The in-situ generated oxyanions at electrochemically reconstructed catalysts from metal-based nonoxide compounds have been proven to significantly accelerate oxygen evolution reaction(OER)kinetics.However,it remains a...The in-situ generated oxyanions at electrochemically reconstructed catalysts from metal-based nonoxide compounds have been proven to significantly accelerate oxygen evolution reaction(OER)kinetics.However,it remains a challenge to retain these self-released oxyanions at reconstructed catalysts,hindering its utilization as a tool to develop efficient OER catalysts.Here,we demonstrate a versatile selftransformed carbonate regulation strategy to efficiently retain the self-released chalcogenate at Co oxyhydroxides reconstructed from carbon-incorporated Co selenides under OER conditions.These selftransformed CO_(3)^(2-)can induce electron accumulation and narrow d bond at Co sites to facilitate the Co3d-O 2p orbital hybridization between Co sites and SeO_(x)^(2-)for enhanced SeO_(x)^(2-)retention,which can accelerate the rate-limiting step for^(*)OOH formation during OER.Relative to CoOOH-SeO_(x)^(2-)with limited SeO_(x)^(2-)residues,CoOOH-CO_(3)^(2-)/SeO_(x)^(2-)with elevated SeO_(x)^(2-)retention by CO_(3)^(2-)regulation exhibited a 5.6-fold increase in current density and a remarkable lower Tafel slope towards OER.This strategy paves a rational avenue to design efficient catalysts for electrooxidation reactions through finely regulating self-released oxyanions at reconstructed structures.展开更多
This study analyzes the potential impact of EU carbon border regulation mechanism(CBAM)on the export of China’s carbon-intensive products.First,we summarized the main content of the CBAM.Next,based on the input-outpu...This study analyzes the potential impact of EU carbon border regulation mechanism(CBAM)on the export of China’s carbon-intensive products.First,we summarized the main content of the CBAM.Next,based on the input-output theory,this study proposes a calculation model for the implicit carbon emissions and indirect carbon emissions from electricity consumption in export products and presents the corresponding calculation results.Based on the scenario analysis method,six carbon tariffscenarios were designed to evaluate the impact of the CBAM on the major export sectors under each scenario.The results showed that in 2021,the implicit carbon emissions in all products exported to Europe from China were approximately 375 million tons,of which the indirect carbon emissions from electricity were approximately 41.8 million tons,accounting for more than 10%.According to the current levy plan,China is expected to be subject to carbon tariffs of approximately USD 1.4 billion,accounting for 0.3%of its total export value to Europe in 2021.Finally,to reduce the adverse effects of CBAM,four measures were proposed from the perspective of the power industry.展开更多
Polyacrylonitrile-based commercial carbon fibers(CFs)have garnered significant attention in mechanical applications because of their exceptional mechanical properties.However,their functional versatility relies heavil...Polyacrylonitrile-based commercial carbon fibers(CFs)have garnered significant attention in mechanical applications because of their exceptional mechanical properties.However,their functional versatility relies heavily on the structural intricacies of duplex carbon layers.Current modification approaches,though effective,are encumbered by complexity and cost,limiting widespread adoption across diverse fields.We herein present a straightforward modification strategy centered on regulating carbon layers to unlock the multifunctional potential of CFs.Our method leverages two common anions,Cl^(-)and SO_(4)^(2-),to facilitate oxidation reactions in CFs under robust alkali and high voltage conditions.Cl^(-)effectively activates carbon layers,while SO_(4)^(2-)facilitates layer movement.The electrocatalytic activities of the resultant CFs are enhanced,with state-of-the-art performance as supercapacitors and exceptional stability.Moreover,our approach achieves a groundbreaking milestone by bending and fusing CFs without using binders.This breakthrough can reduce the manufacturing costs of CF-based products.It also facilitates the development of novel microelectronic devices.展开更多
An activated carbon pore-expanding technique was achieved through innovative reactivation by CO_2/microwave.The original and modified activated carbons were characterized by nitrogen adsorption–desorption,scanning el...An activated carbon pore-expanding technique was achieved through innovative reactivation by CO_2/microwave.The original and modified activated carbons were characterized by nitrogen adsorption–desorption,scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microcopy,and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.The mesopore volume increased from 0.122 cm^3·g^(-1) to 0.270 cm^3·g^(-1),and a hierarchical pore structure was formed.A gradual decrease in the phenolic hydroxyl and carboxyl groups on the surface of activated carbon enhanced the surface inertia of granular activated carbon(GAC).The toluene desorption rate of the modified sample increased by 8.81% compared with that of the original GAC.Adsorption isotherm fittings revealed that the Langmuir model was applicable for the original and modified activated carbons.The isosteric adsorption heat of toluene on the activated carbon decreased by approximately 50%,which endowed the modified sample with excellent stability in application.The modified samples showed an enhanced desorption performance of toluene,thereby opening a way to extend the cycle life and improve the economic performance of carbon adsorbent in practical engineering applications.展开更多
With the increasing awareness of low-carbon environmental protection,consumers prefer to purchase low-carbon products.In this paper,a two-echelon low-carbon supply chain consisting of one manufacturer and one retailer...With the increasing awareness of low-carbon environmental protection,consumers prefer to purchase low-carbon products.In this paper,a two-echelon low-carbon supply chain consisting of one manufacturer and one retailer in classic single-period model with emission-sensitive stochastic demand is investigated.Firstly,optimal results for the decentralized and centralized decisions in the basic model are presented respectively.It manifests the effect of double marginalization which shows not only a lower order quantity but also higher unit carbon emission.Then,we are going to discuss the introduction of a buyback and cost-sharing contract,and two main carbon emission regulations in the decentralized model.Finally,compared with the basic model,numerical examples are studied on the optimal solutions to the total profit for the supply chain,order quantity,and unit/total carbon emission as the demand sensitivity to carbon emission/green investment coefficient/demand variance varies respectively before reaching several significant conclusions.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (22002046 and 22379119)the Qin Chuangyuan High-level Innovative and Entrepreneurial Talent Program of Shaanxi Province (QCYRCXM-2023-045)+1 种基金the Youth Talent Support Program of Xi’an Association for Science and Technology (959202313070)the Young Top-notch Talent Program of Xi’an Jiaotong University (HG6J028)。
文摘The in-situ generated oxyanions at electrochemically reconstructed catalysts from metal-based nonoxide compounds have been proven to significantly accelerate oxygen evolution reaction(OER)kinetics.However,it remains a challenge to retain these self-released oxyanions at reconstructed catalysts,hindering its utilization as a tool to develop efficient OER catalysts.Here,we demonstrate a versatile selftransformed carbonate regulation strategy to efficiently retain the self-released chalcogenate at Co oxyhydroxides reconstructed from carbon-incorporated Co selenides under OER conditions.These selftransformed CO_(3)^(2-)can induce electron accumulation and narrow d bond at Co sites to facilitate the Co3d-O 2p orbital hybridization between Co sites and SeO_(x)^(2-)for enhanced SeO_(x)^(2-)retention,which can accelerate the rate-limiting step for^(*)OOH formation during OER.Relative to CoOOH-SeO_(x)^(2-)with limited SeO_(x)^(2-)residues,CoOOH-CO_(3)^(2-)/SeO_(x)^(2-)with elevated SeO_(x)^(2-)retention by CO_(3)^(2-)regulation exhibited a 5.6-fold increase in current density and a remarkable lower Tafel slope towards OER.This strategy paves a rational avenue to design efficient catalysts for electrooxidation reactions through finely regulating self-released oxyanions at reconstructed structures.
文摘This study analyzes the potential impact of EU carbon border regulation mechanism(CBAM)on the export of China’s carbon-intensive products.First,we summarized the main content of the CBAM.Next,based on the input-output theory,this study proposes a calculation model for the implicit carbon emissions and indirect carbon emissions from electricity consumption in export products and presents the corresponding calculation results.Based on the scenario analysis method,six carbon tariffscenarios were designed to evaluate the impact of the CBAM on the major export sectors under each scenario.The results showed that in 2021,the implicit carbon emissions in all products exported to Europe from China were approximately 375 million tons,of which the indirect carbon emissions from electricity were approximately 41.8 million tons,accounting for more than 10%.According to the current levy plan,China is expected to be subject to carbon tariffs of approximately USD 1.4 billion,accounting for 0.3%of its total export value to Europe in 2021.Finally,to reduce the adverse effects of CBAM,four measures were proposed from the perspective of the power industry.
基金support from the Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province(2019B111107002)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52478266 and 52108231)+1 种基金the Basic and Applied Basic Research Fund of Guangdong Province(2023A1515012150 and 2023A1515012409)the Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Program(20220810140230001 and 20220810160453001).
文摘Polyacrylonitrile-based commercial carbon fibers(CFs)have garnered significant attention in mechanical applications because of their exceptional mechanical properties.However,their functional versatility relies heavily on the structural intricacies of duplex carbon layers.Current modification approaches,though effective,are encumbered by complexity and cost,limiting widespread adoption across diverse fields.We herein present a straightforward modification strategy centered on regulating carbon layers to unlock the multifunctional potential of CFs.Our method leverages two common anions,Cl^(-)and SO_(4)^(2-),to facilitate oxidation reactions in CFs under robust alkali and high voltage conditions.Cl^(-)effectively activates carbon layers,while SO_(4)^(2-)facilitates layer movement.The electrocatalytic activities of the resultant CFs are enhanced,with state-of-the-art performance as supercapacitors and exceptional stability.Moreover,our approach achieves a groundbreaking milestone by bending and fusing CFs without using binders.This breakthrough can reduce the manufacturing costs of CF-based products.It also facilitates the development of novel microelectronic devices.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21506194,21676255)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(Y16B070025)the Commission of Science and Technology of Zhejiang Province(2013C03021,2017C33106)
文摘An activated carbon pore-expanding technique was achieved through innovative reactivation by CO_2/microwave.The original and modified activated carbons were characterized by nitrogen adsorption–desorption,scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microcopy,and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.The mesopore volume increased from 0.122 cm^3·g^(-1) to 0.270 cm^3·g^(-1),and a hierarchical pore structure was formed.A gradual decrease in the phenolic hydroxyl and carboxyl groups on the surface of activated carbon enhanced the surface inertia of granular activated carbon(GAC).The toluene desorption rate of the modified sample increased by 8.81% compared with that of the original GAC.Adsorption isotherm fittings revealed that the Langmuir model was applicable for the original and modified activated carbons.The isosteric adsorption heat of toluene on the activated carbon decreased by approximately 50%,which endowed the modified sample with excellent stability in application.The modified samples showed an enhanced desorption performance of toluene,thereby opening a way to extend the cycle life and improve the economic performance of carbon adsorbent in practical engineering applications.
基金supported by the National Social Science Foundation of China[grant number 17BGL083].
文摘With the increasing awareness of low-carbon environmental protection,consumers prefer to purchase low-carbon products.In this paper,a two-echelon low-carbon supply chain consisting of one manufacturer and one retailer in classic single-period model with emission-sensitive stochastic demand is investigated.Firstly,optimal results for the decentralized and centralized decisions in the basic model are presented respectively.It manifests the effect of double marginalization which shows not only a lower order quantity but also higher unit carbon emission.Then,we are going to discuss the introduction of a buyback and cost-sharing contract,and two main carbon emission regulations in the decentralized model.Finally,compared with the basic model,numerical examples are studied on the optimal solutions to the total profit for the supply chain,order quantity,and unit/total carbon emission as the demand sensitivity to carbon emission/green investment coefficient/demand variance varies respectively before reaching several significant conclusions.
