In order to promote the utilization level of new energy resources for local and efficient consumption,this paper introduces the biogas(BG)fermentation technology into the integrated energy system(IES).This initiative ...In order to promote the utilization level of new energy resources for local and efficient consumption,this paper introduces the biogas(BG)fermentation technology into the integrated energy system(IES).This initiative is to study the collaborative and optimal scheduling of IES with wind power(WP),photovoltaic(PV),and BG,while integrating carbon capture system(CCS)and power-to-gas(P2G)system.Firstly,the framework of collaborative operation of IES for BG-CCS-P2G is constructed.Secondly,the flexible scheduling resources of the source and load sides are fully exploited,and the collaborative operation mode of CCS-P2G is proposed to establish a model of IES with WP,PV,and BG multi-energy flow coupling.Then,with the objective of minimizing the intra-day operating cost and the constraints of system energy balance and equipment operating limits,the IES withWP,PV,and BG collaborative optimal scheduling model is established.Finally,taking into account the uncertainty of the output of WP and PV generation,the proposed optimal scheduling model is solved by CPLEX,and its validity is verified by setting several scenarios.The results show that the proposed collaborative operation mode and optimal scheduling model can realize the efficient,low-carbon,and economic operation of the IES with WP,PV,and BG and significantly enhance the utilization of new energy for local consumption.展开更多
During the tapping process of a blast furnace,a large amount of high-temperature dust is generated.Relying solely on dust removal systems to control the spread of dust within the workshop will generate huge energy con...During the tapping process of a blast furnace,a large amount of high-temperature dust is generated.Relying solely on dust removal systems to control the spread of dust within the workshop will generate huge energy consumption.Optimizing the high-temperature dust capture system is crucial for improving the working environment,reducing air pollution,and achieving energy savings and emission reductions.Considering the structural layout of workshops and the tapping characteristics of small and medium-sized blast furnaces in China,this study optimized the design of the particulate capture system by incorporating local dust hoods through numerical simulation,while also taking into account the local capture of particles at the hot metal ladle.The research found that to prevent dust escape,adding a small dust hood above the tapping hole and a side suction hood with a capacity of 100,000 m^(3)/h near the tap hole allowed all particles to be directly captured,reducing both their residence time and travel distance.Additionally,the height of thermal stratification within the workshop decreased,and the area of high-temperature zones was reduced.After adding a side suction hood in the hot metal ladle area,the temperature under the hood improved significantly,with the air temperature around the ladle dropping to approximately 40℃.When the side suction hood’s airflow exceeded 100,000 m^(3)/h,the capture efficiency reached 99.2%.However,when the observation hole of the top suction hood above the ladle was opened,the temperature inside the hood decreased by 10℃,and approximately 11.9%of the particles escaped through the observation hole into the workshop.展开更多
This paper presented a novel tinny motion capture system for measuring bird posture based on inertial and magnetic measurement units that are made up of micromachined gyroscopes, accelerometers, and magnetometers. Mul...This paper presented a novel tinny motion capture system for measuring bird posture based on inertial and magnetic measurement units that are made up of micromachined gyroscopes, accelerometers, and magnetometers. Multiple quaternion-based extended Kalman filters were implemented to estimate the absolute orientations to achieve high accuracy.Under the guidance of ornithology experts, the extending/contracting motions and flapping cycles were recorded using the developed motion capture system, and the orientation of each bone was also analyzed. The captured flapping gesture of the Falco peregrinus is crucial to the motion database of raptors as well as the bionic design.展开更多
Metal-Organic Frameworks(MOFs)have been developed as solid sorbents for CO_(2) capture applications and their properties can be controlled by tuning the chemical blocks of their crystalline units.A number of MOFs(e.g....Metal-Organic Frameworks(MOFs)have been developed as solid sorbents for CO_(2) capture applications and their properties can be controlled by tuning the chemical blocks of their crystalline units.A number of MOFs(e.g.,HKUST-1)have been developed but the question remains how to deploy them for gas-solid contact.Unfortunately,the direct use of MOFs as nanocrystals would lead to serious problems and risks.Here,for the first time,we report a novel MOF-based hybrid sorbent that is produced via an innovative in-situ microencapsulated synthesis.Using a custom-made double capillary microfluidic assembly,double emulsions of the MOF precursor solutions and UV-curable silicone shell fluid are produced.Subsequently,HKUST-1 MOF is successfully synthesized within the droplets enclosed in the gas permeable microcapsules.The developed MOF-bearing microcapsules uniquely allow the deployment of functional nanocrystals without the challenge of handling ultrafine particles,and further,can selectively reject undesired compounds to protect encapsulated MOFs.展开更多
This study presents a kinematic calibration method for exoskeletal inertial motion capture (EI-MoCap) system with considering the random colored noise such as gyroscopic drift.In this method, the geometric parameters ...This study presents a kinematic calibration method for exoskeletal inertial motion capture (EI-MoCap) system with considering the random colored noise such as gyroscopic drift.In this method, the geometric parameters are calibrated by the traditional calibration method at first. Then, in order to calibrate the parameters affected by the random colored noise, the expectation maximization (EM) algorithm is introduced. Through the use of geometric parameters calibrated by the traditional calibration method, the iterations under the EM framework are decreased and the efficiency of the proposed method on embedded system is improved. The performance of the proposed kinematic calibration method is compared to the traditional calibration method. Furthermore, the feasibility of the proposed method is verified on the EI-MoCap system. The simulation and experiment demonstrate that the motion capture precision is significantly improved by 16.79%and 7.16%respectively in comparison to the traditional calibration method.展开更多
At present,the oxy-fuel combustion(O_(2)/CO_(2)circulating combustion)is dominant in natural gas generating systems,but it consumes much energy for air separation oxygen generation and carbon capture,leading to a seve...At present,the oxy-fuel combustion(O_(2)/CO_(2)circulating combustion)is dominant in natural gas generating systems,but it consumes much energy for air separation oxygen generation and carbon capture,leading to a severe reduction of generating efficiency.The O_(2)/H_(2)O combustion system,as the new generation of an oxy-combustion system,is superior to the oxy-fuel combustion,and its pollutant emission is lower,but during its combustion,air separation oxygen generation is still needed,so CO_(2)compression energy consumption is still higher.In this paper,a set of carbon capture system applying LNG cold energy to the O_(2)/H_(2)O combustion was developed,and its mathematical model was established to calculate thermal efficiency and exergy efficiency.And then,it was compared with the COOLCEP system which also makes use of LNG cold energy for carbon capture.The combustion process of this system is operated under high pressure with H_(2)O as the circulation medium,and LNG is utilized in a cascading pattern,so the energy consumption of air separation oxygen generation and carbon capture system is reduced,the generating efficiency of the system is increased and carbon capture is conducted at low cost.The thermal efficiency and energy efficiency of this system increase continuously as the inlet temperature of gas turbine rises.When the flow rate of circulating water is 13.5 kmol/s,the combustion pressure is 1.6 MPa,and the inlet temperature of gas turbine reaches 1328.1℃,the thermal efficiency and exergy efficiency is 57.9%(maximum)and 42.7%,respectively.Compared with COOLCEP system,the O_(2)/H_(2)O combustion system is much lower in energy consumption and its thermal efficiency and exergy efficiency are 6.3%and 5.4%higher,respectively.展开更多
Flexible printed circuit boards(FPCBs)play crucial roles in wearable electronics.FPCB-based sensors can be easily integrated into motion capture systems to detect and digitize human movements.However,non-conformity be...Flexible printed circuit boards(FPCBs)play crucial roles in wearable electronics.FPCB-based sensors can be easily integrated into motion capture systems to detect and digitize human movements.However,non-conformity between sensors and human skin leads to signal distortion and motion artifacts.Herein,a polydimethylsiloxane-(Z)-sorbitan mono-9-octadecenote(PDMS-Span 80)adhesive film is developed to connect and co-deform the FPCB-based bending sensor with human skin.The PDMS-Span 80 adhesive film demonstrates a high adhesive(a higher adhesion force of 38.0 kPa),reusability(over 300 cycles),long-term stability(over 20 d),and robustness(high tolerance to washing and high temperatures).Meanwhile,the adhesive film can be stripped by a low peeling strength without skin damage and shows relatively better biocompatibility with skin.Specifically,combining the high adhesive,larger stretchability,and elasticity,and skin-like elasticity modulus,the adhesive film can co-deform with human skin.With the assistance of the PDMS-Span 80 adhesive film,the FPCB-based bending sensor not only possesses exceptional responsiveness,reliability,and durability but also eliminates the overshoot phenomenon when responding to the deformation of the skin.Successful application in a full-body motion capture for the digital twin of Chinese Kungfu demonstrated the great application promise of PDMS-Span 80 adhesive film.展开更多
Musculoskeletal injuries pose significant challenges to global healthcare system.Traditional assessment and rehabilitation methods are often subjective,non-engaging and lack precise quantification.This review explores...Musculoskeletal injuries pose significant challenges to global healthcare system.Traditional assessment and rehabilitation methods are often subjective,non-engaging and lack precise quantification.This review explores the potential of integrating Virtual Reality(VR)and motion capture technologies to address these limitations across injury management.It systematically analyzes the architecture of such systems and demonstrates that they enable the creation of standardized,high-intensity,personalized and safe environment for pre-injury risk assessment and post-injury rehabilitation in populations.This is achieved by quantifying key biomechanical risk factors.The integration of VR and motion capture system indicates a shift toward novel technological approaches in injury management,despite facing challenges in cost and standardization that require future development.展开更多
This paper solves the problem of model-free dual-arm space robot maneuvering after non-cooperative target capture under high control quality requirements.The explicit system model is unavailable,and the maneuvering mi...This paper solves the problem of model-free dual-arm space robot maneuvering after non-cooperative target capture under high control quality requirements.The explicit system model is unavailable,and the maneuvering mission is disturbed by the measurement noise and the target adversarial behavior.To address these problems,a model-free Combined Adaptive-length Datadriven Predictive Controller(CADPC)is proposed.It consists of a separated subsystem identification method and a combined predictive control strategy.The subsystem identification method is composed of an adaptive data length,thereby reducing sensitivity to undetermined measurement noises and disturbances.Based on the subsystem identification,the combined predictive controller is established,reducing calculating resource.The stability of the CADPC is rigorously proven using the Input-to-State Stable(ISS)theorem and the small-gain theorem.Simulations demonstrate that CADPC effectively handles the model-free space robot post operation in the presence of significant disturbances,state measurement noise,and control input errors.It achieves improved steady-state accuracy,reduced steady-state control consumption,and minimized control input chattering.展开更多
Gas hydrates,crystalline compounds composed of water and vip molecules,have gained attention for their potential in selective CO_(2)capture and storage.This study evaluates hydrate-based CO_(2)capture technologies f...Gas hydrates,crystalline compounds composed of water and vip molecules,have gained attention for their potential in selective CO_(2)capture and storage.This study evaluates hydrate-based CO_(2)capture technologies for flue gas decarbonization through experimental investigations and process simulations.Hydrate formation and dissociation experiments examined two configurations:a two-stage high-pressure formation process using the kinetic promoter sodium p-styrenesulfonate,which achieved a 53.65%CO_(2)removal rate and reduced concentration from 20 mol%to 9.27 mol%,and a three-stage low-pressure formation process employing both kinetic and thermodynamic promoters(TBAB and cyclopentane),attaining a 64.66%removal rate and lowering CO_(2)concentration to 9.11 mol%.Complementary to the experimental data,process simulations was conducted by the Aspen HYSYS and Aspen EDR.Then the comprehensive 4E(Energy,Exergy,Economy,and Environment)analysis identified the Low-Pressure Formation with Atmospheric Dissociation(L-A)configuration as the most effective approach.The L-A process exhibited the lowest total energy consumption of 240,077 MJ/h and the highest exergy efficiency of 0.725.Economically,it presented significantly lower equipment and operational costs compared to high-pressure alternatives.Environmentally,the L-A configuration maintained indirect CO_(2)emission ratios below one,indicating a net positive impact.These results suggest that the L-A process offers a balanced and efficient solution for industrial-scale CO_(2)capture,combining technical feasibility,cost-effectiveness,and environmental sustainability.展开更多
The International Maritime Organization(IMO)aims to reduce shipping greenhouse gas emissions by 70%by 2050,positioning onboard carbon capture(OCC)systems as essential tools,with chemical absorption being particularly ...The International Maritime Organization(IMO)aims to reduce shipping greenhouse gas emissions by 70%by 2050,positioning onboard carbon capture(OCC)systems as essential tools,with chemical absorption being particularly favorable due to its retrofit viability.This review analyzes advancements in chemical absorption technologies specific to shipborne applications,focusing on absorbent development,absorption tower optimization,and system integration.This article begins with an overview of OCC principles and advantages,followed by a discussion of technological progress,including feasibility studies and project outcomes.It explores various chemical absorbents,assessing performance,degradation,and emissions.The structural configurations of absorption towers and their modeling techniques are examined,alongside challenges such as limited vessel space,energy constraints,and gas-liquid distribution inefficiencies.Future directions emphasize the need for innovative absorbent designs,advanced simulation for tower optimization,and enhanced integration with ship energy systems,including renewable energy and waste heat recovery.The potential for intelligent technologies to enable real-time monitoring and automated management of carbon capture systems is highlighted.Finally,further investigations into fundamental interfaces and reaction kinetics are essential for advancing shipborne carbon capture technologies,providing a crucial reference for researchers and practitioners in the field.展开更多
CO_(2) capture and utilization(CCU)technologies have been recognized as crucial strategies for mitigating global warming,reducing carbon emission,and promoting resource circularity.As such,the design and development o...CO_(2) capture and utilization(CCU)technologies have been recognized as crucial strategies for mitigating global warming,reducing carbon emission,and promoting resource circularity.As such,the design and development of related materials have attracted considerable research attention.Carbon-based materials,characterized by tunable pore structures,abundant active sites,high specific surface area,and excellent chemical stability,demonstrate significant potential for applications in CO_(2) capture and utilization.This review systematically analyzes the adsorption behaviors and performance variations of typical carbon materials,including activated carbon,porous carbon,graphene,and carbon nanotubes during CO_(2) capture processes.Concerning CO_(2) utilization,emphasis is placed on recent advances in the catalytic applications of carbon-based materials in key reactions such as methanation,reverse water-gas shift,dry reforming of methane,and alcohol synthesis.Moreover,the benefits and drawbacks of carbon materials in terms of CO_(2) adsorption capacity,catalytic activity,and stability are thoroughly evaluated,and their potential applications in integrated CO_(2) capture and utilization technologies are discussed.Finally,key strategies for enhancing the performance of carbonaceous materials through structural modulation and surface modification are elucidated.This review aims to provide theoretical guidance for the future development and large-scale implementation of carbon-based materials in CCU technologies.展开更多
As atmospheric CO_(2) concentration continues to rise,carbon capture and utilization(CCU)technology has emerged as a critical strategy toward achieving carbon neutrality.CCU offers a dual advantage of mitigating CO_(2...As atmospheric CO_(2) concentration continues to rise,carbon capture and utilization(CCU)technology has emerged as a critical strategy toward achieving carbon neutrality.CCU offers a dual advantage of mitigating CO_(2) emissions while producing value-added chemicals and fuels.However,conventional CCU strategies typically decouple the CO_(2) capture and electrochemical conversion processes,resulting in increased system complexity,higher energy demands,and limited economic viability.Building an integrated system of CO_(2) capture and in-situ electroreduction can bridge the technological gap,reduce costs,and ultimately enhance carbon cycle efficiency.In this review,we highlight recent advances in CO_(2) capture and in-situ electroreduction technologies.We first evaluate the strengths and limitations of conventional CCU technologies and the emerging CO_(2) capture and direct utilization technologies.Subsequently,we summarize the breakthroughs in multifunctional catalyst systems and key catalyst optimization strategies,and analyze the mechanisms behind the performance improvement.Meanwhile,we also discuss the application progress of in-situ techniques and theoretical calculations in CO_(2) capture and in-situ electroreduction.Finally,we outline the unresolved scientific and engineering challenges and propose future research directions to accelerate the development of CO_(2) capture and in-situ electroreduction.展开更多
Nanoporous carbon materials were synthesized from asphaltenes using a thermo-chemical treatment under an inert atmosphere and in-situ KOH activation.N-doping was also employed in certain samples to reveal the impact o...Nanoporous carbon materials were synthesized from asphaltenes using a thermo-chemical treatment under an inert atmosphere and in-situ KOH activation.N-doping was also employed in certain samples to reveal the impact of nitrogen on the properties of materials.The synthesized materials were fully characterized to disclose their textural properties,structural parameters,surface functional groups,elemental compositions,and morphologies.Textural property analysis revealed a remarkable increase in surface areas after alkaline treatment(~1500-2000 m^(2)/g),which was mainly ascribed to the formation of micro-and mesopores.The measurements of structural parameters endorse and complement the findings on textural properties.The asphaltene-derived porous carbons have been employed in energy storage and carbon capture applications.The materials exhibit specific capacitances ranging from 130 to 180 F/g at 0.2 A/g in a 3 M KOH.These results suggest that nitrogen doping significantly enhances the pseudocapacitive behavior of the electroactive materials by promoting Fara-daic redox reactions and improving ion diffusion and adsorption rates.Asphaltene-derived porous carbons also exhibit notable CO_(2)adsorption capacities of 3-4 mmol/g at 25◦C and 1 bar.Also,breakthrough experiments confirm that the N-doped material exhibits remarkable stability,reusability,and increased surface basicity,achieving an impressive CO_(2)uptake of 0.446 mmol/g.These results highlight the potential of asphaltene-based porous carbons as efficient materials for carbon capture and energy storage applications.展开更多
An analytical model of a floating heaving box integrated with a vertical flexible porous membrane placed right next to the box applications to wave energy extraction and breakwater systems is developed under the reduc...An analytical model of a floating heaving box integrated with a vertical flexible porous membrane placed right next to the box applications to wave energy extraction and breakwater systems is developed under the reduced wave equation.The theoretical solutions for the heave radiating potential to the assigned physical model in the corresponding zones are attained by using the separation of variables approach along with the Fourier expansion.Applying the matching eigenfunction expansion technique and orthogonal conditions,the unknown coefficients that are involved in the radiated potentials are determined.The attained radiation potential allows the computation of hydrodynamic coefficients of the heaving buoy,Power Take-Off damping,and wave quantities.The accuracy of the analytical solution for the hydrodynamic coefficients is demonstrated for different oblique angles with varying numbers of terms in the series solution.The current analytical analysis findings are confirmed by existing published numerical boundary element method simulations.Several numerical results of the hydrodynamic coefficients,power capture,power take-off optimal damping,and transmission coefficients for numerous structural and physical aspects are conducted.It has been noted that the ideal power take-off damping increases as the angle of incidence rises,and the analysis suggests that the ability to capture waves is more effective in shallower waters compared to deeper ones.展开更多
Engineering the pore structure of biomass-derived activated carbons is critical for optimizing their performance in adsorptionbased applications.This study demonstrates for the first time that washing hydrochars in so...Engineering the pore structure of biomass-derived activated carbons is critical for optimizing their performance in adsorptionbased applications.This study demonstrates for the first time that washing hydrochars in solvents of different polarity before activation is a simple yet powerful strategy to tailor pore size distribution.Hydrochar is produced from spent coffee grounds via hydrothermal carbonization,followed by washing in various solvents and activation in KOH.This results in carbons with a very large surface area(~2700 m^(2)/g),and washing is demonstrated to significantly increase product yield.Furthermore,washing in non-polar or mixed-polarity solvents removes long-chain carboxylic acids and esters from the hydrochar,promoting the development of narrow micropores while suppressing mesopore formation.To illustrate the impact of this structural control of porous carbons,post-combustion CO_(2)capture is investigated as a case study.Narrower pore size distribution enhances CO_(2)uptake,significantly improving capacity from 2.8 mmol/g for unwashed samples to 3.8 mmol/g for acetone-washed samples.Interestingly,moderate pore size(9-12Å)is shown to be optimal for CO_(2):N2 selectivity,while smaller pores result in lower selectivity due to stronger interactions between N2 and the pore walls.These findings highlight the potential role of solvent washing in directing pore architecture of hydrochars for adsorption-based carbon capture technologies and beyond.展开更多
Further investigation is warranted into the collaborative function of carbon capture and electrolysis-to-gas conversion technologies within integrated electro-gas energy systems,as well as optimized scheduling that ad...Further investigation is warranted into the collaborative function of carbon capture and electrolysis-to-gas conversion technologies within integrated electro-gas energy systems,as well as optimized scheduling that addresses the variability of wind and solar energy,to promote multi-energy complementarity and energy decarbonization while enhancing the capacity to absorb new energy.This work presents an optimized scheduling model for electro-gas integrated energy systems that include hydrogen storage,utilizing information gap decision theory(IGDT).A model is constructed that integrates the synergistic functions of carbon capture and storage(CCS),power-to-gas(P2G),and gas turbine units through electrical coupling.A carbon ladder trading mechanism is implemented to mitigate carbon emissions inside the system.A day-ahead optimization scheduling model is subsequently built to maximize system operational profit and ensure hydrogen storage safety,while considering economic viability,low-carbon performance,and safety.Secondly,the trinitrotoluene(TNT)equivalent approach and the half-lethal range were employed to quantify the safety concerns associated with hydrogen storage tanks,offering the model optimization guidance and conservative management.Ultimately,the CCS-P2G integrated operation accounted for the unpredictability in wind and solar energy production through the application of information gap decision theory.The model was solved using the GUROBI solver.The findings indicate that the proposed approach diminishes system carbon emissions by 66%,attains complete integration of wind and solar energy,and eliminates hazardous working time for hydrogen storage tanks,reducing it from 10 h to zero.It ensures system safety while guaranteeing profits of at least 90%of the anticipated value,accounting for changes in wind and solar output within±14%.This confirms the model’s efficacy in improving renewable energy integration rates,facilitating low-carbon,cost-effective,and secure system operation,while mitigating the unpredictability of renewable energy production.展开更多
The utilization of solid wastes to prepare Li_(4)SiO_(4) based CO_(2) adsorbents and thermochemical energy storage(TES)materials has recently garnered significant interest.Considering practical application conditions,...The utilization of solid wastes to prepare Li_(4)SiO_(4) based CO_(2) adsorbents and thermochemical energy storage(TES)materials has recently garnered significant interest.Considering practical application conditions,the influence of CO_(2) concentration and temperature fluctuations on adsorbent performance remains a key research focus.Among various waste materials,waste clay bricks are particularly suitable for Li_(4)SiO_(4) synthesis due to their high SiO_(2) content(60% to 70%),while enabling waste valorization.Furthermore,it has been demonstrated that heteroatoms present in the waste materials positively in-fluence the CO_(2) adsorption performance of Li_(4)SiO_(4)-based adsorbents.In this study,Li_(4)SiO_(4) was syn thesized for the first time directly from waste clay bricks without pretreatment.Comprehensive characterization revealed that the resulting Li_(4)SiO_(4)-based adsorbent exhibits outstanding performance:a high CO_(2) capture capacity(27.9%(mass)),excellent cycling stability,and remarkable thermal energy storage capability(876.4 kJ·kg^(-1)).These superior properties position it as one of the most promising high-temperature adsorbents for simultaneous CO_(2) capture and thermal energy storage(TES)from fossil fuel flue gase.Moreover,the adsorbent maintained excellent stability under fluctuating temper-ature and CO_(2) concentration.Even at 20%(vol)CO_(2) and 500℃,it achieved a high capacity of 25.7%(mass),reaching equilibrium within 15 min.This CO_(2) capture performance is truly impressive.展开更多
The construction industry is a significant contributor to global CO_(2) emissions,and urgent innovation is needed to mitigate its environmental impact.This paper provides a comprehensive review of scalable approaches ...The construction industry is a significant contributor to global CO_(2) emissions,and urgent innovation is needed to mitigate its environmental impact.This paper provides a comprehensive review of scalable approaches for CO_(2) uptake in construction materials,including the injection of CO_(2) into fresh concrete,the CO_(2) curing of precast concrete,and the use of ceramics as CO_(2) sinks.Among these three approaches,CO_(2) curing methods for concrete represent the most advanced and widely adopted strategies within industrial practice,with substantial research supporting their effectiveness and scalability.The comparison of carbonation mineralisation across three distinct material groups reveals that the direct injection of CO_(2) into fresh concrete mixes results in CO_(2) uptake of less than 3 kg/m3.For the precast concrete elements,the CO_(2) uptake ranges from 30 to 350 kg/m3,while ceramics can achieve uptake efficiencies up to 23 wt.%under pilot-scale conditions.Achieving efficient CO_(2) uptake in fresh and precast concrete without compromising mechanical properties relies on precise control over the CO_(2) dose,a tailored mix design,and optimised curing conditions,while avoiding excessive carbonation that could reduce alkalinity or durability.Valorisation of carbonated materials as supplementary cementitious components or aggregates is identified as an important circular solution,though further research is needed to address regeneration,performance,and standardisation.The review highlights ongoing gaps in life-cycle assessment and industrial-scale validation,and recommends future work on durability and techno-economic optimisation for robust decarbonisation in the cement and concrete industries.展开更多
文摘In order to promote the utilization level of new energy resources for local and efficient consumption,this paper introduces the biogas(BG)fermentation technology into the integrated energy system(IES).This initiative is to study the collaborative and optimal scheduling of IES with wind power(WP),photovoltaic(PV),and BG,while integrating carbon capture system(CCS)and power-to-gas(P2G)system.Firstly,the framework of collaborative operation of IES for BG-CCS-P2G is constructed.Secondly,the flexible scheduling resources of the source and load sides are fully exploited,and the collaborative operation mode of CCS-P2G is proposed to establish a model of IES with WP,PV,and BG multi-energy flow coupling.Then,with the objective of minimizing the intra-day operating cost and the constraints of system energy balance and equipment operating limits,the IES withWP,PV,and BG collaborative optimal scheduling model is established.Finally,taking into account the uncertainty of the output of WP and PV generation,the proposed optimal scheduling model is solved by CPLEX,and its validity is verified by setting several scenarios.The results show that the proposed collaborative operation mode and optimal scheduling model can realize the efficient,low-carbon,and economic operation of the IES with WP,PV,and BG and significantly enhance the utilization of new energy for local consumption.
基金supported by the State Key Laboratory Special Programs of China Minmetals Corporation(Grant No.2024GZGJ02).
文摘During the tapping process of a blast furnace,a large amount of high-temperature dust is generated.Relying solely on dust removal systems to control the spread of dust within the workshop will generate huge energy consumption.Optimizing the high-temperature dust capture system is crucial for improving the working environment,reducing air pollution,and achieving energy savings and emission reductions.Considering the structural layout of workshops and the tapping characteristics of small and medium-sized blast furnaces in China,this study optimized the design of the particulate capture system by incorporating local dust hoods through numerical simulation,while also taking into account the local capture of particles at the hot metal ladle.The research found that to prevent dust escape,adding a small dust hood above the tapping hole and a side suction hood with a capacity of 100,000 m^(3)/h near the tap hole allowed all particles to be directly captured,reducing both their residence time and travel distance.Additionally,the height of thermal stratification within the workshop decreased,and the area of high-temperature zones was reduced.After adding a side suction hood in the hot metal ladle area,the temperature under the hood improved significantly,with the air temperature around the ladle dropping to approximately 40℃.When the side suction hood’s airflow exceeded 100,000 m^(3)/h,the capture efficiency reached 99.2%.However,when the observation hole of the top suction hood above the ladle was opened,the temperature inside the hood decreased by 10℃,and approximately 11.9%of the particles escaped through the observation hole into the workshop.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.52175279 and 51705459)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province,China (Grant No.LY20E050022)the Key Research and Development Projects of Zhejiang Provincial Science and Technology Department (Grant No.2021C03122)。
文摘This paper presented a novel tinny motion capture system for measuring bird posture based on inertial and magnetic measurement units that are made up of micromachined gyroscopes, accelerometers, and magnetometers. Multiple quaternion-based extended Kalman filters were implemented to estimate the absolute orientations to achieve high accuracy.Under the guidance of ornithology experts, the extending/contracting motions and flapping cycles were recorded using the developed motion capture system, and the orientation of each bone was also analyzed. The captured flapping gesture of the Falco peregrinus is crucial to the motion database of raptors as well as the bionic design.
基金National Science Foundation (CBET 1927336)Saudi Aramco,and the Lenfest Center for Sustainable Energy at the Earth Institute at Columbia University for financially supporting this work+3 种基金performed at GeoSoilEnviroCARS (The University of Chicago,Sector 13)Advanced Photon Source (APS),Argonne National Laboratory.GeoSoilEnviroCARS is supported by the National Science Foundation-Earth Sciences (EAR-1634415)the Department of Energy-GeoSciences (DE-FG02-94ER14466)the Advanced Photon Source,a U.S.Department of Energy (DOE)Office of Science User Facility operated for the DOE Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory under Contract No.DE-AC02-06CH11357.
文摘Metal-Organic Frameworks(MOFs)have been developed as solid sorbents for CO_(2) capture applications and their properties can be controlled by tuning the chemical blocks of their crystalline units.A number of MOFs(e.g.,HKUST-1)have been developed but the question remains how to deploy them for gas-solid contact.Unfortunately,the direct use of MOFs as nanocrystals would lead to serious problems and risks.Here,for the first time,we report a novel MOF-based hybrid sorbent that is produced via an innovative in-situ microencapsulated synthesis.Using a custom-made double capillary microfluidic assembly,double emulsions of the MOF precursor solutions and UV-curable silicone shell fluid are produced.Subsequently,HKUST-1 MOF is successfully synthesized within the droplets enclosed in the gas permeable microcapsules.The developed MOF-bearing microcapsules uniquely allow the deployment of functional nanocrystals without the challenge of handling ultrafine particles,and further,can selectively reject undesired compounds to protect encapsulated MOFs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (61503392)。
文摘This study presents a kinematic calibration method for exoskeletal inertial motion capture (EI-MoCap) system with considering the random colored noise such as gyroscopic drift.In this method, the geometric parameters are calibrated by the traditional calibration method at first. Then, in order to calibrate the parameters affected by the random colored noise, the expectation maximization (EM) algorithm is introduced. Through the use of geometric parameters calibrated by the traditional calibration method, the iterations under the EM framework are decreased and the efficiency of the proposed method on embedded system is improved. The performance of the proposed kinematic calibration method is compared to the traditional calibration method. Furthermore, the feasibility of the proposed method is verified on the EI-MoCap system. The simulation and experiment demonstrate that the motion capture precision is significantly improved by 16.79%and 7.16%respectively in comparison to the traditional calibration method.
基金Project supported by the Special Fund for Basic Scientific Researches of Central Universities“Study on the Ignition Mechanism of Pulverized Coal under High Pressure O_(2)/CO_(2)Atmosphere”(No.:2017KFYXJJ214).
文摘At present,the oxy-fuel combustion(O_(2)/CO_(2)circulating combustion)is dominant in natural gas generating systems,but it consumes much energy for air separation oxygen generation and carbon capture,leading to a severe reduction of generating efficiency.The O_(2)/H_(2)O combustion system,as the new generation of an oxy-combustion system,is superior to the oxy-fuel combustion,and its pollutant emission is lower,but during its combustion,air separation oxygen generation is still needed,so CO_(2)compression energy consumption is still higher.In this paper,a set of carbon capture system applying LNG cold energy to the O_(2)/H_(2)O combustion was developed,and its mathematical model was established to calculate thermal efficiency and exergy efficiency.And then,it was compared with the COOLCEP system which also makes use of LNG cold energy for carbon capture.The combustion process of this system is operated under high pressure with H_(2)O as the circulation medium,and LNG is utilized in a cascading pattern,so the energy consumption of air separation oxygen generation and carbon capture system is reduced,the generating efficiency of the system is increased and carbon capture is conducted at low cost.The thermal efficiency and energy efficiency of this system increase continuously as the inlet temperature of gas turbine rises.When the flow rate of circulating water is 13.5 kmol/s,the combustion pressure is 1.6 MPa,and the inlet temperature of gas turbine reaches 1328.1℃,the thermal efficiency and exergy efficiency is 57.9%(maximum)and 42.7%,respectively.Compared with COOLCEP system,the O_(2)/H_(2)O combustion system is much lower in energy consumption and its thermal efficiency and exergy efficiency are 6.3%and 5.4%higher,respectively.
基金supported by the Innovation and Strong School Engineering Fund of Guangdong Province(Grant No.2025KCXTD047)the Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center(Grant No.2021J020)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(Grant No.2021A1515011935)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12004285)the Hong Kong and Macao Joint Research and Development Fund of Wuyi University(Grant No.2019WGALH17)。
文摘Flexible printed circuit boards(FPCBs)play crucial roles in wearable electronics.FPCB-based sensors can be easily integrated into motion capture systems to detect and digitize human movements.However,non-conformity between sensors and human skin leads to signal distortion and motion artifacts.Herein,a polydimethylsiloxane-(Z)-sorbitan mono-9-octadecenote(PDMS-Span 80)adhesive film is developed to connect and co-deform the FPCB-based bending sensor with human skin.The PDMS-Span 80 adhesive film demonstrates a high adhesive(a higher adhesion force of 38.0 kPa),reusability(over 300 cycles),long-term stability(over 20 d),and robustness(high tolerance to washing and high temperatures).Meanwhile,the adhesive film can be stripped by a low peeling strength without skin damage and shows relatively better biocompatibility with skin.Specifically,combining the high adhesive,larger stretchability,and elasticity,and skin-like elasticity modulus,the adhesive film can co-deform with human skin.With the assistance of the PDMS-Span 80 adhesive film,the FPCB-based bending sensor not only possesses exceptional responsiveness,reliability,and durability but also eliminates the overshoot phenomenon when responding to the deformation of the skin.Successful application in a full-body motion capture for the digital twin of Chinese Kungfu demonstrated the great application promise of PDMS-Span 80 adhesive film.
文摘Musculoskeletal injuries pose significant challenges to global healthcare system.Traditional assessment and rehabilitation methods are often subjective,non-engaging and lack precise quantification.This review explores the potential of integrating Virtual Reality(VR)and motion capture technologies to address these limitations across injury management.It systematically analyzes the architecture of such systems and demonstrates that they enable the creation of standardized,high-intensity,personalized and safe environment for pre-injury risk assessment and post-injury rehabilitation in populations.This is achieved by quantifying key biomechanical risk factors.The integration of VR and motion capture system indicates a shift toward novel technological approaches in injury management,despite facing challenges in cost and standardization that require future development.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12372045)the National Key Research and the Development Program of China(Nos.2023YFC2205900,2023YFC2205901)。
文摘This paper solves the problem of model-free dual-arm space robot maneuvering after non-cooperative target capture under high control quality requirements.The explicit system model is unavailable,and the maneuvering mission is disturbed by the measurement noise and the target adversarial behavior.To address these problems,a model-free Combined Adaptive-length Datadriven Predictive Controller(CADPC)is proposed.It consists of a separated subsystem identification method and a combined predictive control strategy.The subsystem identification method is composed of an adaptive data length,thereby reducing sensitivity to undetermined measurement noises and disturbances.Based on the subsystem identification,the combined predictive controller is established,reducing calculating resource.The stability of the CADPC is rigorously proven using the Input-to-State Stable(ISS)theorem and the small-gain theorem.Simulations demonstrate that CADPC effectively handles the model-free space robot post operation in the presence of significant disturbances,state measurement noise,and control input errors.It achieves improved steady-state accuracy,reduced steady-state control consumption,and minimized control input chattering.
基金funded by the Science and Technology Special Project of Qingdao(24–1-8-xdny-18-nsh)the Excellent Youth Fund of Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2022YQ13)the Taishan Scholar Project of Shandong Province(tsqn202211159).
文摘Gas hydrates,crystalline compounds composed of water and vip molecules,have gained attention for their potential in selective CO_(2)capture and storage.This study evaluates hydrate-based CO_(2)capture technologies for flue gas decarbonization through experimental investigations and process simulations.Hydrate formation and dissociation experiments examined two configurations:a two-stage high-pressure formation process using the kinetic promoter sodium p-styrenesulfonate,which achieved a 53.65%CO_(2)removal rate and reduced concentration from 20 mol%to 9.27 mol%,and a three-stage low-pressure formation process employing both kinetic and thermodynamic promoters(TBAB and cyclopentane),attaining a 64.66%removal rate and lowering CO_(2)concentration to 9.11 mol%.Complementary to the experimental data,process simulations was conducted by the Aspen HYSYS and Aspen EDR.Then the comprehensive 4E(Energy,Exergy,Economy,and Environment)analysis identified the Low-Pressure Formation with Atmospheric Dissociation(L-A)configuration as the most effective approach.The L-A process exhibited the lowest total energy consumption of 240,077 MJ/h and the highest exergy efficiency of 0.725.Economically,it presented significantly lower equipment and operational costs compared to high-pressure alternatives.Environmentally,the L-A configuration maintained indirect CO_(2)emission ratios below one,indicating a net positive impact.These results suggest that the L-A process offers a balanced and efficient solution for industrial-scale CO_(2)capture,combining technical feasibility,cost-effectiveness,and environmental sustainability.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51876118)。
文摘The International Maritime Organization(IMO)aims to reduce shipping greenhouse gas emissions by 70%by 2050,positioning onboard carbon capture(OCC)systems as essential tools,with chemical absorption being particularly favorable due to its retrofit viability.This review analyzes advancements in chemical absorption technologies specific to shipborne applications,focusing on absorbent development,absorption tower optimization,and system integration.This article begins with an overview of OCC principles and advantages,followed by a discussion of technological progress,including feasibility studies and project outcomes.It explores various chemical absorbents,assessing performance,degradation,and emissions.The structural configurations of absorption towers and their modeling techniques are examined,alongside challenges such as limited vessel space,energy constraints,and gas-liquid distribution inefficiencies.Future directions emphasize the need for innovative absorbent designs,advanced simulation for tower optimization,and enhanced integration with ship energy systems,including renewable energy and waste heat recovery.The potential for intelligent technologies to enable real-time monitoring and automated management of carbon capture systems is highlighted.Finally,further investigations into fundamental interfaces and reaction kinetics are essential for advancing shipborne carbon capture technologies,providing a crucial reference for researchers and practitioners in the field.
基金Supported by National Key R&D Program of China(2025YFE0109700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52106150)。
文摘CO_(2) capture and utilization(CCU)technologies have been recognized as crucial strategies for mitigating global warming,reducing carbon emission,and promoting resource circularity.As such,the design and development of related materials have attracted considerable research attention.Carbon-based materials,characterized by tunable pore structures,abundant active sites,high specific surface area,and excellent chemical stability,demonstrate significant potential for applications in CO_(2) capture and utilization.This review systematically analyzes the adsorption behaviors and performance variations of typical carbon materials,including activated carbon,porous carbon,graphene,and carbon nanotubes during CO_(2) capture processes.Concerning CO_(2) utilization,emphasis is placed on recent advances in the catalytic applications of carbon-based materials in key reactions such as methanation,reverse water-gas shift,dry reforming of methane,and alcohol synthesis.Moreover,the benefits and drawbacks of carbon materials in terms of CO_(2) adsorption capacity,catalytic activity,and stability are thoroughly evaluated,and their potential applications in integrated CO_(2) capture and utilization technologies are discussed.Finally,key strategies for enhancing the performance of carbonaceous materials through structural modulation and surface modification are elucidated.This review aims to provide theoretical guidance for the future development and large-scale implementation of carbon-based materials in CCU technologies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundations of China(No.52470113 and 52225003,52300125)the 55Engineering Research&Innovation Team Project of Beijing Forestry University(No.BLRC2023B04)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(QNTD202506)。
文摘As atmospheric CO_(2) concentration continues to rise,carbon capture and utilization(CCU)technology has emerged as a critical strategy toward achieving carbon neutrality.CCU offers a dual advantage of mitigating CO_(2) emissions while producing value-added chemicals and fuels.However,conventional CCU strategies typically decouple the CO_(2) capture and electrochemical conversion processes,resulting in increased system complexity,higher energy demands,and limited economic viability.Building an integrated system of CO_(2) capture and in-situ electroreduction can bridge the technological gap,reduce costs,and ultimately enhance carbon cycle efficiency.In this review,we highlight recent advances in CO_(2) capture and in-situ electroreduction technologies.We first evaluate the strengths and limitations of conventional CCU technologies and the emerging CO_(2) capture and direct utilization technologies.Subsequently,we summarize the breakthroughs in multifunctional catalyst systems and key catalyst optimization strategies,and analyze the mechanisms behind the performance improvement.Meanwhile,we also discuss the application progress of in-situ techniques and theoretical calculations in CO_(2) capture and in-situ electroreduction.Finally,we outline the unresolved scientific and engineering challenges and propose future research directions to accelerate the development of CO_(2) capture and in-situ electroreduction.
基金financial support provided by Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research(KISR).
文摘Nanoporous carbon materials were synthesized from asphaltenes using a thermo-chemical treatment under an inert atmosphere and in-situ KOH activation.N-doping was also employed in certain samples to reveal the impact of nitrogen on the properties of materials.The synthesized materials were fully characterized to disclose their textural properties,structural parameters,surface functional groups,elemental compositions,and morphologies.Textural property analysis revealed a remarkable increase in surface areas after alkaline treatment(~1500-2000 m^(2)/g),which was mainly ascribed to the formation of micro-and mesopores.The measurements of structural parameters endorse and complement the findings on textural properties.The asphaltene-derived porous carbons have been employed in energy storage and carbon capture applications.The materials exhibit specific capacitances ranging from 130 to 180 F/g at 0.2 A/g in a 3 M KOH.These results suggest that nitrogen doping significantly enhances the pseudocapacitive behavior of the electroactive materials by promoting Fara-daic redox reactions and improving ion diffusion and adsorption rates.Asphaltene-derived porous carbons also exhibit notable CO_(2)adsorption capacities of 3-4 mmol/g at 25◦C and 1 bar.Also,breakthrough experiments confirm that the N-doped material exhibits remarkable stability,reusability,and increased surface basicity,achieving an impressive CO_(2)uptake of 0.446 mmol/g.These results highlight the potential of asphaltene-based porous carbons as efficient materials for carbon capture and energy storage applications.
基金Open access funding provided by FCT|FCCN(b-on)the Strategic Research Plan of the Centre for Marine Technology and Ocean Engineering(CENTEC),which is financed by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology(Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia-FCT)under contract UIDB/UIDP/00134/2020.
文摘An analytical model of a floating heaving box integrated with a vertical flexible porous membrane placed right next to the box applications to wave energy extraction and breakwater systems is developed under the reduced wave equation.The theoretical solutions for the heave radiating potential to the assigned physical model in the corresponding zones are attained by using the separation of variables approach along with the Fourier expansion.Applying the matching eigenfunction expansion technique and orthogonal conditions,the unknown coefficients that are involved in the radiated potentials are determined.The attained radiation potential allows the computation of hydrodynamic coefficients of the heaving buoy,Power Take-Off damping,and wave quantities.The accuracy of the analytical solution for the hydrodynamic coefficients is demonstrated for different oblique angles with varying numbers of terms in the series solution.The current analytical analysis findings are confirmed by existing published numerical boundary element method simulations.Several numerical results of the hydrodynamic coefficients,power capture,power take-off optimal damping,and transmission coefficients for numerous structural and physical aspects are conducted.It has been noted that the ideal power take-off damping increases as the angle of incidence rises,and the analysis suggests that the ability to capture waves is more effective in shallower waters compared to deeper ones.
基金supported by JST,grant number JPMJFS2132JST SPRING,grant number JPMJSP2136by an external research grant from Mitsubishi Fuso Truck&Bus Corporation。
文摘Engineering the pore structure of biomass-derived activated carbons is critical for optimizing their performance in adsorptionbased applications.This study demonstrates for the first time that washing hydrochars in solvents of different polarity before activation is a simple yet powerful strategy to tailor pore size distribution.Hydrochar is produced from spent coffee grounds via hydrothermal carbonization,followed by washing in various solvents and activation in KOH.This results in carbons with a very large surface area(~2700 m^(2)/g),and washing is demonstrated to significantly increase product yield.Furthermore,washing in non-polar or mixed-polarity solvents removes long-chain carboxylic acids and esters from the hydrochar,promoting the development of narrow micropores while suppressing mesopore formation.To illustrate the impact of this structural control of porous carbons,post-combustion CO_(2)capture is investigated as a case study.Narrower pore size distribution enhances CO_(2)uptake,significantly improving capacity from 2.8 mmol/g for unwashed samples to 3.8 mmol/g for acetone-washed samples.Interestingly,moderate pore size(9-12Å)is shown to be optimal for CO_(2):N2 selectivity,while smaller pores result in lower selectivity due to stronger interactions between N2 and the pore walls.These findings highlight the potential role of solvent washing in directing pore architecture of hydrochars for adsorption-based carbon capture technologies and beyond.
文摘Further investigation is warranted into the collaborative function of carbon capture and electrolysis-to-gas conversion technologies within integrated electro-gas energy systems,as well as optimized scheduling that addresses the variability of wind and solar energy,to promote multi-energy complementarity and energy decarbonization while enhancing the capacity to absorb new energy.This work presents an optimized scheduling model for electro-gas integrated energy systems that include hydrogen storage,utilizing information gap decision theory(IGDT).A model is constructed that integrates the synergistic functions of carbon capture and storage(CCS),power-to-gas(P2G),and gas turbine units through electrical coupling.A carbon ladder trading mechanism is implemented to mitigate carbon emissions inside the system.A day-ahead optimization scheduling model is subsequently built to maximize system operational profit and ensure hydrogen storage safety,while considering economic viability,low-carbon performance,and safety.Secondly,the trinitrotoluene(TNT)equivalent approach and the half-lethal range were employed to quantify the safety concerns associated with hydrogen storage tanks,offering the model optimization guidance and conservative management.Ultimately,the CCS-P2G integrated operation accounted for the unpredictability in wind and solar energy production through the application of information gap decision theory.The model was solved using the GUROBI solver.The findings indicate that the proposed approach diminishes system carbon emissions by 66%,attains complete integration of wind and solar energy,and eliminates hazardous working time for hydrogen storage tanks,reducing it from 10 h to zero.It ensures system safety while guaranteeing profits of at least 90%of the anticipated value,accounting for changes in wind and solar output within±14%.This confirms the model’s efficacy in improving renewable energy integration rates,facilitating low-carbon,cost-effective,and secure system operation,while mitigating the unpredictability of renewable energy production.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(5240101142)Yunnan Province basic research project(202401CF070252)+1 种基金the Key R&D plan of Yunnan Province(202303AC100008)the Scientific Researching Fund Projects of Yunnan Provincial Department of Education(2025J0077),which funded this study。
文摘The utilization of solid wastes to prepare Li_(4)SiO_(4) based CO_(2) adsorbents and thermochemical energy storage(TES)materials has recently garnered significant interest.Considering practical application conditions,the influence of CO_(2) concentration and temperature fluctuations on adsorbent performance remains a key research focus.Among various waste materials,waste clay bricks are particularly suitable for Li_(4)SiO_(4) synthesis due to their high SiO_(2) content(60% to 70%),while enabling waste valorization.Furthermore,it has been demonstrated that heteroatoms present in the waste materials positively in-fluence the CO_(2) adsorption performance of Li_(4)SiO_(4)-based adsorbents.In this study,Li_(4)SiO_(4) was syn thesized for the first time directly from waste clay bricks without pretreatment.Comprehensive characterization revealed that the resulting Li_(4)SiO_(4)-based adsorbent exhibits outstanding performance:a high CO_(2) capture capacity(27.9%(mass)),excellent cycling stability,and remarkable thermal energy storage capability(876.4 kJ·kg^(-1)).These superior properties position it as one of the most promising high-temperature adsorbents for simultaneous CO_(2) capture and thermal energy storage(TES)from fossil fuel flue gase.Moreover,the adsorbent maintained excellent stability under fluctuating temper-ature and CO_(2) concentration.Even at 20%(vol)CO_(2) and 500℃,it achieved a high capacity of 25.7%(mass),reaching equilibrium within 15 min.This CO_(2) capture performance is truly impressive.
基金funded by the Recovery and Resilience Plan(PRR)to support Collaborative Laboratories(CoLABs),Interface Mission[Notice No.01/C05-i02/2022].
文摘The construction industry is a significant contributor to global CO_(2) emissions,and urgent innovation is needed to mitigate its environmental impact.This paper provides a comprehensive review of scalable approaches for CO_(2) uptake in construction materials,including the injection of CO_(2) into fresh concrete,the CO_(2) curing of precast concrete,and the use of ceramics as CO_(2) sinks.Among these three approaches,CO_(2) curing methods for concrete represent the most advanced and widely adopted strategies within industrial practice,with substantial research supporting their effectiveness and scalability.The comparison of carbonation mineralisation across three distinct material groups reveals that the direct injection of CO_(2) into fresh concrete mixes results in CO_(2) uptake of less than 3 kg/m3.For the precast concrete elements,the CO_(2) uptake ranges from 30 to 350 kg/m3,while ceramics can achieve uptake efficiencies up to 23 wt.%under pilot-scale conditions.Achieving efficient CO_(2) uptake in fresh and precast concrete without compromising mechanical properties relies on precise control over the CO_(2) dose,a tailored mix design,and optimised curing conditions,while avoiding excessive carbonation that could reduce alkalinity or durability.Valorisation of carbonated materials as supplementary cementitious components or aggregates is identified as an important circular solution,though further research is needed to address regeneration,performance,and standardisation.The review highlights ongoing gaps in life-cycle assessment and industrial-scale validation,and recommends future work on durability and techno-economic optimisation for robust decarbonisation in the cement and concrete industries.
