In present work,blue carbon dots(b-CDs)were derived from ammonium citrate and guanidine hydrochloride,and red carbon dots(r-CDs)were stemmed from malonate,ethylenediamine and meso-tetra(4-carboxyphenyl)porphin based o...In present work,blue carbon dots(b-CDs)were derived from ammonium citrate and guanidine hydrochloride,and red carbon dots(r-CDs)were stemmed from malonate,ethylenediamine and meso-tetra(4-carboxyphenyl)porphin based on facile hydrothermal method.Eco-friendly ratiometric fluorescence probe was innovatively constructed to effectively measure Hg2+utilizing b-CDs and r-CDs.The developed probe displayed two typical emission peaks at 450 nm from b-CDs and 650 nm from r-CDs under the excitation at 360 nm.Mercury ion has strong quenching effect on the fluorescence intensity at 450 nm due to the electron transfer process and the fluorescence change at 450 nm was used as the response signal,whereas the fluorescence intensity at 650 nm kept unchangeable which resulted from the chemical inertness between Hg^(2+)and r-CDs,serving as the reference signal in the sensing system.Under optimal circumstances,this probe exhibited an excellent linearity between the fluorescence response values of F450/F650 and Hg^(2+)concentrations over range of 0.01-10μmol/L,and the limit of detectionwas down to 5.3 nmol/L.Furthermore,this probe was successfully employed for sensing Hg^(2+)in practical environmental water samples with satisfied recoveries of 98.5%-105.0%.The constructed ratiometric fluorescent probe provided a rapid,environmental-friendly,reliable,and efficient platform for measuring trace Hg^(2+)in environmental field.展开更多
Urbanization and industrialization have escalated water pollution,threatening ecosystems and human health.Water pollution not only degrades water quality but also poses long-term risks to human health through the food...Urbanization and industrialization have escalated water pollution,threatening ecosystems and human health.Water pollution not only degrades water quality but also poses long-term risks to human health through the food chain.The development of efficient wastewater detection and treatment methods is essential for mitigating this environmental hazard.Carbon dots(CDs),as emerging carbon-based nanomaterials,exhibit properties such as biocompatibility,photoluminescence(PL),water solubility,and strong adsorption,positioning them as promising candidates for environmental monitoring and management.Particularly in wastewater treatment,their optical and electron transfer properties make them ideal for pollutant detection and removal.Despite their potential,comprehensive reviews on CDs'role in wastewater treatment are scarce,often lacking detailed insights into their synthesis,PL mechanisms,and practical applications.This review systematically addresses the synthesis,PL mechanisms,and wastewater treatment applications of CDs,aiming to bridge existing research gaps.It begins with an overview of CDs structure and classification,essential for grasping their properties and uses.The paper then explores the pivotal PL mechanisms of CDs,crucial for their sensing capabilities.Next,comprehensive synthesis strategies are presented,encompassing both top-down and bottom-up strategies such as arc discharge,chemical oxidation,and hydrothermal/solvothermal synthesis.The diversity of these methods highlights the potential for tailored CDs production to suit specific environmental applications.Furthermore,the review systematically discusses the applications of CDs in wastewater treatment,including sensing,inorganic removal,and organic degradation.Finally,it delves into the research prospects and challenges of CDs,proposing future directions to enhance their role in wastewater treatment.展开更多
Carbon dots(CDs)are fluorescent carbon-based nanomaterials with sizes smal-ler than 10 nm,that are renowned for their exceptional properties,including superior anti-photobleaching,excellent biocompatibility,and minima...Carbon dots(CDs)are fluorescent carbon-based nanomaterials with sizes smal-ler than 10 nm,that are renowned for their exceptional properties,including superior anti-photobleaching,excellent biocompatibility,and minimal toxicity,which have received sig-nificant interest.Near-infrared(NIR)light has emerged as an ideal light source in the biolo-gical field due to its advantages of minimal scattering and absorption,long wavelength emission,increased tissue penetration,and reduced interference from biological back-grounds.CDs with efficient absorption and/or emission characteristics in the NIR spectrum have shown remarkable promise in the biomedical uses.This study provides a comprehens-ive overview of the preparation methods and wavelength modulation strategies for near-in-frared CDs and reviews research progress in their use in the areas of biosensing,bioimaging,and therapy.It also discusses current challenges and clinical prospects,aimed at deepening our understanding of the subject and promoting further advances in this field.展开更多
In this work,iron-doped carbon dots(Fe-CDs)with strong peroxidase-mimicking activity were synthesized for tumor-specific therapy.Their intrinsic red fluorescence enabled high-contrast cellular imaging,revealing prefer...In this work,iron-doped carbon dots(Fe-CDs)with strong peroxidase-mimicking activity were synthesized for tumor-specific therapy.Their intrinsic red fluorescence enabled high-contrast cellular imaging,revealing preferen⁃tial mitochondrial accumulation.In the acidic and hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))-rich tumor microenvironment,Fe-CDs catalyzed hydroxyl radical(·OH)generation,inducing oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation,ultimately triggering ferroptosis.In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated potent tumor inhibition.Furthermore,Fe-CDs exhibited excel⁃lent biocompatibility with no significant systemic toxicity.By integrating fluorescence imaging and catalytic therapy,this study presents a promising nanoplatform for tumor treatment and ferroptosis research.展开更多
Manganese(Mn),an essential trace element in the human body,plays critical roles in many biological processes.Recent studies have discovered that Mn^(2+)may promote or directly activate the cGAS-STING pathway,thereby s...Manganese(Mn),an essential trace element in the human body,plays critical roles in many biological processes.Recent studies have discovered that Mn^(2+)may promote or directly activate the cGAS-STING pathway,thereby subsequently initiating the natural immune response and augmenting antitumor therapy.However,the current lack of accurate methods for Mn^(2+)determination in cells significantly limits their mechanism investigation;hence,it is urgent to establish novel tools to detect Mn^(2+)in cells.In this study,the dual-emission carbon dots were initially synthesized via the one-pot hydrothermal method employing L-aspartic acid and p-phenylenediamine as raw materials.In the presence of Mn^(2+),the emission peak centered at 350 nm exhibited significant enhancement,whereas another peak at 610 nm remained stable.Consequently,a ratiometric sensor for Mn^(2+)determination was established using the signal at 350 nm as the responsive signal and the signal at 610 nm as an internal reference.Under the optimal condition,a good linear relationship was achieved between the F350/F610 value and Mn^(2+)concentration ranging from 0.9 to 15μmol/L,with a calculated LOD of 61 nmol/L.Benefiting from the special Mn^(2+)-induced ratiometric approach,this method demonstrates outstanding sensitivity,selectivity,and stability,rendering it applicable for Mn^(2+)determination in complex biological samples,as well as Mn^(2+)imaging in MKN-45 and LO2 cells.展开更多
Carbon dots(CDs)are functionalized carbon-based nanomaterials that have the potential for use in advanced batteries,owing to their ultrasmall size,tunable surface functional groups and excellent dispersibility.This re...Carbon dots(CDs)are functionalized carbon-based nanomaterials that have the potential for use in advanced batteries,owing to their ultrasmall size,tunable surface functional groups and excellent dispersibility.This review summarizes recent advances in CD-based materials for advanced batteries.Methods for the preparation of CDs are first introduced,focusing on the feasibility of large-scale synthesis,and four critical uses of CDs are analyzed:electrolyte solutions,metal electrode coatings,electrode materials,and solid-state batteries.We then consider how CDs suppress dendrite formation,decrease volume expansion,accelerate charge transfer,and improve ion migration.Finally,existing problems are discussed,including the industrial production of CDs,their role as additives in the evolution of electrode interfaces,and strategies for giving them multifunctionality.展开更多
Since the discovery of carbon dots(CDs)in 2004,the unique photoluminescence phenomenon of CDs has attracted widespread attention.However,the molecular weight of CDs has not been adequately quantified at present,due to...Since the discovery of carbon dots(CDs)in 2004,the unique photoluminescence phenomenon of CDs has attracted widespread attention.However,the molecular weight of CDs has not been adequately quantified at present,due to CDs are atomically imprecise and their molecular weight distribution is broad.In this paper,a series of Pluronic-modified CDs were prepared and the structure of the CDs was briefly analyzed.Subsequently,a molecular weight measurement method based on colligative properties was developed,and the correction coefficient in the algorithm was briefly analyzed.The calculated molecular weight was applied to the determination of surface adsorption capacity.This work provided a method for averaging the molecular weight of atomically imprecise particulate materials,which is expected to provide new opportunities in related fields.展开更多
We used the natural product chamomile as a carbon source to synthesize praseodymium(Pr) and nitrogen(N) co-doped biomass carbon dots(Pr/N-BCDs) with remarkable luminescence properties by one-step hydrothermal method.C...We used the natural product chamomile as a carbon source to synthesize praseodymium(Pr) and nitrogen(N) co-doped biomass carbon dots(Pr/N-BCDs) with remarkable luminescence properties by one-step hydrothermal method.Compared with single N-doped BCDs(N-BCDs) and Pr-doped BCDs(Pr-BCDs),Pr/N-BCDs not only showed better fluorescence properties and stability but also achieved a significant increase in quantum yield of 12%.More importantly,under certain conditions,Pr/N-BCDs and 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazide(2,4-DNPH) had significant fluorescence internal filtration effect(IFE) and dynamic quenching effect,and in the concentration range of0.50-20 μmol·L^(-1),the concentration of 2,4-DNPH had a good linear relationship with the fluorescence quenching signal,and the detection limit was as low as 2.1 nmol·L^(-1).展开更多
Na_(2)Ti_(3)O_(7)and Na_(2)Ti_(6)O_(13)are two typical titanate-based sodium-storage materials,featuring the high theoretical capacity and favorable structure stability,respectively.Regulating the ratio of them in the...Na_(2)Ti_(3)O_(7)and Na_(2)Ti_(6)O_(13)are two typical titanate-based sodium-storage materials,featuring the high theoretical capacity and favorable structure stability,respectively.Regulating the ratio of them in the composite material is the key to strengthen its electrochemical characteristics.Herein,based on the high specific surface area and abundant surface functional groups of carbon dots(CDs),sodium titanate precursors containing CDs were in situ prepared by one-step hydrothermal method.After the thermal conversion of the precursors,a composite material(NNTO/C)of Na_(2)Ti_(3)O_(7)and Na_(2)Ti_(6)O_(13)was obtained,containing conductive carbon derived from CDs.The introduc⁃tion of conductive carbon not only adjusts the composition ratio of the mixed phases,but also provides a small charge transfer impedance(Rct,7.48Ω)and a big specific surface area(100.8 m^(2)/g).As a result,NNTO/C composites exhibit better sodium storage behavior while playing the synergistic interaction of mixed phases.When employed as the anode,after 200 cycles at 0.05 A/g,NNTO/C still maintains a specific capacity of 143.8 mA‧h/g.After 400 cycles at 1.00 A/g,the specific capacity remains as high as 108 mA‧h/g.This study suggests an innovative thinking for designing two-phase structures of electrode materials and the greater use of CDs in electrochemical energy storage.展开更多
Carbon dots(CDs)are an emerging class of zero-dimensional carbon nano optical materials that are as promising candidates for various applications.Through the exploration of scientific researchers,the optical band gap ...Carbon dots(CDs)are an emerging class of zero-dimensional carbon nano optical materials that are as promising candidates for various applications.Through the exploration of scientific researchers,the optical band gap of CDs has been continuously regulated and red-shifted from the initial blue-violet light to longer wavelengths.In recent years,CDs with near-infrared(NIR)absorption/emission have been gradually reported.Because NIR light has deeper penetration and lower scattering and is invisible to the human eye,it has great application prospects in the fields of biological imaging and treatment,information encryption,optical communications,etc.Although there are a few reviews on deep red to NIR CDs,they only focus on the single biomedical direction.There is still a lack of comprehensive reviews focusing on NIR(≥700 nm)absorption and luminescent CDs and their multifunctional applications.Based on our research group’s findings on NIR CDs,this review summarizes recent advancements in their preparation strategies and applications,points out the current shortcomings and challenges,and anticipates future development trajectories.展开更多
Sunscreen agents derived from plants have been regarded as promising alternatives to artificial compounds.In this work,carbon dots(CDs)were prepared from carrot juice via a continuous microflowbased approach,where the...Sunscreen agents derived from plants have been regarded as promising alternatives to artificial compounds.In this work,carbon dots(CDs)were prepared from carrot juice via a continuous microflowbased approach,where the influence of process parameters was studied and optimized.Complimentary characterization revealed the CDs not only have small size,narrow size distribution,and good water solubility,but also have abundant functional groups as well as excellent UV absorption performance.Relying on these properties,the CDs were used as UV absorbers,suggesting they have strong long-term UV absorption ability over a broad pH range.The UV-absorption properties of the CDs were confirmed by incorporating the CDs in polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)to get C-CDs@PVA films of different thickness,in which significantly enhanced UV absorption performance was observed.Besides,the sun protection performance is also related to the film thickness.Afterwards,the practical application of the CDs was evaluated by adding them in a typical skin cream.With the addition of the CDs,the cream has drastically reduced UV transmittance in both UVA and UVB regions,and exhibits better UV absorption performance than commercial sunscreen agents.The CDs also demonstrated low cytotoxicity and high DPPH radical scavenging activity,making them promising as green sunscreen absorbers.This work is expected to provide a guidance for the development of green and effective natural sunscreen agents via microflowbased method.展开更多
Bacterial infections have seriously impaired the wound healing.Despite numerous antibiotics have been developed to inhibit bacteria,the emergence of antibiotic resistance necessitates a rethinking of the public health...Bacterial infections have seriously impaired the wound healing.Despite numerous antibiotics have been developed to inhibit bacteria,the emergence of antibiotic resistance necessitates a rethinking of the public health crisis.In this study,we introduce the carbon dots derived from metformin and dopamine(MD-CDs)as a novel approach to promote the healing of bacterial-infected wound.Through a hydrothermal reaction,the regularly spherical MD-CDs were prepared.Owing to their inherent antibacterial property,MD-CDs effectively inhibited the wound infection and expedited the transition from the inflammation phase to the healing phase in infected wound.Additionally,MD-CDs enhanced the proliferation and migration of L929 cells,which is crucial for wound tissue regeneration.Following the treatment of infected fullthickness skin wounds,MD-CDs effectively promoted the collagen deposition and regeneration of hair follicle in the healing phase.Consequently,MD-CDs represent a bioactive nanomaterial exhibiting inherent antibacterial,offering a promising alternative for the treatment of infected wounds.展开更多
Carbon dots(CDs),due to their low cost,high stability,and high luminous efficiency,have emerged as an excellent material for the emissive layer in next-generation electroluminescent light-emitting diodes(ELEDs).Howeve...Carbon dots(CDs),due to their low cost,high stability,and high luminous efficiency,have emerged as an excellent material for the emissive layer in next-generation electroluminescent light-emitting diodes(ELEDs).However,improving the efficiency of fluorescent CDs-based ELEDs remains challenging,primarily because it is difficult to utilize triplet excitons in the electroluminescence process.Therefore,enhancing the exciton utilization efficiency of CDs during electroluminescence is crucial.Based on this,we exploited the characteristic large exciton binding energy commonly found in CDs to develop exciton-emitting CDs.These CDs facilitate the radiative recombination of excitons during electroluminescence,thereby improving the electroluminescent efficiency.By rationally selecting precursors,we developed high quantum efficiency CDs and subsequently constructed CDs-based ELEDs.The blue-light device exhibited an external quantum efficiency of over 4%.This study introduces a novel design concept for CDs,providing a new strategy for developing high-performance blue ELEDs based on CDs.展开更多
Herein we report the facial detection of formaldehyde(FA)by using an interesting red acidichromic carbon dots(ACDs)which turns blue when pH gradually decreases.The color change was attributed to the conversion between...Herein we report the facial detection of formaldehyde(FA)by using an interesting red acidichromic carbon dots(ACDs)which turns blue when pH gradually decreases.The color change was attributed to the conversion between the double bonds(C=N)and single bonds(C-N)on the surface of the ACDs.Inspired by the reaction between FA and ammonium chloride that produces H^(+)and methenamine and decrease the pH value of the solution,a fast and simple visual detection method for FA was found with a minimum discriminated concentration of 0.04 mol/L.A fluorescence detection method for FA was also found with LOD of 0.029 mol/L and FA in real sample,e.g.,shredded squid was successfully analyzed.This work provides a new idea of developing fast visual detection method for daily monitor or in-site semiquantitative assessment on FA.展开更多
Cadmium accumulation in seafood has become a major concern for human health.Recently,there has been an increasing focus on the potential risks associated with food-borne fluorescent carbon dots(CDs)that are formed dur...Cadmium accumulation in seafood has become a major concern for human health.Recently,there has been an increasing focus on the potential risks associated with food-borne fluorescent carbon dots(CDs)that are formed during the thermal processing of seafood.The co-occurrence of cadmium and CDs from cooked seafood become a common phenomenon and co-exposure of them to human has been an inevitable route during long-term seafood consuming.In addition,it has been widely recognized that CDs can be used as nanocarriers for metal ion chelation for their transport into organisms,thereby,they could influence the bioavailability of metal ion.While there have been numerous studies on the toxic effects of cadmium or CDs,none have explored the combined toxicity of food-borne CDs from clams(CCDs)and Cd^(2+).In this study,we investigated the single or co-exposure(combined exposure)of Cd^(2+)and CCDs on PC12 cells to investigate the combined toxicity of them.Our analysis of cell viability revealed that CCDs significantly augmented the cytotoxicity induced by Cd^(2+).More in-depth metabolomics and lipidomics investigation indicated that the combined exposure of Cd^(2+)and CCDs led to significant metabolic disorders,causing an antagonistic effect on energy metabolism,and a synergistic effect on amino acids and lipids metabolism.The disturbance in metabolomics and lipidomics was further supported by the disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential and the accumulation of reactive oxygen species following co-exposure.These findings provide new evidence that support the enhanced cytotoxicity of Cd^(2+)by the CCDs derived from the thermal processing of clams.This study also declares the necessary that prioritize the investigation of the potential impact of other thermal processing hazards originating from heat-processed foods on the toxicity of heavy metal ions.展开更多
In this study,a simple and effective ratiometric fluorescence method has been developed for carbaryl detection,utilizing red emissive carbon dots(R-CDs).The underlying principle of this proposed strategy relies on the...In this study,a simple and effective ratiometric fluorescence method has been developed for carbaryl detection,utilizing red emissive carbon dots(R-CDs).The underlying principle of this proposed strategy relies on the rapid hydrolysis of carbaryl under an alkaline condition and production of 1-naphthol with blue-emission at 462 nm.Furthermore,the as-synthesized R-CDs(Em.677 nm),serve as a reference,enhancing the visual tracking of carbaryl through the transformation of fluorescent color from red to blue.The concentration of carbaryl exhibits a commendable linear correlation with the ratio of fluorescence intensity,ranging from 0 to 20μg/m L(R^(2)=0.9989)with a low detection limit of 0.52 ng/m L.Additionally,the described methodology can be used for the enzyme-free visual assay of carbaryl,even in the presence of other carbamate pesticides and metal ions,in tap water and lake water samples with excellent accuracy(spiked recoveries,94%-106.1%),high precision(relative standard deviation(RSD)≤2.42),and remarkable selectivity.This fast and highly sensitive naked-eye ratiometric sensor holds immense promise for carbaryl detection in intricate environments and food safety fields.展开更多
The carbonization processing(Paozhi)in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)represents a unique pharmaceutical technology where thermal modification of herbal materials enhances specific therapeutic properties,particularl...The carbonization processing(Paozhi)in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)represents a unique pharmaceutical technology where thermal modification of herbal materials enhances specific therapeutic properties,particularly hemostatic and antioxidant effects.Despite centuries of empirical applications,the scientific basis underlying these enhanced bioactivities remains poorly characterized,particularly regarding the transformation and functionalization of active components during high-temperature carbonization.This study systematically investigates carbon dots(CDs),emerging carbon-based nanomaterials spontaneously formed during the carbonization process,as potential key bioactive constituents mediating the therapeutic actions of carbonized TCM.Through multidisciplinary analysis of pyrolysis-driven CD formation mechanisms,nanostructural evolution,and surface chemistry modulation,we demonstrate that CDs exhibit size-dependent fluorescence properties and redox-active surface functional groups that correlate with their observed biological effects.Crucially,the study establishes quantitative structure-activity relationships between CDs’quantum confinement characteristics(2–8 nm diameter),oxygencontaining surface moieties(carboxyl,hydroxyl groups),and their procoagulant/antioxidant capacities.By bridging traditional processing knowledge with nanotechnology insights,this work not only deciphers the“black box”of thermal processing in TCM but also proposes a nano-biointerface paradigm for understanding Paozhi mechanisms.The findings advance quality control strategies through CD-based spectral fingerprinting and open new avenues for developing nanoscale TCM derivatives with optimized therapeutic profiles.展开更多
Photodynamic therapy(PDT)has emerged as a promising protocol for cancer therapy.However,real-time monitoring of PDT progress and accurate determination of the optimal treatment timing remain challenges.In this work,we...Photodynamic therapy(PDT)has emerged as a promising protocol for cancer therapy.However,real-time monitoring of PDT progress and accurate determination of the optimal treatment timing remain challenges.In this work,we selected carbon dots(CDs)and new indocyanine green(IR820)as building units to fabricate a smart nanotheranostics(CDs-IR820 assembly)with the characteristics of controlled release and real-time imaging to solve the time gap between diagnosis and treatment.The fabricated CDs-IR820 assembly locked the photosensitivity of the CDs and could degrade under 750 nm laser irradiation to achieve controlled release of the CDs,thus used for cell imaging and producing single oxygen under the white light.Besides,the released CDs could migrate from the mitochondria to the nucleus during the PDT process,indicating the cell activity,which facilitated the regulation of treatment parameters to achieve the precise PDT for cancer.展开更多
Organic pollutants are harmful and toxic chemical substances that adversely threaten human health and the living environment all over the world.More and more studies have been investigating the relationship between lo...Organic pollutants are harmful and toxic chemical substances that adversely threaten human health and the living environment all over the world.More and more studies have been investigating the relationship between low level of human exposure of organic compounds and various internal diseases.For the sake of assessing disease risk due to organic compounds contact in a particular location,it is imperative for relevant government departments to make a human health risk assessment in view of the organic pollutants'bioavailability and their dosage-response correlations.It is inevitable to make use of an efficient method to detect organic pollutants,which is significant for public health and safety.Fluorescent assays based on carbon dots thus would provide a very plausible candidate method.After consulting a large number of literatures,we offer a comprehensive review of the sensing applications of carbon dots for organic pollutants.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.22106039,21976211,and 42007204)the Science Foundation of Henan Normal University (No.2021PL23)+1 种基金the Excellent Science and Technology Innovation Team of Henan Normal University (No.2021TD06)the Program for Innovative Research Team in Science and Technology in the University of Henan Province (No.20IRTSTHN011).
文摘In present work,blue carbon dots(b-CDs)were derived from ammonium citrate and guanidine hydrochloride,and red carbon dots(r-CDs)were stemmed from malonate,ethylenediamine and meso-tetra(4-carboxyphenyl)porphin based on facile hydrothermal method.Eco-friendly ratiometric fluorescence probe was innovatively constructed to effectively measure Hg2+utilizing b-CDs and r-CDs.The developed probe displayed two typical emission peaks at 450 nm from b-CDs and 650 nm from r-CDs under the excitation at 360 nm.Mercury ion has strong quenching effect on the fluorescence intensity at 450 nm due to the electron transfer process and the fluorescence change at 450 nm was used as the response signal,whereas the fluorescence intensity at 650 nm kept unchangeable which resulted from the chemical inertness between Hg^(2+)and r-CDs,serving as the reference signal in the sensing system.Under optimal circumstances,this probe exhibited an excellent linearity between the fluorescence response values of F450/F650 and Hg^(2+)concentrations over range of 0.01-10μmol/L,and the limit of detectionwas down to 5.3 nmol/L.Furthermore,this probe was successfully employed for sensing Hg^(2+)in practical environmental water samples with satisfied recoveries of 98.5%-105.0%.The constructed ratiometric fluorescent probe provided a rapid,environmental-friendly,reliable,and efficient platform for measuring trace Hg^(2+)in environmental field.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(No.E2022208046)National Science Foundation of China(No.52004080)+2 种基金Key project of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U20A20130)Key research and development project of Hebei Province(No.22373704D)2023 Central Government Guide Local Science and Technology Development Fund Project(No.236Z1812 G)。
文摘Urbanization and industrialization have escalated water pollution,threatening ecosystems and human health.Water pollution not only degrades water quality but also poses long-term risks to human health through the food chain.The development of efficient wastewater detection and treatment methods is essential for mitigating this environmental hazard.Carbon dots(CDs),as emerging carbon-based nanomaterials,exhibit properties such as biocompatibility,photoluminescence(PL),water solubility,and strong adsorption,positioning them as promising candidates for environmental monitoring and management.Particularly in wastewater treatment,their optical and electron transfer properties make them ideal for pollutant detection and removal.Despite their potential,comprehensive reviews on CDs'role in wastewater treatment are scarce,often lacking detailed insights into their synthesis,PL mechanisms,and practical applications.This review systematically addresses the synthesis,PL mechanisms,and wastewater treatment applications of CDs,aiming to bridge existing research gaps.It begins with an overview of CDs structure and classification,essential for grasping their properties and uses.The paper then explores the pivotal PL mechanisms of CDs,crucial for their sensing capabilities.Next,comprehensive synthesis strategies are presented,encompassing both top-down and bottom-up strategies such as arc discharge,chemical oxidation,and hydrothermal/solvothermal synthesis.The diversity of these methods highlights the potential for tailored CDs production to suit specific environmental applications.Furthermore,the review systematically discusses the applications of CDs in wastewater treatment,including sensing,inorganic removal,and organic degradation.Finally,it delves into the research prospects and challenges of CDs,proposing future directions to enhance their role in wastewater treatment.
基金financial support by Talent Introduction Research Initiation Fund of Shanxi Bethune Hospital(2022RC04)Basic Research Program Youth Science Research Project of Shanxi province(202203021212096)+1 种基金Shanxi Province Clinical Theranostics Technology Innovation Center for Immunologic and Rheumatic Diseases(CXZX-202302)Research Project Plan of Shanxi Provincial Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(2023ZYYB2021)。
文摘Carbon dots(CDs)are fluorescent carbon-based nanomaterials with sizes smal-ler than 10 nm,that are renowned for their exceptional properties,including superior anti-photobleaching,excellent biocompatibility,and minimal toxicity,which have received sig-nificant interest.Near-infrared(NIR)light has emerged as an ideal light source in the biolo-gical field due to its advantages of minimal scattering and absorption,long wavelength emission,increased tissue penetration,and reduced interference from biological back-grounds.CDs with efficient absorption and/or emission characteristics in the NIR spectrum have shown remarkable promise in the biomedical uses.This study provides a comprehens-ive overview of the preparation methods and wavelength modulation strategies for near-in-frared CDs and reviews research progress in their use in the areas of biosensing,bioimaging,and therapy.It also discusses current challenges and clinical prospects,aimed at deepening our understanding of the subject and promoting further advances in this field.
文摘In this work,iron-doped carbon dots(Fe-CDs)with strong peroxidase-mimicking activity were synthesized for tumor-specific therapy.Their intrinsic red fluorescence enabled high-contrast cellular imaging,revealing preferen⁃tial mitochondrial accumulation.In the acidic and hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))-rich tumor microenvironment,Fe-CDs catalyzed hydroxyl radical(·OH)generation,inducing oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation,ultimately triggering ferroptosis.In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated potent tumor inhibition.Furthermore,Fe-CDs exhibited excel⁃lent biocompatibility with no significant systemic toxicity.By integrating fluorescence imaging and catalytic therapy,this study presents a promising nanoplatform for tumor treatment and ferroptosis research.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(22264023)Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province(2024JC-YBQN-0150)+2 种基金Yan'an Science and Technology Bureau Project(2023-SFGG-057)Scientific Research Projects of Education Department of Shaanxi Province(22JK0614)PhD Start Fund of Yan'an University(YDBK2022-15)。
文摘Manganese(Mn),an essential trace element in the human body,plays critical roles in many biological processes.Recent studies have discovered that Mn^(2+)may promote or directly activate the cGAS-STING pathway,thereby subsequently initiating the natural immune response and augmenting antitumor therapy.However,the current lack of accurate methods for Mn^(2+)determination in cells significantly limits their mechanism investigation;hence,it is urgent to establish novel tools to detect Mn^(2+)in cells.In this study,the dual-emission carbon dots were initially synthesized via the one-pot hydrothermal method employing L-aspartic acid and p-phenylenediamine as raw materials.In the presence of Mn^(2+),the emission peak centered at 350 nm exhibited significant enhancement,whereas another peak at 610 nm remained stable.Consequently,a ratiometric sensor for Mn^(2+)determination was established using the signal at 350 nm as the responsive signal and the signal at 610 nm as an internal reference.Under the optimal condition,a good linear relationship was achieved between the F350/F610 value and Mn^(2+)concentration ranging from 0.9 to 15μmol/L,with a calculated LOD of 61 nmol/L.Benefiting from the special Mn^(2+)-induced ratiometric approach,this method demonstrates outstanding sensitivity,selectivity,and stability,rendering it applicable for Mn^(2+)determination in complex biological samples,as well as Mn^(2+)imaging in MKN-45 and LO2 cells.
文摘Carbon dots(CDs)are functionalized carbon-based nanomaterials that have the potential for use in advanced batteries,owing to their ultrasmall size,tunable surface functional groups and excellent dispersibility.This review summarizes recent advances in CD-based materials for advanced batteries.Methods for the preparation of CDs are first introduced,focusing on the feasibility of large-scale synthesis,and four critical uses of CDs are analyzed:electrolyte solutions,metal electrode coatings,electrode materials,and solid-state batteries.We then consider how CDs suppress dendrite formation,decrease volume expansion,accelerate charge transfer,and improve ion migration.Finally,existing problems are discussed,including the industrial production of CDs,their role as additives in the evolution of electrode interfaces,and strategies for giving them multifunctionality.
文摘Since the discovery of carbon dots(CDs)in 2004,the unique photoluminescence phenomenon of CDs has attracted widespread attention.However,the molecular weight of CDs has not been adequately quantified at present,due to CDs are atomically imprecise and their molecular weight distribution is broad.In this paper,a series of Pluronic-modified CDs were prepared and the structure of the CDs was briefly analyzed.Subsequently,a molecular weight measurement method based on colligative properties was developed,and the correction coefficient in the algorithm was briefly analyzed.The calculated molecular weight was applied to the determination of surface adsorption capacity.This work provided a method for averaging the molecular weight of atomically imprecise particulate materials,which is expected to provide new opportunities in related fields.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.22063010)the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province (Grant No.2022QFY07-05)Yan'an Science and Technology Plan Project (Grants No.2022SLJBZ-002, 2023-CYL-193)。
文摘We used the natural product chamomile as a carbon source to synthesize praseodymium(Pr) and nitrogen(N) co-doped biomass carbon dots(Pr/N-BCDs) with remarkable luminescence properties by one-step hydrothermal method.Compared with single N-doped BCDs(N-BCDs) and Pr-doped BCDs(Pr-BCDs),Pr/N-BCDs not only showed better fluorescence properties and stability but also achieved a significant increase in quantum yield of 12%.More importantly,under certain conditions,Pr/N-BCDs and 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazide(2,4-DNPH) had significant fluorescence internal filtration effect(IFE) and dynamic quenching effect,and in the concentration range of0.50-20 μmol·L^(-1),the concentration of 2,4-DNPH had a good linear relationship with the fluorescence quenching signal,and the detection limit was as low as 2.1 nmol·L^(-1).
文摘Na_(2)Ti_(3)O_(7)and Na_(2)Ti_(6)O_(13)are two typical titanate-based sodium-storage materials,featuring the high theoretical capacity and favorable structure stability,respectively.Regulating the ratio of them in the composite material is the key to strengthen its electrochemical characteristics.Herein,based on the high specific surface area and abundant surface functional groups of carbon dots(CDs),sodium titanate precursors containing CDs were in situ prepared by one-step hydrothermal method.After the thermal conversion of the precursors,a composite material(NNTO/C)of Na_(2)Ti_(3)O_(7)and Na_(2)Ti_(6)O_(13)was obtained,containing conductive carbon derived from CDs.The introduc⁃tion of conductive carbon not only adjusts the composition ratio of the mixed phases,but also provides a small charge transfer impedance(Rct,7.48Ω)and a big specific surface area(100.8 m^(2)/g).As a result,NNTO/C composites exhibit better sodium storage behavior while playing the synergistic interaction of mixed phases.When employed as the anode,after 200 cycles at 0.05 A/g,NNTO/C still maintains a specific capacity of 143.8 mA‧h/g.After 400 cycles at 1.00 A/g,the specific capacity remains as high as 108 mA‧h/g.This study suggests an innovative thinking for designing two-phase structures of electrode materials and the greater use of CDs in electrochemical energy storage.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Development Fund of Macao SAR(Nos.0139/2022/A3,0007/2021/AKP,006/2022/ALC).
文摘Carbon dots(CDs)are an emerging class of zero-dimensional carbon nano optical materials that are as promising candidates for various applications.Through the exploration of scientific researchers,the optical band gap of CDs has been continuously regulated and red-shifted from the initial blue-violet light to longer wavelengths.In recent years,CDs with near-infrared(NIR)absorption/emission have been gradually reported.Because NIR light has deeper penetration and lower scattering and is invisible to the human eye,it has great application prospects in the fields of biological imaging and treatment,information encryption,optical communications,etc.Although there are a few reviews on deep red to NIR CDs,they only focus on the single biomedical direction.There is still a lack of comprehensive reviews focusing on NIR(≥700 nm)absorption and luminescent CDs and their multifunctional applications.Based on our research group’s findings on NIR CDs,this review summarizes recent advancements in their preparation strategies and applications,points out the current shortcomings and challenges,and anticipates future development trajectories.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(22078125)Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China(2023M741472)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(JUSRP622038).
文摘Sunscreen agents derived from plants have been regarded as promising alternatives to artificial compounds.In this work,carbon dots(CDs)were prepared from carrot juice via a continuous microflowbased approach,where the influence of process parameters was studied and optimized.Complimentary characterization revealed the CDs not only have small size,narrow size distribution,and good water solubility,but also have abundant functional groups as well as excellent UV absorption performance.Relying on these properties,the CDs were used as UV absorbers,suggesting they have strong long-term UV absorption ability over a broad pH range.The UV-absorption properties of the CDs were confirmed by incorporating the CDs in polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)to get C-CDs@PVA films of different thickness,in which significantly enhanced UV absorption performance was observed.Besides,the sun protection performance is also related to the film thickness.Afterwards,the practical application of the CDs was evaluated by adding them in a typical skin cream.With the addition of the CDs,the cream has drastically reduced UV transmittance in both UVA and UVB regions,and exhibits better UV absorption performance than commercial sunscreen agents.The CDs also demonstrated low cytotoxicity and high DPPH radical scavenging activity,making them promising as green sunscreen absorbers.This work is expected to provide a guidance for the development of green and effective natural sunscreen agents via microflowbased method.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52122308)the Joint Fund of Science and Technology R&D Plan of Henan Province(No.232301420042)
文摘Bacterial infections have seriously impaired the wound healing.Despite numerous antibiotics have been developed to inhibit bacteria,the emergence of antibiotic resistance necessitates a rethinking of the public health crisis.In this study,we introduce the carbon dots derived from metformin and dopamine(MD-CDs)as a novel approach to promote the healing of bacterial-infected wound.Through a hydrothermal reaction,the regularly spherical MD-CDs were prepared.Owing to their inherent antibacterial property,MD-CDs effectively inhibited the wound infection and expedited the transition from the inflammation phase to the healing phase in infected wound.Additionally,MD-CDs enhanced the proliferation and migration of L929 cells,which is crucial for wound tissue regeneration.Following the treatment of infected fullthickness skin wounds,MD-CDs effectively promoted the collagen deposition and regeneration of hair follicle in the healing phase.Consequently,MD-CDs represent a bioactive nanomaterial exhibiting inherent antibacterial,offering a promising alternative for the treatment of infected wounds.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22205058,22105064,52122308)the Funding Plan of Key Scientific Research Projects in Colleges and Universities of Henan Province(No.23A150001)+2 种基金Doctoral Scientific Research Start-up Foundation from Henan University of Technology(No.2021BS024)the Project of Youth Backbone Teachers of Henan University of Technology(No.21421250)the Innovative Funds Plan of Henan University of Technology(No.2022ZKCJ01)。
文摘Carbon dots(CDs),due to their low cost,high stability,and high luminous efficiency,have emerged as an excellent material for the emissive layer in next-generation electroluminescent light-emitting diodes(ELEDs).However,improving the efficiency of fluorescent CDs-based ELEDs remains challenging,primarily because it is difficult to utilize triplet excitons in the electroluminescence process.Therefore,enhancing the exciton utilization efficiency of CDs during electroluminescence is crucial.Based on this,we exploited the characteristic large exciton binding energy commonly found in CDs to develop exciton-emitting CDs.These CDs facilitate the radiative recombination of excitons during electroluminescence,thereby improving the electroluminescent efficiency.By rationally selecting precursors,we developed high quantum efficiency CDs and subsequently constructed CDs-based ELEDs.The blue-light device exhibited an external quantum efficiency of over 4%.This study introduces a novel design concept for CDs,providing a new strategy for developing high-performance blue ELEDs based on CDs.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21804062,52071171,and 52202248)Liaoning BaiQianWan Talents Program(No.LNBQW2018B0048)+8 种基金Shenyang Science and Technology Project(No.21-108-9-04)Key Research Project of Department of Education of Liaoning Province(No.LJKZZ20220015)Australian Research Council(ARC)through Future Fellowship(No.FT210100298)Discovery Project(No.DP220100603)Linkage Project(Nos.LP210200504,LP220100088,and LP230200897)Industrial Transformation Research Hub(No.IH240100009)schemesthe Australian Government through the Cooperative Research Centres Projects(No.CRCPXIII000077)the Australian Renewable Energy Agency(ARENA)as part of ARENA’s Transformative Research Accelerating Commercialisation Program(No.TM021)European Commission’s Australia-Spain Network for Innovation and Research Excellence(AuSpire).
文摘Herein we report the facial detection of formaldehyde(FA)by using an interesting red acidichromic carbon dots(ACDs)which turns blue when pH gradually decreases.The color change was attributed to the conversion between the double bonds(C=N)and single bonds(C-N)on the surface of the ACDs.Inspired by the reaction between FA and ammonium chloride that produces H^(+)and methenamine and decrease the pH value of the solution,a fast and simple visual detection method for FA was found with a minimum discriminated concentration of 0.04 mol/L.A fluorescence detection method for FA was also found with LOD of 0.029 mol/L and FA in real sample,e.g.,shredded squid was successfully analyzed.This work provides a new idea of developing fast visual detection method for daily monitor or in-site semiquantitative assessment on FA.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Project of China(2017YFC1600702)the Central Funds Guiding the Local Science and Technology Development of China(2020JH6/10500002).
文摘Cadmium accumulation in seafood has become a major concern for human health.Recently,there has been an increasing focus on the potential risks associated with food-borne fluorescent carbon dots(CDs)that are formed during the thermal processing of seafood.The co-occurrence of cadmium and CDs from cooked seafood become a common phenomenon and co-exposure of them to human has been an inevitable route during long-term seafood consuming.In addition,it has been widely recognized that CDs can be used as nanocarriers for metal ion chelation for their transport into organisms,thereby,they could influence the bioavailability of metal ion.While there have been numerous studies on the toxic effects of cadmium or CDs,none have explored the combined toxicity of food-borne CDs from clams(CCDs)and Cd^(2+).In this study,we investigated the single or co-exposure(combined exposure)of Cd^(2+)and CCDs on PC12 cells to investigate the combined toxicity of them.Our analysis of cell viability revealed that CCDs significantly augmented the cytotoxicity induced by Cd^(2+).More in-depth metabolomics and lipidomics investigation indicated that the combined exposure of Cd^(2+)and CCDs led to significant metabolic disorders,causing an antagonistic effect on energy metabolism,and a synergistic effect on amino acids and lipids metabolism.The disturbance in metabolomics and lipidomics was further supported by the disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential and the accumulation of reactive oxygen species following co-exposure.These findings provide new evidence that support the enhanced cytotoxicity of Cd^(2+)by the CCDs derived from the thermal processing of clams.This study also declares the necessary that prioritize the investigation of the potential impact of other thermal processing hazards originating from heat-processed foods on the toxicity of heavy metal ions.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of the Science and Technology Department of Jilin Province(No.20220101086JC)。
文摘In this study,a simple and effective ratiometric fluorescence method has been developed for carbaryl detection,utilizing red emissive carbon dots(R-CDs).The underlying principle of this proposed strategy relies on the rapid hydrolysis of carbaryl under an alkaline condition and production of 1-naphthol with blue-emission at 462 nm.Furthermore,the as-synthesized R-CDs(Em.677 nm),serve as a reference,enhancing the visual tracking of carbaryl through the transformation of fluorescent color from red to blue.The concentration of carbaryl exhibits a commendable linear correlation with the ratio of fluorescence intensity,ranging from 0 to 20μg/m L(R^(2)=0.9989)with a low detection limit of 0.52 ng/m L.Additionally,the described methodology can be used for the enzyme-free visual assay of carbaryl,even in the presence of other carbamate pesticides and metal ions,in tap water and lake water samples with excellent accuracy(spiked recoveries,94%-106.1%),high precision(relative standard deviation(RSD)≤2.42),and remarkable selectivity.This fast and highly sensitive naked-eye ratiometric sensor holds immense promise for carbaryl detection in intricate environments and food safety fields.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(No.ZR2023ZD25)the Shandong Province Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Development Project(No.Q-2023107)the Taishan Scholars Project in Shandong Province(Nos.tstp202306 and tsqn202408246).
文摘The carbonization processing(Paozhi)in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)represents a unique pharmaceutical technology where thermal modification of herbal materials enhances specific therapeutic properties,particularly hemostatic and antioxidant effects.Despite centuries of empirical applications,the scientific basis underlying these enhanced bioactivities remains poorly characterized,particularly regarding the transformation and functionalization of active components during high-temperature carbonization.This study systematically investigates carbon dots(CDs),emerging carbon-based nanomaterials spontaneously formed during the carbonization process,as potential key bioactive constituents mediating the therapeutic actions of carbonized TCM.Through multidisciplinary analysis of pyrolysis-driven CD formation mechanisms,nanostructural evolution,and surface chemistry modulation,we demonstrate that CDs exhibit size-dependent fluorescence properties and redox-active surface functional groups that correlate with their observed biological effects.Crucially,the study establishes quantitative structure-activity relationships between CDs’quantum confinement characteristics(2–8 nm diameter),oxygencontaining surface moieties(carboxyl,hydroxyl groups),and their procoagulant/antioxidant capacities.By bridging traditional processing knowledge with nanotechnology insights,this work not only deciphers the“black box”of thermal processing in TCM but also proposes a nano-biointerface paradigm for understanding Paozhi mechanisms.The findings advance quality control strategies through CD-based spectral fingerprinting and open new avenues for developing nanoscale TCM derivatives with optimized therapeutic profiles.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52272052)the project of the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFA1207600).
文摘Photodynamic therapy(PDT)has emerged as a promising protocol for cancer therapy.However,real-time monitoring of PDT progress and accurate determination of the optimal treatment timing remain challenges.In this work,we selected carbon dots(CDs)and new indocyanine green(IR820)as building units to fabricate a smart nanotheranostics(CDs-IR820 assembly)with the characteristics of controlled release and real-time imaging to solve the time gap between diagnosis and treatment.The fabricated CDs-IR820 assembly locked the photosensitivity of the CDs and could degrade under 750 nm laser irradiation to achieve controlled release of the CDs,thus used for cell imaging and producing single oxygen under the white light.Besides,the released CDs could migrate from the mitochondria to the nucleus during the PDT process,indicating the cell activity,which facilitated the regulation of treatment parameters to achieve the precise PDT for cancer.
基金financially supported by Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(Nos.LY22B050001 and LR18R050001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21675143,21775139,82100376 and 21705120)+4 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,China(Nos.ZR2023MB001,ZR2017LB016 and ZR2022QH108)the Project of Shandong Province Higher Educational Outstanding Youth Innovation Team(No.2019KJM008)Shandong Province Medicine and Health Science and Technology Development Plan Project(No.202113050530)Special Fund for Taishan Scholar Project(No.tsqn202211231)Foundation of Yuandu Scholar。
文摘Organic pollutants are harmful and toxic chemical substances that adversely threaten human health and the living environment all over the world.More and more studies have been investigating the relationship between low level of human exposure of organic compounds and various internal diseases.For the sake of assessing disease risk due to organic compounds contact in a particular location,it is imperative for relevant government departments to make a human health risk assessment in view of the organic pollutants'bioavailability and their dosage-response correlations.It is inevitable to make use of an efficient method to detect organic pollutants,which is significant for public health and safety.Fluorescent assays based on carbon dots thus would provide a very plausible candidate method.After consulting a large number of literatures,we offer a comprehensive review of the sensing applications of carbon dots for organic pollutants.
