Addressing climate change and facilitating the large-scale integration of renewable energy sources(RESs)have driven the development of hydrogen-coupled integrated energy systems(HIES),which enhance energy sustainabili...Addressing climate change and facilitating the large-scale integration of renewable energy sources(RESs)have driven the development of hydrogen-coupled integrated energy systems(HIES),which enhance energy sustainability through coordinated electricity,thermal,natural gas,and hydrogen utilization.This study proposes a two-stage distributionally robust optimization(DRO)-based scheduling method to improve the economic efficiency and reduce carbon emissions of HIES.The framework incorporates a ladder-type carbon trading mechanism to regulate emissions and implements a demand response(DR)program to adjustflexible multi-energy loads,thereby prioritizing RES consumption.Uncertainties from RES generation and load demand are addressed through an ambiguity set,enabling robust decision-making.The column-and-constraint generation(C&CG)algorithm efficiently solves the two-stage DRO model.Case studies demonstrate that the proposed method reduces operational costs by 3.56%,increases photovoltaic consumption rates by 5.44%,and significantly lowers carbon emissions compared to conventional approaches.Furthermore,the DRO framework achieves a superior balance between conservativeness and robustness over conventional stochastic and robust optimization methods,highlighting its potential to advance cost-effective,low-carbon energy systems while ensuring grid stability under uncertainty.展开更多
A robust scheduling optimization method for wind–fire storage system distribution based on the mixed carbon trading mechanism is proposed to improve the rationality of carbon emission quota allocation while reducing ...A robust scheduling optimization method for wind–fire storage system distribution based on the mixed carbon trading mechanism is proposed to improve the rationality of carbon emission quota allocation while reducing the instability of large-scale wind power access systems.A hybrid carbon trading mechanism that combines shortterm and long-term carbon trading is constructed,and a fuzzy set based onWasserstein measurement is proposed to address the uncertainty of wind power access.Moreover,a robust scheduling optimization method for wind–fire storage systems is formed.Results of the multi scenario comparative analysis of practical cases show that the proposed method can deal with the uncertainty of large-scale wind power access and can effectively reduce operating costs and carbon emissions.展开更多
Based on the survey of international emissions trading system （ETS） and quantitative analysis, policy suggestions on establishing a carbon ETS in China are presented in this study. Sectors sensitive to carbon prices...Based on the survey of international emissions trading system （ETS） and quantitative analysis, policy suggestions on establishing a carbon ETS in China are presented in this study. Sectors sensitive to carbon prices, e.g., the power generation sector and the iron and steel industry, are given priority to be covered by the ETS. Interregional carbon trading should be carried out as early as possible. The cap of the ETS should be based on China＇s carbon intensity reduction target with the floor carbon price for the market being set in the beginning. Suggestions on the infrastructure of ETS are also proposed, including the national wide carbon measuring, reporting, verification system building. account registration system and the legislation to national展开更多
Climate warming is one of the important environmental issues with global concern. The Bloomberg News has recorded temperature changes in the recent 135 years. As the hottest year, in 2014 the global surface temperatur...Climate warming is one of the important environmental issues with global concern. The Bloomberg News has recorded temperature changes in the recent 135 years. As the hottest year, in 2014 the global surface temperature was as high as 1.39 degrees Fahrenheit, 0.68 degrees Celsius higher than the average in long-term. The severity of this issue has been proved with the refresh of the highest record^([1]) and the increasing temperature as well as people's personal experience. There is a demand of in-depth discussion about comprehensive and efficient reduction of carbon and greenhouse gas emission and the development of low carbon economy, with garbage classification as the most efficient breach but also most easily to be neglected by people. This article attempts to find a feasible method of carbon emission reduction from the perspective of garbage classification and resource recycling and make quantitative estimation of its value combined with local practice and data in Chengdu.展开更多
The contributions of carbon reduction policies were evaluated and compared for six carbon trading pilot schemes in China, in four municipalities(Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin, and Chongqing) and two provinces(Guangdong a...The contributions of carbon reduction policies were evaluated and compared for six carbon trading pilot schemes in China, in four municipalities(Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin, and Chongqing) and two provinces(Guangdong and Hubei). The carbon emissions accounting method of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change was used to calculate the actual CO2 and the support vector machine model was used to predict CO2. Chinese carbon reduction policies abated CO2 in the six carbon trading pilot schemes after the comprehensive policies came into force. However, the contribution of policies to CO2 abatement varied among regions, and the effect of carbon reduction policy on municipality pilot schemes was greater than on provincial pilot schemes. The largest contribution of carbon reduction policy to CO2 abatement was 28.3%, for the pilot carbon trading scheme in Beijing, and the smallest contribution was 3.7%, for that in Hubei. It is crucial to consider "carbon leakage" and a carbon trading linking program in order to evaluate the effects of carbon reduction policies.展开更多
China has promised to start the national carbon trading system in 2017.In the carbon trading system,the renewable energy projects may obtain additional benefits through the Certified Carbon Emission Reduction(CCER) tr...China has promised to start the national carbon trading system in 2017.In the carbon trading system,the renewable energy projects may obtain additional benefits through the Certified Carbon Emission Reduction(CCER) trade.As the carbon price fluctuates along with the market conditions,such fluctuation enables the renewable power projects to acquire the rights of an option,i.e.it may contain an even higher value due to the uncertainties in the future.While making an investment decision,the renewable power companies may choose to make the investment immediately,or postpone the investment and accumulate more information to increase the return of investment;and for immediate investments,the return must be sufficient to exceed the potential value of a waiting option.To study the investment in renewable power projects subject to the fluctuation of carbon price,this paper adopts the trinomial tree model of real options to estimate the net present value(NPV) and real option value(ROV) of three types of renewable power projects;according to the decision-making rules of real options to defer,all the three types of projects will exercise the option to postpone the investment decision.This thesis also calculates the benchmark prices of the three types of renewable projects at different times,in the two situations of having no government subsidy and having the government subsidy,so as to determine the investment opportunity of a project.The benchmark price decreases gradually along with the increase of government subsidy,indicating that the government subsidy will stimulate the investment in renewable projects.The benchmark price also increases gradually along with the lapse of time,indicating that the uncertainty will increase together with the time span and thus requires an even higher carbon price to determine the investment opportunity.This thesis also analyzes the sensitivity of factors affecting the investment in renewable projects and draws the conclusion that the fluctuation of carbon price is positively related with the benchmark price of renewable power projects,which indicates that the fluctuation of carbon price increases the option value of an investment but postpones the time of investment.As the China's carbon trading system improves gradually,the carbon price will reach a stable status,thus stimulate the power companies to invest in the renewable projects.展开更多
Driven by the goal of“carbon neutrality”and“emission peak”,effectively controlling system carbon emissions has become significantly important to governments around the world.To this end,a novel two-stage low-carbo...Driven by the goal of“carbon neutrality”and“emission peak”,effectively controlling system carbon emissions has become significantly important to governments around the world.To this end,a novel two-stage low-carbon economic scheduling framework that considers the coordinated optimization of ladder-type carbon trading and integrated demand response(IDR)is proposed in this paper for the integrated energy system(IES),where the first stage determines the energy consumption plan of users by leveraging the price-based electrical-heat IDR.In contrast,the second stage minimizes the system total cost to optimize the outputs of generations with consideration of the uncertainty of renewables.In addition,to fully exploit the system’s emission reduction potential,a carbon trading cost model with segmented CO_(2) emission intervals is built by introducing a reward-penalty ladder-type carbon trading mechanism,and the flexible thermal comfort elasticity of customers is taken into account by putting forward a predicted mean vote index on the load side.The CPLEX optimizer resolves the two-stage model,and the study results on a modified IES situated in North China show the proposed model can effectively reduce carbon emissions and guarantee economical efficiency operation of the system.展开更多
Following China and the United States,India is the third highest CO_(2)emitter in the world.With its fast rising population and an industry primarily reliant on coal and oil,the country's emissions will continue t...Following China and the United States,India is the third highest CO_(2)emitter in the world.With its fast rising population and an industry primarily reliant on coal and oil,the country's emissions will continue to rise unless appropriate measures are taken.In India generally the carbon sequestration is done by storing CO_(2)in sedimentary basins where it gets capped by the impermeable cap rocks.The study aims to unfold the other techniques of carbon sequestration in subsurface formations,except for narrating the different types of carbon capture and sequestration techniques along with its storage in different types of environments.For instance,abiotic and biotic environments for CO_(2)sequestration.It further talks about carbon injections of oceanic,geological,and terrestrial types,to name just a few.Types of carbon emission sources are discussed too.In this paper three different approaches are described for carbon mitigation,namely CarbFix,CO_(2)Plume technology and Carbon Trading.A prefeasibility study was done in order to implement the three techniques in Dholera geothermal region in Gujarat,India.In literature review,it can be seen how the three techniques can help in permanent mitigation of captured carbon through carbonate mineralization,power generation and industrial applications.For any project government and public participation is important.In this regard the study gives a brief understanding about the steps to be taken by government and the public to promote such projects for carbon mitigation.Besides,the steps to be taken in such projects for health and risk assessment were talked about in literature review too.展开更多
Assessing the effectiveness of carbon trading policy is conducive to analyzing the existing problems and achievements at the current stage and promoting the development of the next stage, playing an important role as ...Assessing the effectiveness of carbon trading policy is conducive to analyzing the existing problems and achievements at the current stage and promoting the development of the next stage, playing an important role as a link between the preceding and the following. Through the research on carbon trading policies, we can evaluate the effectiveness of carbon trading policies by selecting two indicators, namely, the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions per unit GDP and the energy consumption per unit GDP, and point out the shortcomings of carbon trading policies at this stage through evaluation and analysis, so as to provide reference for improving the effectiveness of carbon trading policies.展开更多
Climate change is currently the biggest environmental challenge facing sustainable development in human society,and an inherent requirement for achieving sustainable development is actively addressing climate change.U...Climate change is currently the biggest environmental challenge facing sustainable development in human society,and an inherent requirement for achieving sustainable development is actively addressing climate change.Under the increasingly strict constraints of climate governance,developed countries such as the United States,European Union countries,and Japan have responded and actively formulated low-carbon development goals and policy measures that are in line with their national conditions.These policies mainly involve various fields such as low-carbon technology,energy conservation and emission reduction,and circular development,with clear policy guidance.In this paper,the evolution of policies on marine carbon sink and carbon trading in developed countries such as the United States and Europe is summarized,providing support for a better understanding of the background of international and domestic policy formulation.展开更多
Climate change is currently the biggest environmental challenge facing sustainable development in human society,and it is an inherent requirement for achieving sustainable development by actively addressing climate ch...Climate change is currently the biggest environmental challenge facing sustainable development in human society,and it is an inherent requirement for achieving sustainable development by actively addressing climate change.Under the increasingly strict constraints of climate governance,developed countries such as the United States,European Union countries,and Japan have responded and actively formulated low-carbon development goals and policy measures that are in line with their national conditions.These policies mainly involve various fields such as low-carbon technology,energy conservation and emission reduction,and circular development,with clear policy guidance.In this paper,the evolution of policies on marine carbon sink and carbon trading in China is summarized,providing support for better understanding the background of formulating relevant international and domestic policies.展开更多
To achieve low-carbon economic operation of hydrogen-doped integrated energy systems while mitigating the stochastic impact of new energy outputs on the system,the coordinated operation mode of hydrogen-doped gas turb...To achieve low-carbon economic operation of hydrogen-doped integrated energy systems while mitigating the stochastic impact of new energy outputs on the system,the coordinated operation mode of hydrogen-doped gas turbines and electrolyzers is focused on,as well as a hybrid energy storage scheme involving both hydrogen and heat storage and an optimized scheduling model for integrated energy systems encompassing electricity-hydrogen-heat-cooling conversions is established.A model predictive control strategy based on deep learning prediction and feedback is proposed,and the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed strategy are demonstrated using error penalty coefficients.Moreover,the introduction of hydrogen energy exchange and ladder carbon trading is shown to effectively guide the low-carbon economic operation of hydrogen-doped integrated energy systems across multiple typical scenarios.A sensitivity analysis is conducted based on this framework,revealing that increases in the hydrogen doping ratio of turbines and the carbon base price led to higher system operation costs but effectively reduce carbon emissions.展开更多
Objective To provide effective decision making for the subsidy policies given by the government to pharmaceutical enterprises and the coordination model adopted by pharmaceutical stakeholders under the carbon emission...Objective To provide effective decision making for the subsidy policies given by the government to pharmaceutical enterprises and the coordination model adopted by pharmaceutical stakeholders under the carbon emission trading policy.Methods The Stackelberg model was used to discuss the optimal profits of each member and the whole supply chain under different decision-making models while considering the technical capacity of emission reduction and cost sharing contract.Based on this,the impact of the combined contract decisionmaking model on the technical efforts of drug manufacturers to reduce carbon emission,the profits of supply chain members and the overall profits of supply chain was investigated.Results and Conclusion Research has found that improving the research and development efforts of emission reduction technologies by pharmaceutical enterprises can increase drug sales and enhance the expected profits of pharmaceutical supply chain members.The members of the secondary pharmaceutical supply chain can achieve the optimal expected profit when reaching cooperation.Besides,when the cost sharing contract and quantity discount contract meet the constraint conditions,the combined contract decision model can perfectly coordinate the pharmaceutical supply chain,enabling supply chain members to achieve Pareto improvement and gradually reach Pareto optimum.展开更多
The carbon tradingmarket can promote“carbon peaking”and“carbon neutrality”at low cost,but carbon emission quotas face attacks such as data forgery,tampering,counterfeiting,and replay in the electricity trading mar...The carbon tradingmarket can promote“carbon peaking”and“carbon neutrality”at low cost,but carbon emission quotas face attacks such as data forgery,tampering,counterfeiting,and replay in the electricity trading market.Certificateless signatures are a new cryptographic technology that can address traditional cryptography’s general essential certificate requirements and avoid the problem of crucial escrowbased on identity cryptography.However,most certificateless signatures still suffer fromvarious security flaws.We present a secure and efficient certificateless signing scheme by examining the security of existing certificateless signature schemes.To ensure the integrity and verifiability of electricity carbon quota trading,we propose an electricity carbon quota trading scheme based on a certificateless signature and blockchain.Our scheme utilizes certificateless signatures to ensure the validity and nonrepudiation of transactions and adopts blockchain technology to achieve immutability and traceability in electricity carbon quota transactions.In addition,validating electricity carbon quota transactions does not require time-consuming bilinear pairing operations.The results of the analysis indicate that our scheme meets existential unforgeability under adaptive selective message attacks,offers conditional identity privacy protection,resists replay attacks,and demonstrates high computing and communication performance.展开更多
In this paper,the authors take Hubei carbon trading market prices as a sample,and select 27 variables from five aspects:International carbon market prices,energy prices,the macroeconomic situation,exchange rate factor...In this paper,the authors take Hubei carbon trading market prices as a sample,and select 27 variables from five aspects:International carbon market prices,energy prices,the macroeconomic situation,exchange rate factors and climate environment.The authors construct the elliptical approximate factor model and use a robust two step method based on multivariate Kendall's Tau matrix to extract common factors,identify the influencing factors of carbon prices,make out-of-sample forecasting of carbon prices,and compare with the prediction based on the historical mean of carbon trading market prices.The results show that the prediction of carbon trading market prices using elliptical approximate factor model is more accurate than the prediction based on the historical mean of carbon trading market prices.Among them,fossil energy prices,international carbon prices and climate environment are important influencing factors of carbon trading prices.展开更多
Given the“double carbon”objective and the drive toward low-carbon power,investigating the integration and interaction within the carbon-electricity market can enhance renewable energy utilization and facilitate ener...Given the“double carbon”objective and the drive toward low-carbon power,investigating the integration and interaction within the carbon-electricity market can enhance renewable energy utilization and facilitate energy conservation and emission reduction endeavors.However,further research is necessary to explore operational optimization methods for establishing a regional energy system using Power-to-Hydrogen(P2H)technology,focusing on participating in combined carbon-electricity market transactions.This study introduces an innovative Electro-Hydrogen Regional Energy System(EHRES)in this context.This system integrates renewable energy sources,a P2H system,cogeneration units,and energy storage devices.The core purpose of this integration is to optimize renewable energy utilization and minimize carbon emissions.This study aims to formulate an optimal operational strategy for EHRES,enabling its dynamic engagement in carbon-electricity market transactions.The initial phase entails establishing the technological framework of the electricity-hydrogen coupling system integrated with P2H.Subsequently,an analysis is conducted to examine the operational mode of EHRES as it participates in carbon-electricity market transactions.Additionally,the system scheduling model includes a stepped carbon trading price mechanism,considering the combined heat and power generation characteristics of the Hydrogen Fuel Cell(HFC).This facilitates the establishment of an optimal operational model for EHRES,aiming to minimize the overall operating cost.The simulation example illustrates that the coordinated operation of EHRES in carbon-electricity market transactions holds the potential to improve renewable energy utilization and reduce the overall system cost.This result carries significant implications for attaining advantages in both low-carbon and economic aspects.展开更多
Against the backdrop of China’s“dual-carbon”target,clean energy generation currently accounts for about 3.8 trillion kilowatt-hours,or 39.7 percent of total power generation,establishing a reasonable market trading...Against the backdrop of China’s“dual-carbon”target,clean energy generation currently accounts for about 3.8 trillion kilowatt-hours,or 39.7 percent of total power generation,establishing a reasonable market trading mechanism while enhancing the low-carbon economic benefits of the integrated energy system(IES)and optimizing the interests of various entities within the distribution system has become a significant challenge.Consequently,this paper proposes an optimization strategy for a low-carbon economy within a multi-agent IES that considers carbon capture systems(CCS)and power-to-gas(P2G).In this framework,the integrated energy system operator(IESO)acts as the primary leader,while energy suppliers(ES),energy storage operators(ESO),and load aggregators(LA)follow.At the level of low-carbon technology,a coupling model of P2G and CCS is developed,leading to the establishment of an IES that incorporates energy conversion and storage equipment.Economically,effective control of system carbon emissions in market trading is progressively established.Lastly,the trading decision model of the system is integrated within a master-slave game framework,utilizing an improved differential evolution algorithm in conjunction with the distributed equilibrium method of quadratic programming for solution.The calculation example demonstrates that the strategy safeguards the benefits for both parties in the game and achieves energy savings and carbon reduction for the system.展开更多
With the intensification of the energy crisis and the worsening greenhouse effect,the development of sustainable integrated energy systems(IES)has become a crucial direction for energy transition.In this context,this ...With the intensification of the energy crisis and the worsening greenhouse effect,the development of sustainable integrated energy systems(IES)has become a crucial direction for energy transition.In this context,this paper proposes a low-carbon economic dispatch strategy under the green hydrogen certificate trading(GHCT)and the ladder-type carbon emission trading(CET)mechanism,enabling the coordinated utilization of green and blue hydrogen.Specifically,a proton exchange membrane electrolyzer(PEME)model that accounts for dynamic efficiency characteristics,and a steam methane reforming(SMR)model incorporating waste heat recovery,are developed.Based on these models,a hydrogen production–storage–utilization framework is established to enable the coordinated deployment of green and blue hydrogen.Furthermore,the gas turbine(GT)unit are retrofitted using oxygenenriched combustion carbon capture(OCC)technology,wherein the oxygen produced by PEME is employed to create an oxygen-enriched combustion environment.This approach reduces energy waste and facilitates low-carbon power generation.In addition,the GHCT mechanism is integrated into the system alongside the ladder-type CET mechanism,and their complementary effects are investigated.A comprehensive optimization model is then formulated to simultaneously achieve carbon reduction and economic efficiency across the system.Case study results show that the proposed strategy reduces wind curtailment by 7.77%,carbon emissions by 65.98%,and total cost by 12.57%.This study offers theoretical reference for the low-carbon,economic,and efficient operation of future energy systems.展开更多
In the background of the low-carbon transformation of the energy structure,the problem of operational uncertainty caused by the high proportion of renewable energy sources and diverse loads in the integrated energy sy...In the background of the low-carbon transformation of the energy structure,the problem of operational uncertainty caused by the high proportion of renewable energy sources and diverse loads in the integrated energy systems(IES)is becoming increasingly obvious.In this case,to promote the low-carbon operation of IES and renewable energy consumption,and to improve the IES anti-interference ability,this paper proposes an IES scheduling strategy that considers CCS-P2G and concentrating solar power(CSP)station.Firstly,CSP station,gas hydrogen doping mode and variable hydrogen doping ratio mode are applied to IES,and combined with CCS-P2G coupling model,the IES low-carbon economic dispatch model is established.Secondly,the stepped carbon trading mechanism is applied,and the sensitivity analysis of IES carbon trading is carried out.Finally,an IES optimal scheduling strategy based on fuzzy opportunity constraints and an IES risk assessment strategy based on CVaR theory are established.The simulation shows that the gas-hydrogen doping model proposed in this paper reduces the operating cost and carbon emission of IES by 1.32%and 7.17%,and improves the carbon benefit by 5.73%;variable hydrogen doping ratio model reduces the operating cost and carbon emission of IES by 3.75%and 1.70%,respectively;CSP stations reduce 19.64%and 38.52%of the operating costs of IES and 1.03%and 1.80%of the carbon emissions of IES respectively compared to equal-capacity photovoltaic and wind turbines;the baseline price of carbon trading of IES and its rate of change jointly affect the carbon emissions of IES;evaluating the anti-interference capability of IES through trapezoidal fuzzy number and weighting coefficients,enabling IES to guarantee operation at the lowest cost.展开更多
Green and low carbon transition is a broad and profound economic and social systematic change.Green innovation is a critical way to promote energy saving and emission reduction.Has China continuously promoted a carbon...Green and low carbon transition is a broad and profound economic and social systematic change.Green innovation is a critical way to promote energy saving and emission reduction.Has China continuously promoted a carbon emission trading policy to significantly promote green innovation cooperation?Taking the implementation of the carbon emission trading pilot policy as a“quasi-natural experiment,”this study answers this question by exploring the impact of the policy on green innovation cooperation.Based on data on 274 cities from 2008 to 2020,the multi-time difference-in-differences model is used to evaluate the impact of the policy on green innovation cooperation.The results reveal that the carbon emission trading pilot policy significantly improved inter-and intra-city green innovation cooperation through the upgrading effect of industrial structure and the coverage effect of digital finance compared with the non-pilot cities at the city level.In addition,there are significant differences in the policy effects among cities with different degrees of openness to the outside world and command-and-control environmental regulation.展开更多
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program(2024YFE0115600).
文摘Addressing climate change and facilitating the large-scale integration of renewable energy sources(RESs)have driven the development of hydrogen-coupled integrated energy systems(HIES),which enhance energy sustainability through coordinated electricity,thermal,natural gas,and hydrogen utilization.This study proposes a two-stage distributionally robust optimization(DRO)-based scheduling method to improve the economic efficiency and reduce carbon emissions of HIES.The framework incorporates a ladder-type carbon trading mechanism to regulate emissions and implements a demand response(DR)program to adjustflexible multi-energy loads,thereby prioritizing RES consumption.Uncertainties from RES generation and load demand are addressed through an ambiguity set,enabling robust decision-making.The column-and-constraint generation(C&CG)algorithm efficiently solves the two-stage DRO model.Case studies demonstrate that the proposed method reduces operational costs by 3.56%,increases photovoltaic consumption rates by 5.44%,and significantly lowers carbon emissions compared to conventional approaches.Furthermore,the DRO framework achieves a superior balance between conservativeness and robustness over conventional stochastic and robust optimization methods,highlighting its potential to advance cost-effective,low-carbon energy systems while ensuring grid stability under uncertainty.
基金supported by Liaoning Provincial Doctoral Research Initiation Fund Project(2022-BS-225)Liaoning Provincial Department of Education Scientific Research Project(LJKZ1091).
文摘A robust scheduling optimization method for wind–fire storage system distribution based on the mixed carbon trading mechanism is proposed to improve the rationality of carbon emission quota allocation while reducing the instability of large-scale wind power access systems.A hybrid carbon trading mechanism that combines shortterm and long-term carbon trading is constructed,and a fuzzy set based onWasserstein measurement is proposed to address the uncertainty of wind power access.Moreover,a robust scheduling optimization method for wind–fire storage systems is formed.Results of the multi scenario comparative analysis of practical cases show that the proposed method can deal with the uncertainty of large-scale wind power access and can effectively reduce operating costs and carbon emissions.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(No.2012CB955700 and 2010CB955501)
文摘Based on the survey of international emissions trading system （ETS） and quantitative analysis, policy suggestions on establishing a carbon ETS in China are presented in this study. Sectors sensitive to carbon prices, e.g., the power generation sector and the iron and steel industry, are given priority to be covered by the ETS. Interregional carbon trading should be carried out as early as possible. The cap of the ETS should be based on China＇s carbon intensity reduction target with the floor carbon price for the market being set in the beginning. Suggestions on the infrastructure of ETS are also proposed, including the national wide carbon measuring, reporting, verification system building. account registration system and the legislation to national
文摘Climate warming is one of the important environmental issues with global concern. The Bloomberg News has recorded temperature changes in the recent 135 years. As the hottest year, in 2014 the global surface temperature was as high as 1.39 degrees Fahrenheit, 0.68 degrees Celsius higher than the average in long-term. The severity of this issue has been proved with the refresh of the highest record^([1]) and the increasing temperature as well as people's personal experience. There is a demand of in-depth discussion about comprehensive and efficient reduction of carbon and greenhouse gas emission and the development of low carbon economy, with garbage classification as the most efficient breach but also most easily to be neglected by people. This article attempts to find a feasible method of carbon emission reduction from the perspective of garbage classification and resource recycling and make quantitative estimation of its value combined with local practice and data in Chengdu.
基金jointly supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2012CB9557001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41175125)
文摘The contributions of carbon reduction policies were evaluated and compared for six carbon trading pilot schemes in China, in four municipalities(Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin, and Chongqing) and two provinces(Guangdong and Hubei). The carbon emissions accounting method of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change was used to calculate the actual CO2 and the support vector machine model was used to predict CO2. Chinese carbon reduction policies abated CO2 in the six carbon trading pilot schemes after the comprehensive policies came into force. However, the contribution of policies to CO2 abatement varied among regions, and the effect of carbon reduction policy on municipality pilot schemes was greater than on provincial pilot schemes. The largest contribution of carbon reduction policy to CO2 abatement was 28.3%, for the pilot carbon trading scheme in Beijing, and the smallest contribution was 3.7%, for that in Hubei. It is crucial to consider "carbon leakage" and a carbon trading linking program in order to evaluate the effects of carbon reduction policies.
文摘China has promised to start the national carbon trading system in 2017.In the carbon trading system,the renewable energy projects may obtain additional benefits through the Certified Carbon Emission Reduction(CCER) trade.As the carbon price fluctuates along with the market conditions,such fluctuation enables the renewable power projects to acquire the rights of an option,i.e.it may contain an even higher value due to the uncertainties in the future.While making an investment decision,the renewable power companies may choose to make the investment immediately,or postpone the investment and accumulate more information to increase the return of investment;and for immediate investments,the return must be sufficient to exceed the potential value of a waiting option.To study the investment in renewable power projects subject to the fluctuation of carbon price,this paper adopts the trinomial tree model of real options to estimate the net present value(NPV) and real option value(ROV) of three types of renewable power projects;according to the decision-making rules of real options to defer,all the three types of projects will exercise the option to postpone the investment decision.This thesis also calculates the benchmark prices of the three types of renewable projects at different times,in the two situations of having no government subsidy and having the government subsidy,so as to determine the investment opportunity of a project.The benchmark price decreases gradually along with the increase of government subsidy,indicating that the government subsidy will stimulate the investment in renewable projects.The benchmark price also increases gradually along with the lapse of time,indicating that the uncertainty will increase together with the time span and thus requires an even higher carbon price to determine the investment opportunity.This thesis also analyzes the sensitivity of factors affecting the investment in renewable projects and draws the conclusion that the fluctuation of carbon price is positively related with the benchmark price of renewable power projects,which indicates that the fluctuation of carbon price increases the option value of an investment but postpones the time of investment.As the China's carbon trading system improves gradually,the carbon price will reach a stable status,thus stimulate the power companies to invest in the renewable projects.
基金supported by the State Grid Shandong Electric Power Company Economic and Technical Research Institute Project(SGSDJY00GPJS2100135).
文摘Driven by the goal of“carbon neutrality”and“emission peak”,effectively controlling system carbon emissions has become significantly important to governments around the world.To this end,a novel two-stage low-carbon economic scheduling framework that considers the coordinated optimization of ladder-type carbon trading and integrated demand response(IDR)is proposed in this paper for the integrated energy system(IES),where the first stage determines the energy consumption plan of users by leveraging the price-based electrical-heat IDR.In contrast,the second stage minimizes the system total cost to optimize the outputs of generations with consideration of the uncertainty of renewables.In addition,to fully exploit the system’s emission reduction potential,a carbon trading cost model with segmented CO_(2) emission intervals is built by introducing a reward-penalty ladder-type carbon trading mechanism,and the flexible thermal comfort elasticity of customers is taken into account by putting forward a predicted mean vote index on the load side.The CPLEX optimizer resolves the two-stage model,and the study results on a modified IES situated in North China show the proposed model can effectively reduce carbon emissions and guarantee economical efficiency operation of the system.
文摘Following China and the United States,India is the third highest CO_(2)emitter in the world.With its fast rising population and an industry primarily reliant on coal and oil,the country's emissions will continue to rise unless appropriate measures are taken.In India generally the carbon sequestration is done by storing CO_(2)in sedimentary basins where it gets capped by the impermeable cap rocks.The study aims to unfold the other techniques of carbon sequestration in subsurface formations,except for narrating the different types of carbon capture and sequestration techniques along with its storage in different types of environments.For instance,abiotic and biotic environments for CO_(2)sequestration.It further talks about carbon injections of oceanic,geological,and terrestrial types,to name just a few.Types of carbon emission sources are discussed too.In this paper three different approaches are described for carbon mitigation,namely CarbFix,CO_(2)Plume technology and Carbon Trading.A prefeasibility study was done in order to implement the three techniques in Dholera geothermal region in Gujarat,India.In literature review,it can be seen how the three techniques can help in permanent mitigation of captured carbon through carbonate mineralization,power generation and industrial applications.For any project government and public participation is important.In this regard the study gives a brief understanding about the steps to be taken by government and the public to promote such projects for carbon mitigation.Besides,the steps to be taken in such projects for health and risk assessment were talked about in literature review too.
文摘Assessing the effectiveness of carbon trading policy is conducive to analyzing the existing problems and achievements at the current stage and promoting the development of the next stage, playing an important role as a link between the preceding and the following. Through the research on carbon trading policies, we can evaluate the effectiveness of carbon trading policies by selecting two indicators, namely, the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions per unit GDP and the energy consumption per unit GDP, and point out the shortcomings of carbon trading policies at this stage through evaluation and analysis, so as to provide reference for improving the effectiveness of carbon trading policies.
文摘Climate change is currently the biggest environmental challenge facing sustainable development in human society,and an inherent requirement for achieving sustainable development is actively addressing climate change.Under the increasingly strict constraints of climate governance,developed countries such as the United States,European Union countries,and Japan have responded and actively formulated low-carbon development goals and policy measures that are in line with their national conditions.These policies mainly involve various fields such as low-carbon technology,energy conservation and emission reduction,and circular development,with clear policy guidance.In this paper,the evolution of policies on marine carbon sink and carbon trading in developed countries such as the United States and Europe is summarized,providing support for a better understanding of the background of international and domestic policy formulation.
文摘Climate change is currently the biggest environmental challenge facing sustainable development in human society,and it is an inherent requirement for achieving sustainable development by actively addressing climate change.Under the increasingly strict constraints of climate governance,developed countries such as the United States,European Union countries,and Japan have responded and actively formulated low-carbon development goals and policy measures that are in line with their national conditions.These policies mainly involve various fields such as low-carbon technology,energy conservation and emission reduction,and circular development,with clear policy guidance.In this paper,the evolution of policies on marine carbon sink and carbon trading in China is summarized,providing support for better understanding the background of formulating relevant international and domestic policies.
基金supported by Key project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U2243243)National key research and development program(Grant No.2022YFE0101600)。
文摘To achieve low-carbon economic operation of hydrogen-doped integrated energy systems while mitigating the stochastic impact of new energy outputs on the system,the coordinated operation mode of hydrogen-doped gas turbines and electrolyzers is focused on,as well as a hybrid energy storage scheme involving both hydrogen and heat storage and an optimized scheduling model for integrated energy systems encompassing electricity-hydrogen-heat-cooling conversions is established.A model predictive control strategy based on deep learning prediction and feedback is proposed,and the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed strategy are demonstrated using error penalty coefficients.Moreover,the introduction of hydrogen energy exchange and ladder carbon trading is shown to effectively guide the low-carbon economic operation of hydrogen-doped integrated energy systems across multiple typical scenarios.A sensitivity analysis is conducted based on this framework,revealing that increases in the hydrogen doping ratio of turbines and the carbon base price led to higher system operation costs but effectively reduce carbon emissions.
文摘Objective To provide effective decision making for the subsidy policies given by the government to pharmaceutical enterprises and the coordination model adopted by pharmaceutical stakeholders under the carbon emission trading policy.Methods The Stackelberg model was used to discuss the optimal profits of each member and the whole supply chain under different decision-making models while considering the technical capacity of emission reduction and cost sharing contract.Based on this,the impact of the combined contract decisionmaking model on the technical efforts of drug manufacturers to reduce carbon emission,the profits of supply chain members and the overall profits of supply chain was investigated.Results and Conclusion Research has found that improving the research and development efforts of emission reduction technologies by pharmaceutical enterprises can increase drug sales and enhance the expected profits of pharmaceutical supply chain members.The members of the secondary pharmaceutical supply chain can achieve the optimal expected profit when reaching cooperation.Besides,when the cost sharing contract and quantity discount contract meet the constraint conditions,the combined contract decision model can perfectly coordinate the pharmaceutical supply chain,enabling supply chain members to achieve Pareto improvement and gradually reach Pareto optimum.
基金the National Fund Project No.62172337National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61662069)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2017M610817).
文摘The carbon tradingmarket can promote“carbon peaking”and“carbon neutrality”at low cost,but carbon emission quotas face attacks such as data forgery,tampering,counterfeiting,and replay in the electricity trading market.Certificateless signatures are a new cryptographic technology that can address traditional cryptography’s general essential certificate requirements and avoid the problem of crucial escrowbased on identity cryptography.However,most certificateless signatures still suffer fromvarious security flaws.We present a secure and efficient certificateless signing scheme by examining the security of existing certificateless signature schemes.To ensure the integrity and verifiability of electricity carbon quota trading,we propose an electricity carbon quota trading scheme based on a certificateless signature and blockchain.Our scheme utilizes certificateless signatures to ensure the validity and nonrepudiation of transactions and adopts blockchain technology to achieve immutability and traceability in electricity carbon quota transactions.In addition,validating electricity carbon quota transactions does not require time-consuming bilinear pairing operations.The results of the analysis indicate that our scheme meets existential unforgeability under adaptive selective message attacks,offers conditional identity privacy protection,resists replay attacks,and demonstrates high computing and communication performance.
基金supported by the National Social Science Fund of China under Grant No.21BTJ072。
文摘In this paper,the authors take Hubei carbon trading market prices as a sample,and select 27 variables from five aspects:International carbon market prices,energy prices,the macroeconomic situation,exchange rate factors and climate environment.The authors construct the elliptical approximate factor model and use a robust two step method based on multivariate Kendall's Tau matrix to extract common factors,identify the influencing factors of carbon prices,make out-of-sample forecasting of carbon prices,and compare with the prediction based on the historical mean of carbon trading market prices.The results show that the prediction of carbon trading market prices using elliptical approximate factor model is more accurate than the prediction based on the historical mean of carbon trading market prices.Among them,fossil energy prices,international carbon prices and climate environment are important influencing factors of carbon trading prices.
基金supported financially by InnerMongoliaKey Lab of Electrical Power Conversion,Transmission,and Control under Grant IMEECTC2022001the S&TMajor Project of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in China(2021ZD0040).
文摘Given the“double carbon”objective and the drive toward low-carbon power,investigating the integration and interaction within the carbon-electricity market can enhance renewable energy utilization and facilitate energy conservation and emission reduction endeavors.However,further research is necessary to explore operational optimization methods for establishing a regional energy system using Power-to-Hydrogen(P2H)technology,focusing on participating in combined carbon-electricity market transactions.This study introduces an innovative Electro-Hydrogen Regional Energy System(EHRES)in this context.This system integrates renewable energy sources,a P2H system,cogeneration units,and energy storage devices.The core purpose of this integration is to optimize renewable energy utilization and minimize carbon emissions.This study aims to formulate an optimal operational strategy for EHRES,enabling its dynamic engagement in carbon-electricity market transactions.The initial phase entails establishing the technological framework of the electricity-hydrogen coupling system integrated with P2H.Subsequently,an analysis is conducted to examine the operational mode of EHRES as it participates in carbon-electricity market transactions.Additionally,the system scheduling model includes a stepped carbon trading price mechanism,considering the combined heat and power generation characteristics of the Hydrogen Fuel Cell(HFC).This facilitates the establishment of an optimal operational model for EHRES,aiming to minimize the overall operating cost.The simulation example illustrates that the coordinated operation of EHRES in carbon-electricity market transactions holds the potential to improve renewable energy utilization and reduce the overall system cost.This result carries significant implications for attaining advantages in both low-carbon and economic aspects.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52077137).
文摘Against the backdrop of China’s“dual-carbon”target,clean energy generation currently accounts for about 3.8 trillion kilowatt-hours,or 39.7 percent of total power generation,establishing a reasonable market trading mechanism while enhancing the low-carbon economic benefits of the integrated energy system(IES)and optimizing the interests of various entities within the distribution system has become a significant challenge.Consequently,this paper proposes an optimization strategy for a low-carbon economy within a multi-agent IES that considers carbon capture systems(CCS)and power-to-gas(P2G).In this framework,the integrated energy system operator(IESO)acts as the primary leader,while energy suppliers(ES),energy storage operators(ESO),and load aggregators(LA)follow.At the level of low-carbon technology,a coupling model of P2G and CCS is developed,leading to the establishment of an IES that incorporates energy conversion and storage equipment.Economically,effective control of system carbon emissions in market trading is progressively established.Lastly,the trading decision model of the system is integrated within a master-slave game framework,utilizing an improved differential evolution algorithm in conjunction with the distributed equilibrium method of quadratic programming for solution.The calculation example demonstrates that the strategy safeguards the benefits for both parties in the game and achieves energy savings and carbon reduction for the system.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(52477101)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20210932).
文摘With the intensification of the energy crisis and the worsening greenhouse effect,the development of sustainable integrated energy systems(IES)has become a crucial direction for energy transition.In this context,this paper proposes a low-carbon economic dispatch strategy under the green hydrogen certificate trading(GHCT)and the ladder-type carbon emission trading(CET)mechanism,enabling the coordinated utilization of green and blue hydrogen.Specifically,a proton exchange membrane electrolyzer(PEME)model that accounts for dynamic efficiency characteristics,and a steam methane reforming(SMR)model incorporating waste heat recovery,are developed.Based on these models,a hydrogen production–storage–utilization framework is established to enable the coordinated deployment of green and blue hydrogen.Furthermore,the gas turbine(GT)unit are retrofitted using oxygenenriched combustion carbon capture(OCC)technology,wherein the oxygen produced by PEME is employed to create an oxygen-enriched combustion environment.This approach reduces energy waste and facilitates low-carbon power generation.In addition,the GHCT mechanism is integrated into the system alongside the ladder-type CET mechanism,and their complementary effects are investigated.A comprehensive optimization model is then formulated to simultaneously achieve carbon reduction and economic efficiency across the system.Case study results show that the proposed strategy reduces wind curtailment by 7.77%,carbon emissions by 65.98%,and total cost by 12.57%.This study offers theoretical reference for the low-carbon,economic,and efficient operation of future energy systems.
基金State Grid Gansu Electric Power Company Science and Technology Program(Grant No.W24FZ2730008)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51767017).
文摘In the background of the low-carbon transformation of the energy structure,the problem of operational uncertainty caused by the high proportion of renewable energy sources and diverse loads in the integrated energy systems(IES)is becoming increasingly obvious.In this case,to promote the low-carbon operation of IES and renewable energy consumption,and to improve the IES anti-interference ability,this paper proposes an IES scheduling strategy that considers CCS-P2G and concentrating solar power(CSP)station.Firstly,CSP station,gas hydrogen doping mode and variable hydrogen doping ratio mode are applied to IES,and combined with CCS-P2G coupling model,the IES low-carbon economic dispatch model is established.Secondly,the stepped carbon trading mechanism is applied,and the sensitivity analysis of IES carbon trading is carried out.Finally,an IES optimal scheduling strategy based on fuzzy opportunity constraints and an IES risk assessment strategy based on CVaR theory are established.The simulation shows that the gas-hydrogen doping model proposed in this paper reduces the operating cost and carbon emission of IES by 1.32%and 7.17%,and improves the carbon benefit by 5.73%;variable hydrogen doping ratio model reduces the operating cost and carbon emission of IES by 3.75%and 1.70%,respectively;CSP stations reduce 19.64%and 38.52%of the operating costs of IES and 1.03%and 1.80%of the carbon emissions of IES respectively compared to equal-capacity photovoltaic and wind turbines;the baseline price of carbon trading of IES and its rate of change jointly affect the carbon emissions of IES;evaluating the anti-interference capability of IES through trapezoidal fuzzy number and weighting coefficients,enabling IES to guarantee operation at the lowest cost.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.72174107,22&ZD094,71701191the Soft Science Research Project of China National Intellectual Property Administration under Grant Nos.SS22-B-15University of science and technology of China(USTC)introduces talents for scientific research and starts special fund project under Grant Nos.KY2160000003.
文摘Green and low carbon transition is a broad and profound economic and social systematic change.Green innovation is a critical way to promote energy saving and emission reduction.Has China continuously promoted a carbon emission trading policy to significantly promote green innovation cooperation?Taking the implementation of the carbon emission trading pilot policy as a“quasi-natural experiment,”this study answers this question by exploring the impact of the policy on green innovation cooperation.Based on data on 274 cities from 2008 to 2020,the multi-time difference-in-differences model is used to evaluate the impact of the policy on green innovation cooperation.The results reveal that the carbon emission trading pilot policy significantly improved inter-and intra-city green innovation cooperation through the upgrading effect of industrial structure and the coverage effect of digital finance compared with the non-pilot cities at the city level.In addition,there are significant differences in the policy effects among cities with different degrees of openness to the outside world and command-and-control environmental regulation.
