon dots(CDs),nanoscale carbon-based particles ubiquitously present in thermally processed foods such as toasted products,exhibit exceptional structural stability even after gastrointestinal digestion,a property th...Carbon dots(CDs),nanoscale carbon-based particles ubiquitously present in thermally processed foods such as toasted products,exhibit exceptional structural stability even after gastrointestinal digestion,a property that facilitates their systemic absorption and bioaccumulation.Their persistence in biological systems enables direct interactions with small bioactive molecules,potentially modulating the functional properties of dietary components.This study systematically evaluates the impact of CDs on the antioxidant efficacy of tea polyphenols(TPs),a class of natural antioxidants widely recognized for their health-promoting effects.The structure,antioxidant capacity,and in vitro cytological effects of the CDs-TPs complex were also investigated.Our results demonstrate that CDs and TPs form stable complexes mediated by non-covalent interactions,with hydrogen bonding identified as the dominant mechanism–specifically between the phenolic hydroxyl groups of TPs and fluorescent carbon-rich domains on CDs.These interactions induced a concentration-dependent enhancement in fluorescence intensity,with optimal binding efficiency observed at low CDs/TPs molar ratios(1:1 and 10:1).Structural analyses revealed that TP binding altered the tertiary conformation of CDs,exposing additional luminescent sites and modifying surface charge distribution.Transcriptomic profiling further demonstrated dose-dependent increases in differentially expressed genes under higher CDs/TPs ratios,which were predominantly enriched in oxidative stress response pathways.Mechanistic studies identified the FoxO signaling pathway as a central regulatory axis,with CDs-TPs complexes modulating the expression of antioxidant-related genes(e.g.,SOD2)and downstream effectors involved in redox homeostasis.These findings not only elucidate the structure-function interplay governing CDs-TPs interactions,but also highlight their dual role as modulators of antioxidant activity and potential therapeutic agents,establishing a foundation for developing CD-based composite materials in targeted antioxidant therapies.展开更多
In present work,blue carbon dots(b-CDs)were derived from ammonium citrate and guanidine hydrochloride,and red carbon dots(r-CDs)were stemmed from malonate,ethylenediamine and meso-tetra(4-carboxyphenyl)porphin based o...In present work,blue carbon dots(b-CDs)were derived from ammonium citrate and guanidine hydrochloride,and red carbon dots(r-CDs)were stemmed from malonate,ethylenediamine and meso-tetra(4-carboxyphenyl)porphin based on facile hydrothermal method.Eco-friendly ratiometric fluorescence probe was innovatively constructed to effectively measure Hg2+utilizing b-CDs and r-CDs.The developed probe displayed two typical emission peaks at 450 nm from b-CDs and 650 nm from r-CDs under the excitation at 360 nm.Mercury ion has strong quenching effect on the fluorescence intensity at 450 nm due to the electron transfer process and the fluorescence change at 450 nm was used as the response signal,whereas the fluorescence intensity at 650 nm kept unchangeable which resulted from the chemical inertness between Hg^(2+)and r-CDs,serving as the reference signal in the sensing system.Under optimal circumstances,this probe exhibited an excellent linearity between the fluorescence response values of F450/F650 and Hg^(2+)concentrations over range of 0.01-10μmol/L,and the limit of detectionwas down to 5.3 nmol/L.Furthermore,this probe was successfully employed for sensing Hg^(2+)in practical environmental water samples with satisfied recoveries of 98.5%-105.0%.The constructed ratiometric fluorescent probe provided a rapid,environmental-friendly,reliable,and efficient platform for measuring trace Hg^(2+)in environmental field.展开更多
Urbanization and industrialization have escalated water pollution,threatening ecosystems and human health.Water pollution not only degrades water quality but also poses long-term risks to human health through the food...Urbanization and industrialization have escalated water pollution,threatening ecosystems and human health.Water pollution not only degrades water quality but also poses long-term risks to human health through the food chain.The development of efficient wastewater detection and treatment methods is essential for mitigating this environmental hazard.Carbon dots(CDs),as emerging carbon-based nanomaterials,exhibit properties such as biocompatibility,photoluminescence(PL),water solubility,and strong adsorption,positioning them as promising candidates for environmental monitoring and management.Particularly in wastewater treatment,their optical and electron transfer properties make them ideal for pollutant detection and removal.Despite their potential,comprehensive reviews on CDs'role in wastewater treatment are scarce,often lacking detailed insights into their synthesis,PL mechanisms,and practical applications.This review systematically addresses the synthesis,PL mechanisms,and wastewater treatment applications of CDs,aiming to bridge existing research gaps.It begins with an overview of CDs structure and classification,essential for grasping their properties and uses.The paper then explores the pivotal PL mechanisms of CDs,crucial for their sensing capabilities.Next,comprehensive synthesis strategies are presented,encompassing both top-down and bottom-up strategies such as arc discharge,chemical oxidation,and hydrothermal/solvothermal synthesis.The diversity of these methods highlights the potential for tailored CDs production to suit specific environmental applications.Furthermore,the review systematically discusses the applications of CDs in wastewater treatment,including sensing,inorganic removal,and organic degradation.Finally,it delves into the research prospects and challenges of CDs,proposing future directions to enhance their role in wastewater treatment.展开更多
In this work,iron-doped carbon dots(Fe-CDs)with strong peroxidase-mimicking activity were synthesized for tumor-specific therapy.Their intrinsic red fluorescence enabled high-contrast cellular imaging,revealing prefer...In this work,iron-doped carbon dots(Fe-CDs)with strong peroxidase-mimicking activity were synthesized for tumor-specific therapy.Their intrinsic red fluorescence enabled high-contrast cellular imaging,revealing preferen⁃tial mitochondrial accumulation.In the acidic and hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))-rich tumor microenvironment,Fe-CDs catalyzed hydroxyl radical(·OH)generation,inducing oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation,ultimately triggering ferroptosis.In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated potent tumor inhibition.Furthermore,Fe-CDs exhibited excel⁃lent biocompatibility with no significant systemic toxicity.By integrating fluorescence imaging and catalytic therapy,this study presents a promising nanoplatform for tumor treatment and ferroptosis research.展开更多
Carbon dots(CDs)are fluorescent carbon-based nanomaterials with sizes smal-ler than 10 nm,that are renowned for their exceptional properties,including superior anti-photobleaching,excellent biocompatibility,and minima...Carbon dots(CDs)are fluorescent carbon-based nanomaterials with sizes smal-ler than 10 nm,that are renowned for their exceptional properties,including superior anti-photobleaching,excellent biocompatibility,and minimal toxicity,which have received sig-nificant interest.Near-infrared(NIR)light has emerged as an ideal light source in the biolo-gical field due to its advantages of minimal scattering and absorption,long wavelength emission,increased tissue penetration,and reduced interference from biological back-grounds.CDs with efficient absorption and/or emission characteristics in the NIR spectrum have shown remarkable promise in the biomedical uses.This study provides a comprehens-ive overview of the preparation methods and wavelength modulation strategies for near-in-frared CDs and reviews research progress in their use in the areas of biosensing,bioimaging,and therapy.It also discusses current challenges and clinical prospects,aimed at deepening our understanding of the subject and promoting further advances in this field.展开更多
Manganese(Mn),an essential trace element in the human body,plays critical roles in many biological processes.Recent studies have discovered that Mn^(2+)may promote or directly activate the cGAS-STING pathway,thereby s...Manganese(Mn),an essential trace element in the human body,plays critical roles in many biological processes.Recent studies have discovered that Mn^(2+)may promote or directly activate the cGAS-STING pathway,thereby subsequently initiating the natural immune response and augmenting antitumor therapy.However,the current lack of accurate methods for Mn^(2+)determination in cells significantly limits their mechanism investigation;hence,it is urgent to establish novel tools to detect Mn^(2+)in cells.In this study,the dual-emission carbon dots were initially synthesized via the one-pot hydrothermal method employing L-aspartic acid and p-phenylenediamine as raw materials.In the presence of Mn^(2+),the emission peak centered at 350 nm exhibited significant enhancement,whereas another peak at 610 nm remained stable.Consequently,a ratiometric sensor for Mn^(2+)determination was established using the signal at 350 nm as the responsive signal and the signal at 610 nm as an internal reference.Under the optimal condition,a good linear relationship was achieved between the F350/F610 value and Mn^(2+)concentration ranging from 0.9 to 15μmol/L,with a calculated LOD of 61 nmol/L.Benefiting from the special Mn^(2+)-induced ratiometric approach,this method demonstrates outstanding sensitivity,selectivity,and stability,rendering it applicable for Mn^(2+)determination in complex biological samples,as well as Mn^(2+)imaging in MKN-45 and LO2 cells.展开更多
Carbon dots(CDs)are functionalized carbon-based nanomaterials that have the potential for use in advanced batteries,owing to their ultrasmall size,tunable surface functional groups and excellent dispersibility.This re...Carbon dots(CDs)are functionalized carbon-based nanomaterials that have the potential for use in advanced batteries,owing to their ultrasmall size,tunable surface functional groups and excellent dispersibility.This review summarizes recent advances in CD-based materials for advanced batteries.Methods for the preparation of CDs are first introduced,focusing on the feasibility of large-scale synthesis,and four critical uses of CDs are analyzed:electrolyte solutions,metal electrode coatings,electrode materials,and solid-state batteries.We then consider how CDs suppress dendrite formation,decrease volume expansion,accelerate charge transfer,and improve ion migration.Finally,existing problems are discussed,including the industrial production of CDs,their role as additives in the evolution of electrode interfaces,and strategies for giving them multifunctionality.展开更多
Since the discovery of carbon dots(CDs)in 2004,the unique photoluminescence phenomenon of CDs has attracted widespread attention.However,the molecular weight of CDs has not been adequately quantified at present,due to...Since the discovery of carbon dots(CDs)in 2004,the unique photoluminescence phenomenon of CDs has attracted widespread attention.However,the molecular weight of CDs has not been adequately quantified at present,due to CDs are atomically imprecise and their molecular weight distribution is broad.In this paper,a series of Pluronic-modified CDs were prepared and the structure of the CDs was briefly analyzed.Subsequently,a molecular weight measurement method based on colligative properties was developed,and the correction coefficient in the algorithm was briefly analyzed.The calculated molecular weight was applied to the determination of surface adsorption capacity.This work provided a method for averaging the molecular weight of atomically imprecise particulate materials,which is expected to provide new opportunities in related fields.展开更多
Na_(2)Ti_(3)O_(7)and Na_(2)Ti_(6)O_(13)are two typical titanate-based sodium-storage materials,featuring the high theoretical capacity and favorable structure stability,respectively.Regulating the ratio of them in the...Na_(2)Ti_(3)O_(7)and Na_(2)Ti_(6)O_(13)are two typical titanate-based sodium-storage materials,featuring the high theoretical capacity and favorable structure stability,respectively.Regulating the ratio of them in the composite material is the key to strengthen its electrochemical characteristics.Herein,based on the high specific surface area and abundant surface functional groups of carbon dots(CDs),sodium titanate precursors containing CDs were in situ prepared by one-step hydrothermal method.After the thermal conversion of the precursors,a composite material(NNTO/C)of Na_(2)Ti_(3)O_(7)and Na_(2)Ti_(6)O_(13)was obtained,containing conductive carbon derived from CDs.The introduc⁃tion of conductive carbon not only adjusts the composition ratio of the mixed phases,but also provides a small charge transfer impedance(Rct,7.48Ω)and a big specific surface area(100.8 m^(2)/g).As a result,NNTO/C composites exhibit better sodium storage behavior while playing the synergistic interaction of mixed phases.When employed as the anode,after 200 cycles at 0.05 A/g,NNTO/C still maintains a specific capacity of 143.8 mA‧h/g.After 400 cycles at 1.00 A/g,the specific capacity remains as high as 108 mA‧h/g.This study suggests an innovative thinking for designing two-phase structures of electrode materials and the greater use of CDs in electrochemical energy storage.展开更多
We used the natural product chamomile as a carbon source to synthesize praseodymium(Pr) and nitrogen(N) co-doped biomass carbon dots(Pr/N-BCDs) with remarkable luminescence properties by one-step hydrothermal method.C...We used the natural product chamomile as a carbon source to synthesize praseodymium(Pr) and nitrogen(N) co-doped biomass carbon dots(Pr/N-BCDs) with remarkable luminescence properties by one-step hydrothermal method.Compared with single N-doped BCDs(N-BCDs) and Pr-doped BCDs(Pr-BCDs),Pr/N-BCDs not only showed better fluorescence properties and stability but also achieved a significant increase in quantum yield of 12%.More importantly,under certain conditions,Pr/N-BCDs and 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazide(2,4-DNPH) had significant fluorescence internal filtration effect(IFE) and dynamic quenching effect,and in the concentration range of0.50-20 μmol·L^(-1),the concentration of 2,4-DNPH had a good linear relationship with the fluorescence quenching signal,and the detection limit was as low as 2.1 nmol·L^(-1).展开更多
Nitrogen-phosphorus co-doped carbon dots(N,P-CDs)were synthesized via a one-step hydrothermal method using p-phenylene diisocyanate,ethylenediamine,and concentrated phosphoric acid as raw materials.The morphology,stru...Nitrogen-phosphorus co-doped carbon dots(N,P-CDs)were synthesized via a one-step hydrothermal method using p-phenylene diisocyanate,ethylenediamine,and concentrated phosphoric acid as raw materials.The morphology,structure,and optical properties of the N,P-CDs were characterized in detail.The N,P-CDs exhibit excellent water solubility,with optimal excitation and emission wavelengths of 392 nm and 520 nm,respectively.A novel fluorescence method for detection of curcumin was developed,demonstrating a linear range of 3.50-242.24μmol/L and a detection limit of 0.086μmol/L.When applied to the detection of curcumin in real water samples and chili powder seasoning,the method achieved recovery between 94.48%and 105.82%,and with the relative standard deviations(RSDs)ranging from 0.17%to 0.62%.These results highlight that the constructed fluorescence analysis method based on the N,P-CDs has the potential for the accurate and reliable detection of curcumin in real-world samples.展开更多
Carbon dots(CDs)are an emerging class of zero-dimensional carbon nano optical materials that are as promising candidates for various applications.Through the exploration of scientific researchers,the optical band gap ...Carbon dots(CDs)are an emerging class of zero-dimensional carbon nano optical materials that are as promising candidates for various applications.Through the exploration of scientific researchers,the optical band gap of CDs has been continuously regulated and red-shifted from the initial blue-violet light to longer wavelengths.In recent years,CDs with near-infrared(NIR)absorption/emission have been gradually reported.Because NIR light has deeper penetration and lower scattering and is invisible to the human eye,it has great application prospects in the fields of biological imaging and treatment,information encryption,optical communications,etc.Although there are a few reviews on deep red to NIR CDs,they only focus on the single biomedical direction.There is still a lack of comprehensive reviews focusing on NIR(≥700 nm)absorption and luminescent CDs and their multifunctional applications.Based on our research group’s findings on NIR CDs,this review summarizes recent advancements in their preparation strategies and applications,points out the current shortcomings and challenges,and anticipates future development trajectories.展开更多
Porphyrin-based photodynamic therapy(PDT)has emerged as a promising approach in clinic.However,its therapeutic efficacy is remarkedly constrained due to the intrinsic hydrophobicity of porphyrins and their limited abs...Porphyrin-based photodynamic therapy(PDT)has emerged as a promising approach in clinic.However,its therapeutic efficacy is remarkedly constrained due to the intrinsic hydrophobicity of porphyrins and their limited absorption in the near-infrared(NIR)region.Inspired by the unique supramolecular structures and optical properties of pigment-binding proteins during photosynthesis,we herein developed a carbon dot derived from porphyrin and amino acid mixture(TPP-AA-CDs)for efficient PDT.Having precisely tuned the optical properties of TPP-AA-CDs in the range of visible to NIR region,such a pigment-binding protein-mimicking system leveraged the hydrophilic amino acid-hybrid framework as a light-harvesting scaffold to support the hydrophobic porphyrin centre.TPP-AA-CDs exhibited enhanced light-harvesting efficiency in the presence of amino and hydroxyl residues from amino acid side chains,which facilitate the incorporation of porphyrin within the framework.Among the variants,histidine-derived carbon dots(TPP-H-CDs)performed markedly improved PDT efficiency with high biocompatibility,leading to accelerated wound healing and boosted antitumor effects under NIR light irradiation.This light-harvesting pigment-binding protein-mimicking framework that scaffolded the porphyrin,offered a promising strategy for developing the next-generation of efficient NIR-absorbing materials with potential clinical translations.展开更多
Bacterial infections have seriously impaired the wound healing.Despite numerous antibiotics have been developed to inhibit bacteria,the emergence of antibiotic resistance necessitates a rethinking of the public health...Bacterial infections have seriously impaired the wound healing.Despite numerous antibiotics have been developed to inhibit bacteria,the emergence of antibiotic resistance necessitates a rethinking of the public health crisis.In this study,we introduce the carbon dots derived from metformin and dopamine(MD-CDs)as a novel approach to promote the healing of bacterial-infected wound.Through a hydrothermal reaction,the regularly spherical MD-CDs were prepared.Owing to their inherent antibacterial property,MD-CDs effectively inhibited the wound infection and expedited the transition from the inflammation phase to the healing phase in infected wound.Additionally,MD-CDs enhanced the proliferation and migration of L929 cells,which is crucial for wound tissue regeneration.Following the treatment of infected fullthickness skin wounds,MD-CDs effectively promoted the collagen deposition and regeneration of hair follicle in the healing phase.Consequently,MD-CDs represent a bioactive nanomaterial exhibiting inherent antibacterial,offering a promising alternative for the treatment of infected wounds.展开更多
文摘Herein,antibacterial silver‑doped fluorescent carbon dots(Ag‑CDs)were synthesized through a stepwise hydrothermal method,with polyethyleneimine(PEI),citric acid(CA),and silver nitrate(AgNO3)serving as precursors.The applicability and antimicrobial efficacy of these nanomaterials were systematically investigated for metal ion sensing.Experimental evidence demonstrated that the Ag‑CDs exhibited a pronounced fluorescence quenching response toward ferric ions(Fe^(3+)),enabling their quantitative determination via a linear concentration‑dependent relationship.These Ag‑CDs exhibited significant inhibitory effects on biofilm growth and disruption for both Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.Mechanism investigations indicate that Ag‑CDs induced the death of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa by disrupting their bacterial morphology and structure,triggering the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species(ROS),and impairing their antioxidant defense system.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U24A2079,22272003,22301013)the Program of Beijing Municipal Education Commission(KZ20231000506)+1 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFB3810800)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2025M770117,GZC20250088)。
文摘Carbon dots(CDs),as emerging zero-dimensional carbon-based nanomaterials,demonstrate immense potential across optical displays,bioimaging,chemical sensing,information anti-counterfeiting,and optoelectronic devices.This promise stems from their exceptional tunable photoluminescence,low toxicity,biocompatibility,and abundant raw material sources.Since their discovery,research has centered on resolving controversies regarding classification,formation mechanism,microstructure,and luminescence principles while achieving controllable optoelectronic properties.Applications have evolved from basic fluorescent labeling to advanced domains including multimodal theranostics,high-sensitivity(bio/chemical)sensing,stable optoelectronic devices,intelligent anticounterfeiting systems,and environmental/energy catalysis.Future challenges demand breakthroughs in structural homogeneity/scalable eco-fabrication,universal structure-opto/electronic-property models,stability/efficiency in complex environments,and multifunctional synergy(e.g.,photo-electro-catalysis).This comprehensive review systematically examines milestone advances in CDs research over the past decade—spanning synthesis methodologies,photo/electronic property modulation mechanisms,and innovative applications—while dissecting key challenges and envisioning future pathways as versatile intelligent nanoplatforms.
基金support from National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.22176086,52100014)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (No.BK20210189)+7 种基金State Key laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse,the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Nos.021114380183,021114380189,021114380199)the Research Funds from Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling of Nanjing UniversityResearch Funds for Jiangsu Distinguished ProfessorCarbon Peaking and Carbon Neutrality Technological Innovation Foundation of Jiangsu Province (No.BE2022861)the Central Universities - Cemac “Geo X” Interdisciplinary Program (No.021114380217)Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling of Nanjing University (No.2024QNXZ07)Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF (No.GZC20231105)the Jiangsu Funding Program for Excellent Postdoctoral Talent (No.2023ZB226)。
文摘Photocatalytic fuel cells provide promising opportunities for sustainable wastewater treatment and energy conversion.However,their applications are challenged by the sluggish oxygen reducton reaction(ORR)kinetics at cathodes owning to the low O_(2) solubility and diffusion rate.Herein,we proposed a photobiocatalytic fuel cell(PBFC) with a novel hybrid biocathode based on artificially engineered algal cells coated by ZIF-8 confined carbon dots/bilirubin oxidase(ZIF-8/CDs/BOD@algae).Microalgae absorbed CO_(2) and provided O_(2) in situ for BOD catalysts.Due to effective absorption of O_(2) by imidazole and confinement of hydrophobic porous ZIF-8,oxygen diffusion has been accelerated in MOF/enzyme systems.Importantly,the introduction of CDs alleviated the poor conductivity of ZIF-8 and improved the electron transfer rate of BOD.Thus,the biocathode exhibited a high current density of 1767 μA/cm^(2),a 2.26-fold increase compared with that of CDs/BOD/algae biocathode.Also,it displayed enduring operational stability for up to 60 h since the firmly wrapped ZIF-8 shells could encapsulate proteins and protect algae from the external stimulation.When coupled with Mo:BiVO_(4) photoanodes,the PBFC exhibited a remarkable power output of 131.8 μW/cm^(2) using tetracycline hydrochloride(TCH) as a fuel and an increased degradation rate of TCH.Therefore,this work not only establishs an effective confinement strategy for enzyme to enrich oxygen,but also unveils new possibilities for modified microalgal cells aiding photoelectrocatalytic systems to recover energy from wastewater treatment.
基金support received from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U24A2079).
文摘Carbon dots(CDs),a class of emerging fluorescent nanomaterials,have garnered notable attention in the biomedical field owing to their outstanding photoluminescence properties,excellent biocompatibility,and ease of synthesis and functionalization.Recently,numerous CDs have been developed that allow precise subcellular localization through surface modifications or covalent conjugation with targeting ligands such as peptides,small molecules,Golgi-specific agents,and cell membrane-specific agents.This review begins with an overview of the synthesis strategies of CDs,highlighting their exceptional optical properties,stability,biocompatibility,and significance for subcellular imaging.The mechanisms by which CDs target specific organelles,including the nucleus,mitochondrion,lysosomes,Golgi apparatus,and cell membrane,are discussed.These mechanisms include specific targeting molecules,pH-sensitive targeting,charge-driven interactions,and hydrophobic and hydrophilic dynamics.Furthermore,we summarize their applications in subcellular imaging,such as the long-term dynamic monitoring of organelles,sensing,reactive oxygen species scavenging,and therapy.By presenting a comprehensive review of CDs in subcellular imaging,we aim to pave the way for further development of CDs in bioimaging and related biomedical applications.
基金supported by the National NaturalScience Foundation of China(No.22274001)the Key Project of Natural Science Research of the Education Department of Anhui Province(No.2022AH051032)the Excellent Research and Innovation Team of Universities in Anhui Province(No.2024AH010016).
文摘Portable ratiometric fluorescent platforms have emerged as promising tools for multifarious detection,yet remain unexplored for point-of-care monitoring doxorubicin(DOX),one of clinically antineoplastic drugs.To this end,we herein develop a portable self-calibrating platform namely carbon dots(C-dots)-embedded hydrogel sensors with a smartphone-assisted high-throughput imaging device,for DOX sensing.The prepared green-emitting(λ_(em)=508 nm)and negatively-charged C-dots(−11.40±1.21 mV),which have sufficient spectral overlap with the absorption band of DOX(∼500 nm),can strongly bind with positively-charged DOX molecules by electrostatic attraction effects.As a result,DOX molecules are selectively and rapid(20 s)determined with a detection limit of 10.26 nmol/L via Förster resonance energy transfer processes,demonstrating a remarkably chromatic shift from green to red.Further integrated with a 3D-printed smartphone-assisted device,the platform enabled high-throughput quantification,achieving recoveries of 96.40%-101.85%in human urine/serum(RSDs<2.94%,n=3).Notably,the dual linear detection ranges of the platform align with the reported clinical DOX concentrations in urine and plasma(0-4 h post-administration),validating their capability for direct quantification of DOX in clinical samples without special pre-treatment processes.By virtue of attractive analytical performances and robust feasibility,this platform bridges laboratory precision and point-of-care testing needs,offering promising potential for personalized chemotherapy and multiplexed analyte screening.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2024 YFD2401602)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32302209)+4 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(No.LQ24C200001)the Young Science and Technology Innovation Leading Talents of Ningbo City(No.2023QL038)the Natural Science Foundation of Ningbo(No.2023J104)the Zhejiang Provincial Department of Education General Project(Nos.Y202248913,Y202248913)the General Project of Education Department of Zhejiang Province(No.Y202353405)。
文摘Carbon dots(CDs),nanoscale carbon-based particles ubiquitously present in thermally processed foods such as toasted products,exhibit exceptional structural stability even after gastrointestinal digestion,a property that facilitates their systemic absorption and bioaccumulation.Their persistence in biological systems enables direct interactions with small bioactive molecules,potentially modulating the functional properties of dietary components.This study systematically evaluates the impact of CDs on the antioxidant efficacy of tea polyphenols(TPs),a class of natural antioxidants widely recognized for their health-promoting effects.The structure,antioxidant capacity,and in vitro cytological effects of the CDs-TPs complex were also investigated.Our results demonstrate that CDs and TPs form stable complexes mediated by non-covalent interactions,with hydrogen bonding identified as the dominant mechanism–specifically between the phenolic hydroxyl groups of TPs and fluorescent carbon-rich domains on CDs.These interactions induced a concentration-dependent enhancement in fluorescence intensity,with optimal binding efficiency observed at low CDs/TPs molar ratios(1:1 and 10:1).Structural analyses revealed that TP binding altered the tertiary conformation of CDs,exposing additional luminescent sites and modifying surface charge distribution.Transcriptomic profiling further demonstrated dose-dependent increases in differentially expressed genes under higher CDs/TPs ratios,which were predominantly enriched in oxidative stress response pathways.Mechanistic studies identified the FoxO signaling pathway as a central regulatory axis,with CDs-TPs complexes modulating the expression of antioxidant-related genes(e.g.,SOD2)and downstream effectors involved in redox homeostasis.These findings not only elucidate the structure-function interplay governing CDs-TPs interactions,but also highlight their dual role as modulators of antioxidant activity and potential therapeutic agents,establishing a foundation for developing CD-based composite materials in targeted antioxidant therapies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.22106039,21976211,and 42007204)the Science Foundation of Henan Normal University (No.2021PL23)+1 种基金the Excellent Science and Technology Innovation Team of Henan Normal University (No.2021TD06)the Program for Innovative Research Team in Science and Technology in the University of Henan Province (No.20IRTSTHN011).
文摘In present work,blue carbon dots(b-CDs)were derived from ammonium citrate and guanidine hydrochloride,and red carbon dots(r-CDs)were stemmed from malonate,ethylenediamine and meso-tetra(4-carboxyphenyl)porphin based on facile hydrothermal method.Eco-friendly ratiometric fluorescence probe was innovatively constructed to effectively measure Hg2+utilizing b-CDs and r-CDs.The developed probe displayed two typical emission peaks at 450 nm from b-CDs and 650 nm from r-CDs under the excitation at 360 nm.Mercury ion has strong quenching effect on the fluorescence intensity at 450 nm due to the electron transfer process and the fluorescence change at 450 nm was used as the response signal,whereas the fluorescence intensity at 650 nm kept unchangeable which resulted from the chemical inertness between Hg^(2+)and r-CDs,serving as the reference signal in the sensing system.Under optimal circumstances,this probe exhibited an excellent linearity between the fluorescence response values of F450/F650 and Hg^(2+)concentrations over range of 0.01-10μmol/L,and the limit of detectionwas down to 5.3 nmol/L.Furthermore,this probe was successfully employed for sensing Hg^(2+)in practical environmental water samples with satisfied recoveries of 98.5%-105.0%.The constructed ratiometric fluorescent probe provided a rapid,environmental-friendly,reliable,and efficient platform for measuring trace Hg^(2+)in environmental field.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(No.E2022208046)National Science Foundation of China(No.52004080)+2 种基金Key project of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U20A20130)Key research and development project of Hebei Province(No.22373704D)2023 Central Government Guide Local Science and Technology Development Fund Project(No.236Z1812 G)。
文摘Urbanization and industrialization have escalated water pollution,threatening ecosystems and human health.Water pollution not only degrades water quality but also poses long-term risks to human health through the food chain.The development of efficient wastewater detection and treatment methods is essential for mitigating this environmental hazard.Carbon dots(CDs),as emerging carbon-based nanomaterials,exhibit properties such as biocompatibility,photoluminescence(PL),water solubility,and strong adsorption,positioning them as promising candidates for environmental monitoring and management.Particularly in wastewater treatment,their optical and electron transfer properties make them ideal for pollutant detection and removal.Despite their potential,comprehensive reviews on CDs'role in wastewater treatment are scarce,often lacking detailed insights into their synthesis,PL mechanisms,and practical applications.This review systematically addresses the synthesis,PL mechanisms,and wastewater treatment applications of CDs,aiming to bridge existing research gaps.It begins with an overview of CDs structure and classification,essential for grasping their properties and uses.The paper then explores the pivotal PL mechanisms of CDs,crucial for their sensing capabilities.Next,comprehensive synthesis strategies are presented,encompassing both top-down and bottom-up strategies such as arc discharge,chemical oxidation,and hydrothermal/solvothermal synthesis.The diversity of these methods highlights the potential for tailored CDs production to suit specific environmental applications.Furthermore,the review systematically discusses the applications of CDs in wastewater treatment,including sensing,inorganic removal,and organic degradation.Finally,it delves into the research prospects and challenges of CDs,proposing future directions to enhance their role in wastewater treatment.
文摘In this work,iron-doped carbon dots(Fe-CDs)with strong peroxidase-mimicking activity were synthesized for tumor-specific therapy.Their intrinsic red fluorescence enabled high-contrast cellular imaging,revealing preferen⁃tial mitochondrial accumulation.In the acidic and hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))-rich tumor microenvironment,Fe-CDs catalyzed hydroxyl radical(·OH)generation,inducing oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation,ultimately triggering ferroptosis.In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated potent tumor inhibition.Furthermore,Fe-CDs exhibited excel⁃lent biocompatibility with no significant systemic toxicity.By integrating fluorescence imaging and catalytic therapy,this study presents a promising nanoplatform for tumor treatment and ferroptosis research.
基金financial support by Talent Introduction Research Initiation Fund of Shanxi Bethune Hospital(2022RC04)Basic Research Program Youth Science Research Project of Shanxi province(202203021212096)+1 种基金Shanxi Province Clinical Theranostics Technology Innovation Center for Immunologic and Rheumatic Diseases(CXZX-202302)Research Project Plan of Shanxi Provincial Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(2023ZYYB2021)。
文摘Carbon dots(CDs)are fluorescent carbon-based nanomaterials with sizes smal-ler than 10 nm,that are renowned for their exceptional properties,including superior anti-photobleaching,excellent biocompatibility,and minimal toxicity,which have received sig-nificant interest.Near-infrared(NIR)light has emerged as an ideal light source in the biolo-gical field due to its advantages of minimal scattering and absorption,long wavelength emission,increased tissue penetration,and reduced interference from biological back-grounds.CDs with efficient absorption and/or emission characteristics in the NIR spectrum have shown remarkable promise in the biomedical uses.This study provides a comprehens-ive overview of the preparation methods and wavelength modulation strategies for near-in-frared CDs and reviews research progress in their use in the areas of biosensing,bioimaging,and therapy.It also discusses current challenges and clinical prospects,aimed at deepening our understanding of the subject and promoting further advances in this field.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(22264023)Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province(2024JC-YBQN-0150)+2 种基金Yan'an Science and Technology Bureau Project(2023-SFGG-057)Scientific Research Projects of Education Department of Shaanxi Province(22JK0614)PhD Start Fund of Yan'an University(YDBK2022-15)。
文摘Manganese(Mn),an essential trace element in the human body,plays critical roles in many biological processes.Recent studies have discovered that Mn^(2+)may promote or directly activate the cGAS-STING pathway,thereby subsequently initiating the natural immune response and augmenting antitumor therapy.However,the current lack of accurate methods for Mn^(2+)determination in cells significantly limits their mechanism investigation;hence,it is urgent to establish novel tools to detect Mn^(2+)in cells.In this study,the dual-emission carbon dots were initially synthesized via the one-pot hydrothermal method employing L-aspartic acid and p-phenylenediamine as raw materials.In the presence of Mn^(2+),the emission peak centered at 350 nm exhibited significant enhancement,whereas another peak at 610 nm remained stable.Consequently,a ratiometric sensor for Mn^(2+)determination was established using the signal at 350 nm as the responsive signal and the signal at 610 nm as an internal reference.Under the optimal condition,a good linear relationship was achieved between the F350/F610 value and Mn^(2+)concentration ranging from 0.9 to 15μmol/L,with a calculated LOD of 61 nmol/L.Benefiting from the special Mn^(2+)-induced ratiometric approach,this method demonstrates outstanding sensitivity,selectivity,and stability,rendering it applicable for Mn^(2+)determination in complex biological samples,as well as Mn^(2+)imaging in MKN-45 and LO2 cells.
文摘Carbon dots(CDs)are functionalized carbon-based nanomaterials that have the potential for use in advanced batteries,owing to their ultrasmall size,tunable surface functional groups and excellent dispersibility.This review summarizes recent advances in CD-based materials for advanced batteries.Methods for the preparation of CDs are first introduced,focusing on the feasibility of large-scale synthesis,and four critical uses of CDs are analyzed:electrolyte solutions,metal electrode coatings,electrode materials,and solid-state batteries.We then consider how CDs suppress dendrite formation,decrease volume expansion,accelerate charge transfer,and improve ion migration.Finally,existing problems are discussed,including the industrial production of CDs,their role as additives in the evolution of electrode interfaces,and strategies for giving them multifunctionality.
文摘Since the discovery of carbon dots(CDs)in 2004,the unique photoluminescence phenomenon of CDs has attracted widespread attention.However,the molecular weight of CDs has not been adequately quantified at present,due to CDs are atomically imprecise and their molecular weight distribution is broad.In this paper,a series of Pluronic-modified CDs were prepared and the structure of the CDs was briefly analyzed.Subsequently,a molecular weight measurement method based on colligative properties was developed,and the correction coefficient in the algorithm was briefly analyzed.The calculated molecular weight was applied to the determination of surface adsorption capacity.This work provided a method for averaging the molecular weight of atomically imprecise particulate materials,which is expected to provide new opportunities in related fields.
文摘Na_(2)Ti_(3)O_(7)and Na_(2)Ti_(6)O_(13)are two typical titanate-based sodium-storage materials,featuring the high theoretical capacity and favorable structure stability,respectively.Regulating the ratio of them in the composite material is the key to strengthen its electrochemical characteristics.Herein,based on the high specific surface area and abundant surface functional groups of carbon dots(CDs),sodium titanate precursors containing CDs were in situ prepared by one-step hydrothermal method.After the thermal conversion of the precursors,a composite material(NNTO/C)of Na_(2)Ti_(3)O_(7)and Na_(2)Ti_(6)O_(13)was obtained,containing conductive carbon derived from CDs.The introduc⁃tion of conductive carbon not only adjusts the composition ratio of the mixed phases,but also provides a small charge transfer impedance(Rct,7.48Ω)and a big specific surface area(100.8 m^(2)/g).As a result,NNTO/C composites exhibit better sodium storage behavior while playing the synergistic interaction of mixed phases.When employed as the anode,after 200 cycles at 0.05 A/g,NNTO/C still maintains a specific capacity of 143.8 mA‧h/g.After 400 cycles at 1.00 A/g,the specific capacity remains as high as 108 mA‧h/g.This study suggests an innovative thinking for designing two-phase structures of electrode materials and the greater use of CDs in electrochemical energy storage.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.22063010)the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province (Grant No.2022QFY07-05)Yan'an Science and Technology Plan Project (Grants No.2022SLJBZ-002, 2023-CYL-193)。
文摘We used the natural product chamomile as a carbon source to synthesize praseodymium(Pr) and nitrogen(N) co-doped biomass carbon dots(Pr/N-BCDs) with remarkable luminescence properties by one-step hydrothermal method.Compared with single N-doped BCDs(N-BCDs) and Pr-doped BCDs(Pr-BCDs),Pr/N-BCDs not only showed better fluorescence properties and stability but also achieved a significant increase in quantum yield of 12%.More importantly,under certain conditions,Pr/N-BCDs and 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazide(2,4-DNPH) had significant fluorescence internal filtration effect(IFE) and dynamic quenching effect,and in the concentration range of0.50-20 μmol·L^(-1),the concentration of 2,4-DNPH had a good linear relationship with the fluorescence quenching signal,and the detection limit was as low as 2.1 nmol·L^(-1).
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22274090)The Basic Research Project of Shanxi Province(No.202203021221026)+1 种基金Shanxi Province Patent Conversion Project(No.202306012)Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Classical Prescription Strengthening Yang(No.202104010910011)。
文摘Nitrogen-phosphorus co-doped carbon dots(N,P-CDs)were synthesized via a one-step hydrothermal method using p-phenylene diisocyanate,ethylenediamine,and concentrated phosphoric acid as raw materials.The morphology,structure,and optical properties of the N,P-CDs were characterized in detail.The N,P-CDs exhibit excellent water solubility,with optimal excitation and emission wavelengths of 392 nm and 520 nm,respectively.A novel fluorescence method for detection of curcumin was developed,demonstrating a linear range of 3.50-242.24μmol/L and a detection limit of 0.086μmol/L.When applied to the detection of curcumin in real water samples and chili powder seasoning,the method achieved recovery between 94.48%and 105.82%,and with the relative standard deviations(RSDs)ranging from 0.17%to 0.62%.These results highlight that the constructed fluorescence analysis method based on the N,P-CDs has the potential for the accurate and reliable detection of curcumin in real-world samples.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Development Fund of Macao SAR(Nos.0139/2022/A3,0007/2021/AKP,006/2022/ALC).
文摘Carbon dots(CDs)are an emerging class of zero-dimensional carbon nano optical materials that are as promising candidates for various applications.Through the exploration of scientific researchers,the optical band gap of CDs has been continuously regulated and red-shifted from the initial blue-violet light to longer wavelengths.In recent years,CDs with near-infrared(NIR)absorption/emission have been gradually reported.Because NIR light has deeper penetration and lower scattering and is invisible to the human eye,it has great application prospects in the fields of biological imaging and treatment,information encryption,optical communications,etc.Although there are a few reviews on deep red to NIR CDs,they only focus on the single biomedical direction.There is still a lack of comprehensive reviews focusing on NIR(≥700 nm)absorption and luminescent CDs and their multifunctional applications.Based on our research group’s findings on NIR CDs,this review summarizes recent advancements in their preparation strategies and applications,points out the current shortcomings and challenges,and anticipates future development trajectories.
基金supported by the Key Research and Development Joint Fund of the Department of Science and Technology of Liaoning Province(No.2021JH2/1030005)the General Program of the Education Department of Liaoning Province(No.JYTMS20230101)。
文摘Porphyrin-based photodynamic therapy(PDT)has emerged as a promising approach in clinic.However,its therapeutic efficacy is remarkedly constrained due to the intrinsic hydrophobicity of porphyrins and their limited absorption in the near-infrared(NIR)region.Inspired by the unique supramolecular structures and optical properties of pigment-binding proteins during photosynthesis,we herein developed a carbon dot derived from porphyrin and amino acid mixture(TPP-AA-CDs)for efficient PDT.Having precisely tuned the optical properties of TPP-AA-CDs in the range of visible to NIR region,such a pigment-binding protein-mimicking system leveraged the hydrophilic amino acid-hybrid framework as a light-harvesting scaffold to support the hydrophobic porphyrin centre.TPP-AA-CDs exhibited enhanced light-harvesting efficiency in the presence of amino and hydroxyl residues from amino acid side chains,which facilitate the incorporation of porphyrin within the framework.Among the variants,histidine-derived carbon dots(TPP-H-CDs)performed markedly improved PDT efficiency with high biocompatibility,leading to accelerated wound healing and boosted antitumor effects under NIR light irradiation.This light-harvesting pigment-binding protein-mimicking framework that scaffolded the porphyrin,offered a promising strategy for developing the next-generation of efficient NIR-absorbing materials with potential clinical translations.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52122308)the Joint Fund of Science and Technology R&D Plan of Henan Province(No.232301420042)
文摘Bacterial infections have seriously impaired the wound healing.Despite numerous antibiotics have been developed to inhibit bacteria,the emergence of antibiotic resistance necessitates a rethinking of the public health crisis.In this study,we introduce the carbon dots derived from metformin and dopamine(MD-CDs)as a novel approach to promote the healing of bacterial-infected wound.Through a hydrothermal reaction,the regularly spherical MD-CDs were prepared.Owing to their inherent antibacterial property,MD-CDs effectively inhibited the wound infection and expedited the transition from the inflammation phase to the healing phase in infected wound.Additionally,MD-CDs enhanced the proliferation and migration of L929 cells,which is crucial for wound tissue regeneration.Following the treatment of infected fullthickness skin wounds,MD-CDs effectively promoted the collagen deposition and regeneration of hair follicle in the healing phase.Consequently,MD-CDs represent a bioactive nanomaterial exhibiting inherent antibacterial,offering a promising alternative for the treatment of infected wounds.
