Carbon capture,utilization,and storage(CCUS)represents a critical technological pathway for global car-bon emission reduction.CCUS-enhanced oil recovery(EOR)technology is the most feasible CCUS technol-ogy demonstrati...Carbon capture,utilization,and storage(CCUS)represents a critical technological pathway for global car-bon emission reduction.CCUS-enhanced oil recovery(EOR)technology is the most feasible CCUS technol-ogy demonstrating dual benefits of enhanced energy production and carbon reduction.This study comprehensively described the key influencing factors governing CO_(2)-EOR and geological storage and systematically analyzed reservoir properties,fluid characteristics,and operational parameters.The mech-anisms of these parameters on EOR versus CO_(2) storage performance were investigated throughout CCUS-EOR processes.This paper proposes a coupled two-stage CCUS-EOR process:CO_(2)-EOR storage stage and long-term CO_(2) storage stage after the CO_(2) injection phase is completed.In each stage,the main control factors impacting the CO_(2)-EOR and storage stages are screened and coupled with rigorous technical anal-ysis.The key factors here are reservoir properties,fluid characteristics,and operational parameter.A novel CCUS-EOR synergistic method was proposed to optimize the lifecycle performance of dual objective of EOR and storage.Furthermore,based on multi-objective optimization,considering the lifecycle,a multi-scale techno-economic evaluation method was proposed to fully assess the CCUS-EOR project per-formance.Finally,a set of recommendations for advancing CCUS-EOR technologies by deploying multi-factor/multi-field coupling methodologies,novel green intelligent injection materials,and artificial intel-ligence/machine learning technologies were visited.展开更多
CO_(2)-responsive gels,which swell upon contact with CO_(2),are widely used for profile control to plug high-permeability gas flow channels in carbon capture,utilization,and storage(CCUS)applications in oil reser-voir...CO_(2)-responsive gels,which swell upon contact with CO_(2),are widely used for profile control to plug high-permeability gas flow channels in carbon capture,utilization,and storage(CCUS)applications in oil reser-voirs.However,the use of these gels in high-temperature CCUS applications is limited due to their rever-sible swelling behavior at elevated temperatures.In this study,a novel dispersed particle gel(DPG)suspension is developed for high-temperature profile control in CCUS applications.First,we synthesize a double-network hydrogel consisting of a crosslinked polyacrylamide(PAAm)network and a crosslinked sodium alginate(SA)network.The hydrogel is then sheared in water to form a pre-prepared DPG suspen-sion.To enhance its performance,the gel particles are modified by introducing potassium methylsilan-etriolate(PMS)upon CO_(2) exposure.Comparing the particle size distributions of the modified and pre-prepared DPG suspension reveals a significant swelling of gel particles,over twice their original size.Moreover,subjecting the new DPG suspension to a 100℃ environment for 24 h demonstrates that its gel particle sizes do not decrease,confirming irreversible swelling,which is a significant advantage over the traditional CO_(2)-responsive gels.Thermogravimetric analysis further indicates improved thermal sta-bility compared to the pre-prepared DPG particles.Core flooding experiments show that the new DPG suspension achieves a high plugging efficiency of 95.3%in plugging an ultra-high permeability sandpack,whereas the pre-prepared DPG suspension achieves only 82.8%.With its high swelling ratio,irreversible swelling at high temperatures,enhanced thermal stability,and superior plugging performance,the newly developed DPG suspension in this work presents a highly promising solution for profile control in high-temperature CCUS applications.展开更多
The Alkaline Thermal Treatment(ATT)of biomass is one of the few biomass conversion processes that has a potential for BECCS(bio-energy with carbon capture and storage).Combining in-situ carbon capture withcreates a ca...The Alkaline Thermal Treatment(ATT)of biomass is one of the few biomass conversion processes that has a potential for BECCS(bio-energy with carbon capture and storage).Combining in-situ carbon capture withcreates a carbon-neutral process that has the potential to be carbon-negative.This study has shown that the conversion of cellulose tosuppressedcan be achieved through the reforming of gaseous intermediates in a fixed bed of 10%Ni/ZrO2.Reforming occurs at low temperatures≤773 K,which could allow for improved sustainability.展开更多
The potential of microalgae as a biological resource for carbon capture,utilization,and storage(CCUS)has been extensively discussed.Although genetic engineering methods have been employed to improve microalgal phenoty...The potential of microalgae as a biological resource for carbon capture,utilization,and storage(CCUS)has been extensively discussed.Although genetic engineering methods have been employed to improve microalgal phenotypes,they often face challenges related to public concerns regarding genetically modified organisms.By contrast,adaptive laboratory evolution(ALE)and microbiome optimization have emerged as promising non-genetic modification strategies,with notable success in bacterial models.In microalgae,ALE has been employed to improve resilience against varying environmental and stress factors and increase carbon capture efficiency,and for the production of valuable bioproducts through gradual accumulation of beneficial mutations following manual or automated selection.Furthermore,advancements in the understanding of microbial symbiotic relationships in the phycosphere have facilitated microbiome optimization in microalgal cultivation systems,significantly improving their functionality and productivity.In this study,we provide a comprehensive overview of the latest advancements in ALE and microbiome optimization of microalgae for CCUS across different carbon emission scenarios,including flue gas,biogas,wastewater,and landfill leachate.We further discuss the current challenges and future directions for the integration of ALE with microbiome optimization,focusing on the potential synergies of these methodologies.Overall,ALE and microbiome optimization are promising approaches to direct microalgae for environmental and industrial CCUS applications,thereby reducing global carbon emissions and addressing climate change challenges.展开更多
Present industrial decarbonization technologies require an active CO_(2)-concentration system,often based on lime reaction or amine binding reactions,which is energy intensive and carries a high CO_(2)-footprint.Here ...Present industrial decarbonization technologies require an active CO_(2)-concentration system,often based on lime reaction or amine binding reactions,which is energy intensive and carries a high CO_(2)-footprint.Here instead,an effective process without active CO_(2)concentration is demonstrated in a new process-termed IC2CNT(Insulationdiffusion facilitated CO_(2) to Carbon Nanomaterial Technology)decarbonization process.Molten carbonates such as Li_(2)CO_(3)(mp 723℃)are highly insoluble to industrial feed gas principal components(N2,O_(2),and H2O).However,CO_(2) can readily dissolve and react in molten carbonates.We have recently characterized high CO_(2) diffusion rates through porous aluminosilicate and calcium-magnesium silicate thermal insulations.Here,the CO_(2) in ambient feed gas passes through these membranes into molten Li_(2)CO_(3).The membrane also concurrently insulates the feed gas from the hot molten carbonate chamber,obviating the need to heat the(non-CO_(2))majority of the feed gas to high temperature.In this insulation facilitated decarbonization process CO_(2)is split by electrolysis in the molten carbonate producing sequestered,high-purity carbon nanomaterials(such as CNTs)and O_(2).展开更多
Carbon neutrality(or climate neutrality)has been a global consensus,and international experience exchange is essential.Given the differences in the degree of social development,resource endowment and technological lev...Carbon neutrality(or climate neutrality)has been a global consensus,and international experience exchange is essential.Given the differences in the degree of social development,resource endowment and technological level,each country should build a carbon-neutral plan based on its national conditions.Compared with other major developed countries(e.g.,Germany,the United States and Japan),China's carbon neutrality has much bigger challenges,including a heavy and time-pressured carbon reduction task and the current energy structure that is over-dependent on fossil fuels.Here we provide a comprehensive review of the status and prospects of the key technologies for low-carbon,near-zero carbon,and negative carbon emissions.Technological innovations associated with coal,oil-gas and hydrogen industries and their future potential in reducing carbon emissions are particularly explained and assessed.Based on integrated analysis of international experience from the world's major developed countries,in-depth knowledge of the current and future technologies,and China's energy and ecological resources potential,five lessons for the implementation of China's carbon neutrality are proposed:(1)transformation of energy production pattern from a coal-dominated pattern to a diversified renewable energy pattern;(2)renewable power-to-X and large-scale underground energy storage;(3)integration of green hydrogen production,storage,transport and utilization;(4)construction of clean energy systems based on smart sector coupling(ENSYSCO);(5)improvement of ecosystem carbon sinks both in nationwide forest land and potential desert in Northwest China.This paper provides an international perspective for a better understanding of the challenges and opportunities of carbon neutrality in China,and can serve as a theoretical foundation for medium-long term carbon neutral policy formulation.展开更多
Geothermal energy is a kind of renewable,sustainable and clean energy resource.Geothermal energy is abundant in carbonate reservoirs.However,low matrix permeability limits its exploitation.The super-critical carbon di...Geothermal energy is a kind of renewable,sustainable and clean energy resource.Geothermal energy is abundant in carbonate reservoirs.However,low matrix permeability limits its exploitation.The super-critical carbon dioxide(SC-CO_(2))jet fracturing is expected to efficiently stimulate the carbonate geothermal reservoirs and achieve the storage of CO_(2) simultaneously.In this paper,we established a transient seepage and fluid-thermo-mechanical coupled model to analyze the impact performance of sc-CO_(2) jet fracturing.The mesh-based parallel code coupling interface was employed to couple the fluid and solid domains by exchanging the data through the mesh interface.The physical properties change of sC-CO_(2) with temperature were considered in the numerical model.Results showed that SC-CO_(2) jet frac-turing is superior to water-jet fracturing with respect to jetting velocity,particle trajectory and pene-trability.Besides,stress distribution on the carbonate rock showed that the tensile and shear failure would more easily occur by SC-CO_(2) jet than that by water jet.Moreover,pressure and temperature control the jet field and seepage field of sC-CO_(2) simultaneously.Increasing the jet temperature can effectively enhance the impingement effect and seepage process by decreasing the viscosity and density of SC-CO_(2).The key findings are expected to provide a theoretical basis and design reference for applying SC-CO_(2) jet fracturing in carbonate geothermal reservoirs.展开更多
Carbon Capture and Storage(CCS)or Carbon Capture,Utilization,and Storage(CCUS)can be integrated with traditional energy sources for significant carbon reduction,serving as a crucial technological option and driver for...Carbon Capture and Storage(CCS)or Carbon Capture,Utilization,and Storage(CCUS)can be integrated with traditional energy sources for significant carbon reduction,serving as a crucial technological option and driver for achieving carbon neutrality.Given China’s coal-based energy structure,developing CCS/CCUS is essential for the country’s energy transition.Currently,the development of CCS/CCUS in China is at an early stage,with many shortcomings that need to be addressed:low technological maturity and integration,a lack of top-level design and macro planning,a weak foundation for commercialization,including market mechanisms,policy incentives,and infrastructure,unclear business modes for large-scale projects,and gaps in legal frameworks and standardization.These factors collectively hinder the large-scale development of CCS/CCUS.To achieve this,it is recommended that at the national level,the opportunity for the energy transition be seized through comprehensive policy planning and top-level design.A systematic policy framework should be introduced to stimulate industrial development,complemented by the enhancement of legal frameworks and technical standards.Proactive measures should be taken in pipeline planning,and clear priorities must be set for technological innovation.The carbon trading market and carbon tax mechanisms should be enriched and refined.A concerted effort is required to create a commercial environment conducive to the rapid development of CCS/CCUS.展开更多
The discovery,advances,and industrial-scale up of a unique electrochemical decarbonization chemistry,which sequesters carbon dioxide to mitigate the existential threat of planetary climate change,are presented.C2CNT■...The discovery,advances,and industrial-scale up of a unique electrochemical decarbonization chemistry,which sequesters carbon dioxide to mitigate the existential threat of planetary climate change,are presented.C2CNT■(CO_(2) to Carbon NanoTechnology)is the transition metal nucleated electrolytic splitting of CO_(2) by its trans-formation into a wide range of Graphene NanoCarbon allotropes,C_(GNC),CO_(2)→C_(GNC)+O_(2),such as carbon nanotubes and carbon nano-onions.The original 2015 C2CNT 0.0005 m2 electrode process has been scaled to larger than meter-square area electrodes and used in a series of 100 tonne annual CO_(2) removal industrial Genesis Device modules.The pathway to a further scale-up to a series of 1000 tonne decarbonization placed in series and forming a megaton annual C2CNT decarbonization plant is illustrated.展开更多
The promotion of deep decarbonization in the cement industry is crucial for mitigating global climate change,a key component of which is carbon capture,utilization,and storage(CCUS)technology.Despite its importance,th...The promotion of deep decarbonization in the cement industry is crucial for mitigating global climate change,a key component of which is carbon capture,utilization,and storage(CCUS)technology.Despite its importance,there is a lack of empirical assessments of early opportunities for CCUS implementation in the cement sector.In this study,a comprehensive onshore and offshore source–sink matching optimization assessment framework for CCUS retrofitting in the cement industry,called the SSM-Cement framework,is proposed.The framework comprises four main modules:the cement plant suitability screening module,the storage site assessment module,the source–sink matching optimization model module,and the economic assessment module.By applying this framework to China,919 candidates are initially screened from 1132 existing cement plants.Further,603 CCUS-ready cement plants are identified,and are found to achieve a cumulative emission reduction of 18.5 Gt CO_(2) from 2030 to 2060 by meeting the CCUS feasibility conditions for constructing both onshore and offshore CO_(2) transportation routes.The levelized cost of cement(LCOC)is found to range from 30 to 96(mean 73)USD·(t cement)^(-1),while the levelized carbon avoidance cost(LCAC)ranges from^(-5) to 140(mean 88)USD·(t CO_(2))^(-1).The northeastern and northwestern regions of China are considered priority areas for CCUS implementation,with the LCAC concentrated in the range of 35 to 70 USD·(t CO_(2))^(-1).In addition to onshore storage of 15.8 Gt CO_(2) from 2030 to 2060,offshore storage would contribute 2.7 Gt of decarbonization for coastal cement plants,with comparable LCACs around 90 USD·(t CO_(2))^(-1).展开更多
The decarbonization of the built environment is a pressing issue to achieve CO_(2)reduction targets in the concrete industry.Carbon mineralization of construction and demolition waste(C&DW)is an attractive pathway...The decarbonization of the built environment is a pressing issue to achieve CO_(2)reduction targets in the concrete industry.Carbon mineralization of construction and demolition waste(C&DW)is an attractive pathway to capture of CO_(2)as stable carbonates which can be re-utilized and upcycled in a circularized fashion through the creation of new building blocks.Material recovery from the C&DW is often performed in hydrometallurgical leaching using acidic media;however,this process is often hindered by solubility issues and passivation.To ensure high recoveries of these elements,ligands can be used to enhance dissolution.Carboxylic acids are used in conventional hydrometallurgical mineral processing,such as leaching,floatation,and solvent extraction,and are desired due to their affordability and stability.In this study,we explore the dissolution of waste cement pastes in acidic conditions under the presence of four carboxylic acid ligands:formate,acetate,glutamate,and citrate.The leaching kinetics are categorized and the pseudo-rate constants are established,demonstrating the advantages of these agents to enhance reaction rates in the general order of citrate⋙formate>acetate>glutamate>control.The characterization of the post-extraction reactor residue(PERR)revealed a significant increase in Si-content.Finally,the leachate was carbonated to produce calcium carbonate,which was characterized for its use based on morphology and size.Glutamate demonstrated distinct advantages compared to other ligands,with a dual function of not only improving leachability of cement but promoting and stabilizing vaterite during crystallization.Overall,this study motivates the use of sustainable ligands to enhance material recovery during the dissolution of alkaline wastes for carbon mineralization.展开更多
Coal is the dominant primary energy source in China and the major source of greenhouse gases and air pollutants. To facilitate the use of coal in an environmentally satisfactory and economically viable way, clean coal...Coal is the dominant primary energy source in China and the major source of greenhouse gases and air pollutants. To facilitate the use of coal in an environmentally satisfactory and economically viable way, clean coal technologies （CCTs） are necessary. This paper presents a review of recent research and development of four kinds of CCTs： coal power generation; coal conversion; pollution control; and carbon capture, utilization, and storage. It also outlines future perspectives on directions for technology re search and development （R＆D）. This review shows that China has made remarkable progress in the R＆D of CCTs, and that a number of CCTs have now entered into the commercialization stage.展开更多
Carbon capture,utilization and storage(CCUS)technologies play an essential role in achieving Net Zero Emissions targets.Considering the lack of timely reviews on the recent advancements in promising CCUS technologies,...Carbon capture,utilization and storage(CCUS)technologies play an essential role in achieving Net Zero Emissions targets.Considering the lack of timely reviews on the recent advancements in promising CCUS technologies,it is crucial to provide a prompt review of the CCUS advances to understand the current research gaps pertained to its industrial application.To that end,this review first summarized the developmental history of CCUS technologies and the current large-scale demonstrations.Then,based on a visually bibliometric analysis,the carbon capture remains a hotspot in the CCUS development.Noting that the materials applied in the carbon capture process determines its performance.As a result,the state-of-the-art carbon capture materials and emerging capture technologies were comprehensively summarized and discussed.Gaps between state-of-art carbon capture process and its ideal counterpart are analyzed,and insights into the research needs such as material design,process optimization,environmental impact,and technical and economic assessments are provided.展开更多
It is hypothesized and demonstrated that thermal insulation membranes can provide an effective barrier to heat flow and simultaneously facilitate effective CO_(2)diffusion.Decarbonization technology often requires a C...It is hypothesized and demonstrated that thermal insulation membranes can provide an effective barrier to heat flow and simultaneously facilitate effective CO_(2)diffusion.Decarbonization technology often requires a CO_(2)concentration system,often based on amine binding or lime reaction,which is energy intensive and carries a high carbon footprint.Alternatively,C2CNT electrolytic molten carbonate decarbonization does not require CO_(2)pre-concentration and also provides a useful product(graphene nanocarbons)from the captured CO_(2).Here,a method of effective CO_(2)diffusion is demonstrated that simultaneously thermally insulates the decarbonization source gas from the high-temperature C2CNT system.Open pore,low-density,thermal insulations are implemented as membranes that facilitate effective CO_(2)diffusion for high-temperature decarbonization.Selected,high-temperature,strongly thermal insulating,silica composites are measured with porosities,,exceeding 0.9(>90%porosity),and which display,as measured by SEM,large open channels facilitating CO_(2)diffusion.A derived and experimentally verified estimate for the CO_(2)diffusion constant through these membranes is DM-porous=ε^(3/2)DCO_(2),where DCO_(2)is the diffusion constant in air.DM-porous is applicable to a wide-range of CO_(2)concentrations both in the air and N2.The CO_(2)diffusion constant is translated to the equivalent decarbonization system mole influx of CO_(2)and shown capable of sustaining high rates of CO_(2)removal.Combined with the strong electrolyte affinity for CO_(2)compared to N_(2),O_(2),or H_(2)O,the system comprises a framework for decarbonization without pre-concentration of CO_(2).展开更多
Facing the global warming trend,humanity has been paying more and more attention to the Carbon Capture,Utilization and Storage.Large amounts of CO_(2)is emitted with burning fossil fuel as well as by some special indu...Facing the global warming trend,humanity has been paying more and more attention to the Carbon Capture,Utilization and Storage.Large amounts of CO_(2)is emitted with burning fossil fuel as well as by some special industrial processes like the decomposition of calcium carbonate in a cement plant.The cement industry contributes about 7%of the total worldwide CO_(2)emissions and the CO_(2)concentration of flue gas of the cement kiln tail even exceeds 30%.Ionic liquid is considered to be an effective and potential material to capture CO_(2).In order to investigate the performance of ionic liquids for capturing CO_(2)from flue gas of the cement kiln tail,an experiment system was established and an ionic liquid,[APMIm][NTf_(2)](1-aminopropyl-3-imidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imine),was tested using pure CO_(2)and simulated gas.The results showed that both physical and chemical absorption play roles while physical absorption dominates in the absorption process.Both the absorption capacity and rate decrease with raising the operating temperature.In the experiment with pure CO_(2),the absorption capacity is 0.296molCO_(2)⋅molIL−1 at 30℃ and 0.067molCO_(2)⋅molIL−1 at 70℃.Meanwhile,the ionic liquid can be regenerated for recycling without obvious changes of the absorption capacity.When the ionic liquid is used for flue gas of the cement kiln tail rather than pure CO_(2),a sharp decrease of the absorption capacity and rate was observed obviously.The absorption capacity at 30℃ dropped even to 0.038molCO_(2)⋅mol_(IL)^(−1),12.8%of that for pure CO_(2).Additionally,a natural desorption of CO_(2)from the ionic liquid was observed and affected the experimental results of the absorption capacity and the absorption-desorption rate to some extent.展开更多
基金the financial support from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFE0206700)the Science Foundation of China University of Petroleum,Beijing(2462021YJRC012).
文摘Carbon capture,utilization,and storage(CCUS)represents a critical technological pathway for global car-bon emission reduction.CCUS-enhanced oil recovery(EOR)technology is the most feasible CCUS technol-ogy demonstrating dual benefits of enhanced energy production and carbon reduction.This study comprehensively described the key influencing factors governing CO_(2)-EOR and geological storage and systematically analyzed reservoir properties,fluid characteristics,and operational parameters.The mech-anisms of these parameters on EOR versus CO_(2) storage performance were investigated throughout CCUS-EOR processes.This paper proposes a coupled two-stage CCUS-EOR process:CO_(2)-EOR storage stage and long-term CO_(2) storage stage after the CO_(2) injection phase is completed.In each stage,the main control factors impacting the CO_(2)-EOR and storage stages are screened and coupled with rigorous technical anal-ysis.The key factors here are reservoir properties,fluid characteristics,and operational parameter.A novel CCUS-EOR synergistic method was proposed to optimize the lifecycle performance of dual objective of EOR and storage.Furthermore,based on multi-objective optimization,considering the lifecycle,a multi-scale techno-economic evaluation method was proposed to fully assess the CCUS-EOR project per-formance.Finally,a set of recommendations for advancing CCUS-EOR technologies by deploying multi-factor/multi-field coupling methodologies,novel green intelligent injection materials,and artificial intel-ligence/machine learning technologies were visited.
基金Lin Du acknowledges the financial support provided by China Scholarship Council(CSC)via a Ph.D.Scholarship(202008510128)supported by Core Technology Project of China National Petroleum Corporation(CNPC)"Research on Thermal Miscible Flooding Technology"(2023ZG18)。
文摘CO_(2)-responsive gels,which swell upon contact with CO_(2),are widely used for profile control to plug high-permeability gas flow channels in carbon capture,utilization,and storage(CCUS)applications in oil reser-voirs.However,the use of these gels in high-temperature CCUS applications is limited due to their rever-sible swelling behavior at elevated temperatures.In this study,a novel dispersed particle gel(DPG)suspension is developed for high-temperature profile control in CCUS applications.First,we synthesize a double-network hydrogel consisting of a crosslinked polyacrylamide(PAAm)network and a crosslinked sodium alginate(SA)network.The hydrogel is then sheared in water to form a pre-prepared DPG suspen-sion.To enhance its performance,the gel particles are modified by introducing potassium methylsilan-etriolate(PMS)upon CO_(2) exposure.Comparing the particle size distributions of the modified and pre-prepared DPG suspension reveals a significant swelling of gel particles,over twice their original size.Moreover,subjecting the new DPG suspension to a 100℃ environment for 24 h demonstrates that its gel particle sizes do not decrease,confirming irreversible swelling,which is a significant advantage over the traditional CO_(2)-responsive gels.Thermogravimetric analysis further indicates improved thermal sta-bility compared to the pre-prepared DPG particles.Core flooding experiments show that the new DPG suspension achieves a high plugging efficiency of 95.3%in plugging an ultra-high permeability sandpack,whereas the pre-prepared DPG suspension achieves only 82.8%.With its high swelling ratio,irreversible swelling at high temperatures,enhanced thermal stability,and superior plugging performance,the newly developed DPG suspension in this work presents a highly promising solution for profile control in high-temperature CCUS applications.
文摘The Alkaline Thermal Treatment(ATT)of biomass is one of the few biomass conversion processes that has a potential for BECCS(bio-energy with carbon capture and storage).Combining in-situ carbon capture withcreates a carbon-neutral process that has the potential to be carbon-negative.This study has shown that the conversion of cellulose tosuppressedcan be achieved through the reforming of gaseous intermediates in a fixed bed of 10%Ni/ZrO2.Reforming occurs at low temperatures≤773 K,which could allow for improved sustainability.
基金supported by the James Albrecht Graduate Student Fellowship for Z.He,and J.Wang at the Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology(IMET),the University System of Maryland and the DOE Office of Fossil Energy and Carbon Management(FE-0031914 and FE-0032188).
文摘The potential of microalgae as a biological resource for carbon capture,utilization,and storage(CCUS)has been extensively discussed.Although genetic engineering methods have been employed to improve microalgal phenotypes,they often face challenges related to public concerns regarding genetically modified organisms.By contrast,adaptive laboratory evolution(ALE)and microbiome optimization have emerged as promising non-genetic modification strategies,with notable success in bacterial models.In microalgae,ALE has been employed to improve resilience against varying environmental and stress factors and increase carbon capture efficiency,and for the production of valuable bioproducts through gradual accumulation of beneficial mutations following manual or automated selection.Furthermore,advancements in the understanding of microbial symbiotic relationships in the phycosphere have facilitated microbiome optimization in microalgal cultivation systems,significantly improving their functionality and productivity.In this study,we provide a comprehensive overview of the latest advancements in ALE and microbiome optimization of microalgae for CCUS across different carbon emission scenarios,including flue gas,biogas,wastewater,and landfill leachate.We further discuss the current challenges and future directions for the integration of ALE with microbiome optimization,focusing on the potential synergies of these methodologies.Overall,ALE and microbiome optimization are promising approaches to direct microalgae for environmental and industrial CCUS applications,thereby reducing global carbon emissions and addressing climate change challenges.
文摘Present industrial decarbonization technologies require an active CO_(2)-concentration system,often based on lime reaction or amine binding reactions,which is energy intensive and carries a high CO_(2)-footprint.Here instead,an effective process without active CO_(2)concentration is demonstrated in a new process-termed IC2CNT(Insulationdiffusion facilitated CO_(2) to Carbon Nanomaterial Technology)decarbonization process.Molten carbonates such as Li_(2)CO_(3)(mp 723℃)are highly insoluble to industrial feed gas principal components(N2,O_(2),and H2O).However,CO_(2) can readily dissolve and react in molten carbonates.We have recently characterized high CO_(2) diffusion rates through porous aluminosilicate and calcium-magnesium silicate thermal insulations.Here,the CO_(2) in ambient feed gas passes through these membranes into molten Li_(2)CO_(3).The membrane also concurrently insulates the feed gas from the hot molten carbonate chamber,obviating the need to heat the(non-CO_(2))majority of the feed gas to high temperature.In this insulation facilitated decarbonization process CO_(2)is split by electrolysis in the molten carbonate producing sequestered,high-purity carbon nanomaterials(such as CNTs)and O_(2).
基金supported by the Henan Institute for Chinese Development Strategy of Engineering&Technology(Grant No.2022HENZDA02)by the Science&Technology Department of Sichuan Province Project(Grant No.2021YFH0010).
文摘Carbon neutrality(or climate neutrality)has been a global consensus,and international experience exchange is essential.Given the differences in the degree of social development,resource endowment and technological level,each country should build a carbon-neutral plan based on its national conditions.Compared with other major developed countries(e.g.,Germany,the United States and Japan),China's carbon neutrality has much bigger challenges,including a heavy and time-pressured carbon reduction task and the current energy structure that is over-dependent on fossil fuels.Here we provide a comprehensive review of the status and prospects of the key technologies for low-carbon,near-zero carbon,and negative carbon emissions.Technological innovations associated with coal,oil-gas and hydrogen industries and their future potential in reducing carbon emissions are particularly explained and assessed.Based on integrated analysis of international experience from the world's major developed countries,in-depth knowledge of the current and future technologies,and China's energy and ecological resources potential,five lessons for the implementation of China's carbon neutrality are proposed:(1)transformation of energy production pattern from a coal-dominated pattern to a diversified renewable energy pattern;(2)renewable power-to-X and large-scale underground energy storage;(3)integration of green hydrogen production,storage,transport and utilization;(4)construction of clean energy systems based on smart sector coupling(ENSYSCO);(5)improvement of ecosystem carbon sinks both in nationwide forest land and potential desert in Northwest China.This paper provides an international perspective for a better understanding of the challenges and opportunities of carbon neutrality in China,and can serve as a theoretical foundation for medium-long term carbon neutral policy formulation.
基金the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2019YFB1504102).
文摘Geothermal energy is a kind of renewable,sustainable and clean energy resource.Geothermal energy is abundant in carbonate reservoirs.However,low matrix permeability limits its exploitation.The super-critical carbon dioxide(SC-CO_(2))jet fracturing is expected to efficiently stimulate the carbonate geothermal reservoirs and achieve the storage of CO_(2) simultaneously.In this paper,we established a transient seepage and fluid-thermo-mechanical coupled model to analyze the impact performance of sc-CO_(2) jet fracturing.The mesh-based parallel code coupling interface was employed to couple the fluid and solid domains by exchanging the data through the mesh interface.The physical properties change of sC-CO_(2) with temperature were considered in the numerical model.Results showed that SC-CO_(2) jet frac-turing is superior to water-jet fracturing with respect to jetting velocity,particle trajectory and pene-trability.Besides,stress distribution on the carbonate rock showed that the tensile and shear failure would more easily occur by SC-CO_(2) jet than that by water jet.Moreover,pressure and temperature control the jet field and seepage field of sC-CO_(2) simultaneously.Increasing the jet temperature can effectively enhance the impingement effect and seepage process by decreasing the viscosity and density of SC-CO_(2).The key findings are expected to provide a theoretical basis and design reference for applying SC-CO_(2) jet fracturing in carbonate geothermal reservoirs.
基金the General Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China,“Research on the Method of CO_(2) Technology Economic Evaluation Based on Net Energy and Carbon Input-Output”(72274212).
文摘Carbon Capture and Storage(CCS)or Carbon Capture,Utilization,and Storage(CCUS)can be integrated with traditional energy sources for significant carbon reduction,serving as a crucial technological option and driver for achieving carbon neutrality.Given China’s coal-based energy structure,developing CCS/CCUS is essential for the country’s energy transition.Currently,the development of CCS/CCUS in China is at an early stage,with many shortcomings that need to be addressed:low technological maturity and integration,a lack of top-level design and macro planning,a weak foundation for commercialization,including market mechanisms,policy incentives,and infrastructure,unclear business modes for large-scale projects,and gaps in legal frameworks and standardization.These factors collectively hinder the large-scale development of CCS/CCUS.To achieve this,it is recommended that at the national level,the opportunity for the energy transition be seized through comprehensive policy planning and top-level design.A systematic policy framework should be introduced to stimulate industrial development,complemented by the enhancement of legal frameworks and technical standards.Proactive measures should be taken in pipeline planning,and clear priorities must be set for technological innovation.The carbon trading market and carbon tax mechanisms should be enriched and refined.A concerted effort is required to create a commercial environment conducive to the rapid development of CCS/CCUS.
文摘The discovery,advances,and industrial-scale up of a unique electrochemical decarbonization chemistry,which sequesters carbon dioxide to mitigate the existential threat of planetary climate change,are presented.C2CNT■(CO_(2) to Carbon NanoTechnology)is the transition metal nucleated electrolytic splitting of CO_(2) by its trans-formation into a wide range of Graphene NanoCarbon allotropes,C_(GNC),CO_(2)→C_(GNC)+O_(2),such as carbon nanotubes and carbon nano-onions.The original 2015 C2CNT 0.0005 m2 electrode process has been scaled to larger than meter-square area electrodes and used in a series of 100 tonne annual CO_(2) removal industrial Genesis Device modules.The pathway to a further scale-up to a series of 1000 tonne decarbonization placed in series and forming a megaton annual C2CNT decarbonization plant is illustrated.
基金financial support of National Natural Science Foundation of China(72174196 and 71874193)the Open Fund of State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Safe Mining(SKLCRSM21KFA05)National Program for Support of Top-Notch Young Professionals.
文摘The promotion of deep decarbonization in the cement industry is crucial for mitigating global climate change,a key component of which is carbon capture,utilization,and storage(CCUS)technology.Despite its importance,there is a lack of empirical assessments of early opportunities for CCUS implementation in the cement sector.In this study,a comprehensive onshore and offshore source–sink matching optimization assessment framework for CCUS retrofitting in the cement industry,called the SSM-Cement framework,is proposed.The framework comprises four main modules:the cement plant suitability screening module,the storage site assessment module,the source–sink matching optimization model module,and the economic assessment module.By applying this framework to China,919 candidates are initially screened from 1132 existing cement plants.Further,603 CCUS-ready cement plants are identified,and are found to achieve a cumulative emission reduction of 18.5 Gt CO_(2) from 2030 to 2060 by meeting the CCUS feasibility conditions for constructing both onshore and offshore CO_(2) transportation routes.The levelized cost of cement(LCOC)is found to range from 30 to 96(mean 73)USD·(t cement)^(-1),while the levelized carbon avoidance cost(LCAC)ranges from^(-5) to 140(mean 88)USD·(t CO_(2))^(-1).The northeastern and northwestern regions of China are considered priority areas for CCUS implementation,with the LCAC concentrated in the range of 35 to 70 USD·(t CO_(2))^(-1).In addition to onshore storage of 15.8 Gt CO_(2) from 2030 to 2060,offshore storage would contribute 2.7 Gt of decarbonization for coastal cement plants,with comparable LCACs around 90 USD·(t CO_(2))^(-1).
基金supported by the New York State Energy Research&Development Authority(NYSERDA,Albany,New York)Agreement Number:0000185059the Lenfest Center for Sustainable Energy(Columbia University,New York,New York).
文摘The decarbonization of the built environment is a pressing issue to achieve CO_(2)reduction targets in the concrete industry.Carbon mineralization of construction and demolition waste(C&DW)is an attractive pathway to capture of CO_(2)as stable carbonates which can be re-utilized and upcycled in a circularized fashion through the creation of new building blocks.Material recovery from the C&DW is often performed in hydrometallurgical leaching using acidic media;however,this process is often hindered by solubility issues and passivation.To ensure high recoveries of these elements,ligands can be used to enhance dissolution.Carboxylic acids are used in conventional hydrometallurgical mineral processing,such as leaching,floatation,and solvent extraction,and are desired due to their affordability and stability.In this study,we explore the dissolution of waste cement pastes in acidic conditions under the presence of four carboxylic acid ligands:formate,acetate,glutamate,and citrate.The leaching kinetics are categorized and the pseudo-rate constants are established,demonstrating the advantages of these agents to enhance reaction rates in the general order of citrate⋙formate>acetate>glutamate>control.The characterization of the post-extraction reactor residue(PERR)revealed a significant increase in Si-content.Finally,the leachate was carbonated to produce calcium carbonate,which was characterized for its use based on morphology and size.Glutamate demonstrated distinct advantages compared to other ligands,with a dual function of not only improving leachability of cement but promoting and stabilizing vaterite during crystallization.Overall,this study motivates the use of sustainable ligands to enhance material recovery during the dissolution of alkaline wastes for carbon mineralization.
基金Acknowledgements The authors gratefully acknowledge the funding support from the National Key Basic Research Program of China （2013CB228500）, the National Natural Science Foundation of Chi- na （71203119）, and the Advanced Coal Technology Consortium of CERC （2016YFE0102500）.
文摘Coal is the dominant primary energy source in China and the major source of greenhouse gases and air pollutants. To facilitate the use of coal in an environmentally satisfactory and economically viable way, clean coal technologies （CCTs） are necessary. This paper presents a review of recent research and development of four kinds of CCTs： coal power generation; coal conversion; pollution control; and carbon capture, utilization, and storage. It also outlines future perspectives on directions for technology re search and development （R＆D）. This review shows that China has made remarkable progress in the R＆D of CCTs, and that a number of CCTs have now entered into the commercialization stage.
基金supported by the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.LDT23E0601)the“Pioneer”and“Leading Goose”R&D Program of Zhejiang(China)(No.2022C03146)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U23A20677 and 22022610)the National Funded Postdoctoral Researcher Program of China(No.GZC20232363).
文摘Carbon capture,utilization and storage(CCUS)technologies play an essential role in achieving Net Zero Emissions targets.Considering the lack of timely reviews on the recent advancements in promising CCUS technologies,it is crucial to provide a prompt review of the CCUS advances to understand the current research gaps pertained to its industrial application.To that end,this review first summarized the developmental history of CCUS technologies and the current large-scale demonstrations.Then,based on a visually bibliometric analysis,the carbon capture remains a hotspot in the CCUS development.Noting that the materials applied in the carbon capture process determines its performance.As a result,the state-of-the-art carbon capture materials and emerging capture technologies were comprehensively summarized and discussed.Gaps between state-of-art carbon capture process and its ideal counterpart are analyzed,and insights into the research needs such as material design,process optimization,environmental impact,and technical and economic assessments are provided.
文摘It is hypothesized and demonstrated that thermal insulation membranes can provide an effective barrier to heat flow and simultaneously facilitate effective CO_(2)diffusion.Decarbonization technology often requires a CO_(2)concentration system,often based on amine binding or lime reaction,which is energy intensive and carries a high carbon footprint.Alternatively,C2CNT electrolytic molten carbonate decarbonization does not require CO_(2)pre-concentration and also provides a useful product(graphene nanocarbons)from the captured CO_(2).Here,a method of effective CO_(2)diffusion is demonstrated that simultaneously thermally insulates the decarbonization source gas from the high-temperature C2CNT system.Open pore,low-density,thermal insulations are implemented as membranes that facilitate effective CO_(2)diffusion for high-temperature decarbonization.Selected,high-temperature,strongly thermal insulating,silica composites are measured with porosities,,exceeding 0.9(>90%porosity),and which display,as measured by SEM,large open channels facilitating CO_(2)diffusion.A derived and experimentally verified estimate for the CO_(2)diffusion constant through these membranes is DM-porous=ε^(3/2)DCO_(2),where DCO_(2)is the diffusion constant in air.DM-porous is applicable to a wide-range of CO_(2)concentrations both in the air and N2.The CO_(2)diffusion constant is translated to the equivalent decarbonization system mole influx of CO_(2)and shown capable of sustaining high rates of CO_(2)removal.Combined with the strong electrolyte affinity for CO_(2)compared to N_(2),O_(2),or H_(2)O,the system comprises a framework for decarbonization without pre-concentration of CO_(2).
基金Project 2016YFB0601504 supported by National Key R&D Program of China is gratefully acknowledged.The authors are also grateful for the help about the NMR test from Dr.WAN Qiang in Institute of Chemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences.
文摘Facing the global warming trend,humanity has been paying more and more attention to the Carbon Capture,Utilization and Storage.Large amounts of CO_(2)is emitted with burning fossil fuel as well as by some special industrial processes like the decomposition of calcium carbonate in a cement plant.The cement industry contributes about 7%of the total worldwide CO_(2)emissions and the CO_(2)concentration of flue gas of the cement kiln tail even exceeds 30%.Ionic liquid is considered to be an effective and potential material to capture CO_(2).In order to investigate the performance of ionic liquids for capturing CO_(2)from flue gas of the cement kiln tail,an experiment system was established and an ionic liquid,[APMIm][NTf_(2)](1-aminopropyl-3-imidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imine),was tested using pure CO_(2)and simulated gas.The results showed that both physical and chemical absorption play roles while physical absorption dominates in the absorption process.Both the absorption capacity and rate decrease with raising the operating temperature.In the experiment with pure CO_(2),the absorption capacity is 0.296molCO_(2)⋅molIL−1 at 30℃ and 0.067molCO_(2)⋅molIL−1 at 70℃.Meanwhile,the ionic liquid can be regenerated for recycling without obvious changes of the absorption capacity.When the ionic liquid is used for flue gas of the cement kiln tail rather than pure CO_(2),a sharp decrease of the absorption capacity and rate was observed obviously.The absorption capacity at 30℃ dropped even to 0.038molCO_(2)⋅mol_(IL)^(−1),12.8%of that for pure CO_(2).Additionally,a natural desorption of CO_(2)from the ionic liquid was observed and affected the experimental results of the absorption capacity and the absorption-desorption rate to some extent.
