This study focuses on urgent research on restoring and enhancing carbon storage capacity in the Beibu Gulf Urban Agglomer-ation of China,a key area in the‘Belt and Road’Initiative,which aligns with carbon peaking an...This study focuses on urgent research on restoring and enhancing carbon storage capacity in the Beibu Gulf Urban Agglomer-ation of China,a key area in the‘Belt and Road’Initiative,which aligns with carbon peaking and neutrality goals.This research ana-lyzes the spatial characteristics of carbon metabolism from 2000 to 2020 and uses models to identify stable carbon sink areas,positive carbon flow corridors,and carbon sequestration nodes.The goal is to construct a carbon metabolism spatial security pattern(CMSSP)and propose territorial ecological restoration strategies under different development demand scenarios.The results show the following:1)in 2020,the study area’s carbon sink decreased by 8.29×10^(4) t C/yr compared with that in 2010 and by 10.83×10^(4) t C/yr compared with that in 2000.High-carbon sinks were found mainly in mountainous areas,whereas low-carbon sinks are concentrated in urban con-struction land,rural residential areas,and land margins.2)From 2000 to 2020,the spatial security pattern of carbon metabolism tended to be‘high in the middle of the east and west and low in the gulf.’In 2000,2010,and 2020,16 stable carbon sinks were identified.The carbon energy flow density in Guangxi was greater than that in Guangdong and Hainan,with positive carbon flow corridors located primarily in Guangxi and Guangdong.The number of carbon sequestration nodes remained stable at approximately 15,mainly in Guangxi and Hainan.3)Scenario simulations revealed that under the Nature-based mild restoration scenario,the carbon sink rate will reach 611.85×10^(4) t C/yr by 2030 and increase to 612.45×10^(4) t C/yr by 2060,with stable carbon sinks increasing to 18.In the restora-tion scenario based on Anti-globalization,the carbon sink will decrease from 610.24×10^(4) t C/yr in 2030 to 605.19×10^(4) t C/yr in 2060,with the disappearance of some positive carbon flow corridors and stable carbon sinks.Under the Human-based sustainable restoration scenario,the carbon sink area will decrease from 607.00×10^(4) t C/yr in 2030 to 596.39×10^(4) t C/yr in 2060,with carbon sink areas frag-menting and positive carbon flow corridors becoming less dense.4)On the basis of the current and predicted CMSSPs,this study ex-plores spatial ecological restoration strategies for high-carbon storage areas in bay urban agglomerations at four levels:the land control region,urban agglomeration structure system,carbon sink structure and bay structure control region.展开更多
The implementation of long-term shelterbelt programs in the middle reaches of the Yellow River(MRYR),China not only has improved the overall ecological environment,but also has led to the changes of land use pattern,c...The implementation of long-term shelterbelt programs in the middle reaches of the Yellow River(MRYR),China not only has improved the overall ecological environment,but also has led to the changes of land use pattern,causing carbon storage exchanges.However,the relationship between carbon storage and land use change in the MRYR is not concerned,which results in the uncertainty in the simulation of carbon storage in this area.Land use changes directly affect the carbon storage capacity of ecosystems,and as an indicator reflecting the overall state of land use,land use degree has an important relationship with carbon storage.In this study,land use data and the integrated valuation of ecosystem services and trade-offs(InVEST)model were used to assess the trends in land use degree and carbon storage in the MRYR during 1980-2020.The potential impact index and the standard deviation ellipse(SDE)algorithm were applied to quantify and analyze the characteristics of the impact of land use changes on carbon storage.Subsequently,land use transitions that led to carbon storage variations and their spatial variations were determined.The results showed that:(1)the most significant periods of carbon storage changes and land use transitions were observed during 1990-1995 and 1995-2020,with the most changed areas locating in the east of Fenhe River and in northwestern Henan Province;(2)the positive impact of land use degree on carbon storage may be related to the environmental protection measures implemented along the Yellow River,while the negative impact may be associated with the expansion of construction land in plain areas;and(3)the conversion of other land use types to grassland was the primary factor affecting carbon storage changes during 1980-2020.In future land use planning,attention should be given to the direction of grassland conversion,and focus on reasonably limiting the development of construction land.To enhance carbon storage,it will be crucial to increase the area of high-carbon-density land types,such as forest land and grassland under the condition that the area of permanent farmland does not decrease.展开更多
Agroforestry systems,as composite ecosystems,possess dual characteristics of both forest and agricultural ecosystems.They have been widely recognized as an important land-use approach in agriculture and play a signifi...Agroforestry systems,as composite ecosystems,possess dual characteristics of both forest and agricultural ecosystems.They have been widely recognized as an important land-use approach in agriculture and play a significant role in changing the climate.However,they also face limitations,including uncertainties related to future global climate change,land use,and land cover.This paper summarized the important role of agroforestry systems in the global carbon cycle and carbon balance from the methods and means used in the research on carbon storage and carbon balance and the research status of carbon storage and carbon balance in agroforestry ecosystems at home and abroad,and pointed out the problems that need to be paid attention to in future research.展开更多
Low-carbon urban development in China can pave the way to achieve the dualcarbon goal.Exploring how land use changes(LUCs)impact carbon storage(CS)under multi-climate scenarios in different urban agglomerations helps ...Low-carbon urban development in China can pave the way to achieve the dualcarbon goal.Exploring how land use changes(LUCs)impact carbon storage(CS)under multi-climate scenarios in different urban agglomerations helps to formulate differential scientific carbon mitigation policies.In this regard,this study constructs an integrated model of SD-PLUS-InVEST to simulate LUCs and CS changes under multi-climate change-based scenarios(SSP126,SSP245,SSP585)for three major urban agglomerations(3UAs)in the Yangtze River Economic Belt.Results demonstrate that land use demand in the 3UAs changes considerably in each scenario.Construction land in the 3UAs remains the most important growth category for the coming decade,but its increase varies in different scenarios.CS in the Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration(YRDUA)and Mid-Yangtze River Urban Agglomeration(MYRUA)shows a similar downward trend under different scenarios,with scenario SSP245 decreasing the most,to 184,713.526 Tg and 384,459.729 Tg,respectively.CS in the Cheng-Yu(Chengdu-Chongqing)Urban Agglomeration(CYUA)exhibits the opposite upward trend,with scenario SSP126 increasing the most to 153,007.973 Tg.The major cause of CS loss remains the conversion of forest land to construction land in the YRDUA and MYRUA under different scenarios.However,in the CYUA,the conversion of forest land to cultivated land is the major driver of CS loss under scenario SSP126.In contrast,the conversion of cultivated land to construction land dominantly drives CS loss under scenarios SSP245 and SSP585.The conversion of water body to other land use types is the major cause of CS gain in the YRDUA and MYRUA under different scenarios.At the same time,in the CYUA,the driver is the conversion of cultivated land to forest land.These findings demonstrate the significance of the low-carbon development in urban agglomerations at different development stages at home and abroad.展开更多
Lake wetlands play a crucial role as global carbon sinks,significantly contributing to carbon storage and ecological balance.This study estimates the quarterly carbon storage in the Dongting Lake wetland for the years...Lake wetlands play a crucial role as global carbon sinks,significantly contributing to carbon storage and ecological balance.This study estimates the quarterly carbon storage in the Dongting Lake wetland for the years 2010,2015,and 2020,using MODIS remote sensing imagery and the InVEST model.A Structural Equation Model(SEM)was then employed to analyze the driving factors behind changes in carbon storage.Results show that intra-annual carbon storage increases and then decreases,with maximum level in the third quarter(average of 34.242 Tg)and a minimum one in the first quarter(average of 21.435 Tg).From 2010 to 2020,inter-annual carbon storage variations initially exhibited an increasing trend before decreasing,with the peak annual average carbon storage reaching 32.230 Tg in 2015.Notably,the coefficient of variation for intra-annual carbon storage increased from 8.5%in 2010 to 25.8%in 2020.Key driving factors that influence carbon storage changes include surface solar radiation,temperature,and water level,with carbon storage positively correlated with surface solar radiation and temperature,and negatively correlated with water level.These findings reveal the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of carbon storage in the Dongting Lake wetland,offering scientific guidance for wetland conservation and regional climate adaptation policies.展开更多
Most research on carbon storage in forests has focused on qualitative studies of carbon storage and influ-encing factors rather than on quantifying the effect of the spatial distribution of carbon storage and of its i...Most research on carbon storage in forests has focused on qualitative studies of carbon storage and influ-encing factors rather than on quantifying the effect of the spatial distribution of carbon storage and of its influencing factors at different scales.Here we described the spatial dis-tribution of aboveground carbon storage(ACS)in a 20-ha plot in a subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest to evalu-ate and quantify the relative effects of biotic factors(species diversity and structural diversity)and abiotic factors(soil and topographic factors)on ACS at different scales.Scale effects of the spatial distribution of ACS were significant,with higher variability at smaller scales,but less at larger scales.The distribution was also spatially heterogeneous,with more carbon storage on north-and east-facing slopes than on south-and west-facing slopes.At a smaller scale,species diversity and structural diversity each had a direct positive impact on ACS,but soil factors had no significant direct impact.At increasing scales,topographic and soil fac-tors gradually had a greater direct influence,whereas the influence of species diversity gradually decreased.Structural diversity had the greatest impact,followed by topographic factors and soil factors,while species diversity had a rela-tively smaller impact.These findings suggest studies on ACS in subtropical evergreen broadleaf forests in southern China should consider scale effects,specifically on the heterogene-ity of ACS distribution at small scales.Studies and conser-vation efforts need to focus on smaller habitat types with particular emphasis on habitat factors such as aspect and soil conditions,which have significant influences on community species diversity,structural diversity,and ACS distribution.展开更多
CO_(2)injection into geological formations has been proven to be an effective approach for carbon storage.When dissolved in formation water,CO_(2)forms carbonic acid that induces mineral dissolution at pore surfaces u...CO_(2)injection into geological formations has been proven to be an effective approach for carbon storage.When dissolved in formation water,CO_(2)forms carbonic acid that induces mineral dissolution at pore surfaces under acidic conditions.Comprehensive understanding of geochemical interaction between carbonic acid and reservoir rocks is crucial for assessing environmental impact on geological formations.This study focuses on a tight oil sandstone reservoir.After characterizing basic petrophysical properties and mineral composition of rock samples,a series of carbonic acid corrosion experiments with both core and corresponding pure mineral samples were carried out,respectively.Dissolution solutions collected during the experiments were analyzed to examine the variations of ion concentrations in both core and pure mineral solutions.The carbonic acid-pure mineral corrosion kinetics were investigated.The correlations between carbonic acid with core and pure mineral corrosion scenarios were established from the sample mass,reaction rate,and ion concentration.The results show that after corrosion,the mass of calcite and dolomite in the rock sample decreased by 66.7%and 27.3%,respectively.When the corrosion was stabilized,the concentrations of Ca^(2+)and Mg^(2+)in the core solution were 72.9 and 74.4 mg/L.respectively,which was 40.5-41.3 times higher than that of Na+.The reaction kinetics analysis of carbonic acid-rock revealed a two-stage reaction in the pure mineral corrosion process,rapid reaction stage,and slow reaction stage,with different reaction rate constants and reaction orders for each ion.With the correlation between carbonic acid reaction with core and pure minerals,an effective and rapid evaluation method with pure minerals for the carbonic water-rock reaction is established,which costs a shorter time and is easier to investigate.This study provides a simple and faster method to evaluate the carbonic acid corrosion reaction during geological carbon storage.展开更多
Carbon storage serves as a key indicator of ecosystem services and plays a vital role in maintaining the global carbon balance.Land use and cover change(LUCC)is one of the primary drivers influencing carbon storage va...Carbon storage serves as a key indicator of ecosystem services and plays a vital role in maintaining the global carbon balance.Land use and cover change(LUCC)is one of the primary drivers influencing carbon storage variations in terrestrial ecosystems.Therefore,evaluating the impacts of LUCC on carbon storage is crucial for achieving strategic goals such as the China’s dual carbon goals(including carbon peaking and carbon neutrality).This study focuses on the Aral Irrigation Area in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,China,to assess the impacts of LUCC on regional carbon storage and their spatiotemporal dynamics.A comprehensive LUCC database from 2000 to 2020 was developed using Landsat satellite imagery and the random forest classification algorithm.The integrated valuation of ecosystem services and trade-offs(InVEST)model was applied to quantify carbon storage and analyze its response to LUCC.Additionally,future LUCC patterns for 2030 were projected under multiple development scenarios using the patch-generating land use simulation(PLUS)model.These future LUCC scenarios were integrated with the InVEST model to simulate carbon storage trends under different land management pathways.Between 2000 and 2020,the dominant land use types in the study area were cropland(area proportion of 35.52%),unused land(34.80%),and orchard land(12.19%).The conversion of unused land and orchard land significantly expanded the area of cropland,which increased by 115,742.55 hm^(2).During this period,total carbon storage and carbon density increased by 7.87×10^(6) Mg C and 20.19 Mg C/hm^(2),respectively.The primary driver of this increase was the conversion of unused land into cropland,accounting for 49.28%of the total carbon storage gain.Carbon storage was notably lower along the northeastern and southeastern edges.By 2030,the projected carbon storage is expected to increase by 0.99×10^(6),1.55×10^(6),and 1.71×10^(6) Mg C under the natural development,cropland protection,and ecological conservation scenarios,respectively.In contrast,under the urban development scenario,carbon storage is projected to decline by 0.40×10^(6) Mg C.In line with China’s dual carbon goals,the ecological conservation scenario emerges as the most effective strategy for enhancing carbon storage.Accordingly,strict enforcement of the cropland red line is recommended.This study provides a valuable scientific foundation for regional ecosystem restoration and sustainable development in arid regions.展开更多
This research investigates the ecological importance,changes,and status of mangrove wetlands along China’s coastline.Visual interpretation,geological surveys,and ISO clustering unsupervised classification methods are...This research investigates the ecological importance,changes,and status of mangrove wetlands along China’s coastline.Visual interpretation,geological surveys,and ISO clustering unsupervised classification methods are employed to interpret mangrove distribution from remote sensing images from 2021,utilizing ArcGIS software platform.Furthermore,the carbon storage capacity of mangrove wetlands is quantified using the carbon storage module of InVEST model.Results show that the mangrove wetlands in China covered an area of 278.85 km2 in 2021,predominantly distributed in Hainan,Guangxi,Guangdong,Fujian,Zhejiang,Taiwan,Hong Kong,and Macao.The total carbon storage is assessed at 2.11×10^(6) t,with specific regional data provided.Trends since the 1950s reveal periods of increase,decrease,sharp decrease,and slight-steady increases in mangrove areas in China.An important finding is the predominant replacement of natural coastlines adjacent to mangrove wetlands by artificial ones,highlighting the need for creating suitable spaces for mangrove restoration.This study is poised to guide future mangroverelated investigations and conservation strategies.展开更多
Regional sustainable development necessitates a holistic understanding of spatiotemporal variations in ecosystem carbon storage(ECS),particularly in ecologically sensitive areas with arid and semi-arid climate.In this...Regional sustainable development necessitates a holistic understanding of spatiotemporal variations in ecosystem carbon storage(ECS),particularly in ecologically sensitive areas with arid and semi-arid climate.In this study,we calculated the ECS in the Ningxia Section of Yellow River Basin,China from 1985 to 2020 using the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs(InVEST)model based on land use data.We further predicted the spatial distribution of ECS in 2050 under four land use scenarios:natural development scenario(NDS),ecological protection scenario(EPS),cultivated land protection scenario(CPS),and urban development scenario(UDS)using the patch-generating land use simulation(PLUS)model,and quantified the influences of natural and human factors on the spatial differentiation of ECS using the geographical detector(Geodetector).Results showed that the total ECS of the study area initially increased from 1985 until reaching a peak at 402.36×10^(6) t in 2010,followed by a decreasing trend to 2050.The spatial distribution of ECS was characterized by high values in the eastern and southern parts of the study area,and low values in the western and northern parts.Between 1985 and 2020,land use changes occurred mainly through the expansion of cultivated land,woodland,and construction land at the expense of unused land.The total ECS in 2050 under different land use scenarios(ranked as EPS>CPS>NDS>UDS)would be lower than that in 2020.Nighttime light was the largest contributor to the spatial differentiation of ECS,with soil type and annual mean temperature being the major natural driving factors.Findings of this study could provide guidance on the ecological construction and high-quality development in arid and semi-arid areas.展开更多
The diameter distribution function(DDF)is a crucial tool for accurately predicting stand carbon storage(CS).The current key issue,however,is how to construct a high-precision DDF based on stand factors,site quality,an...The diameter distribution function(DDF)is a crucial tool for accurately predicting stand carbon storage(CS).The current key issue,however,is how to construct a high-precision DDF based on stand factors,site quality,and aridity index to predict stand CS in multi-species mixed forests with complex structures.This study used data from70 survey plots for mixed broadleaf Populus davidiana and Betula platyphylla forests in the Mulan Rangeland State Forest,Hebei Province,China,to construct the DDF based on maximum likelihood estimation and finite mixture model(FMM).Ordinary least squares(OLS),linear seemingly unrelated regression(LSUR),and back propagation neural network(BPNN)were used to investigate the influences of stand factors,site quality,and aridity index on the shape and scale parameters of DDF and predicted stand CS of mixed broadleaf forests.The results showed that FMM accurately described the stand-level diameter distribution of the mixed P.davidiana and B.platyphylla forests;whereas the Weibull function constructed by MLE was more accurate in describing species-level diameter distribution.The combined variable of quadratic mean diameter(Dq),stand basal area(BA),and site quality improved the accuracy of the shape parameter models of FMM;the combined variable of Dq,BA,and De Martonne aridity index improved the accuracy of the scale parameter models.Compared to OLS and LSUR,the BPNN had higher accuracy in the re-parameterization process of FMM.OLS,LSUR,and BPNN overestimated the CS of P.davidiana but underestimated the CS of B.platyphylla in the large diameter classes(DBH≥18 cm).BPNN accurately estimated stand-and species-level CS,but it was more suitable for estimating stand-level CS compared to species-level CS,thereby providing a scientific basis for the optimization of stand structure and assessment of carbon sequestration capacity in mixed broadleaf forests.展开更多
Tree plantation and forest restoration are the major strategies for enhancing terrestrial carbon sequestration and mitigating climate change.The Grain for Green Project in China has positively impacted global carbon s...Tree plantation and forest restoration are the major strategies for enhancing terrestrial carbon sequestration and mitigating climate change.The Grain for Green Project in China has positively impacted global carbon sequestration and the trend towards fragmentation of plantation forests.Limited studies have been conducted on changes in plantation biomass and stand structure caused by fragmentation,and the effect of fragmentation on the carbon storage of plantation forests remains unclear.This study evaluated the differences between carbon storage and stand structure in black locust forests in fragmented and continuous landscape in the Ansai District,China and discussed the effects of ecological significance of four landscape indices on carbon storage and tree density.We used structural equation modelling to explore the direct and indirect effects of fragmentation,edge,abiotic factors,and stand structure on above-ground carbon storage.Diameter at breast height(DBH)in fragmented forests was 53.3%thicker,tree density was 40.9%lower,and carbon storage was 49.8%higher than those in continuous forests;for all given DBH>10 cm,the trees in fragmented forests were shorter than those in continuous forests.The patch area had a negative impact on carbon storage,i.e.,the higher the degree of fragmentation,the lower the density of the tree;and fragmentation and distance to edge(DTE)directly increased canopy coverage.However,canopy coverage directly decreased carbon storage,and fragmentation directly increased carbon storage and tree density.In non-commercial forests,fragmentation reduces the carbon storage potential of plantation,and the influence of patch area,edge,and patchy connection on plantation should be considered when follow-up trees are planted and for the plantation management.Thus,expanding the area of plantation patches,repairing the edges of complex-shaped patches,enhancing the connectivity of similar patches,and applying nutrients to plantation forests at regular intervals are recommended in fragmented areas of the Loess Plateau.展开更多
Terrestrial carbon storage(CS)plays a crucial role in achieving carbon balance and mitigating global climate change.This study employs the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways and Representative Concentration Pathways(SSPs-R...Terrestrial carbon storage(CS)plays a crucial role in achieving carbon balance and mitigating global climate change.This study employs the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways and Representative Concentration Pathways(SSPs-RCPs)published by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC)and incorporates the Policy Control Scenario(PCS)regulated by China’s land management policies.The Future Land Use Simulation(FLUS)model is employed to generate a 1 km resolution land use/cover change(LUCC)dataset for China in 2030 and 2060.Based on the carbon density dataset of China’s terrestrial ecosystems,the study analyses CS changes and their relationship with land use changes spanning from 1990 to 2060.The findings indicate that the quantitative changes in land use in China from 1990 to 2020 are characterised by a reduction in the area proportion of cropland and grassland,along with an increase in the impervious surface and forest area.This changing trend is projected to continue under the PCS from 2020 to 2060.Under the SSPs-RCPs scenario,the proportion of cropland and impervious surface predominantly increases,while the proportions of forest and grassland continuously decrease.Carbon loss in China’s carbon storage from 1990 to 2020 amounted to 0.53×10^(12)kg,primarily due to the reduced area of cropland and grassland.In the SSPs-RCPs scenario,more significant carbon loss occurs,reaching a peak of8.07×10^(12)kg in the SSP4-RCP3.4 scenario.Carbon loss is mainly concentrated in the southeastern coastal area and the Beijing-TianjinHebei(BTH)region of China,with urbanisation and deforestation identified as the primary drivers.In the future,it is advisable to enhance the protection of forests and grassland while stabilising cropland areas and improving the intensity of urban land.These research findings offer valuable data support for China’s land management policy,land space optimisation,and the achievement of dual-carbon targets.展开更多
Excessive carbon emissions have resulted in the greenhouse effect, causing considerable global climate change. Marine carbon storage has emerged as a crucial approach to addressing climate change. The Qiantang Sag(QTS...Excessive carbon emissions have resulted in the greenhouse effect, causing considerable global climate change. Marine carbon storage has emerged as a crucial approach to addressing climate change. The Qiantang Sag(QTS) in the East China Sea Shelf Basin, characterized by its extensive area, thick sedimentary strata, and optimal depth, presents distinct geological advantages for carbon dioxide(CO_(2)) storage. Focusing on the lower section of the Shimentan Formation in the Upper Cretaceous of the QTS, this study integrates seismic interpretation and drilling data with core and thin-section analysis. We reveal the vertical variation characteristics of the strata by providing a detailed stratigraphic description. We use petrophysical data to reveal the development characteristics of high-quality carbon-storage layers and favorable reservoircaprock combinations, thereby evaluating the geological conditions for CO_(2) storage in various stratigraphic sections. We identify Layer B of the lower Shimentan Formation as the most advantageous stratum for marine CO_(2) storage. Furthermore, we analyze the carbon emission trends in the adjacent Yangtze River Delta region. Considering the characteristics of the source and sink areas, we suggest a strong correlation between the carbon emission sources of the Yangtze River Delta and the CO_(2) storage area of the QTS, making the latter a priority area for conducting experiments on marine CO_(2) storage.展开更多
This paper examined the carbon storage and flux of vegetation-litter-soil in alpine tundra ecosystems in Changbai Mountains. Approximately 17251 t·a-1 of carbon was yearly stored in the vegetation and 15043.1 t&#...This paper examined the carbon storage and flux of vegetation-litter-soil in alpine tundra ecosystems in Changbai Mountains. Approximately 17251 t·a-1 of carbon was yearly stored in the vegetation and 15043.1 t·a^-1of carbon flew into soil by litters. The vegetation-litter-soil ecosystem stored 452624 t·a^-1 of carbon, which was the important CO2 sink. The net carbon storage was currently 3146 t·a^-1 in vegetation-litter-soil ecosystem.展开更多
Objective] The research aimed to study soil organic carbon and total ni-trogen distribution in oasis cotton farmland. [Method] With the oasis cotton field of Manas River Val ey in Tianshan Mountains as the research ar...Objective] The research aimed to study soil organic carbon and total ni-trogen distribution in oasis cotton farmland. [Method] With the oasis cotton field of Manas River Val ey in Tianshan Mountains as the research area and abandoned farmland as a control, the distribution characteristics of soil organic carbon and total nitrogen content in the cotton field of Manas River Val ey in the last 23 years were investigated by using geographic methods. [Result] Presenting vertical distribution, cotton soil organic carbon and total nitrogen content in Manas River Val ey de-creased with the increase of soil depth, and those in 0-30 cm soil layer was sig-nificantly higher than those in soil layer of below 30 cm, while organic carbon stor-age showed the trend of increase. Also in vertical distribution, soil organic carbon and total nitrogen decreased significantly with the increase of soil depth, and soil organic carbon content in abandoned farmland decreased month by month. Howev-er, cotton soil organic carbon storage firstly decreased and then increased in the oasis cotton field that in the early growth of cotton, soil organic carbon in the layers of 0-30 and 30-100 cm decreased to the lowest in the bloom stage, and then or-ganic carbon increased with the reproductive growth of cotton into the later stages. However, due to no input of plant litter in the abandoned farmland, the soil organic carbon storage decreased month by month. There were significantly differences be-tween oasis cotton field and abandoned farmland in organic carbon contents. [Con-clusion] The soil organic carbon content and total nitrogen content in oasis cotton field were significantly higher than those in the abandoned farmland. The soil organ-ic carbon storage increased in the layer of 0-30 cm, while there was no significant change of soil organic carbon and total nitrogen content in the layer of 30-100 cm, which was consistent with the previous study on the distribution characteristics of soil organic carbon and total nitrogen content profile.展开更多
This paper summarized the studies on biomass production, biomass growth models, biomass measurement, biomass and forest density, as well as carbon storage of poplars in China in recent 20 years. The existing problems ...This paper summarized the studies on biomass production, biomass growth models, biomass measurement, biomass and forest density, as well as carbon storage of poplars in China in recent 20 years. The existing problems on research of poplar biomass are discussed and some suggestions for enhancing biomass of poplars are put forward.展开更多
Regional land use change is the main cause of the ecosystem carbon storage changes by affecting emission and sink process.However,there has been little research on the influence of land use changes for ecosystem carbo...Regional land use change is the main cause of the ecosystem carbon storage changes by affecting emission and sink process.However,there has been little research on the influence of land use changes for ecosystem carbon storage at both temporal and spatial scales.For this study,the Qihe catchment in the southern part of the Taihang Mountains was taken as an example;its land use change from 2005 to 2015 was analyzed,the Markov-CLUE-S composite model was used to predict land use patterns in 2025 under natural growth,cultivated land protection and ecological conservation scenario,and the land use data were used to evaluate ecosystem carbon storage under different scenarios for the recent 10-year interval and the future based on the carbon storage module of the In VEST model.The results show the following:(1) the ecosystem carbon storage and average carbon density of Qihe catchment were 3.16×107 t and 141.9 t/ha,respectively,and decreased by 0.07×107 t and 2.89 t/ha in the decade evaluated.(2) During 2005–2015,carbon density mainly decreased in low altitude areas.For high altitude area,regions with increased carbon density comprised a similar percentage to regions with decreased carbon density.The significant increase of the construction areas in the middle and lower reaches of Qihe and the degradation of upper reach woodland were core reasons for carbon density decrease.(3) For 2015–2025,under natural growth scenario,carbon storage and carbon density also significantly decrease,mainly due to the decrease of carbon sequestration capacity in low altitude areas;under cultivated land protection scenario,the decrease of carbon storage and carbon density will slow down,mainly due to the increase of carbon sequestration capacity in low altitude areas;under ecological conservation scenario,carbon storage and carbon density significantly increase and reach 3.19×107 t and 143.26 t/ha,respectively,mainly in regions above 1100 m in altitude.Ecological conservation scenario can enhance carbon sequestration capacity but cannot effectively control the reduction of cultivated land areas.Thus,land use planning of research areas should consider both ecological conservation and cultivated land protection scenarios to increase carbon sink and ensure the cultivated land quality and food safety.展开更多
Tree species composition was important for carbon storage within the same climate range.To quantify the dynamics of ecosystem carbon allocation as affected by different tree species,we measured the above-and below-gro...Tree species composition was important for carbon storage within the same climate range.To quantify the dynamics of ecosystem carbon allocation as affected by different tree species,we measured the above-and below-ground biomass accumulation in 22 years,as well as the tissue carbon concentrations of trees in Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation and Michelia macclurei plantation.Results indicated that M.macclurei plantation significantly stored more carbon（174.8 tons/hm2） than C.lanceolata plantation（154.3 tons/hm2）.Most of the carbon was found in the soil pool（57.1% in M.macclurei plantation,55.2% in C.lanceolata plantation）.Tree and soil component of M.macclurei plantation possessed significantly higher carbon storage than that of C.lanceolata plantation（p 〈 0.05）.No significant difference was found in the carbon storage of understory and forest floor.These results suggest that the broadleaved species（M.macclurei） possesses greater carbon sequestration potential than the coniferous species（C.lanceolata） in southern China.展开更多
The soil organic carbon (SOC) pool is the largest component of terrestrial carbon pools. With the construction of a geographically referenced database taken from the second national general soil survey materials and b...The soil organic carbon (SOC) pool is the largest component of terrestrial carbon pools. With the construction of a geographically referenced database taken from the second national general soil survey materials and based on 1546 typical cropland soil profiles, the paddy field and dryland SOC storage among six regions of China were systematically quantified to characterize the spatial pattern of cropland SOC storage in China and to examine the relationship between mean annual temperature, precipitation, soil texture features and SOC content. In all regions, paddy soils had higher SOC storage than dryland soils, and cropland SOC content was the highest in Southwest China. Climate controlled the spatial distribution of SOC in both paddy and dryland soils, with SOC storage increasing with increasing precipitation and decreasing with increasing temperature.展开更多
基金Under the auspices of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52268008)。
文摘This study focuses on urgent research on restoring and enhancing carbon storage capacity in the Beibu Gulf Urban Agglomer-ation of China,a key area in the‘Belt and Road’Initiative,which aligns with carbon peaking and neutrality goals.This research ana-lyzes the spatial characteristics of carbon metabolism from 2000 to 2020 and uses models to identify stable carbon sink areas,positive carbon flow corridors,and carbon sequestration nodes.The goal is to construct a carbon metabolism spatial security pattern(CMSSP)and propose territorial ecological restoration strategies under different development demand scenarios.The results show the following:1)in 2020,the study area’s carbon sink decreased by 8.29×10^(4) t C/yr compared with that in 2010 and by 10.83×10^(4) t C/yr compared with that in 2000.High-carbon sinks were found mainly in mountainous areas,whereas low-carbon sinks are concentrated in urban con-struction land,rural residential areas,and land margins.2)From 2000 to 2020,the spatial security pattern of carbon metabolism tended to be‘high in the middle of the east and west and low in the gulf.’In 2000,2010,and 2020,16 stable carbon sinks were identified.The carbon energy flow density in Guangxi was greater than that in Guangdong and Hainan,with positive carbon flow corridors located primarily in Guangxi and Guangdong.The number of carbon sequestration nodes remained stable at approximately 15,mainly in Guangxi and Hainan.3)Scenario simulations revealed that under the Nature-based mild restoration scenario,the carbon sink rate will reach 611.85×10^(4) t C/yr by 2030 and increase to 612.45×10^(4) t C/yr by 2060,with stable carbon sinks increasing to 18.In the restora-tion scenario based on Anti-globalization,the carbon sink will decrease from 610.24×10^(4) t C/yr in 2030 to 605.19×10^(4) t C/yr in 2060,with the disappearance of some positive carbon flow corridors and stable carbon sinks.Under the Human-based sustainable restoration scenario,the carbon sink area will decrease from 607.00×10^(4) t C/yr in 2030 to 596.39×10^(4) t C/yr in 2060,with carbon sink areas frag-menting and positive carbon flow corridors becoming less dense.4)On the basis of the current and predicted CMSSPs,this study ex-plores spatial ecological restoration strategies for high-carbon storage areas in bay urban agglomerations at four levels:the land control region,urban agglomeration structure system,carbon sink structure and bay structure control region.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52079103)the Outstanding Youth Science Fund of Xi'an University of Science and Technology(2024YQ2-02).
文摘The implementation of long-term shelterbelt programs in the middle reaches of the Yellow River(MRYR),China not only has improved the overall ecological environment,but also has led to the changes of land use pattern,causing carbon storage exchanges.However,the relationship between carbon storage and land use change in the MRYR is not concerned,which results in the uncertainty in the simulation of carbon storage in this area.Land use changes directly affect the carbon storage capacity of ecosystems,and as an indicator reflecting the overall state of land use,land use degree has an important relationship with carbon storage.In this study,land use data and the integrated valuation of ecosystem services and trade-offs(InVEST)model were used to assess the trends in land use degree and carbon storage in the MRYR during 1980-2020.The potential impact index and the standard deviation ellipse(SDE)algorithm were applied to quantify and analyze the characteristics of the impact of land use changes on carbon storage.Subsequently,land use transitions that led to carbon storage variations and their spatial variations were determined.The results showed that:(1)the most significant periods of carbon storage changes and land use transitions were observed during 1990-1995 and 1995-2020,with the most changed areas locating in the east of Fenhe River and in northwestern Henan Province;(2)the positive impact of land use degree on carbon storage may be related to the environmental protection measures implemented along the Yellow River,while the negative impact may be associated with the expansion of construction land in plain areas;and(3)the conversion of other land use types to grassland was the primary factor affecting carbon storage changes during 1980-2020.In future land use planning,attention should be given to the direction of grassland conversion,and focus on reasonably limiting the development of construction land.To enhance carbon storage,it will be crucial to increase the area of high-carbon-density land types,such as forest land and grassland under the condition that the area of permanent farmland does not decrease.
文摘Agroforestry systems,as composite ecosystems,possess dual characteristics of both forest and agricultural ecosystems.They have been widely recognized as an important land-use approach in agriculture and play a significant role in changing the climate.However,they also face limitations,including uncertainties related to future global climate change,land use,and land cover.This paper summarized the important role of agroforestry systems in the global carbon cycle and carbon balance from the methods and means used in the research on carbon storage and carbon balance and the research status of carbon storage and carbon balance in agroforestry ecosystems at home and abroad,and pointed out the problems that need to be paid attention to in future research.
基金Key Project of National Social Science Fund,No.23AZD032National Natural Science Foundation of China No.42371258Program of China Scholarship Council No.202306850036。
文摘Low-carbon urban development in China can pave the way to achieve the dualcarbon goal.Exploring how land use changes(LUCs)impact carbon storage(CS)under multi-climate scenarios in different urban agglomerations helps to formulate differential scientific carbon mitigation policies.In this regard,this study constructs an integrated model of SD-PLUS-InVEST to simulate LUCs and CS changes under multi-climate change-based scenarios(SSP126,SSP245,SSP585)for three major urban agglomerations(3UAs)in the Yangtze River Economic Belt.Results demonstrate that land use demand in the 3UAs changes considerably in each scenario.Construction land in the 3UAs remains the most important growth category for the coming decade,but its increase varies in different scenarios.CS in the Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration(YRDUA)and Mid-Yangtze River Urban Agglomeration(MYRUA)shows a similar downward trend under different scenarios,with scenario SSP245 decreasing the most,to 184,713.526 Tg and 384,459.729 Tg,respectively.CS in the Cheng-Yu(Chengdu-Chongqing)Urban Agglomeration(CYUA)exhibits the opposite upward trend,with scenario SSP126 increasing the most to 153,007.973 Tg.The major cause of CS loss remains the conversion of forest land to construction land in the YRDUA and MYRUA under different scenarios.However,in the CYUA,the conversion of forest land to cultivated land is the major driver of CS loss under scenario SSP126.In contrast,the conversion of cultivated land to construction land dominantly drives CS loss under scenarios SSP245 and SSP585.The conversion of water body to other land use types is the major cause of CS gain in the YRDUA and MYRUA under different scenarios.At the same time,in the CYUA,the driver is the conversion of cultivated land to forest land.These findings demonstrate the significance of the low-carbon development in urban agglomerations at different development stages at home and abroad.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42272291,No.42077176)the Strategic Research Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42242202).
文摘Lake wetlands play a crucial role as global carbon sinks,significantly contributing to carbon storage and ecological balance.This study estimates the quarterly carbon storage in the Dongting Lake wetland for the years 2010,2015,and 2020,using MODIS remote sensing imagery and the InVEST model.A Structural Equation Model(SEM)was then employed to analyze the driving factors behind changes in carbon storage.Results show that intra-annual carbon storage increases and then decreases,with maximum level in the third quarter(average of 34.242 Tg)and a minimum one in the first quarter(average of 21.435 Tg).From 2010 to 2020,inter-annual carbon storage variations initially exhibited an increasing trend before decreasing,with the peak annual average carbon storage reaching 32.230 Tg in 2015.Notably,the coefficient of variation for intra-annual carbon storage increased from 8.5%in 2010 to 25.8%in 2020.Key driving factors that influence carbon storage changes include surface solar radiation,temperature,and water level,with carbon storage positively correlated with surface solar radiation and temperature,and negatively correlated with water level.These findings reveal the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of carbon storage in the Dongting Lake wetland,offering scientific guidance for wetland conservation and regional climate adaptation policies.
基金supported by the Guangxi Natural Science Foundation Program(2022GXNSFAA035583,2021GXNSFBA196052)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32060305,32460270).
文摘Most research on carbon storage in forests has focused on qualitative studies of carbon storage and influ-encing factors rather than on quantifying the effect of the spatial distribution of carbon storage and of its influencing factors at different scales.Here we described the spatial dis-tribution of aboveground carbon storage(ACS)in a 20-ha plot in a subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest to evalu-ate and quantify the relative effects of biotic factors(species diversity and structural diversity)and abiotic factors(soil and topographic factors)on ACS at different scales.Scale effects of the spatial distribution of ACS were significant,with higher variability at smaller scales,but less at larger scales.The distribution was also spatially heterogeneous,with more carbon storage on north-and east-facing slopes than on south-and west-facing slopes.At a smaller scale,species diversity and structural diversity each had a direct positive impact on ACS,but soil factors had no significant direct impact.At increasing scales,topographic and soil fac-tors gradually had a greater direct influence,whereas the influence of species diversity gradually decreased.Structural diversity had the greatest impact,followed by topographic factors and soil factors,while species diversity had a rela-tively smaller impact.These findings suggest studies on ACS in subtropical evergreen broadleaf forests in southern China should consider scale effects,specifically on the heterogene-ity of ACS distribution at small scales.Studies and conser-vation efforts need to focus on smaller habitat types with particular emphasis on habitat factors such as aspect and soil conditions,which have significant influences on community species diversity,structural diversity,and ACS distribution.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52474073,52288101,52120105007,51804327)Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(ZR2023ME016)Climb Taishan Scholar Program in Shandong Province(tspd20230605).
文摘CO_(2)injection into geological formations has been proven to be an effective approach for carbon storage.When dissolved in formation water,CO_(2)forms carbonic acid that induces mineral dissolution at pore surfaces under acidic conditions.Comprehensive understanding of geochemical interaction between carbonic acid and reservoir rocks is crucial for assessing environmental impact on geological formations.This study focuses on a tight oil sandstone reservoir.After characterizing basic petrophysical properties and mineral composition of rock samples,a series of carbonic acid corrosion experiments with both core and corresponding pure mineral samples were carried out,respectively.Dissolution solutions collected during the experiments were analyzed to examine the variations of ion concentrations in both core and pure mineral solutions.The carbonic acid-pure mineral corrosion kinetics were investigated.The correlations between carbonic acid with core and pure mineral corrosion scenarios were established from the sample mass,reaction rate,and ion concentration.The results show that after corrosion,the mass of calcite and dolomite in the rock sample decreased by 66.7%and 27.3%,respectively.When the corrosion was stabilized,the concentrations of Ca^(2+)and Mg^(2+)in the core solution were 72.9 and 74.4 mg/L.respectively,which was 40.5-41.3 times higher than that of Na+.The reaction kinetics analysis of carbonic acid-rock revealed a two-stage reaction in the pure mineral corrosion process,rapid reaction stage,and slow reaction stage,with different reaction rate constants and reaction orders for each ion.With the correlation between carbonic acid reaction with core and pure minerals,an effective and rapid evaluation method with pure minerals for the carbonic water-rock reaction is established,which costs a shorter time and is easier to investigate.This study provides a simple and faster method to evaluate the carbonic acid corrosion reaction during geological carbon storage.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFD1900503).
文摘Carbon storage serves as a key indicator of ecosystem services and plays a vital role in maintaining the global carbon balance.Land use and cover change(LUCC)is one of the primary drivers influencing carbon storage variations in terrestrial ecosystems.Therefore,evaluating the impacts of LUCC on carbon storage is crucial for achieving strategic goals such as the China’s dual carbon goals(including carbon peaking and carbon neutrality).This study focuses on the Aral Irrigation Area in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,China,to assess the impacts of LUCC on regional carbon storage and their spatiotemporal dynamics.A comprehensive LUCC database from 2000 to 2020 was developed using Landsat satellite imagery and the random forest classification algorithm.The integrated valuation of ecosystem services and trade-offs(InVEST)model was applied to quantify carbon storage and analyze its response to LUCC.Additionally,future LUCC patterns for 2030 were projected under multiple development scenarios using the patch-generating land use simulation(PLUS)model.These future LUCC scenarios were integrated with the InVEST model to simulate carbon storage trends under different land management pathways.Between 2000 and 2020,the dominant land use types in the study area were cropland(area proportion of 35.52%),unused land(34.80%),and orchard land(12.19%).The conversion of unused land and orchard land significantly expanded the area of cropland,which increased by 115,742.55 hm^(2).During this period,total carbon storage and carbon density increased by 7.87×10^(6) Mg C and 20.19 Mg C/hm^(2),respectively.The primary driver of this increase was the conversion of unused land into cropland,accounting for 49.28%of the total carbon storage gain.Carbon storage was notably lower along the northeastern and southeastern edges.By 2030,the projected carbon storage is expected to increase by 0.99×10^(6),1.55×10^(6),and 1.71×10^(6) Mg C under the natural development,cropland protection,and ecological conservation scenarios,respectively.In contrast,under the urban development scenario,carbon storage is projected to decline by 0.40×10^(6) Mg C.In line with China’s dual carbon goals,the ecological conservation scenario emerges as the most effective strategy for enhancing carbon storage.Accordingly,strict enforcement of the cropland red line is recommended.This study provides a valuable scientific foundation for regional ecosystem restoration and sustainable development in arid regions.
基金supported by China Geological Survey(DD20211301).
文摘This research investigates the ecological importance,changes,and status of mangrove wetlands along China’s coastline.Visual interpretation,geological surveys,and ISO clustering unsupervised classification methods are employed to interpret mangrove distribution from remote sensing images from 2021,utilizing ArcGIS software platform.Furthermore,the carbon storage capacity of mangrove wetlands is quantified using the carbon storage module of InVEST model.Results show that the mangrove wetlands in China covered an area of 278.85 km2 in 2021,predominantly distributed in Hainan,Guangxi,Guangdong,Fujian,Zhejiang,Taiwan,Hong Kong,and Macao.The total carbon storage is assessed at 2.11×10^(6) t,with specific regional data provided.Trends since the 1950s reveal periods of increase,decrease,sharp decrease,and slight-steady increases in mangrove areas in China.An important finding is the predominant replacement of natural coastlines adjacent to mangrove wetlands by artificial ones,highlighting the need for creating suitable spaces for mangrove restoration.This study is poised to guide future mangroverelated investigations and conservation strategies.
基金supported by the Innovation Projects for Overseas Returnees of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region-Study on Multi-Scenario Land Use Optimization and Carbon Storage in the Ningxia Section of Yellow River Basin(202303)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42067022,41761066)the Natural Science Foundation of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,China(2022AAC03024)。
文摘Regional sustainable development necessitates a holistic understanding of spatiotemporal variations in ecosystem carbon storage(ECS),particularly in ecologically sensitive areas with arid and semi-arid climate.In this study,we calculated the ECS in the Ningxia Section of Yellow River Basin,China from 1985 to 2020 using the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs(InVEST)model based on land use data.We further predicted the spatial distribution of ECS in 2050 under four land use scenarios:natural development scenario(NDS),ecological protection scenario(EPS),cultivated land protection scenario(CPS),and urban development scenario(UDS)using the patch-generating land use simulation(PLUS)model,and quantified the influences of natural and human factors on the spatial differentiation of ECS using the geographical detector(Geodetector).Results showed that the total ECS of the study area initially increased from 1985 until reaching a peak at 402.36×10^(6) t in 2010,followed by a decreasing trend to 2050.The spatial distribution of ECS was characterized by high values in the eastern and southern parts of the study area,and low values in the western and northern parts.Between 1985 and 2020,land use changes occurred mainly through the expansion of cultivated land,woodland,and construction land at the expense of unused land.The total ECS in 2050 under different land use scenarios(ranked as EPS>CPS>NDS>UDS)would be lower than that in 2020.Nighttime light was the largest contributor to the spatial differentiation of ECS,with soil type and annual mean temperature being the major natural driving factors.Findings of this study could provide guidance on the ecological construction and high-quality development in arid and semi-arid areas.
基金funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFD2200503-02)。
文摘The diameter distribution function(DDF)is a crucial tool for accurately predicting stand carbon storage(CS).The current key issue,however,is how to construct a high-precision DDF based on stand factors,site quality,and aridity index to predict stand CS in multi-species mixed forests with complex structures.This study used data from70 survey plots for mixed broadleaf Populus davidiana and Betula platyphylla forests in the Mulan Rangeland State Forest,Hebei Province,China,to construct the DDF based on maximum likelihood estimation and finite mixture model(FMM).Ordinary least squares(OLS),linear seemingly unrelated regression(LSUR),and back propagation neural network(BPNN)were used to investigate the influences of stand factors,site quality,and aridity index on the shape and scale parameters of DDF and predicted stand CS of mixed broadleaf forests.The results showed that FMM accurately described the stand-level diameter distribution of the mixed P.davidiana and B.platyphylla forests;whereas the Weibull function constructed by MLE was more accurate in describing species-level diameter distribution.The combined variable of quadratic mean diameter(Dq),stand basal area(BA),and site quality improved the accuracy of the shape parameter models of FMM;the combined variable of Dq,BA,and De Martonne aridity index improved the accuracy of the scale parameter models.Compared to OLS and LSUR,the BPNN had higher accuracy in the re-parameterization process of FMM.OLS,LSUR,and BPNN overestimated the CS of P.davidiana but underestimated the CS of B.platyphylla in the large diameter classes(DBH≥18 cm).BPNN accurately estimated stand-and species-level CS,but it was more suitable for estimating stand-level CS compared to species-level CS,thereby providing a scientific basis for the optimization of stand structure and assessment of carbon sequestration capacity in mixed broadleaf forests.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32201429)the College of Landscape Architecture and Art,Northwest A&F University,China.
文摘Tree plantation and forest restoration are the major strategies for enhancing terrestrial carbon sequestration and mitigating climate change.The Grain for Green Project in China has positively impacted global carbon sequestration and the trend towards fragmentation of plantation forests.Limited studies have been conducted on changes in plantation biomass and stand structure caused by fragmentation,and the effect of fragmentation on the carbon storage of plantation forests remains unclear.This study evaluated the differences between carbon storage and stand structure in black locust forests in fragmented and continuous landscape in the Ansai District,China and discussed the effects of ecological significance of four landscape indices on carbon storage and tree density.We used structural equation modelling to explore the direct and indirect effects of fragmentation,edge,abiotic factors,and stand structure on above-ground carbon storage.Diameter at breast height(DBH)in fragmented forests was 53.3%thicker,tree density was 40.9%lower,and carbon storage was 49.8%higher than those in continuous forests;for all given DBH>10 cm,the trees in fragmented forests were shorter than those in continuous forests.The patch area had a negative impact on carbon storage,i.e.,the higher the degree of fragmentation,the lower the density of the tree;and fragmentation and distance to edge(DTE)directly increased canopy coverage.However,canopy coverage directly decreased carbon storage,and fragmentation directly increased carbon storage and tree density.In non-commercial forests,fragmentation reduces the carbon storage potential of plantation,and the influence of patch area,edge,and patchy connection on plantation should be considered when follow-up trees are planted and for the plantation management.Thus,expanding the area of plantation patches,repairing the edges of complex-shaped patches,enhancing the connectivity of similar patches,and applying nutrients to plantation forests at regular intervals are recommended in fragmented areas of the Loess Plateau.
基金Under the auspices of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41971219,41571168)Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(No.2020JJ4372)Philosophy and Social Science Fund Project of Hunan Province(No.18ZDB015)。
文摘Terrestrial carbon storage(CS)plays a crucial role in achieving carbon balance and mitigating global climate change.This study employs the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways and Representative Concentration Pathways(SSPs-RCPs)published by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC)and incorporates the Policy Control Scenario(PCS)regulated by China’s land management policies.The Future Land Use Simulation(FLUS)model is employed to generate a 1 km resolution land use/cover change(LUCC)dataset for China in 2030 and 2060.Based on the carbon density dataset of China’s terrestrial ecosystems,the study analyses CS changes and their relationship with land use changes spanning from 1990 to 2060.The findings indicate that the quantitative changes in land use in China from 1990 to 2020 are characterised by a reduction in the area proportion of cropland and grassland,along with an increase in the impervious surface and forest area.This changing trend is projected to continue under the PCS from 2020 to 2060.Under the SSPs-RCPs scenario,the proportion of cropland and impervious surface predominantly increases,while the proportions of forest and grassland continuously decrease.Carbon loss in China’s carbon storage from 1990 to 2020 amounted to 0.53×10^(12)kg,primarily due to the reduced area of cropland and grassland.In the SSPs-RCPs scenario,more significant carbon loss occurs,reaching a peak of8.07×10^(12)kg in the SSP4-RCP3.4 scenario.Carbon loss is mainly concentrated in the southeastern coastal area and the Beijing-TianjinHebei(BTH)region of China,with urbanisation and deforestation identified as the primary drivers.In the future,it is advisable to enhance the protection of forests and grassland while stabilising cropland areas and improving the intensity of urban land.These research findings offer valuable data support for China’s land management policy,land space optimisation,and the achievement of dual-carbon targets.
基金Key Laboratory of Deep-time Geography and Environment Reconstruction and Applications of Ministry of Natural ResourcesChengdu University of Technology:DGERA20231110。
文摘Excessive carbon emissions have resulted in the greenhouse effect, causing considerable global climate change. Marine carbon storage has emerged as a crucial approach to addressing climate change. The Qiantang Sag(QTS) in the East China Sea Shelf Basin, characterized by its extensive area, thick sedimentary strata, and optimal depth, presents distinct geological advantages for carbon dioxide(CO_(2)) storage. Focusing on the lower section of the Shimentan Formation in the Upper Cretaceous of the QTS, this study integrates seismic interpretation and drilling data with core and thin-section analysis. We reveal the vertical variation characteristics of the strata by providing a detailed stratigraphic description. We use petrophysical data to reveal the development characteristics of high-quality carbon-storage layers and favorable reservoircaprock combinations, thereby evaluating the geological conditions for CO_(2) storage in various stratigraphic sections. We identify Layer B of the lower Shimentan Formation as the most advantageous stratum for marine CO_(2) storage. Furthermore, we analyze the carbon emission trends in the adjacent Yangtze River Delta region. Considering the characteristics of the source and sink areas, we suggest a strong correlation between the carbon emission sources of the Yangtze River Delta and the CO_(2) storage area of the QTS, making the latter a priority area for conducting experiments on marine CO_(2) storage.
基金This research was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No: 40473054) Agricultural Tech-nological Production Translation of Science and Technology of Minis-try (No: 05EFN216600446).
文摘This paper examined the carbon storage and flux of vegetation-litter-soil in alpine tundra ecosystems in Changbai Mountains. Approximately 17251 t·a-1 of carbon was yearly stored in the vegetation and 15043.1 t·a^-1of carbon flew into soil by litters. The vegetation-litter-soil ecosystem stored 452624 t·a^-1 of carbon, which was the important CO2 sink. The net carbon storage was currently 3146 t·a^-1 in vegetation-litter-soil ecosystem.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31360320)~~
文摘Objective] The research aimed to study soil organic carbon and total ni-trogen distribution in oasis cotton farmland. [Method] With the oasis cotton field of Manas River Val ey in Tianshan Mountains as the research area and abandoned farmland as a control, the distribution characteristics of soil organic carbon and total nitrogen content in the cotton field of Manas River Val ey in the last 23 years were investigated by using geographic methods. [Result] Presenting vertical distribution, cotton soil organic carbon and total nitrogen content in Manas River Val ey de-creased with the increase of soil depth, and those in 0-30 cm soil layer was sig-nificantly higher than those in soil layer of below 30 cm, while organic carbon stor-age showed the trend of increase. Also in vertical distribution, soil organic carbon and total nitrogen decreased significantly with the increase of soil depth, and soil organic carbon content in abandoned farmland decreased month by month. Howev-er, cotton soil organic carbon storage firstly decreased and then increased in the oasis cotton field that in the early growth of cotton, soil organic carbon in the layers of 0-30 and 30-100 cm decreased to the lowest in the bloom stage, and then or-ganic carbon increased with the reproductive growth of cotton into the later stages. However, due to no input of plant litter in the abandoned farmland, the soil organic carbon storage decreased month by month. There were significantly differences be-tween oasis cotton field and abandoned farmland in organic carbon contents. [Con-clusion] The soil organic carbon content and total nitrogen content in oasis cotton field were significantly higher than those in the abandoned farmland. The soil organ-ic carbon storage increased in the layer of 0-30 cm, while there was no significant change of soil organic carbon and total nitrogen content in the layer of 30-100 cm, which was consistent with the previous study on the distribution characteristics of soil organic carbon and total nitrogen content profile.
文摘This paper summarized the studies on biomass production, biomass growth models, biomass measurement, biomass and forest density, as well as carbon storage of poplars in China in recent 20 years. The existing problems on research of poplar biomass are discussed and some suggestions for enhancing biomass of poplars are put forward.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.41671090National Basic Research Program(973 Program),No.2015CB452702。
文摘Regional land use change is the main cause of the ecosystem carbon storage changes by affecting emission and sink process.However,there has been little research on the influence of land use changes for ecosystem carbon storage at both temporal and spatial scales.For this study,the Qihe catchment in the southern part of the Taihang Mountains was taken as an example;its land use change from 2005 to 2015 was analyzed,the Markov-CLUE-S composite model was used to predict land use patterns in 2025 under natural growth,cultivated land protection and ecological conservation scenario,and the land use data were used to evaluate ecosystem carbon storage under different scenarios for the recent 10-year interval and the future based on the carbon storage module of the In VEST model.The results show the following:(1) the ecosystem carbon storage and average carbon density of Qihe catchment were 3.16×107 t and 141.9 t/ha,respectively,and decreased by 0.07×107 t and 2.89 t/ha in the decade evaluated.(2) During 2005–2015,carbon density mainly decreased in low altitude areas.For high altitude area,regions with increased carbon density comprised a similar percentage to regions with decreased carbon density.The significant increase of the construction areas in the middle and lower reaches of Qihe and the degradation of upper reach woodland were core reasons for carbon density decrease.(3) For 2015–2025,under natural growth scenario,carbon storage and carbon density also significantly decrease,mainly due to the decrease of carbon sequestration capacity in low altitude areas;under cultivated land protection scenario,the decrease of carbon storage and carbon density will slow down,mainly due to the increase of carbon sequestration capacity in low altitude areas;under ecological conservation scenario,carbon storage and carbon density significantly increase and reach 3.19×107 t and 143.26 t/ha,respectively,mainly in regions above 1100 m in altitude.Ecological conservation scenario can enhance carbon sequestration capacity but cannot effectively control the reduction of cultivated land areas.Thus,land use planning of research areas should consider both ecological conservation and cultivated land protection scenarios to increase carbon sink and ensure the cultivated land quality and food safety.
基金supported by the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No. KZCX2-YW-405)the Innovation Group Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.40621061)
文摘Tree species composition was important for carbon storage within the same climate range.To quantify the dynamics of ecosystem carbon allocation as affected by different tree species,we measured the above-and below-ground biomass accumulation in 22 years,as well as the tissue carbon concentrations of trees in Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation and Michelia macclurei plantation.Results indicated that M.macclurei plantation significantly stored more carbon（174.8 tons/hm2） than C.lanceolata plantation（154.3 tons/hm2）.Most of the carbon was found in the soil pool（57.1% in M.macclurei plantation,55.2% in C.lanceolata plantation）.Tree and soil component of M.macclurei plantation possessed significantly higher carbon storage than that of C.lanceolata plantation（p 〈 0.05）.No significant difference was found in the carbon storage of understory and forest floor.These results suggest that the broadleaved species（M.macclurei） possesses greater carbon sequestration potential than the coniferous species（C.lanceolata） in southern China.
基金Project supported by the National Key Basic Research and Development Program of China (No. 2002CB412501), theKnowledge Innovation Key Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. KZCX1-SW-01-19), and the Integrated Interdis-ciplinary Science Plan of Land-Use/Land-Cover and Terrestrial Carbon Process of Institute of Geographical Sciences andNatural Resources Research (No. CXIOG-E01-02-02).
文摘The soil organic carbon (SOC) pool is the largest component of terrestrial carbon pools. With the construction of a geographically referenced database taken from the second national general soil survey materials and based on 1546 typical cropland soil profiles, the paddy field and dryland SOC storage among six regions of China were systematically quantified to characterize the spatial pattern of cropland SOC storage in China and to examine the relationship between mean annual temperature, precipitation, soil texture features and SOC content. In all regions, paddy soils had higher SOC storage than dryland soils, and cropland SOC content was the highest in Southwest China. Climate controlled the spatial distribution of SOC in both paddy and dryland soils, with SOC storage increasing with increasing precipitation and decreasing with increasing temperature.
