Acute carbon monoxide(CO) poisoning constitutes a lethal hazard globally,causing substantial mortality and morbidity worldwide.^([1-2]) Studies have shown that multiple mechanisms contribute to acute CO poisoning,incl...Acute carbon monoxide(CO) poisoning constitutes a lethal hazard globally,causing substantial mortality and morbidity worldwide.^([1-2]) Studies have shown that multiple mechanisms contribute to acute CO poisoning,including ischemic-hypoxic injury,reactive oxygen species(ROS) generation and inflammatory responses.^([2-5]) Furthermore,excessive inflammatory responses can induce adverse metabolic changes.^([6-7]) Considering these evidence,an interaction may exist between acute CO poisoning and both inflammatory factors and metabolites.However,the mechanisms through which inflammatory factors mediate CO toxicity via metabolic pathways remain largely unexplored.展开更多
Carbon monoxide-from toxicity to therapeutic potential:Carbon monoxide(CO)has long been known as a toxic gas,primarily associated with environmental pollution and poisoning.Its strong affinity for hemoglobin causes th...Carbon monoxide-from toxicity to therapeutic potential:Carbon monoxide(CO)has long been known as a toxic gas,primarily associated with environmental pollution and poisoning.Its strong affinity for hemoglobin causes the formation of carboxyhemoglobin,which reduces oxygen delivery to the tissues and organs and leads to hypoxia.Despite its well-documented toxicity,previous studies have confirmed that CO also acts as a signaling molecule in the body and plays important physiological roles(Motterlini and Otterbein,2010).展开更多
It is challenging to diagnose isolated hyperbilirubinemia with rare and complex etiologies under the constraints of traditional testing conditions.Herein,we present a rare case of coexisting Gilbert syndrome(GS)and er...It is challenging to diagnose isolated hyperbilirubinemia with rare and complex etiologies under the constraints of traditional testing conditions.Herein,we present a rare case of coexisting Gilbert syndrome(GS)and erythropoietic protoporphyria(EPP),which has not been previously documented.CASE SUMMARY We present a rare case of coexisting GS and EPP in a 23-year-old Chinese male with a long history of jaundice and recently found splenomegaly.Serial nonspecific hemolysis screening tests yielded inconsistent results,and investigations for common hemolytic etiologies were negative.However,Levitt’s carbon monoxide breath test,which measures erythrocyte lifespan(the gold-standard marker of hemolysis),demonstrated significant hemolysis,revealing a markedly shortened erythrocyte lifespan of 11 days(normal average 120 days).Genetic testing subsequently confirmed EPP with a homozygous ferrochelatase gene mutation and GS with a heterozygous uridine diphosphate glucuronosyl trans-ferase 1A1 gene mutation.CONCLUSION The rapid,non-invasive Levitt’s carbon monoxide breath test resolved the diagnostic challenge posed by a rare and complex cause of hyperbilirubinemia.展开更多
Objective:The neurotoxicity of carbon monoxide(CO)to the central nervous system is a key pathogenesis of delayed encephalopathy after acute carbon monoxide poisoning(DEACMP).Our previous study found that retinoic acid...Objective:The neurotoxicity of carbon monoxide(CO)to the central nervous system is a key pathogenesis of delayed encephalopathy after acute carbon monoxide poisoning(DEACMP).Our previous study found that retinoic acid(RA)can suppress the neurotoxic effects of CO.This study further explores,in vivo and in vitro,the molecular mechanisms by which RA alleviates CO-induced central nervous system damage.Methods:A cytotoxic model was established using the mouse hippocampal neuronal cell line HT22 and primary oligodendrocytes exposed to CO,and a DEACMP animal model was established in adult Kunming mice.Cell viability and apoptosis of hippocampal neurons and oligodendrocytes were assessed using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide(MTT)assay and Annexin V/propidium iodide(PI)double staining.The transcriptional and protein expression of each gene was detected using real time fluorescence quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR)and Western blotting.Long noncoding RNA(lncRNA)SNHG15 and LINGO-1 were knocked down or overexpressed to observe changes in neurons and oligodendrocytes.In DEACMP mice,SNHG15 or LINGO-1 were knocked down to assess changes in central nervous tissue and downstream protein expression.Results:RA at 10 and 20μmol/L significantly reversed CO-induced apoptosis of hippocampal neurons and oligodendrocytes,downregulation of SNHG15 and LINGO-1,and upregulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)and tyrosine kinase receptor B(TrkB)(all P<0.05).Overexpression of SNHG15 or LINGO-1 weakened the protective effect of RA against CO-induced cytotoxicity(all P<0.05).Knockdown of SNHG15 or LINGO-1 alleviated CO-induced apoptosis of hippocampal neurons and oligodendrocytes and upregulated BDNF and TrkB expression levels(all P<0.05).Experiments in DEACMP model mice showed that knockdown of SNHG15 or LINGO-1 mitigated central nervous system injury in DEACMP(all P<0.05).Conclusion:RA alleviates CO-induced apoptosis of hippocampal neurons and oligodendrocytes,thereby reducing central nervous system injury and exerting neuroprotective effects.LncRNA SNHG15 and LINGO-1 are key molecules mediating RA induced inhibition of neuronal apoptosis and are associated with the BDNF/TrkB pathway.These findings provide a theoretical framework for optimizing the clinical treatment of DEACMP and lay an experimental foundation for elucidating its molecular mechanisms.展开更多
Carbon monoxide(CO)is a crucial gaseous signaling molecule that regulates various physiological and pathological processes,and may exert an anti-inflammatory and protective role in drug-induced liver injury(DILI).Desp...Carbon monoxide(CO)is a crucial gaseous signaling molecule that regulates various physiological and pathological processes,and may exert an anti-inflammatory and protective role in drug-induced liver injury(DILI).Despite this,understanding the exact relationship between CO and the occurrence and development of DILI remains challenging.Hence,there is an urgent need to develop a reliable and robust tool for the rapid visual detection and assessment of CO in this context.Herein,we presented a novel near-infrared(NIR)fluorescent nanoprobe with aggregation-induced emission(AIE)properties and excited-state intramolecular proton transfer(ESIPT)characteristics for the detection and imaging of CO both in vitro and in vivo.Simultaneously,the nanoprobe enables self-assembly form nanoaggregates in aqueous media with high biocompatible,which can sense CO in situ through the conversion of yellowto-red fluorescence facilitated aggregation-induced dual-color fluorescence.What is more,this nanoprobe shows ratiometric respond to CO,which demonstrates excellent stability,high sensitivity(with a detection limit of 12.5 nmol/L),and superior selectivity.Crucially,this nanoprobe enables the visual detection of exogenous and endogenous CO in living cells and tissues affected by DILI,offering a user-friendly tool for real-time visualization of CO in living system.Hence,it holds great promise in advancing our understanding of CO’s role.展开更多
The Hyperspectral Infrared Atmospheric Sounder-II(HIRAS-II)onboard China’s FungYun(FY)-3F meteorological satellite was launched in August 2023.This study presents the first attempt to retrieve the global carbon monox...The Hyperspectral Infrared Atmospheric Sounder-II(HIRAS-II)onboard China’s FungYun(FY)-3F meteorological satellite was launched in August 2023.This study presents the first attempt to retrieve the global carbon monoxide(CO)column from HIRAS-II/FY-3F spectra based on a newly established full-physics algorithm.The CO global columns derived from the HIRAS-II/FY-3F satellite are compared to measurements from the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer(IASI)onboard Europe’s MetopB satellite,as both satellites have the same spectral range with a similar overpass time.The correlation coefficient between the IASI/Metop-B and HIRAS-II/FY-3F CO retrievals is about 0.8.The HIRAS-II/FY-3F satellite can capture well the regions with high CO values,e.g.,Africa,North America,and East Asia.The relative difference in the CO global column between HIRAS-II and IASI is 1.2±13.7(1)%,which is within their combined retrieval uncertainty.The CO plumes from the fire emissions in North America between 18 and 23 July 2024 were observed by the HIRAS-II/FY-3F satellite and consistent with the CAMS(Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service)model simulations.Our results show that the HIRAS-II/FY-3F spectra are of good enough quality to provide quantitative observations of global CO column remote sensing observations.展开更多
The non-isothermal reduction kinetics and mechanism of Fe2O3-NiO composites with different Fe2O3-NiO compacts using carbon monoxide as reductant were investigated. The results show that the reduction degree increases ...The non-isothermal reduction kinetics and mechanism of Fe2O3-NiO composites with different Fe2O3-NiO compacts using carbon monoxide as reductant were investigated. The results show that the reduction degree increases rapidly with increasing the content of NiO, and the presence of NiO also improves the reduction rate of iron oxides. It is found that NiO is preferentially reduced at the beginning of the reactions, and then the metallic Ni acts as a catalyst promoting the reduction rate of iron oxides. It is also observed that the increase of the Ni O content enhances the formation of awaruite(FeNi3) but decreases the percentage of kamacite(Fe,Ni) and taenite(Fe,Ni). The particle size of the materials tends to be uniform during the reduction process due to the presence of metallic nickel, metallic iron and the formation of Fe-Ni alloy. The concentration of CO in the product gas is greater than that of CO2 at the beginning of the reaction and then slows down. The fastest reduction rate of Fe2O3-NiO composites with CO appears at 400-500 °C, and nucleation growth model can be used to elucidate the reduction mechanism. Nucleation growth process is found to be the rate controlling step when the temperature is lower than 1000 °C.展开更多
Iron ore powder was isothermally reduced at 1023-1373 Kwith hydrogen/carbon monoxide gas mixture(from 0vol%H_(2)/100vol%CO to 100vol%H_(2)/0vol%CO).Results indicated that the whole reduction process could be divided i...Iron ore powder was isothermally reduced at 1023-1373 Kwith hydrogen/carbon monoxide gas mixture(from 0vol%H_(2)/100vol%CO to 100vol%H_(2)/0vol%CO).Results indicated that the whole reduction process could be divided into two parts that proceed in series.The first part represents a double-step reduction(Fe_(2)O_(3)→Fe_(3)O_(4)→FeO),in which the kinetic condition is more feasible compared with that in the second part representing a single-step reduction(FeO→Fe).The influence of hydrogen partial pressure on the reduction rate gradually increases as the reaction proceeds.The average reduction rate of hematite ore with pure hydrogen is about three and four times higher than that with pure carbon monoxide at 1173 and 1373 K,respectively.In addition,the logarithm of the average rate is linear to the composition of the gas mixture.Hydrogen can prominently promote carbon deposition to about 30%at 1023 K.The apparent activation energy of the reduction stage increases from about 35.0 to 45.4 kJ/mol with the increase in hydrogen content from 20vol%to 100vol%.This finding reveals that the possible rate-controlling step at this stage is the combined gas diffusion and interfacial chemical reaction.展开更多
Currently, there is no known optimal therapy for carbon monoxide （CO） poisoning and CO-associated delayed neu- rological sequelae. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy （HBOT） is a well-known treatment method, but its use for...Currently, there is no known optimal therapy for carbon monoxide （CO） poisoning and CO-associated delayed neu- rological sequelae. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy （HBOT） is a well-known treatment method, but its use for CO poison- ing patients is controversial to use due to lack of evidences regarding its efficacy. Thus, it is unlikely that HBOT alone will be accepted as the standard treatment method. In this article, current and potential treatment methods of CO poi- soning are presented as well as the tentative multi-factorial pathophysiology. A series of treatments are suggested for use as a bundle therapy, with targeted temperature management as the base treatment method. Such a therapy holds a great potential, especially for the cases where HBOT is not readily available. We suggest further investigations for elucidating the effects of these suggested treatments and their roles in terms of the complex pathophysiology of CO poisoning. Future ac- ceptance of this therapy based on the improved scientific and clinical knowledge may result in injury prevention and mini- mization of the signs and the symptoms in CO poisoning.展开更多
A series of copper-cobalt oxides supported on nano-titanium dioxide were prepared for the reduction of nitric oxide with carbon monoxide and characterized using techniques such as XRD,BET and TPR.Catalyst CuCoOx/TiO2 ...A series of copper-cobalt oxides supported on nano-titanium dioxide were prepared for the reduction of nitric oxide with carbon monoxide and characterized using techniques such as XRD,BET and TPR.Catalyst CuCoOx/TiO2 with Cu/Co molar ratio of 1/2,CuCo total loading of 30%at the calcination temperature of 350℃formed CuCo204 spinel and had the highest activity.NO conversion reached 98.9%at 200℃.Mechanism of the reduction was also investigated,N20 was mainly yielded below 100℃,while N2 was produced instead at higher temperature.O2 was supposed to accelerate the reaction between NOx and CO for its oxidation of NO to give more easily reduced NO2,but the oxidation of CO by O2 to CO2 decreased the speed of the reaction greatly.Either SO2 or H20 had no adverse impact on the activity of NO reduction;however,in the presence of both SO2 and H20,the catalyst deactivated quickly.展开更多
In the present work, selective methanation of carbon monoxide in hydrogen rich stream was investigated over Ni/CeO2 nanocatalysts. The obtained results revealed that increasing in nickel loading decreased the BET surf...In the present work, selective methanation of carbon monoxide in hydrogen rich stream was investigated over Ni/CeO2 nanocatalysts. The obtained results revealed that increasing in nickel loading decreased the BET surface area, pore vohune and nickel dispersion. The 25%Ni/CeO2 with a NiO crystal size of 12 nm exhibited the highest activity in CO methanation reaction and reached to maximum CO conversion and CH4 selectivity at temperatures above 230 ℃. The catalytic results revealed that CO selective methanation well progressed at lower temperatures while CO2 methanation was completely suppressed until CO conversion reached to maximum value.展开更多
Objective To observe the protection of carbon monoxide （CO） inhalation on lipopolysaccharide （LPS）-induced rat multiple organ injury. Methods Sprague-Dawley rats with multiple organ injury induced by 5 mg/kg LPS i...Objective To observe the protection of carbon monoxide （CO） inhalation on lipopolysaccharide （LPS）-induced rat multiple organ injury. Methods Sprague-Dawley rats with multiple organ injury induced by 5 mg/kg LPS intravenous injection were exposed to room air or 2.5 × 10 ^-4 （V/V） CO for 3 hours. The lung and intestine tissues of rats were harvested to measure the expression of heme oxygenase-1 （ HO-1 ） with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, the levels of pulmonary tumor necrosis factor-or （ TNF-α）, interleukin-6 （ IL-6）, and intestinal platelet activator factor （ PAF）, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 （ICAM-1） with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, the content of maleic dialdehyde （MDA） and the activity of myeloperoxidase （MPO） with chemical method, the cell apoptosis rate with flow cytometry, and the pathological changes with light microscope. Results CO inhalation obviously up-regulated the expression of HO-1 in lung （5.43 ± 0. 92） and intestine （6. 29 ± 1.56） in LPS ＋ CO group compared with （ 3.08 ± 0. 82） and （ 3.97 ± 1.16 ） in LPS group （ both P 〈 0. 05 ）. The levels of TNF-ot, IL-6 in lung and PAF, ICAM-1 in intestine ofLPS ＋ CO group were 0. 91 ±0. 25,0. 64 ±0.05, 1. 19 ± 0. 52, and 1.83 ±0. 35 pg/mg, respectively, significantly lower than the corresponding values in LPS group （ 1.48 ± 0. 23, 1.16 ± 0. 26, 1.84 ± 0. 73, and 3.48 ± 0. 36 pg/mg, all P 〈 0. 05 ）. The levels of MDA, MPO, and cell apoptosis rate in lung and intestine of LPS ＋ CO group were 1.02 ± 0. 23 nmol/mg, 1.74 ± 0. 17 nmol/mg, 7.18 ± 1.62 U/mg, 6. 30 ±0. 97 U/mg, 1.60% ±0. 34%, and 30. 56% ±6. 33%, respectively, significantly lower than the corresponding values in LPS group （ 1.27 ± 0. 33 nmol/mg, 2. 75 ± 0. 39 nmol/mg, 8. 16 ± 1.49 U/mg, 7. 72 ± 1.07 U/mg, 3.18% ±0. 51%, and 41.52% -＋3.36%, all P 〈0.05）. In addition, injury of lung and intestine induced by LPS was attenuated at presence of CO inhalation. Conclusion CO inhalation protects rat lung and intestine from LPS-induced injury via anti-oxidantion, anti-inflammation, anti-apoptosis, and up-regulation of HO-1 expression.展开更多
Carbon monoxide(CO) plays a significant role in global warming and atmospheric chemistry. Global oceans are net natural sources of atmospheric CO. CO at surface ocean is primarily produced from the photochemical degra...Carbon monoxide(CO) plays a significant role in global warming and atmospheric chemistry. Global oceans are net natural sources of atmospheric CO. CO at surface ocean is primarily produced from the photochemical degradation of chromophoric dissolved organic matter(CDOM). In this study, the effects of photobleaching, temperature and the origin(terrestrial or marine) of CDOM on the apparent quantum yields(AQY) of CO were studied for seawater samples collected from Jiaozhou Bay. Our results demonstrat that photobleaching, temperature and the origin of CDOM strongly affected the efficiency of CO photoproduction. The concentration, absorbance and fluorescence of CDOM exponentially decreased with increasing light dose. Terrestrial riverine organic matter could be more prone to photodegradation than the marine algae-derived one. The relationships between CO AQY and the dissolved organic carbon-specific absorption coefficient at 254 nm for the photobleaching study were nonlinear, whereas those of the original samples were strongly linear. This suggests that: 1) terrestrial riverine CDOM was more efficient than marine algae-derived CDOM for CO photoproduction; 2) aromatic and olefinic moieties of the CDOM pool were affected more strongly by degradation processes than by aliphatic ones. Water temperature and the origin of CDOM strongly affected the efficiency of CO photoproduction. The photoproduction rate of CO in autumn was estimated to be 31.98 μmol m-2 d-1 and the total DOC photomineralization was equivalent to 3.25%- 6.35% of primary production in Jiaozhou Bay. Our results indicate that CO photochemistry in coastal areas is important for oceanic carbon cycle.展开更多
Objective In vivo Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy （1H-MRS） can be used to evaluate the levels of specific neurochemical biomarkers of pathological mechanisms in the brain. Methods We conducted T2-Weighted Mag...Objective In vivo Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy （1H-MRS） can be used to evaluate the levels of specific neurochemical biomarkers of pathological mechanisms in the brain. Methods We conducted T2-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging （MRI） and 1H-MRS with a 3.0-Tesla animal MRI system to investigate the early microstructural and metabolic profiles in vivo in the striatum of rats following carbon monoxide （CO） poisoning. Results Compared to baseline, we found significant cortical surface deformation, cerebral edema changes, which were indicated by the unclear gray/white matter border, and lateral ventricular volume changes in the brain. A significant reduction in the metabolite to total creatine （Cr） ratios of N-acetylaspartate （NAA） was observed as early as 1 h after the last CO administration, while the lactate （Lac） levels increased marginally. Both the Lac/Cr and NAA/Cr ratios leveled off at 6 h and showed no subsequent significant changes. In addition, compared to the control, the choline （Cho）/Cr ratio was slightly reduced in the early stages and significantly increased after 6 h. In addition, a pathological examination revealed mild cerebral edema on cessation of the insult and more severe cerebral injury after additional CO poisoning. Conclusion The present study demonstrated that 1H-MRS of the brain identified early metabolic changes after CO poisoning. Notably, the relationship between the increased Cho/Cr ratio in the striatum and delayed neuropsychologic sequelae requires further research.展开更多
Hairong Wang, Yaoqiang Chen, Qiulin Zhang, Qingchao Zhu, Maochu Gong, Ming Zhao（ Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry ＆ Technology of Ministry Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichua...Hairong Wang, Yaoqiang Chen, Qiulin Zhang, Qingchao Zhu, Maochu Gong, Ming Zhao（ Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry ＆ Technology of Ministry Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, China展开更多
AIM: To investigate the possible mechanisms of exogenous carbon monoxide-releasing molecule II (CORM-2) intervention on hepatic energy metabolism in experimental sepsis.
This paper investigates, the variability and correlation of surface ozone (Os) and carbon monoxide (CO) observed at Cape D'Aguilar in Hong Kong from 1 January 1994 to 31 December 1995. Statistical analysis shows t...This paper investigates, the variability and correlation of surface ozone (Os) and carbon monoxide (CO) observed at Cape D'Aguilar in Hong Kong from 1 January 1994 to 31 December 1995. Statistical analysis shows that the average O3 and CO mixing ratios during the two years are 32±17ppbv and 305±191 ppbv, respectively. The O3/CO ratio ranges from 0.05 to 0.6 ppbv/ppbv with its frequency peaking at 0.15. The raw dataset is divided into six groups using backward trajectory and cluster analyses. For data assigned to the same trajectory type, three groups are further sorted out based on CO and NOX mixing ratios. The correlation coefficients and slopes of O3/CO for the 18 groups are calculated using linear regression analysis. Finally, five kinds of air masses with different chemical features are identified: continental background (CB), marine background (MB), regional polluted continental (RPC), perturbed marine (P*M), and local polluted (LP) air masses. Further studies indicate that O3 and CO in the continental and marine background air masses (CB and MB) are positively correlated for the reason that they are well mixed over the long range transport before arriving at the site. The negative correlation between O3 and CO in air mass LP is believed to be associated with heavy anthropogenic influence, which results from the enhancement by local sources as indicated by high CO and NOx and depletion of O3 when mixed with fresh emissions. The positive correlation in the perturbed marine air mass P*M favors the low photochemical production of O3. The negative correlation found in the regional polluted continental air mass RPC is different from the observations at Oki Island in Japan due to the more complex O3 chemistry at Cape D'Aguilar.展开更多
Dear editor, Following its entrance into the human body through inhalation, carbon monoxide （CO） forms carboxyhemoglobin （COHb） by binding to hemoglobin （Hb） within the blood. Massive ischemic tissue necrosis oc...Dear editor, Following its entrance into the human body through inhalation, carbon monoxide （CO） forms carboxyhemoglobin （COHb） by binding to hemoglobin （Hb） within the blood. Massive ischemic tissue necrosis occurs in 0.5%-1% of cases with CO poisoning. The affinity of CO to Hb is 200-250 times more when compared to the affinity of oxygen. As a result of CO binding to Hb, oxygen delivery to the tissues is reduced, and tissue hypoxia develops. This affects mostly the brain and heart, which are the organs with the highest demand for oxygen.展开更多
Carbon monoxide（CO）,as a vital small molecule in signaling pathways,is found to be involved in ischemia-reperfusion injury（IRI） in renal transplantation.CO-releasing molecule-2（CORM-2）,a CO-releasing molecule,is...Carbon monoxide（CO）,as a vital small molecule in signaling pathways,is found to be involved in ischemia-reperfusion injury（IRI） in renal transplantation.CO-releasing molecule-2（CORM-2）,a CO-releasing molecule,is a type of metal carbonyl complexes which can quickly release CO in vivo.In this study,an in vitro oxidative stress injury model was established to examine the effect of CORM-2 pretreatment on the nuclear-cytoplasmic translocation of high mobility group box 1 protein（HMGB1） in mouse primary renal proximal tubular epithelial cells（RPTECs）.Immunofluorescence staining showed that HMGB1 in the medium-and CORM-2-treated groups was predominantly localized in the nucleus of the cells,whereas higher amounts of HMGB1 translocated to the cytoplasm in the H2O2-and inactive CORM-2（i CORM-2）-treated groups.Western blotting of HMGB1 showed that the total amounts of cytoplasmic HMGB1 in the H2O2-treated（0.59±0.27） and i CORM-2-treated（0.57±0.22） groups were markedly higher than those in the medium-treated（0.19±0.05） and CORM-2-treated（0.21±0.10） groups（P〈0.05）.Co-immunoprecipitation showed that the levels of acetylated HMGB1 in the H2O2-treated（642.98±57.25） and i CORM-2-treated（342.11±131.25） groups were markedly increased as compared with the medium-treated（78.72±74.17） and CORM-2-treated（71.42±53.35） groups（P〈0.05）,and no significant difference was observed between the medium-treated and CORM-2-treated groups（P〉0.05）.In conclusion,our study demonstrated that in the in vitro oxidative stress injury model of primary RPTECs,CORM-2 can significantly inhibit the nuclear-cytoplasmic translocation of HMGB1,which is probably associated with the prevention of HMGB1 acetylation.展开更多
In order to decrease the solubility of PbSO4 and enhance lead recovery from PbSO4 bearing wastes, CO was employed as a reductant to transform PbSO4 into Pb S. Reaction system was established and reductive thermodynami...In order to decrease the solubility of PbSO4 and enhance lead recovery from PbSO4 bearing wastes, CO was employed as a reductant to transform PbSO4 into Pb S. Reaction system was established and reductive thermodynamics of PbSO4 was calculated by software HSC 5.0. The effects of gas concentration, reaction temperature, time and mass of sample on reduction of PbSO4 were examined by thermogravimetry(TG) and XRD. Roasting tests further verify the conclusions of thermodynamic and TG analyses. The results show that increasing temperature in the reasonable range and CO content are favorable for the formation of Pb S. The reduction process is controlled by chemical reaction and calculation value of the activation energy is 47.88 k J/mol.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82372211)。
文摘Acute carbon monoxide(CO) poisoning constitutes a lethal hazard globally,causing substantial mortality and morbidity worldwide.^([1-2]) Studies have shown that multiple mechanisms contribute to acute CO poisoning,including ischemic-hypoxic injury,reactive oxygen species(ROS) generation and inflammatory responses.^([2-5]) Furthermore,excessive inflammatory responses can induce adverse metabolic changes.^([6-7]) Considering these evidence,an interaction may exist between acute CO poisoning and both inflammatory factors and metabolites.However,the mechanisms through which inflammatory factors mediate CO toxicity via metabolic pathways remain largely unexplored.
基金supported in part by the NIH(R01NS113556,to KA).
文摘Carbon monoxide-from toxicity to therapeutic potential:Carbon monoxide(CO)has long been known as a toxic gas,primarily associated with environmental pollution and poisoning.Its strong affinity for hemoglobin causes the formation of carboxyhemoglobin,which reduces oxygen delivery to the tissues and organs and leads to hypoxia.Despite its well-documented toxicity,previous studies have confirmed that CO also acts as a signaling molecule in the body and plays important physiological roles(Motterlini and Otterbein,2010).
文摘It is challenging to diagnose isolated hyperbilirubinemia with rare and complex etiologies under the constraints of traditional testing conditions.Herein,we present a rare case of coexisting Gilbert syndrome(GS)and erythropoietic protoporphyria(EPP),which has not been previously documented.CASE SUMMARY We present a rare case of coexisting GS and EPP in a 23-year-old Chinese male with a long history of jaundice and recently found splenomegaly.Serial nonspecific hemolysis screening tests yielded inconsistent results,and investigations for common hemolytic etiologies were negative.However,Levitt’s carbon monoxide breath test,which measures erythrocyte lifespan(the gold-standard marker of hemolysis),demonstrated significant hemolysis,revealing a markedly shortened erythrocyte lifespan of 11 days(normal average 120 days).Genetic testing subsequently confirmed EPP with a homozygous ferrochelatase gene mutation and GS with a heterozygous uridine diphosphate glucuronosyl trans-ferase 1A1 gene mutation.CONCLUSION The rapid,non-invasive Levitt’s carbon monoxide breath test resolved the diagnostic challenge posed by a rare and complex cause of hyperbilirubinemia.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(2021JJ31089)the Scientific Research Project of Health Commission of Hunan Province(202203104548),China。
文摘Objective:The neurotoxicity of carbon monoxide(CO)to the central nervous system is a key pathogenesis of delayed encephalopathy after acute carbon monoxide poisoning(DEACMP).Our previous study found that retinoic acid(RA)can suppress the neurotoxic effects of CO.This study further explores,in vivo and in vitro,the molecular mechanisms by which RA alleviates CO-induced central nervous system damage.Methods:A cytotoxic model was established using the mouse hippocampal neuronal cell line HT22 and primary oligodendrocytes exposed to CO,and a DEACMP animal model was established in adult Kunming mice.Cell viability and apoptosis of hippocampal neurons and oligodendrocytes were assessed using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide(MTT)assay and Annexin V/propidium iodide(PI)double staining.The transcriptional and protein expression of each gene was detected using real time fluorescence quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR)and Western blotting.Long noncoding RNA(lncRNA)SNHG15 and LINGO-1 were knocked down or overexpressed to observe changes in neurons and oligodendrocytes.In DEACMP mice,SNHG15 or LINGO-1 were knocked down to assess changes in central nervous tissue and downstream protein expression.Results:RA at 10 and 20μmol/L significantly reversed CO-induced apoptosis of hippocampal neurons and oligodendrocytes,downregulation of SNHG15 and LINGO-1,and upregulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)and tyrosine kinase receptor B(TrkB)(all P<0.05).Overexpression of SNHG15 or LINGO-1 weakened the protective effect of RA against CO-induced cytotoxicity(all P<0.05).Knockdown of SNHG15 or LINGO-1 alleviated CO-induced apoptosis of hippocampal neurons and oligodendrocytes and upregulated BDNF and TrkB expression levels(all P<0.05).Experiments in DEACMP model mice showed that knockdown of SNHG15 or LINGO-1 mitigated central nervous system injury in DEACMP(all P<0.05).Conclusion:RA alleviates CO-induced apoptosis of hippocampal neurons and oligodendrocytes,thereby reducing central nervous system injury and exerting neuroprotective effects.LncRNA SNHG15 and LINGO-1 are key molecules mediating RA induced inhibition of neuronal apoptosis and are associated with the BDNF/TrkB pathway.These findings provide a theoretical framework for optimizing the clinical treatment of DEACMP and lay an experimental foundation for elucidating its molecular mechanisms.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82272067,81974386,22107123 and M-0696)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(Nos.2021JJ41008,2022JJ80052,2022JJ40656,2023JJ20077)+2 种基金the Key Project of Changsha Science and Technology Plan(No.kh2201059)the Scientific Research Project of Health Commission of Hunan Province(No.B202313057213)the Youth Science Foundation of Xiangya Hospital(No.2022Q16).
文摘Carbon monoxide(CO)is a crucial gaseous signaling molecule that regulates various physiological and pathological processes,and may exert an anti-inflammatory and protective role in drug-induced liver injury(DILI).Despite this,understanding the exact relationship between CO and the occurrence and development of DILI remains challenging.Hence,there is an urgent need to develop a reliable and robust tool for the rapid visual detection and assessment of CO in this context.Herein,we presented a novel near-infrared(NIR)fluorescent nanoprobe with aggregation-induced emission(AIE)properties and excited-state intramolecular proton transfer(ESIPT)characteristics for the detection and imaging of CO both in vitro and in vivo.Simultaneously,the nanoprobe enables self-assembly form nanoaggregates in aqueous media with high biocompatible,which can sense CO in situ through the conversion of yellowto-red fluorescence facilitated aggregation-induced dual-color fluorescence.What is more,this nanoprobe shows ratiometric respond to CO,which demonstrates excellent stability,high sensitivity(with a detection limit of 12.5 nmol/L),and superior selectivity.Crucially,this nanoprobe enables the visual detection of exogenous and endogenous CO in living cells and tissues affected by DILI,offering a user-friendly tool for real-time visualization of CO in living system.Hence,it holds great promise in advancing our understanding of CO’s role.
基金supported by the FengYun Application Pioneering Project (Grant No. FY-APP-2022.0502)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (42205140)the State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment end Extreme Meteorology (Grant No. 2024QN04)
文摘The Hyperspectral Infrared Atmospheric Sounder-II(HIRAS-II)onboard China’s FungYun(FY)-3F meteorological satellite was launched in August 2023.This study presents the first attempt to retrieve the global carbon monoxide(CO)column from HIRAS-II/FY-3F spectra based on a newly established full-physics algorithm.The CO global columns derived from the HIRAS-II/FY-3F satellite are compared to measurements from the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer(IASI)onboard Europe’s MetopB satellite,as both satellites have the same spectral range with a similar overpass time.The correlation coefficient between the IASI/Metop-B and HIRAS-II/FY-3F CO retrievals is about 0.8.The HIRAS-II/FY-3F satellite can capture well the regions with high CO values,e.g.,Africa,North America,and East Asia.The relative difference in the CO global column between HIRAS-II and IASI is 1.2±13.7(1)%,which is within their combined retrieval uncertainty.The CO plumes from the fire emissions in North America between 18 and 23 July 2024 were observed by the HIRAS-II/FY-3F satellite and consistent with the CAMS(Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service)model simulations.Our results show that the HIRAS-II/FY-3F spectra are of good enough quality to provide quantitative observations of global CO column remote sensing observations.
基金Projects(51304091,U1302274)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProjects(2013FD009,2013FZ007)supported by Applied Basic Research Program of Yunnan Province,ChinaProject(2012HB009)supported by the Candidate Talents Training Fund of Yunnan Province,China
文摘The non-isothermal reduction kinetics and mechanism of Fe2O3-NiO composites with different Fe2O3-NiO compacts using carbon monoxide as reductant were investigated. The results show that the reduction degree increases rapidly with increasing the content of NiO, and the presence of NiO also improves the reduction rate of iron oxides. It is found that NiO is preferentially reduced at the beginning of the reactions, and then the metallic Ni acts as a catalyst promoting the reduction rate of iron oxides. It is also observed that the increase of the Ni O content enhances the formation of awaruite(FeNi3) but decreases the percentage of kamacite(Fe,Ni) and taenite(Fe,Ni). The particle size of the materials tends to be uniform during the reduction process due to the presence of metallic nickel, metallic iron and the formation of Fe-Ni alloy. The concentration of CO in the product gas is greater than that of CO2 at the beginning of the reaction and then slows down. The fastest reduction rate of Fe2O3-NiO composites with CO appears at 400-500 °C, and nucleation growth model can be used to elucidate the reduction mechanism. Nucleation growth process is found to be the rate controlling step when the temperature is lower than 1000 °C.
基金financial support provided by Tata Steel Limited and State Key Laboratory of A dvanced Metallurgy(USTB)。
文摘Iron ore powder was isothermally reduced at 1023-1373 Kwith hydrogen/carbon monoxide gas mixture(from 0vol%H_(2)/100vol%CO to 100vol%H_(2)/0vol%CO).Results indicated that the whole reduction process could be divided into two parts that proceed in series.The first part represents a double-step reduction(Fe_(2)O_(3)→Fe_(3)O_(4)→FeO),in which the kinetic condition is more feasible compared with that in the second part representing a single-step reduction(FeO→Fe).The influence of hydrogen partial pressure on the reduction rate gradually increases as the reaction proceeds.The average reduction rate of hematite ore with pure hydrogen is about three and four times higher than that with pure carbon monoxide at 1173 and 1373 K,respectively.In addition,the logarithm of the average rate is linear to the composition of the gas mixture.Hydrogen can prominently promote carbon deposition to about 30%at 1023 K.The apparent activation energy of the reduction stage increases from about 35.0 to 45.4 kJ/mol with the increase in hydrogen content from 20vol%to 100vol%.This finding reveals that the possible rate-controlling step at this stage is the combined gas diffusion and interfacial chemical reaction.
文摘Currently, there is no known optimal therapy for carbon monoxide （CO） poisoning and CO-associated delayed neu- rological sequelae. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy （HBOT） is a well-known treatment method, but its use for CO poison- ing patients is controversial to use due to lack of evidences regarding its efficacy. Thus, it is unlikely that HBOT alone will be accepted as the standard treatment method. In this article, current and potential treatment methods of CO poi- soning are presented as well as the tentative multi-factorial pathophysiology. A series of treatments are suggested for use as a bundle therapy, with targeted temperature management as the base treatment method. Such a therapy holds a great potential, especially for the cases where HBOT is not readily available. We suggest further investigations for elucidating the effects of these suggested treatments and their roles in terms of the complex pathophysiology of CO poisoning. Future ac- ceptance of this therapy based on the improved scientific and clinical knowledge may result in injury prevention and mini- mization of the signs and the symptoms in CO poisoning.
基金supported by the Doctoral Fund of Ministry of Education of China(No.200805301004)the Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.07JJ4003)the Scientific Research Fund of Hunan Provincial Education Department(No.08C890)
文摘A series of copper-cobalt oxides supported on nano-titanium dioxide were prepared for the reduction of nitric oxide with carbon monoxide and characterized using techniques such as XRD,BET and TPR.Catalyst CuCoOx/TiO2 with Cu/Co molar ratio of 1/2,CuCo total loading of 30%at the calcination temperature of 350℃formed CuCo204 spinel and had the highest activity.NO conversion reached 98.9%at 200℃.Mechanism of the reduction was also investigated,N20 was mainly yielded below 100℃,while N2 was produced instead at higher temperature.O2 was supposed to accelerate the reaction between NOx and CO for its oxidation of NO to give more easily reduced NO2,but the oxidation of CO by O2 to CO2 decreased the speed of the reaction greatly.Either SO2 or H20 had no adverse impact on the activity of NO reduction;however,in the presence of both SO2 and H20,the catalyst deactivated quickly.
基金supported by the Iran National Science Foundation(INSF)(91052908)
文摘In the present work, selective methanation of carbon monoxide in hydrogen rich stream was investigated over Ni/CeO2 nanocatalysts. The obtained results revealed that increasing in nickel loading decreased the BET surface area, pore vohune and nickel dispersion. The 25%Ni/CeO2 with a NiO crystal size of 12 nm exhibited the highest activity in CO methanation reaction and reached to maximum CO conversion and CH4 selectivity at temperatures above 230 ℃. The catalytic results revealed that CO selective methanation well progressed at lower temperatures while CO2 methanation was completely suppressed until CO conversion reached to maximum value.
文摘Objective To observe the protection of carbon monoxide （CO） inhalation on lipopolysaccharide （LPS）-induced rat multiple organ injury. Methods Sprague-Dawley rats with multiple organ injury induced by 5 mg/kg LPS intravenous injection were exposed to room air or 2.5 × 10 ^-4 （V/V） CO for 3 hours. The lung and intestine tissues of rats were harvested to measure the expression of heme oxygenase-1 （ HO-1 ） with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, the levels of pulmonary tumor necrosis factor-or （ TNF-α）, interleukin-6 （ IL-6）, and intestinal platelet activator factor （ PAF）, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 （ICAM-1） with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, the content of maleic dialdehyde （MDA） and the activity of myeloperoxidase （MPO） with chemical method, the cell apoptosis rate with flow cytometry, and the pathological changes with light microscope. Results CO inhalation obviously up-regulated the expression of HO-1 in lung （5.43 ± 0. 92） and intestine （6. 29 ± 1.56） in LPS ＋ CO group compared with （ 3.08 ± 0. 82） and （ 3.97 ± 1.16 ） in LPS group （ both P 〈 0. 05 ）. The levels of TNF-ot, IL-6 in lung and PAF, ICAM-1 in intestine ofLPS ＋ CO group were 0. 91 ±0. 25,0. 64 ±0.05, 1. 19 ± 0. 52, and 1.83 ±0. 35 pg/mg, respectively, significantly lower than the corresponding values in LPS group （ 1.48 ± 0. 23, 1.16 ± 0. 26, 1.84 ± 0. 73, and 3.48 ± 0. 36 pg/mg, all P 〈 0. 05 ）. The levels of MDA, MPO, and cell apoptosis rate in lung and intestine of LPS ＋ CO group were 1.02 ± 0. 23 nmol/mg, 1.74 ± 0. 17 nmol/mg, 7.18 ± 1.62 U/mg, 6. 30 ±0. 97 U/mg, 1.60% ±0. 34%, and 30. 56% ±6. 33%, respectively, significantly lower than the corresponding values in LPS group （ 1.27 ± 0. 33 nmol/mg, 2. 75 ± 0. 39 nmol/mg, 8. 16 ± 1.49 U/mg, 7. 72 ± 1.07 U/mg, 3.18% ±0. 51%, and 41.52% -＋3.36%, all P 〈0.05）. In addition, injury of lung and intestine induced by LPS was attenuated at presence of CO inhalation. Conclusion CO inhalation protects rat lung and intestine from LPS-induced injury via anti-oxidantion, anti-inflammation, anti-apoptosis, and up-regulation of HO-1 expression.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40976043)the Science and Technology Key Project of Shandong Province (2006GG2205024)+2 种基金the Changjiang Scholars Program, Ministry of Education of Chinathe Taishan Scholars Program of Shandong Provincethe Scholar Foundation of Qingdao Agricultural University (631102)
文摘Carbon monoxide(CO) plays a significant role in global warming and atmospheric chemistry. Global oceans are net natural sources of atmospheric CO. CO at surface ocean is primarily produced from the photochemical degradation of chromophoric dissolved organic matter(CDOM). In this study, the effects of photobleaching, temperature and the origin(terrestrial or marine) of CDOM on the apparent quantum yields(AQY) of CO were studied for seawater samples collected from Jiaozhou Bay. Our results demonstrat that photobleaching, temperature and the origin of CDOM strongly affected the efficiency of CO photoproduction. The concentration, absorbance and fluorescence of CDOM exponentially decreased with increasing light dose. Terrestrial riverine organic matter could be more prone to photodegradation than the marine algae-derived one. The relationships between CO AQY and the dissolved organic carbon-specific absorption coefficient at 254 nm for the photobleaching study were nonlinear, whereas those of the original samples were strongly linear. This suggests that: 1) terrestrial riverine CDOM was more efficient than marine algae-derived CDOM for CO photoproduction; 2) aromatic and olefinic moieties of the CDOM pool were affected more strongly by degradation processes than by aliphatic ones. Water temperature and the origin of CDOM strongly affected the efficiency of CO photoproduction. The photoproduction rate of CO in autumn was estimated to be 31.98 μmol m-2 d-1 and the total DOC photomineralization was equivalent to 3.25%- 6.35% of primary production in Jiaozhou Bay. Our results indicate that CO photochemistry in coastal areas is important for oceanic carbon cycle.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,‘Study on the pathogenic effect of HO-1/CO in the delayed encephalopathy after acute CO poisoning’,(Grant No.81101024)
文摘Objective In vivo Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy （1H-MRS） can be used to evaluate the levels of specific neurochemical biomarkers of pathological mechanisms in the brain. Methods We conducted T2-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging （MRI） and 1H-MRS with a 3.0-Tesla animal MRI system to investigate the early microstructural and metabolic profiles in vivo in the striatum of rats following carbon monoxide （CO） poisoning. Results Compared to baseline, we found significant cortical surface deformation, cerebral edema changes, which were indicated by the unclear gray/white matter border, and lateral ventricular volume changes in the brain. A significant reduction in the metabolite to total creatine （Cr） ratios of N-acetylaspartate （NAA） was observed as early as 1 h after the last CO administration, while the lactate （Lac） levels increased marginally. Both the Lac/Cr and NAA/Cr ratios leveled off at 6 h and showed no subsequent significant changes. In addition, compared to the control, the choline （Cho）/Cr ratio was slightly reduced in the early stages and significantly increased after 6 h. In addition, a pathological examination revealed mild cerebral edema on cessation of the insult and more severe cerebral injury after additional CO poisoning. Conclusion The present study demonstrated that 1H-MRS of the brain identified early metabolic changes after CO poisoning. Notably, the relationship between the increased Cho/Cr ratio in the striatum and delayed neuropsychologic sequelae requires further research.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (20773090)the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China (20070610026, 200806100009)
文摘Hairong Wang, Yaoqiang Chen, Qiulin Zhang, Qingchao Zhu, Maochu Gong, Ming Zhao（ Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry ＆ Technology of Ministry Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, China
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.30772256,No.81071546 and No.81272148Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,China,No.BK2012703
文摘AIM: To investigate the possible mechanisms of exogenous carbon monoxide-releasing molecule II (CORM-2) intervention on hepatic energy metabolism in experimental sepsis.
文摘This paper investigates, the variability and correlation of surface ozone (Os) and carbon monoxide (CO) observed at Cape D'Aguilar in Hong Kong from 1 January 1994 to 31 December 1995. Statistical analysis shows that the average O3 and CO mixing ratios during the two years are 32±17ppbv and 305±191 ppbv, respectively. The O3/CO ratio ranges from 0.05 to 0.6 ppbv/ppbv with its frequency peaking at 0.15. The raw dataset is divided into six groups using backward trajectory and cluster analyses. For data assigned to the same trajectory type, three groups are further sorted out based on CO and NOX mixing ratios. The correlation coefficients and slopes of O3/CO for the 18 groups are calculated using linear regression analysis. Finally, five kinds of air masses with different chemical features are identified: continental background (CB), marine background (MB), regional polluted continental (RPC), perturbed marine (P*M), and local polluted (LP) air masses. Further studies indicate that O3 and CO in the continental and marine background air masses (CB and MB) are positively correlated for the reason that they are well mixed over the long range transport before arriving at the site. The negative correlation between O3 and CO in air mass LP is believed to be associated with heavy anthropogenic influence, which results from the enhancement by local sources as indicated by high CO and NOx and depletion of O3 when mixed with fresh emissions. The positive correlation in the perturbed marine air mass P*M favors the low photochemical production of O3. The negative correlation found in the regional polluted continental air mass RPC is different from the observations at Oki Island in Japan due to the more complex O3 chemistry at Cape D'Aguilar.
文摘Dear editor, Following its entrance into the human body through inhalation, carbon monoxide （CO） forms carboxyhemoglobin （COHb） by binding to hemoglobin （Hb） within the blood. Massive ischemic tissue necrosis occurs in 0.5%-1% of cases with CO poisoning. The affinity of CO to Hb is 200-250 times more when compared to the affinity of oxygen. As a result of CO binding to Hb, oxygen delivery to the tissues is reduced, and tissue hypoxia develops. This affects mostly the brain and heart, which are the organs with the highest demand for oxygen.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81300574)
文摘Carbon monoxide（CO）,as a vital small molecule in signaling pathways,is found to be involved in ischemia-reperfusion injury（IRI） in renal transplantation.CO-releasing molecule-2（CORM-2）,a CO-releasing molecule,is a type of metal carbonyl complexes which can quickly release CO in vivo.In this study,an in vitro oxidative stress injury model was established to examine the effect of CORM-2 pretreatment on the nuclear-cytoplasmic translocation of high mobility group box 1 protein（HMGB1） in mouse primary renal proximal tubular epithelial cells（RPTECs）.Immunofluorescence staining showed that HMGB1 in the medium-and CORM-2-treated groups was predominantly localized in the nucleus of the cells,whereas higher amounts of HMGB1 translocated to the cytoplasm in the H2O2-and inactive CORM-2（i CORM-2）-treated groups.Western blotting of HMGB1 showed that the total amounts of cytoplasmic HMGB1 in the H2O2-treated（0.59±0.27） and i CORM-2-treated（0.57±0.22） groups were markedly higher than those in the medium-treated（0.19±0.05） and CORM-2-treated（0.21±0.10） groups（P〈0.05）.Co-immunoprecipitation showed that the levels of acetylated HMGB1 in the H2O2-treated（642.98±57.25） and i CORM-2-treated（342.11±131.25） groups were markedly increased as compared with the medium-treated（78.72±74.17） and CORM-2-treated（71.42±53.35） groups（P〈0.05）,and no significant difference was observed between the medium-treated and CORM-2-treated groups（P〉0.05）.In conclusion,our study demonstrated that in the in vitro oxidative stress injury model of primary RPTECs,CORM-2 can significantly inhibit the nuclear-cytoplasmic translocation of HMGB1,which is probably associated with the prevention of HMGB1 acetylation.
基金Project(51204210)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2011AA061001)supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of ChinaProject(2012BAC12B04)supported by the National Science and Technology Pillar Program during the Twelfth Five-Year Plan of China
文摘In order to decrease the solubility of PbSO4 and enhance lead recovery from PbSO4 bearing wastes, CO was employed as a reductant to transform PbSO4 into Pb S. Reaction system was established and reductive thermodynamics of PbSO4 was calculated by software HSC 5.0. The effects of gas concentration, reaction temperature, time and mass of sample on reduction of PbSO4 were examined by thermogravimetry(TG) and XRD. Roasting tests further verify the conclusions of thermodynamic and TG analyses. The results show that increasing temperature in the reasonable range and CO content are favorable for the formation of Pb S. The reduction process is controlled by chemical reaction and calculation value of the activation energy is 47.88 k J/mol.
