This paper introduces a method for modeling the entire aggregated electric vehicle(EV)charging process and analyzing its dispatchable capabilities.The methodology involves developing a model for aggregated EV charging...This paper introduces a method for modeling the entire aggregated electric vehicle(EV)charging process and analyzing its dispatchable capabilities.The methodology involves developing a model for aggregated EV charging at the charging station level,estimating its physical dispatchable capability,determining its economic dispatchable capability under economic incentives,modeling its participation in the grid,and investigating the effects of different scenarios and EV penetration on the aggregated load dispatch and dispatchable capability.The results indicate that using economic dispatchable capability reduces charging prices by 9.7%compared to physical dispatchable capability and 9.3%compared to disorderly charging.Additionally,the peak-to-valley difference is reduced by 64.6%when applying economic dispatchable capability with 20%EV penetration and residential base load,compared to disorderly charging.展开更多
A comprehensive model is proposed to evaluate the damage capability of laser system in ground-air defense environments.This model takes into account the laser system's heavy reliance on weather conditions and the ...A comprehensive model is proposed to evaluate the damage capability of laser system in ground-air defense environments.This model takes into account the laser system's heavy reliance on weather conditions and the stringent requirements for beam pointing accuracy.It initiates by simulating the laser spot characteristics on target in ground-to-air environments,factoring in the effects of atmospheric turbulence,absorption and scattering through slant transmission paths.Subsequently,a calculation method based on the thermal damage effect of the target material is introduced to quantify the damage ability of the laser system.To further enhance the model's applicability,a method for calculating the laser damage probability based on random crossover theory has been introduced,which takes into account the error of the Acquisition,Tracking and Pointing(ATP)system to estimate the likelihood of successful damage in operation applications.Theoretical analysis and simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed model in calculating and analyzing the damage capability of laser system in ground-air defense environments.This model offers valuable decision-making insights for users of laser systems operating in lowaltitude atmospheric conditions.Furthermore,it furnishes essential data support for the development and validation of laser systems,ensuring their effectiveness in real-world applications.展开更多
The occurrence of hydrocarbon migration in petroliferous basins depends on the balance of driving force and resistance of carriers, which restricts mostly the quantity and positions of hydrocarbon accumulation. The dr...The occurrence of hydrocarbon migration in petroliferous basins depends on the balance of driving force and resistance of carriers, which restricts mostly the quantity and positions of hydrocarbon accumulation. The driving forces of hydrocarbon migration have been quantitatively studied, whereas the migration pathways and carriers were only qualitatively discussed up to now. Establishing a compound hydrocarbon carrier system and quantitatively characterizing its transport capability are significant for understanding the dynamic process of hydrocarbon migration and revealing the hydrocarbon accumulation characteristics. It has become an innovatory trend and also a difficult topic in study of hydrocarbon migration. In this article, a method is described for using displacement pressure to quantitatively characterize the transport capability of the compound carrier system, which composed of sandstone carriers, unconformities and faults. When the weathered and leached zone rarely developed, the basal conglomerate or transgressive sandstone of unconformities can be treated as part of sandstone carriers. An empirical relationship among core porosity, air permeability, and the pore aperture radius corresponding to a mercury saturation of 10% （r 10 ） can be obtained by multiple regression. Using porosity and permeability inversed by seismic data, the displacement pressure of sandstone carriers can be calculated by the empirical relationship and Washburn Equation. Displacement pressure of fault plane can be estimated by the regression formula between fault opening index （FOI） and hydrocarbon column height it can support. This method is applied in the eastern part of south slope in Dongying （东营） depression, Bohai （渤海） Bay Basin, China, to quantitatively characterize thetransport capability of the compound carrier system of Shahejie （沙河街） Formation. The results have good agreement with data from drilling wells. This method may be a step further in study of compound hydrocarbon carrier system in petroliferous basins. It may provide the basis of coupling expulsion quantity, migration driving force and hydrocarbon carrier system to simulate hydrocarbon migration and accumulation. Therefore this will help predict hydrocarbon migration pathways and the locations ofhydrocarbon accumulation.展开更多
In response to the development of deep-sea oil and gas resources,which require a high degree of cooperation by crude oil transportation equipment,a new type of ship known as the cargo transfer vessel(CTV)has been deve...In response to the development of deep-sea oil and gas resources,which require a high degree of cooperation by crude oil transportation equipment,a new type of ship known as the cargo transfer vessel(CTV)has been developed.To provide a theoretical reference for the design and equipment of the CTV’s dynamic positioning system,in this paper,we take the new deepwater CTVas the study object and theoretically and numerically analyze its operation,wind load,current load,wave load,and navigational resistance in a range of Brazilian sea conditions with respect to its positioning and towing modes.We confirm that our proposed method can successfully calculate the total environmental load of the CTVand that the CTV is able to operate normally under the designed sea conditions.展开更多
This paper employs system dynamics to explore how the synergy between technology management and technological capability affects new product development.The results show that the synergy between technology management ...This paper employs system dynamics to explore how the synergy between technology management and technological capability affects new product development.The results show that the synergy between technology management and technological capability has positive impact on new product development.Moreover, the leading synergy processes between technology management and technological capability in different new product development stages are different.This paper deepens the theoretical understanding of how to achieve new product development, and also provides useful guidance for firms to implement new product development.展开更多
Up to date, tropical mountainous ecosystems still lack in depth information on soil and environmental characteristics which are major factors limiting optimum crop production. The objective of this work was to study s...Up to date, tropical mountainous ecosystems still lack in depth information on soil and environmental characteristics which are major factors limiting optimum crop production. The objective of this work was to study soil characteristics and to evaluate the land capability level for the production of some common tropical crops in mountainous ecosystem soils of North West Cameroon. Soil sampling was done following a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications for three topographic positions (upslope, midslope and footslope) and at two depths (0 - 20 cm and 20 - 100 cm). It was completed by standard laboratory analyses. The fertility capability classification (FCC) system enabled to identify soil limitations and to classify soils into FCC units. Land and climate were evaluated by simple limitation and parametric methods. Globally, the soils were dark-colored, sandy clayey to clayey, compact and very acidic (pHH2O = 4.3 - 5.8). The organic matter (3.7% - 5.1% dry matter), total nitrogen (0.08% - 0.56%) and available phosphorus (22.1 to 30.9 mg?kg?1) recorded for the 0 - 20 cm depth then reduced with depth but midslope values were also lower. The C/N ratio varied between 9 and 45. Low C/N values appeared mostly in 0 - 20 cm depth at the upslope and downslope soils and subsurface soils of midslope position. Exchangeable Ca was very low to low (1.43 - 3.6 cmol + kg?1), Mg was very low to low (0.39 - 1.5 cmol + kg?1), K was low to medium (0.2 - 0.54 cmol + kg?1) and Na was very low (?1). The sum of exchangeable bases was very low (3.02 - 5.19 cmol + kg?1), cation exchange capacity was low to moderate (8.60 - 25.6 cmol + kg?1) and base saturation was very low to low (19.27% - 36.97%). Leaching of bases under heavy rainfall is a major cause of soil acidification under humid topical ecosystems. The Ca/Mg/K ratio was unbalanced and Mg was the most relatively concentrated base in all the soils. There was a clear variation of most of the soil properties along the slope and with depth. The soils were classified in the FCC system as aek for the upslope soils, Caek for the midslope soils and Cagk for the footslope soils. The principal limitations to production of huckleberry, beans, maize and potatoes were heavy rainfall, wetness, steep slope, soil texture/structure and low soil fertility. These constraints might be overcome by farming at the end of the raining season, contour ploughing, terracing, fertilization and liming.展开更多
As the scale of current systems become larger and larger and their complexity is increasing gradually,research on executable models in the design phase becomes significantly important as it is helpful to simulate the ...As the scale of current systems become larger and larger and their complexity is increasing gradually,research on executable models in the design phase becomes significantly important as it is helpful to simulate the execution process and capture defects of a system in advance.Meanwhile,the capability of a system becomes so important that stakeholders tend to emphasize their capability requirements when developing a system.To deal with the lack of official specifications and the fundamental theory basis for capability requirement,we propose a cooperative capability requirements(CCR)meta-model as a theory basis for researchers to refer to in this research domain,in which we provide detailed definition of the CCR concepts,associations and rules.Moreover,we also propose an executable framework,which may enable modelers to simulate the execution process of a system in advance and do well in filling the inconsistency and semantic gaps between stakeholders’requirements and their models.The primary working mechanism of the framework is to transform the Alf activity meta-model into the communicating sequential process(CSP)process meta-model based on some mapping rules,after which the internal communication mechanism between process nodes is designed to smooth the execution of behaviors in a CSP system.Moreover,a validation method is utilized to check the correctness and consistency of the models,and a self-fixing mechanism is used to fix the errors and warnings captured during the validation process automatically.Finally,a validation report is generated and fed back to the modelers for system optimization.展开更多
In the field of weapon system of systems (WSOS) simulation, various indicators are widely used to describe the capability of WSOS, but it is always difficult to describe the comprehensive capability of WSOS quickly an...In the field of weapon system of systems (WSOS) simulation, various indicators are widely used to describe the capability of WSOS, but it is always difficult to describe the comprehensive capability of WSOS quickly and intuitively by visualization of multi-dimensional indicators. A method of machine learning and visualization is proposed, which can display and analyze the capabilities of different WSOS in a two-dimensional plane. The analysis and comparison of the comprehensive capability of different components of WSOS is realized by the method, which consists of six parts: multiple simulations, key indicators mining, three spatial distance calculation, fusion project calculation, calculation of individual capability density, and calculation of multiple capability ranges overlay. Binding a simulation experiment, the collaborative analysis of six indicators and 100 possible kinds of red WSOS are achieved. The experimental results show that this method can effectively improve the quality and speed of capabilities analysis, reveal a large number of potential information, and provide a visual support for the qualitative and quantitative analysis model.展开更多
The penetration rate of distributed generation is gradually increasing in the distribution system concerned.This is creating new problems and challenges in the planning and operation of the system.The intermittency an...The penetration rate of distributed generation is gradually increasing in the distribution system concerned.This is creating new problems and challenges in the planning and operation of the system.The intermittency and variability of power outputs from numerous distributed renewable generators could significantly jeopardize the secure operation of the distribution system.Therefore,it is necessary to assess the hosting capability for intermittent distributed generation by a distribution system considering operational constraints.This is the subject of this study.An assessment model considering the uncertainty of generation outputs from distributed generators is presented for this purpose.It involves different types of regulation or control functions using on-load tap-changers(OLTCs),reactive power compensation devices,energy storage systems,and the reactive power support of the distributed generators employed.A robust optimization model is then attained It is solved by Bertsimas robust counterpart through GUROBI solver.Finally,the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed method are demonstrated by a modified IEEE 33-bus distribution system.In addition,the effects of the aforementioned regulation or control functions on the enhancement of the hosting capability for intermittent distributed generation are examined.展开更多
The projected 300% growth rate in the population of Enugu area and its environs by the year 2020 and the expected increase in waste generation necessitated the need to map out areas for waste disposal for future utili...The projected 300% growth rate in the population of Enugu area and its environs by the year 2020 and the expected increase in waste generation necessitated the need to map out areas for waste disposal for future utilization and as a protective strategy for the environment in Enugu area. Land capability index mapping using Geographic Information System (GIS) is one of the appropriate tools required for solving this problem. A total of 12 landuse determinants were selected as thematic data layers, and as basic factors influencing the choice of waste disposal landuse option in the area. The themes (thematic maps) generated from field/laboratory measurements and from literature, include slope, water table, surface and subsurface water conditions, elevation, geology, soil, drainage and geo-structural stability (fault, erosion, landslide and flooding) maps. The maps were scanned, digitized, georeferenced, and polygonized using autocard drawing capabilities to convert them into vector format and later exported to arc view software for analysis. The final processing using overlay model builder yields layers that display areas of preferred waste disposal sites in a map form, which generally shows areas of varying suitability (suitable, moderately (low) suitable and unsuitable). The waste disposal map of Enugu area shows that blocks1 (Obeagu area) and 3 (Ebe/Nsude areas) represent suitable and unsuitable areas, respectively, while block 2 (Ngwo area) has low suitability for waste disposal.展开更多
State-owned enterprises are important pillars of socialism with Chinese characteristics,and the modernization of their governance system and governance capacity is an important part of the modernization of the nationa...State-owned enterprises are important pillars of socialism with Chinese characteristics,and the modernization of their governance system and governance capacity is an important part of the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity.Through case study and specific practice,this paper carries out an in-depth thinking and serious analysis on how to promote the modernization of the governance system and governance capacity of state-owned enterprises under the new situation and requirements.This paper puts forward three kinds of management and control mechanism to enhance core competence in addition to the specific implementation path by using digital governance means.展开更多
Infrastructure development in Nigeria has attracted the attention of researchers in view of the attitudes of contractors and government lead-lag role playing. These attitudes led to the enactment of Fiscal Responsibil...Infrastructure development in Nigeria has attracted the attention of researchers in view of the attitudes of contractors and government lead-lag role playing. These attitudes led to the enactment of Fiscal Responsibility Act 2007 and Public Procurement Act 2007 to reduce internal control system deficiencies and budget indiscipline in the Nigerian public sector fiscal matters and procurement process. Ironically, despite these efforts, infrastructure development is still a problem affecting the lives of Nigerians as their poverty level is on the increase. This paper tests the effects of internal control system deficiency on contractors＇ capability in infrastructure development in the Nigerian public sector. Data drawn from a sample of 228 infrastructures were used for analysis. Two research questions on contractors＇ fiduciary obligation to government and capacity were analysed. Kendall＇s Tau-br correlation of coefficient and Chi-square X^2 statistics were employed for data analysis. Findings show that deficient internal control system strongly and directly breeds deficiency in the contractors＇ capability for infrastructure development. The paper recommends that oath of bribery should complement oath of secrecy to ensure that contractors and government agencies that are responsible for execution of infrastructure play to the rules of the ＂games＂, especially the provisions of Public Procurement Act 2007 and Fiscal Responsibility Act 2007. Public-private-partnership-initiative, such as build-operate and transfer method of contracting, should be encouraged to improve on contractors＇ capability and stewardship.展开更多
In this paper, we consider a cost-based extension of intrusion detection capability (CID). An objective metric motivated by information theory is presented and based on this formulation;a package for computing the int...In this paper, we consider a cost-based extension of intrusion detection capability (CID). An objective metric motivated by information theory is presented and based on this formulation;a package for computing the intrusion detection capability of intrusion detection system (IDS), given certain input parameters is developed using Java. In order to determine the expected cost at each IDS operating point, the decision tree method of analysis is employed, and plots of expected cost and intrusion detection capability against false positive rate were generated. The point of intersection between the maximum intrusion detection capability and the expected cost is selected as the optimal operating point. Considering an IDS in the context of its intrinsic ability to detect intrusions at the least expected cost, findings revealed that the optimal operating point is the most suitable for the given IDS. The cost-based extension is used to select optimal operating point, calculate expected cost, and compare two actual intrusion detectors. The proposed cost-based extension of intrusion detection capability will be very useful to information technology (IT), telecommunication firms, and financial institutions, for making proper decisions in evaluating the suitability of an IDS for a specific operational environment.展开更多
The application of some MVS operations (each dimension of which corresponds to a capability indicator) in system capability analysis and design, including capability indicator requirement analysis, effectiveness analy...The application of some MVS operations (each dimension of which corresponds to a capability indicator) in system capability analysis and design, including capability indicator requirement analysis, effectiveness analysis, sensibility analysis, fuzzy analysis, stability analysis, capability optimization design, etc., is discussed in the second paper of this series of papers. And some MVS-based models and algorithms for capability analysis and design are put forward. Finally, an example of capability analysis and optimization design is given for explaining the usages of related models and algorithms.展开更多
This paper presents the design of an asymmetrically variable wingtip anhedral angles morphing aircraft,inspired by biomimetic mechanisms,to enhance lateral maneuver capability.Firstly,we establish a lateral dynamic mo...This paper presents the design of an asymmetrically variable wingtip anhedral angles morphing aircraft,inspired by biomimetic mechanisms,to enhance lateral maneuver capability.Firstly,we establish a lateral dynamic model considering additional forces and moments resulting during the morphing process,and convert it into a Multiple Input Multiple Output(MIMO)virtual control system by importing virtual inputs.Secondly,a classical dynamics inversion controller is designed for the outer-loop system.A new Global Fast Terminal Incremental Sliding Mode Controller(NDO-GFTISMC)is proposed for the inner-loop system,in which an adaptive law is implemented to weaken control surface chattering,and a Nonlinear Disturbance Observer(NDO)is integrated to compensate for unknown disturbances.The whole control system is proven semiglobally uniformly ultimately bounded based on the multi-Lyapunov function method.Furthermore,we consider tracking errors and self-characteristics of actuators,a quadratic programmingbased dynamic control allocation law is designed,which allocates virtual control inputs to the asymmetrically deformed wingtip and rudder.Actuator dynamic models are incorporated to ensure physical realizability of designed allocation law.Finally,comparative experimental results validate the effectiveness of the designed control system and control allocation law.The NDO-GFTISMC features faster convergence,stronger robustness,and 81.25%and 75.0%reduction in maximum state tracking error under uncertainty compared to the Incremental Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion Controller based on NDO(NDO-INDI)and Incremental Sliding Mode Controller based on NDO(NDO-ISMC),respectively.The design of the morphing aircraft significantly enhances lateral maneuver capability,maintaining a substantial control margin during lateral maneuvering,reducing the burden of the rudder surface,and effectively solving the actuator saturation problem of traditional aircraft during lateral maneuvering.展开更多
Capability Accreditation Program(CAP) of Ethics Review System for Chinese Medicine Research of World Federation of Chinese Medicine Societies(WFCMS) is the first certification project in the field of Chinese medicine ...Capability Accreditation Program(CAP) of Ethics Review System for Chinese Medicine Research of World Federation of Chinese Medicine Societies(WFCMS) is the first certification project in the field of Chinese medicine research on ethics review. Based on the Requirements for Ethical Review of Biomedical Research Involving Human, ethical review system for Chinese medicine research was established and standardized from 4 aspects, such as organization, ethics committee, office of the ethics committee, and researchers. The period of CAP certification is three years, which include certification application and acceptance, initial certification(document review, on-site audit), certification decision, and supervision audit. The implementation of the CAP certification is of great importance for upgrading the research on ethics review system of Chinese medicine, which promotes the development of the research on ethics review system in China and the continuous improvement of the ability of the Chinese medicine research on ethics review.展开更多
This paper introduces an analysis method for capability reliability of a thermal system. In the method, the requirement of its capability is taken as a failure criterion. Following the process of obtaining the capabil...This paper introduces an analysis method for capability reliability of a thermal system. In the method, the requirement of its capability is taken as a failure criterion. Following the process of obtaining the capability and using Monte Carlo random simulation, the system reliability is analyzed, with thermal calculating. With the help of an example, a system composed of two units and under random boundary condition, the paper shows how to analyze the capability reliability.展开更多
Under the National Innovation-Driven Development Strategy,establishing a scientifically sound evaluation system for normal university students’innovation and entrepreneurship capabilities serves as a crucial foundati...Under the National Innovation-Driven Development Strategy,establishing a scientifically sound evaluation system for normal university students’innovation and entrepreneurship capabilities serves as a crucial foundation for optimizing innovation education models and enhancing teacher candidates’comprehensive competencies.Based on existing indicator frameworks,we designed a questionnaire and applied exploratory factor analysis(EFA)to screen indicators,reduce dimensionality,and analyze weighting.This process identified key metrics for evaluating pedagogical students’innovation capacities,ultimately constructing a targeted assessment system for normal university students.The study provides theoretical support for cultivating teacher trainees’innovative capabilities while contributing to the national innovation strategy implementation.展开更多
The relationship between the neighborhood environment and well-being is attracting increasingly attention from researchers and policymakers,as the goal of development has shift from economy to well-being.However,exist...The relationship between the neighborhood environment and well-being is attracting increasingly attention from researchers and policymakers,as the goal of development has shift from economy to well-being.However,existing literature predominantly adopts the utilitarian approach,understanding well-being as people’s feelings about their lives and viewing the neighborhood environment as resources that benefit well-being.The Capability Approach,a novel approach that conceptualize well-being as the freedoms to do or to be and regard environment as conversion factors that influence well-being,can offer new lens by incorporating human development in-to these topics.This paper proposes an alternative theoretical framework:well-being is conceptualized and measured by capability;neighborhood environment affects well-being by providing spatial services,functioning as environmental conversion factors,and serving as social conversion factors.We conducted a case study of Changshu City located in eastern China,utilizing multiple resource data,applying explainable artificial intelligence(XAI),namely eXtreme Gradient Boosting(XGBoost)and SHapley Additive exPlana-tions(SHAP).Our findings highlight the significance of viewing the neighborhood environment as a set of conversion factors,as it provides more explanatory power than providing spatial services.Compared to conventional research based on linear relationship as-sumption,our results demonstrate that the effects of neighborhood environment on well-being are non-linear,characterized by threshold effects and interaction effects.These insights are crucial for informing urban planning and public policy.This research enriches our un-derstanding of well-being,neighborhood environment,and their relationship as well as provides empirical evidence for the core concept of conversion factors in the capability approach.展开更多
基金State Grid Henan Power Company Science and Technology Project‘Key Technology and Demonstration Application of Multi-Domain Electric Vehicle Aggregated Charging Load Dispatch’(5217L0240003).
文摘This paper introduces a method for modeling the entire aggregated electric vehicle(EV)charging process and analyzing its dispatchable capabilities.The methodology involves developing a model for aggregated EV charging at the charging station level,estimating its physical dispatchable capability,determining its economic dispatchable capability under economic incentives,modeling its participation in the grid,and investigating the effects of different scenarios and EV penetration on the aggregated load dispatch and dispatchable capability.The results indicate that using economic dispatchable capability reduces charging prices by 9.7%compared to physical dispatchable capability and 9.3%compared to disorderly charging.Additionally,the peak-to-valley difference is reduced by 64.6%when applying economic dispatchable capability with 20%EV penetration and residential base load,compared to disorderly charging.
基金co-supported by the National Social Science Foundation of China(No.2022-SKJJ-C-037)the Ministerial-level Funding Project,China(JY2023A016)。
文摘A comprehensive model is proposed to evaluate the damage capability of laser system in ground-air defense environments.This model takes into account the laser system's heavy reliance on weather conditions and the stringent requirements for beam pointing accuracy.It initiates by simulating the laser spot characteristics on target in ground-to-air environments,factoring in the effects of atmospheric turbulence,absorption and scattering through slant transmission paths.Subsequently,a calculation method based on the thermal damage effect of the target material is introduced to quantify the damage ability of the laser system.To further enhance the model's applicability,a method for calculating the laser damage probability based on random crossover theory has been introduced,which takes into account the error of the Acquisition,Tracking and Pointing(ATP)system to estimate the likelihood of successful damage in operation applications.Theoretical analysis and simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed model in calculating and analyzing the damage capability of laser system in ground-air defense environments.This model offers valuable decision-making insights for users of laser systems operating in lowaltitude atmospheric conditions.Furthermore,it furnishes essential data support for the development and validation of laser systems,ensuring their effectiveness in real-world applications.
基金supported by the Chinese National Major Fundamental Research Developing Project(No.2011ZX08005-004)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41102078)
文摘The occurrence of hydrocarbon migration in petroliferous basins depends on the balance of driving force and resistance of carriers, which restricts mostly the quantity and positions of hydrocarbon accumulation. The driving forces of hydrocarbon migration have been quantitatively studied, whereas the migration pathways and carriers were only qualitatively discussed up to now. Establishing a compound hydrocarbon carrier system and quantitatively characterizing its transport capability are significant for understanding the dynamic process of hydrocarbon migration and revealing the hydrocarbon accumulation characteristics. It has become an innovatory trend and also a difficult topic in study of hydrocarbon migration. In this article, a method is described for using displacement pressure to quantitatively characterize the transport capability of the compound carrier system, which composed of sandstone carriers, unconformities and faults. When the weathered and leached zone rarely developed, the basal conglomerate or transgressive sandstone of unconformities can be treated as part of sandstone carriers. An empirical relationship among core porosity, air permeability, and the pore aperture radius corresponding to a mercury saturation of 10% （r 10 ） can be obtained by multiple regression. Using porosity and permeability inversed by seismic data, the displacement pressure of sandstone carriers can be calculated by the empirical relationship and Washburn Equation. Displacement pressure of fault plane can be estimated by the regression formula between fault opening index （FOI） and hydrocarbon column height it can support. This method is applied in the eastern part of south slope in Dongying （东营） depression, Bohai （渤海） Bay Basin, China, to quantitatively characterize thetransport capability of the compound carrier system of Shahejie （沙河街） Formation. The results have good agreement with data from drilling wells. This method may be a step further in study of compound hydrocarbon carrier system in petroliferous basins. It may provide the basis of coupling expulsion quantity, migration driving force and hydrocarbon carrier system to simulate hydrocarbon migration and accumulation. Therefore this will help predict hydrocarbon migration pathways and the locations ofhydrocarbon accumulation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51509046)Foundation of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology High-tech Ship Scientific Research(Grant No.2016-26)
文摘In response to the development of deep-sea oil and gas resources,which require a high degree of cooperation by crude oil transportation equipment,a new type of ship known as the cargo transfer vessel(CTV)has been developed.To provide a theoretical reference for the design and equipment of the CTV’s dynamic positioning system,in this paper,we take the new deepwater CTVas the study object and theoretically and numerically analyze its operation,wind load,current load,wave load,and navigational resistance in a range of Brazilian sea conditions with respect to its positioning and towing modes.We confirm that our proposed method can successfully calculate the total environmental load of the CTVand that the CTV is able to operate normally under the designed sea conditions.
基金supported by the Heilongjiang Philosophy and Social Science Research Project (19GLB087)。
文摘This paper employs system dynamics to explore how the synergy between technology management and technological capability affects new product development.The results show that the synergy between technology management and technological capability has positive impact on new product development.Moreover, the leading synergy processes between technology management and technological capability in different new product development stages are different.This paper deepens the theoretical understanding of how to achieve new product development, and also provides useful guidance for firms to implement new product development.
文摘Up to date, tropical mountainous ecosystems still lack in depth information on soil and environmental characteristics which are major factors limiting optimum crop production. The objective of this work was to study soil characteristics and to evaluate the land capability level for the production of some common tropical crops in mountainous ecosystem soils of North West Cameroon. Soil sampling was done following a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications for three topographic positions (upslope, midslope and footslope) and at two depths (0 - 20 cm and 20 - 100 cm). It was completed by standard laboratory analyses. The fertility capability classification (FCC) system enabled to identify soil limitations and to classify soils into FCC units. Land and climate were evaluated by simple limitation and parametric methods. Globally, the soils were dark-colored, sandy clayey to clayey, compact and very acidic (pHH2O = 4.3 - 5.8). The organic matter (3.7% - 5.1% dry matter), total nitrogen (0.08% - 0.56%) and available phosphorus (22.1 to 30.9 mg?kg?1) recorded for the 0 - 20 cm depth then reduced with depth but midslope values were also lower. The C/N ratio varied between 9 and 45. Low C/N values appeared mostly in 0 - 20 cm depth at the upslope and downslope soils and subsurface soils of midslope position. Exchangeable Ca was very low to low (1.43 - 3.6 cmol + kg?1), Mg was very low to low (0.39 - 1.5 cmol + kg?1), K was low to medium (0.2 - 0.54 cmol + kg?1) and Na was very low (?1). The sum of exchangeable bases was very low (3.02 - 5.19 cmol + kg?1), cation exchange capacity was low to moderate (8.60 - 25.6 cmol + kg?1) and base saturation was very low to low (19.27% - 36.97%). Leaching of bases under heavy rainfall is a major cause of soil acidification under humid topical ecosystems. The Ca/Mg/K ratio was unbalanced and Mg was the most relatively concentrated base in all the soils. There was a clear variation of most of the soil properties along the slope and with depth. The soils were classified in the FCC system as aek for the upslope soils, Caek for the midslope soils and Cagk for the footslope soils. The principal limitations to production of huckleberry, beans, maize and potatoes were heavy rainfall, wetness, steep slope, soil texture/structure and low soil fertility. These constraints might be overcome by farming at the end of the raining season, contour ploughing, terracing, fertilization and liming.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFC0806900)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Funded Project(2018M633757)+1 种基金the Primary Research&Development Plan of Jiangsu Province(BE2016904,BE2017616,BE2018754,BE2019762)Jiangsu Province Postdoctoral Science Foundation Funded Project(2019K185).
文摘As the scale of current systems become larger and larger and their complexity is increasing gradually,research on executable models in the design phase becomes significantly important as it is helpful to simulate the execution process and capture defects of a system in advance.Meanwhile,the capability of a system becomes so important that stakeholders tend to emphasize their capability requirements when developing a system.To deal with the lack of official specifications and the fundamental theory basis for capability requirement,we propose a cooperative capability requirements(CCR)meta-model as a theory basis for researchers to refer to in this research domain,in which we provide detailed definition of the CCR concepts,associations and rules.Moreover,we also propose an executable framework,which may enable modelers to simulate the execution process of a system in advance and do well in filling the inconsistency and semantic gaps between stakeholders’requirements and their models.The primary working mechanism of the framework is to transform the Alf activity meta-model into the communicating sequential process(CSP)process meta-model based on some mapping rules,after which the internal communication mechanism between process nodes is designed to smooth the execution of behaviors in a CSP system.Moreover,a validation method is utilized to check the correctness and consistency of the models,and a self-fixing mechanism is used to fix the errors and warnings captured during the validation process automatically.Finally,a validation report is generated and fed back to the modelers for system optimization.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U14352186140340161273189)
文摘In the field of weapon system of systems (WSOS) simulation, various indicators are widely used to describe the capability of WSOS, but it is always difficult to describe the comprehensive capability of WSOS quickly and intuitively by visualization of multi-dimensional indicators. A method of machine learning and visualization is proposed, which can display and analyze the capabilities of different WSOS in a two-dimensional plane. The analysis and comparison of the comprehensive capability of different components of WSOS is realized by the method, which consists of six parts: multiple simulations, key indicators mining, three spatial distance calculation, fusion project calculation, calculation of individual capability density, and calculation of multiple capability ranges overlay. Binding a simulation experiment, the collaborative analysis of six indicators and 100 possible kinds of red WSOS are achieved. The experimental results show that this method can effectively improve the quality and speed of capabilities analysis, reveal a large number of potential information, and provide a visual support for the qualitative and quantitative analysis model.
基金the Scientific and Technological Project of SGCC Headquarters entitled“Smart Distribution Network and Ubiquitous Power Internet of Things Integrated Development Collaborative Planning Technology Research”(5400-201956447A-0-0-00).
文摘The penetration rate of distributed generation is gradually increasing in the distribution system concerned.This is creating new problems and challenges in the planning and operation of the system.The intermittency and variability of power outputs from numerous distributed renewable generators could significantly jeopardize the secure operation of the distribution system.Therefore,it is necessary to assess the hosting capability for intermittent distributed generation by a distribution system considering operational constraints.This is the subject of this study.An assessment model considering the uncertainty of generation outputs from distributed generators is presented for this purpose.It involves different types of regulation or control functions using on-load tap-changers(OLTCs),reactive power compensation devices,energy storage systems,and the reactive power support of the distributed generators employed.A robust optimization model is then attained It is solved by Bertsimas robust counterpart through GUROBI solver.Finally,the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed method are demonstrated by a modified IEEE 33-bus distribution system.In addition,the effects of the aforementioned regulation or control functions on the enhancement of the hosting capability for intermittent distributed generation are examined.
文摘The projected 300% growth rate in the population of Enugu area and its environs by the year 2020 and the expected increase in waste generation necessitated the need to map out areas for waste disposal for future utilization and as a protective strategy for the environment in Enugu area. Land capability index mapping using Geographic Information System (GIS) is one of the appropriate tools required for solving this problem. A total of 12 landuse determinants were selected as thematic data layers, and as basic factors influencing the choice of waste disposal landuse option in the area. The themes (thematic maps) generated from field/laboratory measurements and from literature, include slope, water table, surface and subsurface water conditions, elevation, geology, soil, drainage and geo-structural stability (fault, erosion, landslide and flooding) maps. The maps were scanned, digitized, georeferenced, and polygonized using autocard drawing capabilities to convert them into vector format and later exported to arc view software for analysis. The final processing using overlay model builder yields layers that display areas of preferred waste disposal sites in a map form, which generally shows areas of varying suitability (suitable, moderately (low) suitable and unsuitable). The waste disposal map of Enugu area shows that blocks1 (Obeagu area) and 3 (Ebe/Nsude areas) represent suitable and unsuitable areas, respectively, while block 2 (Ngwo area) has low suitability for waste disposal.
文摘State-owned enterprises are important pillars of socialism with Chinese characteristics,and the modernization of their governance system and governance capacity is an important part of the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity.Through case study and specific practice,this paper carries out an in-depth thinking and serious analysis on how to promote the modernization of the governance system and governance capacity of state-owned enterprises under the new situation and requirements.This paper puts forward three kinds of management and control mechanism to enhance core competence in addition to the specific implementation path by using digital governance means.
文摘Infrastructure development in Nigeria has attracted the attention of researchers in view of the attitudes of contractors and government lead-lag role playing. These attitudes led to the enactment of Fiscal Responsibility Act 2007 and Public Procurement Act 2007 to reduce internal control system deficiencies and budget indiscipline in the Nigerian public sector fiscal matters and procurement process. Ironically, despite these efforts, infrastructure development is still a problem affecting the lives of Nigerians as their poverty level is on the increase. This paper tests the effects of internal control system deficiency on contractors＇ capability in infrastructure development in the Nigerian public sector. Data drawn from a sample of 228 infrastructures were used for analysis. Two research questions on contractors＇ fiduciary obligation to government and capacity were analysed. Kendall＇s Tau-br correlation of coefficient and Chi-square X^2 statistics were employed for data analysis. Findings show that deficient internal control system strongly and directly breeds deficiency in the contractors＇ capability for infrastructure development. The paper recommends that oath of bribery should complement oath of secrecy to ensure that contractors and government agencies that are responsible for execution of infrastructure play to the rules of the ＂games＂, especially the provisions of Public Procurement Act 2007 and Fiscal Responsibility Act 2007. Public-private-partnership-initiative, such as build-operate and transfer method of contracting, should be encouraged to improve on contractors＇ capability and stewardship.
文摘In this paper, we consider a cost-based extension of intrusion detection capability (CID). An objective metric motivated by information theory is presented and based on this formulation;a package for computing the intrusion detection capability of intrusion detection system (IDS), given certain input parameters is developed using Java. In order to determine the expected cost at each IDS operating point, the decision tree method of analysis is employed, and plots of expected cost and intrusion detection capability against false positive rate were generated. The point of intersection between the maximum intrusion detection capability and the expected cost is selected as the optimal operating point. Considering an IDS in the context of its intrinsic ability to detect intrusions at the least expected cost, findings revealed that the optimal operating point is the most suitable for the given IDS. The cost-based extension is used to select optimal operating point, calculate expected cost, and compare two actual intrusion detectors. The proposed cost-based extension of intrusion detection capability will be very useful to information technology (IT), telecommunication firms, and financial institutions, for making proper decisions in evaluating the suitability of an IDS for a specific operational environment.
文摘The application of some MVS operations (each dimension of which corresponds to a capability indicator) in system capability analysis and design, including capability indicator requirement analysis, effectiveness analysis, sensibility analysis, fuzzy analysis, stability analysis, capability optimization design, etc., is discussed in the second paper of this series of papers. And some MVS-based models and algorithms for capability analysis and design are put forward. Finally, an example of capability analysis and optimization design is given for explaining the usages of related models and algorithms.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62103052 and No.52175214)。
文摘This paper presents the design of an asymmetrically variable wingtip anhedral angles morphing aircraft,inspired by biomimetic mechanisms,to enhance lateral maneuver capability.Firstly,we establish a lateral dynamic model considering additional forces and moments resulting during the morphing process,and convert it into a Multiple Input Multiple Output(MIMO)virtual control system by importing virtual inputs.Secondly,a classical dynamics inversion controller is designed for the outer-loop system.A new Global Fast Terminal Incremental Sliding Mode Controller(NDO-GFTISMC)is proposed for the inner-loop system,in which an adaptive law is implemented to weaken control surface chattering,and a Nonlinear Disturbance Observer(NDO)is integrated to compensate for unknown disturbances.The whole control system is proven semiglobally uniformly ultimately bounded based on the multi-Lyapunov function method.Furthermore,we consider tracking errors and self-characteristics of actuators,a quadratic programmingbased dynamic control allocation law is designed,which allocates virtual control inputs to the asymmetrically deformed wingtip and rudder.Actuator dynamic models are incorporated to ensure physical realizability of designed allocation law.Finally,comparative experimental results validate the effectiveness of the designed control system and control allocation law.The NDO-GFTISMC features faster convergence,stronger robustness,and 81.25%and 75.0%reduction in maximum state tracking error under uncertainty compared to the Incremental Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion Controller based on NDO(NDO-INDI)and Incremental Sliding Mode Controller based on NDO(NDO-ISMC),respectively.The design of the morphing aircraft significantly enhances lateral maneuver capability,maintaining a substantial control margin during lateral maneuvering,reducing the burden of the rudder surface,and effectively solving the actuator saturation problem of traditional aircraft during lateral maneuvering.
文摘Capability Accreditation Program(CAP) of Ethics Review System for Chinese Medicine Research of World Federation of Chinese Medicine Societies(WFCMS) is the first certification project in the field of Chinese medicine research on ethics review. Based on the Requirements for Ethical Review of Biomedical Research Involving Human, ethical review system for Chinese medicine research was established and standardized from 4 aspects, such as organization, ethics committee, office of the ethics committee, and researchers. The period of CAP certification is three years, which include certification application and acceptance, initial certification(document review, on-site audit), certification decision, and supervision audit. The implementation of the CAP certification is of great importance for upgrading the research on ethics review system of Chinese medicine, which promotes the development of the research on ethics review system in China and the continuous improvement of the ability of the Chinese medicine research on ethics review.
文摘This paper introduces an analysis method for capability reliability of a thermal system. In the method, the requirement of its capability is taken as a failure criterion. Following the process of obtaining the capability and using Monte Carlo random simulation, the system reliability is analyzed, with thermal calculating. With the help of an example, a system composed of two units and under random boundary condition, the paper shows how to analyze the capability reliability.
基金Mid-term Results of the 2024 Langfang Normal University Special Teaching Reform Project on Innovation and Entrepreneurship Education Reform,“Research on the Evaluation System of Innovation and Entrepreneurship Ability for Normal University Students Based on Big Data Application-A Case Study of Langfang Normal University”(Project No.:CXJG2024-06)。
文摘Under the National Innovation-Driven Development Strategy,establishing a scientifically sound evaluation system for normal university students’innovation and entrepreneurship capabilities serves as a crucial foundation for optimizing innovation education models and enhancing teacher candidates’comprehensive competencies.Based on existing indicator frameworks,we designed a questionnaire and applied exploratory factor analysis(EFA)to screen indicators,reduce dimensionality,and analyze weighting.This process identified key metrics for evaluating pedagogical students’innovation capacities,ultimately constructing a targeted assessment system for normal university students.The study provides theoretical support for cultivating teacher trainees’innovative capabilities while contributing to the national innovation strategy implementation.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42271230,42330510)。
文摘The relationship between the neighborhood environment and well-being is attracting increasingly attention from researchers and policymakers,as the goal of development has shift from economy to well-being.However,existing literature predominantly adopts the utilitarian approach,understanding well-being as people’s feelings about their lives and viewing the neighborhood environment as resources that benefit well-being.The Capability Approach,a novel approach that conceptualize well-being as the freedoms to do or to be and regard environment as conversion factors that influence well-being,can offer new lens by incorporating human development in-to these topics.This paper proposes an alternative theoretical framework:well-being is conceptualized and measured by capability;neighborhood environment affects well-being by providing spatial services,functioning as environmental conversion factors,and serving as social conversion factors.We conducted a case study of Changshu City located in eastern China,utilizing multiple resource data,applying explainable artificial intelligence(XAI),namely eXtreme Gradient Boosting(XGBoost)and SHapley Additive exPlana-tions(SHAP).Our findings highlight the significance of viewing the neighborhood environment as a set of conversion factors,as it provides more explanatory power than providing spatial services.Compared to conventional research based on linear relationship as-sumption,our results demonstrate that the effects of neighborhood environment on well-being are non-linear,characterized by threshold effects and interaction effects.These insights are crucial for informing urban planning and public policy.This research enriches our un-derstanding of well-being,neighborhood environment,and their relationship as well as provides empirical evidence for the core concept of conversion factors in the capability approach.
