This study investigates the formation feasibility of the integrated bottom car body components with dual die casting injection molding technology.During the production of a die-cast super-large one-piece body part wei...This study investigates the formation feasibility of the integrated bottom car body components with dual die casting injection molding technology.During the production of a die-cast super-large one-piece body part weighing over 10,000 t,a thorough comparison and investigation were conducted on the arising issues,using both single and double injection systems.Particular attention was given to meticulously discussing the die casting filling problems and microstructural defects that originated from the filling process.The research findings indicate that the implementation of a double injection system can significantly minimize cold shuts and reduce the solidification time.The effectiveness of this die casting technique was further confirmed by the production of high-quality castings using a scaled model that replicated real casting conditions at a 1:3 ratio,thereby maintaining a one-to-one correspondence in essential aspects.This successful study offers both theoretical insights and practical applications for the production of integrated bottom car bodies utilizing die casting in conjunction with a dual injection system.展开更多
腺病毒(Adenovirus,Ad)是一类无包膜的双链DNA病毒,能广泛感染脊椎动物,导致从轻症到严重的感染。腺病毒通过其纤突蛋白与宿主细胞表面受体结合,柯萨奇-腺病毒受体(Coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor,CAR)是主要的介导者。CAR是...腺病毒(Adenovirus,Ad)是一类无包膜的双链DNA病毒,能广泛感染脊椎动物,导致从轻症到严重的感染。腺病毒通过其纤突蛋白与宿主细胞表面受体结合,柯萨奇-腺病毒受体(Coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor,CAR)是主要的介导者。CAR是一种高度保守的跨膜蛋白,在多种脊椎动物中发挥关键作用。文章聚焦于CAR的生物学功能和结构特征,探讨其在腺病毒感染机制中的核心作用;重点分析了CAR与人腺病毒、禽腺病毒及其他物种腺病毒的相互作用及功能差异,揭示腺病毒与宿主受体结合的多样性和复杂性。此外,文章讨论了CAR在基因治疗中的应用前景,特别是利用CAR介导的腺病毒载体递送抗癌基因和免疫调节基因的研究进展。同时,调控CAR表达水平及阻断其与病毒结合的策略被认为是优化腺病毒治疗的重要方向。文章通过总结现有研究成果,深化了对腺病毒感染机制的认识,并为基因治疗及相关疾病的治疗策略提供了重要的理论依据和实践参考。展开更多
To date,many previous studies have been proposed for driver authentication;however,these solutions have many shortcomings and are still far from practical for real-world applications.In this paper,we tackle the shortc...To date,many previous studies have been proposed for driver authentication;however,these solutions have many shortcomings and are still far from practical for real-world applications.In this paper,we tackle the shortcomings of the existing solutions and reach toward proposing a lightweight and practical authentication system,dubbed DriveMe,for identifying drivers on cars.Our novelty aspects are 1⃝Lightweight scheme that depends only on a single sensor data(i.e.,pressure readings)attached to the driver’s seat and belt.2⃝Practical evaluation in which one-class authentication models are trained from only the owner users and tested using data collected from both owners and attackers.3⃝Rapid Authentication to quickly identify drivers’identities using a few pressure samples collected within short durations(1,2,3,5,or 10 s).4⃝Realistic experiments where the sensory data is collected from real experiments rather than computer simulation tools.We conducted real experiments and collected about 13,200 samples and 22,800 samples of belt-only and seat-only datasets from all 12 users under different settings.To evaluate system effectiveness,we implemented extensive evaluation scenarios using four one-class detectors One-Class Support Vector Machine(OCSVM),Local Outlier Factor(LOF),Isolation Forest(IF),and Elliptic Envelope(EE),three dataset types(belt-only,seat-only,and fusion),and four different dataset sizes.Our average experimental results show that the system can authenticate the driver with an F1 score of 93.1%for seat-based data using OCSVM classifier,an F1 score of 98.53%for fusion-based data using LOF classifier,an F1 score of 91.65%for fusion-based data using IF classifier,and an F1 score of 95.79%for fusion-based data using EE classifier.展开更多
Purpose-Weathering steel has excellent resistance to atmospheric corrosion,but still faces complex environmental corrosion problems during long-term operation.This paper mainly studies the corrosion problem of weather...Purpose-Weathering steel has excellent resistance to atmospheric corrosion,but still faces complex environmental corrosion problems during long-term operation.This paper mainly studies the corrosion problem of weather resistant steel materials for railway freight car bodies with a load capacity of 70 tons.Design/methodology/approach-The paper analyzes the corrosion characteristics of weather resistant steel materials for truck bodies through macroscopic and microscopic methods including metallographic microscopy,scanning electron microscopy,energy dispersive spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction.Electrochemical analysis shows that the rust layer on the surface of weathering steel changes the surface state of the material,and also proves that weathering steel used in trucks undergoes electrochemical corrosion under atmospheric corrosion.At the same time,ion chromatography technology is used to study the corrosive ions mainly present in the residual liquid and foam solution inside the vehicle body.Findings-The corrosion of truck body materials is mainly electrochemical corrosion,and the corrosion of door materials is more obvious than that of other parts.The corrosion products are mainly Fe oxides and hydroxides.There are high concentrations of Cl-and SO42-ions in the residual liquid and foam solution at the bottom of the freight car,which are the main factors causing corrosion of the railway freight car body.Originality/value-The foam adhesive around the door panel is in a moist state for a long time,and corrosive ions will accelerate the electrochemical corrosion of the weather resistant steel material of the door panel.Therefore,the corrosion of the cargo door panel is more severe than other components.展开更多
This article presents an adaptive optimal control method for a semi-active suspension system.The model of the suspension system is built,in which the components of uncertain parameters and exogenous disturbance are de...This article presents an adaptive optimal control method for a semi-active suspension system.The model of the suspension system is built,in which the components of uncertain parameters and exogenous disturbance are described.The adaptive optimal control law consists of the sum of the optimal control component and the adaptive control component.First,the optimal control law is designed for the model of the suspension system after ignoring the components of uncertain parameters and exogenous disturbance caused by the road surface.The optimal control law expresses the desired dynamic characteristics of the suspension system.Next,the adaptive component is designed with the purpose of compensating for the effects caused by uncertain parameters and exogenous disturbance caused by the road surface;the adaptive component has adaptive parameter rules to estimate uncertain parameters and exogenous disturbance.When exogenous disturbances are eliminated,the system responds with an optimal controller designed.By separating theoretically the dynamic of a semi-active suspension system,this solution allows the design of two separate controllers easily and has reduced the computational burden and the use of too many tools,thus allowing for more convenient hardware implementation.The simulation results also show the effectiveness of damping oscillations of the proposed solution in this article.展开更多
The present review explores the promising role of nanofluids and related hybrid variants in enhancing the efficiencyof flat tube car radiators.As vehicles become more advanced and demand better thermal performance,tra...The present review explores the promising role of nanofluids and related hybrid variants in enhancing the efficiencyof flat tube car radiators.As vehicles become more advanced and demand better thermal performance,traditional coolants are starting to fall short.Nanofluids,which involve tiny nanoparticles dispersed into standardcooling liquids,offer a new solution by significantly improving heat transfer capabilities.The article categorizesthe different types of nanofluids(ranging from those based on metals and metal oxides to carbon materials andhybrid combinations)and examines their effects on the improvement of radiator performance.General consensusexists in the literature that nanofluids can support better heat dissipation and enable accordingly the developmentof smaller and lighter radiators,which require less coolant and allow more compact vehicle designs.However,thisreview demonstrates that the use of nanofluids does not come without challenges.These include the long-termstability of these fluids and material compatibility issues.A critical discussion is therefore elaborated about thegaps to be filled and the steps to be undertaken to promote and standardize the use of these fluids in the industry.展开更多
CD5-positive(CD5+)diffuse large B-cell lymphoma(DLBCL)represents a special subgroup of DLBCL with a more aggressive disease course and is more likely to develop into relapsed/refractory(r/r)DLBCL in response to immuno...CD5-positive(CD5+)diffuse large B-cell lymphoma(DLBCL)represents a special subgroup of DLBCL with a more aggressive disease course and is more likely to develop into relapsed/refractory(r/r)DLBCL in response to immunochemotherapy.The incidence of CD5+DLBCL is 5%–10%among DLBCL patients1.展开更多
Multiple myeloma(MM),one of the most common hemato logical neoplasms worldwide,originates from malignant plasma cells in the bone marrow.MM remains an incurable disease,although continued treatment advancements have m...Multiple myeloma(MM),one of the most common hemato logical neoplasms worldwide,originates from malignant plasma cells in the bone marrow.MM remains an incurable disease,although continued treatment advancements have markedly increased overall survival.Many patients with MM eventually experience relapse or become treatment-refractory1.Patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma(RRMM)become progressively more challenging to manage and have poor prognosis2.展开更多
Dear Editor,Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy(TAO),or Graves’ophthalmopathy(GO),is a complex autoimmune condition characterized by eye symptoms such as proptosis,lid retraction,and periorbital swelling,often associat...Dear Editor,Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy(TAO),or Graves’ophthalmopathy(GO),is a complex autoimmune condition characterized by eye symptoms such as proptosis,lid retraction,and periorbital swelling,often associated with thyroid dysfunction[1].Current drug treatments primarily include glucocorticoids,traditional immunosuppressants,and novel biologics such as Teprotumumab.While able to alleviate symptoms,they often do not adequately address irreversible conditions such as visual impairment and fi brosis,and it is diffi cult to avoid long-term medication side eff ects.In this context,exploring new therapeutic avenues for TAO to improve patients’prognosis and quality of life is meaningful.We proposed chimeric antigen receptor(CAR)-based therapy as a novel treatment orientation.展开更多
With the theme of“standardized approaches empowering industrial green and low-carbon transformation”,a sub-forum was held to promote the application of the carbon footprint management system in China,advance the wid...With the theme of“standardized approaches empowering industrial green and low-carbon transformation”,a sub-forum was held to promote the application of the carbon footprint management system in China,advance the wide implementation of relevant standards,and accelerate the globalization process of green product trade through high-level communication.Lyu Xuefeng,Director of Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology(QIBEBT),Chinese Academy of Sciences,emphasized in his address that the product carbon footprint management system is the important support for industrial green transformation.The geographic information system-life cycle assessment(GIS-LCA)technology has been originally proposed and adopted as the core content of the national standard GB/T 24067-2024,Greenhouse gases-Carbon footprint of products-Requirements and guidelines for quantification.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52175284)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFB3404201).
文摘This study investigates the formation feasibility of the integrated bottom car body components with dual die casting injection molding technology.During the production of a die-cast super-large one-piece body part weighing over 10,000 t,a thorough comparison and investigation were conducted on the arising issues,using both single and double injection systems.Particular attention was given to meticulously discussing the die casting filling problems and microstructural defects that originated from the filling process.The research findings indicate that the implementation of a double injection system can significantly minimize cold shuts and reduce the solidification time.The effectiveness of this die casting technique was further confirmed by the production of high-quality castings using a scaled model that replicated real casting conditions at a 1:3 ratio,thereby maintaining a one-to-one correspondence in essential aspects.This successful study offers both theoretical insights and practical applications for the production of integrated bottom car bodies utilizing die casting in conjunction with a dual injection system.
文摘腺病毒(Adenovirus,Ad)是一类无包膜的双链DNA病毒,能广泛感染脊椎动物,导致从轻症到严重的感染。腺病毒通过其纤突蛋白与宿主细胞表面受体结合,柯萨奇-腺病毒受体(Coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor,CAR)是主要的介导者。CAR是一种高度保守的跨膜蛋白,在多种脊椎动物中发挥关键作用。文章聚焦于CAR的生物学功能和结构特征,探讨其在腺病毒感染机制中的核心作用;重点分析了CAR与人腺病毒、禽腺病毒及其他物种腺病毒的相互作用及功能差异,揭示腺病毒与宿主受体结合的多样性和复杂性。此外,文章讨论了CAR在基因治疗中的应用前景,特别是利用CAR介导的腺病毒载体递送抗癌基因和免疫调节基因的研究进展。同时,调控CAR表达水平及阻断其与病毒结合的策略被认为是优化腺病毒治疗的重要方向。文章通过总结现有研究成果,深化了对腺病毒感染机制的认识,并为基因治疗及相关疾病的治疗策略提供了重要的理论依据和实践参考。
基金supported by the Institute of Information&Communications Technology Planning&Evaluation(1ITP)(Project Nos.RS-2024-00438551,30%,2022-11220701,30%,2021-0-01816,30%)the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korean Government(Project No.RS2023-00208460,10%).
文摘To date,many previous studies have been proposed for driver authentication;however,these solutions have many shortcomings and are still far from practical for real-world applications.In this paper,we tackle the shortcomings of the existing solutions and reach toward proposing a lightweight and practical authentication system,dubbed DriveMe,for identifying drivers on cars.Our novelty aspects are 1⃝Lightweight scheme that depends only on a single sensor data(i.e.,pressure readings)attached to the driver’s seat and belt.2⃝Practical evaluation in which one-class authentication models are trained from only the owner users and tested using data collected from both owners and attackers.3⃝Rapid Authentication to quickly identify drivers’identities using a few pressure samples collected within short durations(1,2,3,5,or 10 s).4⃝Realistic experiments where the sensory data is collected from real experiments rather than computer simulation tools.We conducted real experiments and collected about 13,200 samples and 22,800 samples of belt-only and seat-only datasets from all 12 users under different settings.To evaluate system effectiveness,we implemented extensive evaluation scenarios using four one-class detectors One-Class Support Vector Machine(OCSVM),Local Outlier Factor(LOF),Isolation Forest(IF),and Elliptic Envelope(EE),three dataset types(belt-only,seat-only,and fusion),and four different dataset sizes.Our average experimental results show that the system can authenticate the driver with an F1 score of 93.1%for seat-based data using OCSVM classifier,an F1 score of 98.53%for fusion-based data using LOF classifier,an F1 score of 91.65%for fusion-based data using IF classifier,and an F1 score of 95.79%for fusion-based data using EE classifier.
基金supported by Research and Development Plan of China Railway Group(N2023J065).
文摘Purpose-Weathering steel has excellent resistance to atmospheric corrosion,but still faces complex environmental corrosion problems during long-term operation.This paper mainly studies the corrosion problem of weather resistant steel materials for railway freight car bodies with a load capacity of 70 tons.Design/methodology/approach-The paper analyzes the corrosion characteristics of weather resistant steel materials for truck bodies through macroscopic and microscopic methods including metallographic microscopy,scanning electron microscopy,energy dispersive spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction.Electrochemical analysis shows that the rust layer on the surface of weathering steel changes the surface state of the material,and also proves that weathering steel used in trucks undergoes electrochemical corrosion under atmospheric corrosion.At the same time,ion chromatography technology is used to study the corrosive ions mainly present in the residual liquid and foam solution inside the vehicle body.Findings-The corrosion of truck body materials is mainly electrochemical corrosion,and the corrosion of door materials is more obvious than that of other parts.The corrosion products are mainly Fe oxides and hydroxides.There are high concentrations of Cl-and SO42-ions in the residual liquid and foam solution at the bottom of the freight car,which are the main factors causing corrosion of the railway freight car body.Originality/value-The foam adhesive around the door panel is in a moist state for a long time,and corrosive ions will accelerate the electrochemical corrosion of the weather resistant steel material of the door panel.Therefore,the corrosion of the cargo door panel is more severe than other components.
基金supported in part by the Thai Nguyen University of Technology,Vietnam.
文摘This article presents an adaptive optimal control method for a semi-active suspension system.The model of the suspension system is built,in which the components of uncertain parameters and exogenous disturbance are described.The adaptive optimal control law consists of the sum of the optimal control component and the adaptive control component.First,the optimal control law is designed for the model of the suspension system after ignoring the components of uncertain parameters and exogenous disturbance caused by the road surface.The optimal control law expresses the desired dynamic characteristics of the suspension system.Next,the adaptive component is designed with the purpose of compensating for the effects caused by uncertain parameters and exogenous disturbance caused by the road surface;the adaptive component has adaptive parameter rules to estimate uncertain parameters and exogenous disturbance.When exogenous disturbances are eliminated,the system responds with an optimal controller designed.By separating theoretically the dynamic of a semi-active suspension system,this solution allows the design of two separate controllers easily and has reduced the computational burden and the use of too many tools,thus allowing for more convenient hardware implementation.The simulation results also show the effectiveness of damping oscillations of the proposed solution in this article.
文摘The present review explores the promising role of nanofluids and related hybrid variants in enhancing the efficiencyof flat tube car radiators.As vehicles become more advanced and demand better thermal performance,traditional coolants are starting to fall short.Nanofluids,which involve tiny nanoparticles dispersed into standardcooling liquids,offer a new solution by significantly improving heat transfer capabilities.The article categorizesthe different types of nanofluids(ranging from those based on metals and metal oxides to carbon materials andhybrid combinations)and examines their effects on the improvement of radiator performance.General consensusexists in the literature that nanofluids can support better heat dissipation and enable accordingly the developmentof smaller and lighter radiators,which require less coolant and allow more compact vehicle designs.However,thisreview demonstrates that the use of nanofluids does not come without challenges.These include the long-termstability of these fluids and material compatibility issues.A critical discussion is therefore elaborated about thegaps to be filled and the steps to be undertaken to promote and standardize the use of these fluids in the industry.
基金supported by funding from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.82170167 to Xiaoxi Zhou and Grant No.82300226 to Hui Luo)。
文摘CD5-positive(CD5+)diffuse large B-cell lymphoma(DLBCL)represents a special subgroup of DLBCL with a more aggressive disease course and is more likely to develop into relapsed/refractory(r/r)DLBCL in response to immunochemotherapy.The incidence of CD5+DLBCL is 5%–10%among DLBCL patients1.
基金supported by grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.82300231).
文摘Multiple myeloma(MM),one of the most common hemato logical neoplasms worldwide,originates from malignant plasma cells in the bone marrow.MM remains an incurable disease,although continued treatment advancements have markedly increased overall survival.Many patients with MM eventually experience relapse or become treatment-refractory1.Patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma(RRMM)become progressively more challenging to manage and have poor prognosis2.
基金supported by the Distinguished Young Scholars of the National Defense Biotechnology Foundation(01-SWKJYCJJ11).
文摘Dear Editor,Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy(TAO),or Graves’ophthalmopathy(GO),is a complex autoimmune condition characterized by eye symptoms such as proptosis,lid retraction,and periorbital swelling,often associated with thyroid dysfunction[1].Current drug treatments primarily include glucocorticoids,traditional immunosuppressants,and novel biologics such as Teprotumumab.While able to alleviate symptoms,they often do not adequately address irreversible conditions such as visual impairment and fi brosis,and it is diffi cult to avoid long-term medication side eff ects.In this context,exploring new therapeutic avenues for TAO to improve patients’prognosis and quality of life is meaningful.We proposed chimeric antigen receptor(CAR)-based therapy as a novel treatment orientation.
文摘With the theme of“standardized approaches empowering industrial green and low-carbon transformation”,a sub-forum was held to promote the application of the carbon footprint management system in China,advance the wide implementation of relevant standards,and accelerate the globalization process of green product trade through high-level communication.Lyu Xuefeng,Director of Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology(QIBEBT),Chinese Academy of Sciences,emphasized in his address that the product carbon footprint management system is the important support for industrial green transformation.The geographic information system-life cycle assessment(GIS-LCA)technology has been originally proposed and adopted as the core content of the national standard GB/T 24067-2024,Greenhouse gases-Carbon footprint of products-Requirements and guidelines for quantification.
