Background:The development of gastric cancer(GC)encompasses precancerous conditions like chronic atrophic gastritis(CAG)and premalignant lesions of gastric cancer(PLGC).In these situations,abnormal Notch signaling res...Background:The development of gastric cancer(GC)encompasses precancerous conditions like chronic atrophic gastritis(CAG)and premalignant lesions of gastric cancer(PLGC).In these situations,abnormal Notch signaling results in mucosal impairment and the initiation of cancer.Banxia Xiexin Decoction(BXD),a well-known formula in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),shows promise in treating gastric disorders,but its mechanisms in gastric restoration remain unclear.Methods:Using MNNG-induced CAG and PLGC rat models,BXD was administered for 12 weeks.Gastric mucosal pathology was assessed via hematoxylin-eosin staining.Proliferation(Ki-67)and angiogenesis(VEGFA)markers were evaluated by immunohistochemistry.Network pharmacology identified BXD’s targets and pathways.Notch pathway components(Notch1,Jagged1,Dll4,Hes1)were analyzed via qPCR,Western blot,and immunohistochemistry.Results:BXD significantly ameliorated mucosal atrophy,glandular structural disorder,and dysplasia in CAG and PLGC rats.Network pharmacology revealed 323 overlapping targets between BXD and PLGC,with Notch signaling as a central pathway.BXD downregulated Notch1,Jagged1,Dll4,and Hes1 expression at transcriptional and protein levels,suppressed Ki-67(proliferation)and VEGFA(angiogenesis)overexpression,and restored gastric mucosal integrity.Conclusion:BXD inhibits Notch signaling,reduces aberrant proliferation and angiogenesis,and interrupts Correa’s gastric carcinogenesis cascade.This study provides mechanistic evidence supporting BXD as a TCM-based intervention for gastric precancerous lesions.展开更多
BACKGROUND Precancerous lesions of gastric cancer(PLGC)represent a critical pathological stage in the development of intestinal gastric cancer.Early detection and diagnosis are key to reducing the incidence of gastric...BACKGROUND Precancerous lesions of gastric cancer(PLGC)represent a critical pathological stage in the development of intestinal gastric cancer.Early detection and diagnosis are key to reducing the incidence of gastric cancer.Substantial advancements have been made in PLGC research in recent years,making it necessary to provide updated reviews using bibliometric methods.We hypothesize that this review will identify emerging trends,key research areas,and gaps in PLGC research,providing insights that could guide future studies and enhance prevention strategies.AIM To comprehensively review the current state of research on PLGC,examining development trends and research hotspots.METHODS We conducted a bibliometric analysis of PLGC-related studies published between 2004 and 2023 using the Web of Science Core Collection database.We employed Software,including VOSviewer,CiteSpace,R software,and SCImago Graphica,to map scientific networks and visualize knowledge trends in terms of publication volume,countries/regions,institutions,journals,authors,and keywords.RESULTS A total of 4097 articles were included,and overall publication volume showed an increasing trend.Over the past two decades,China published the most articles,followed by the United States,Japan,South Korea,and Italy.Among the top 10 contributors,the United States ranked highest in institutions,authors,and citations and demonstrated the strongest international collaboration.Research keywords in this field were clustered into three main categories:Risk factors,pathogenesis,and diagnosis and treatment.Pathogenesis and molecular biomarkers remain key areas of focus.Future research should explore the mechanisms of gut microbiota,immune microenvironment,metabolic reprogramming,and epigenetics.Advanced technologies,including single-cell sequencing,spatially resolved analysis,multi-omics approaches,artificial intelligence,and machine learning,will likely accelerate in-depth investigations of PLGC.CONCLUSION PLGC research has rapidly developed in recent years,gaining considerable attention.This bibliometric analysis reveals research state and emerging trends over the past 20 years,providing insights for future studies.展开更多
BACKGROUND Detecting gastric precancerous lesions(GPLs)is critical for the early diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer.Endoscopy combined with tissue examination is an important method for detecting GPLs.However,n...BACKGROUND Detecting gastric precancerous lesions(GPLs)is critical for the early diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer.Endoscopy combined with tissue examination is an important method for detecting GPLs.However,negative biopsy results often increase patients’risks,economic burdens,and lead to additional healthcare costs.Improving the detection rate of GPLs and reducing the rate of negative biopsies is currently a key focus in endoscopic quality control.AIM To explore the relationships between the endoscopist biopsy rate(EBR),qualifications of endoscopists and endoscopic assistants,and detection rate of GPLs.METHODS EBR,endoscopists,and endoscopic assistants were divided into four groups:Low,moderate,high,and very high levels.Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the relationships between EBR and the qualifications of endoscopists with respect to the detection rate of positive lesions.Pearson and Spearman correlation analyses were used to evaluate the correlation between EBR,endoscopist or endoscopic assistant qualifications,and the detection rate of positive lesions.RESULTS Compared with those in the low EBR group,the odds ratio(OR)values for detecting positive lesions in the moderate,high,and very high EBR groups were 1.12[95%confidence interval(CI):1.06-1.19,P<0.001],1.22(95%CI:1.14-1.31,P<0.001),and 1.38(95%CI:1.29-1.47,P<0.001),respectively.EBR was positively correlated with the detection rate of gastric precancerous conditions(atrophic gastritis/intestinal metaplasia)(ρ=0.465,P=0.004).In contrast,the qualifications of the endoscopists were positively correlated with GPLs detection(ρ=0.448,P=0.005).Compared to endoscopists with low qualification levels,those with moderate,high,and very high qualification levels endoscopists demonstrated increased detection rates of GPLs by 13%(OR=1.13,95%CI:0.98-1.31),20%(OR=1.20,95%CI:1.03-1.39),and 32%(OR=1.32,95%CI:1.15-1.52),respectively.Further analysis revealed that the qualifications of endoscopists were positively correlated with the detection rates of GPLs in the cardia(ρ=0.350,P=0.034),angularis(ρ=0.396,P=0.015)and gastric body(ρ=0.453,P=0.005)but not in the antrum(ρ=0.292,P=0.079).Moreover,the experience of endoscopic assistants was positively correlated with the detection rate of precancerous lesions by endoscopists with low or moderate qualifications(ρ=0.427,P=0.015).CONCLUSION Endoscopists and endoscopic assistants with high/very high qualifications,but not EBR,can improve the detection rate of GPLs.These results provide reliable evidence for the development of gastroscopic quality control indicators.展开更多
The problem of gastric cancer(GC)prevention remains relevant for a long time.Various methods of population serological screening of atrophic gastritis and precancerous changes in the gastric mucosa have been created a...The problem of gastric cancer(GC)prevention remains relevant for a long time.Various methods of population serological screening of atrophic gastritis and precancerous changes in the gastric mucosa have been created at present.Modern endoscopic and morphological methods of verification of the diagnosis of precancerous diseases and changes in the gastric mucosa have been introduced into the practice of gastroenterologists and oncologists.GC risk stratification systems allow the formation of risk groups that require population screening.Practical hints for population serological screening of atrophic gastritis,endoscopic and morphological verification of precancerous changes and diseases of the stomach recommend using it:When developing state programs for the prevention of stomach cancer;when implementing preventive measures for stomach cancer by doctors of all specialties;the authors also offer the possibility of use by anyone over the age of 40,provided that they seek methodological help from their doctor;in the work of health schools in any medical and preventive institutions.The use of an assessment system of certain risk factor signatures with prognostic value would add significant assistance to preventive measures against GC.展开更多
BACKGROUND Early gastric cancer(EGC)or precancerous lesions(PCLs)are generally small tumors and carry a diminished chance of nodal infiltration.Thus far,very few studies have examined how endoscopic submucosal dissect...BACKGROUND Early gastric cancer(EGC)or precancerous lesions(PCLs)are generally small tumors and carry a diminished chance of nodal infiltration.Thus far,very few studies have examined how endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD)affects postoperative recovery and complications in such patients.AIM To evaluate the influence of ESD on postoperative recovery and complications in patients with EGC or PCL.METHODS The study population included patients with EGC and PCL admitted to The First People’s Hospital of Fuyang District between December 2022 and December 2024,who were divided into the research(n=65)and control(n=55)groups if they underwent ESD and laparoscopic radical gastrectomy,respectively.Therapeutic outcomes(en bloc and curative resection rates),surgical parameters(incision length,intraoperative bleeding,and operative duration),postoperative recovery indices(time to first ambulation/flatus/first oral intake,and hospital stay duration),complications(infection,outflow obstruction,bleeding,and perforation),and tumor markers[carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA)and carbohydrate antigen(CA)125/19-9]were comparatively evaluated.RESULTS Compared with the control group,the research group achieved a significantly higher en bloc resection rate but a notably lower curative resection rate.Additionally,the research group demonstrated shorter incision lengths,reduced intraoperative bleeding,and shorter operative duration.Regarding postoperative recovery,the research group demonstrated earlier ambulation,faster bowel function restoration,quicker oral intake resumption,and shorter hospital stays.Furthermore,an evidently lower overall complication rate was recorded in the research group,as well as markedly reduced postoperative CEA,CA125,and CA19-9 concentrations.CONCLUSION When performed for EGC and PCLs,ESD demonstrates advantages such as higher en bloc resection(although lower curative resection rates),surgical trauma minimization,shortened operative duration,and faster recovery.Moreover,it is effective in reducing serum tumor marker levels while maintaining favorable safety.展开更多
Gastric precancerous lesions(GPL)represent a crucial stage in the complex process of gastric carcinogenesis that leads to gastric cancer(GC),one of the most prevalent cancers and a major source of cancer mortality wor...Gastric precancerous lesions(GPL)represent a crucial stage in the complex process of gastric carcinogenesis that leads to gastric cancer(GC),one of the most prevalent cancers and a major source of cancer mortality worldwide.Many studies have identified the gastrointestinal microbiota,or gut microbiota,as an important contributor to both the pathogenesis and treatment of GPL and GC,thus understanding its role in this transition is crucial.The purpose of this literature review is to introduce the current landscape of microbiota research associated with GPL and GC,with an emphasis on Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)driven microbial dysbiosis and its modulation through Western medicine and traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)approaches.By elucidating the underlying mechanisms of H.pylori colonization,patterns,and interactions among microbiota,as well as the influence of microbial metabolites,this review highlights crucial driving factors of gastric carcinogenesis.The role of microbiota in conventional interventions,including H.pylori eradication,immunotherapy,as well as TCM herbal decoctions,is also discussed to provide a detailed understanding of the complex interactions between therapy and microbiota and how it could be potentially targeted for effective management of GPL and GC.Ultimately,microbiota-targeting therapeutics may represent a new path toward early detection,targeted treatment,improved prognosis,and potentially reduced incidence of GPL and GC.展开更多
Precancerous lesions of gastric cancer(PLGC)are crucial for the progression to gastric cancer,and early intervention in PLGC is pivotal in preventing its development into gastric cancer.In order to illustrate the mole...Precancerous lesions of gastric cancer(PLGC)are crucial for the progression to gastric cancer,and early intervention in PLGC is pivotal in preventing its development into gastric cancer.In order to illustrate the molecular mechanisms underlying PLGC and the roles of associated genes within these lesions,genetically engineered mouse models(GEMMs)have been developed.We systematically summarize the current GEMMs,and highlight the principal pathological mechanisms involved,including gastrin/gastric acid balance,inflammatory factors,the interplay between cancer-promoting and cancer-suppressing genes,and apoptotic pathways.We further discuss the mechanisms involved in the existing GEMMs of PLGC.展开更多
BACKGROUND As a minimally invasive technique,endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD)is widely used in treating early colorectal cancer(ECRC)and precancerous lesions(PCLs).However,a common postoperative complication-dela...BACKGROUND As a minimally invasive technique,endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD)is widely used in treating early colorectal cancer(ECRC)and precancerous lesions(PCLs).However,a common postoperative complication-delayed postoperative bleeding(DPOB)-can significantly hinder patient recovery.AIM To build and validate a predictive model for assessing post-ESD DPOB risk in ECRC and PCL patients,utilizing logistic regression methodology.METHODS A retrospective review was conducted on ECRC/PCL 302 patients who received ESD at our hospital between July 2021 and July 2024.The cohort was stratified based on the incidence of DPOB following ESD,forming DPOB and non-DPOB groups.Through allocation,they were further allocated into model and validation cohorts.Clinical variables from both cohorts were collated and subjected to univariate analysis to determine potential factors associated with post-ESD DPOB.Subsequently,we constructed a predictive model for DPOB risk employing logistic regression analysis.Model performance assessment used receiver operating characteristic curves in both the training and validation cohorts,with internal validation accomplished via 10-fold cross-validation.RESULTS The occurrence rate of DPOB was 9.93%.Univariate analysis revealed that the number of lesions,lesion size,lesion location,degree of submucosal fibrosis,and intraoperative bleeding were significantly associated with DPOB.Binary logistic regression analysis identified the number of lesions,lesion size,lesion location,and degree of submucosal fibrosis as independent DPOB determinants.A nomogram that was developed to quantify the DPOB risk exhibited that an increment in the total score corresponded to an increased risk.The model achieved area under the curve values of 0.831 and 0.821 in the model and validation groups,respectively,with P values of 0.853 and 0.203 in the Hosmer-Lemeshow test.The model demonstrated robust discriminative performance,with an average area under the curve of 0.795(95%confidence interval:0.702-0.887)in 10-fold cross-validation.CONCLUSION Collectively,the presence of multiple lesions,lesion size of≥3 cm,lesion localization in the rectum,and severe fibrosis are significant independent predictors of DPOB in patients undergoing surgery for ECRC or PCLs.The proposed risk prediction model,which integrates these factors,demonstrates excellent predictive accuracy and clinical utility,thereby providing a valuable tool for risk stratification and postoperative management in this patient population.展开更多
Serological screening,endoscopic imaging,morphological visual verification of precancerous gastric diseases and changes in the gastric mucosa are the main stages of early detection,accurate diagnosis and preventive tr...Serological screening,endoscopic imaging,morphological visual verification of precancerous gastric diseases and changes in the gastric mucosa are the main stages of early detection,accurate diagnosis and preventive treatment of gastric precancer.Laboratory-serological,endoscopic and histological diagnostics are carried out by medical laboratory technicians,endoscopists,and histologists.Human factors have a very large share of subjectivity.Endoscopists and histologists are guided by the descriptive principle when formulating imaging conclusions.Diagnostic reports from doctors often result in contradictory and mutually exclusive conclusions.Erroneous results of diagnosticians and clinicians have fatal consequences,such as late diagnosis of gastric cancer and high mortality of patients.Effective population serological screening is only possible with the use of machine processing of laboratory test results.Currently,it is possible to replace subjective imprecise description of endoscopic and histological images by a diagnostician with objective,highly sensitive and highly specific visual recognition using convolutional neural networks with deep machine learning.There are many machine learning models to use.All machine learning models have predictive capabilities.Based on predictive models,it is necessary to identify the risk levels of gastric cancer in patients with a very high probability.展开更多
In order to solve the challenge of breast cancer region segmentation,we improved the U-Net.The convolutional block attention module with prioritized attention(CBAM-PA)and dilated transformer(Dformer)modules were desig...In order to solve the challenge of breast cancer region segmentation,we improved the U-Net.The convolutional block attention module with prioritized attention(CBAM-PA)and dilated transformer(Dformer)modules were designed to replace the convolutional layers at the encoding side in the base U-Net,the input logic of the U-Net was improved by dynamically adjusting the input size of each layer,and the short connections in the U-Net were replaced with crosslayer connections to enhance the image restoration capability at the decoding side.On the breast ultrasound images(BUSI)dataset,we obtain a Dice coefficient of 0.8031 and an intersection-over-union(IoU)value of 0.7362.The experimental results show that the proposed enhancement method effectively improves the accuracy and quality of breast cancer lesion region segmentation.展开更多
Cervical cancer is a major health threat to women worldwide.Since most cases are diagnosed at advanced stages,treatment outcomes are significantly less effective compared to those detected through early screening and ...Cervical cancer is a major health threat to women worldwide.Since most cases are diagnosed at advanced stages,treatment outcomes are significantly less effective compared to those detected through early screening and intervention.Therefore,the development of efficient noninvasive early screening techniques is crucial.This study proposes a cervical lesion classification method based on near-infrared spectroscopy(NIR).First,the feasibility of using NIR for screening cervical precancerous lesions was verified by simulating the optical properties of normal and cancerous cervical tissues.In addition,a noninvasive,portable NIR real-time acquisition system for cervical tissue was independently developed.Moreover,NIR spectral data from cervical tissues were collected from 248 participants,and the samples were categorized into four groups according to biopsy results,namely,healthy,CIN1,CIN2,and CIN3.A Transformer-based classification network was used to train and classify data.In the classification of diseased samples,the prediction accuracy for CIN1 was the highest(99.32%),followed by CIN2(93.33%)and CIN3(94.48%).The classification model shows significant potential for screening cervical cancer and precancerous lesions,offering strong technical support for the large-scale implementation of cervical cancer screening programs.展开更多
Vitex negundo(V.negundo),an Indian herb with a rich historical background for the handling of various complaints,is a member of the Verbenaceae family and is characterized by small trees with pale gray bark.This herb ...Vitex negundo(V.negundo),an Indian herb with a rich historical background for the handling of various complaints,is a member of the Verbenaceae family and is characterized by small trees with pale gray bark.This herb is widely used and has been recognized in traditional medicine for its pharmacological effects on a wide range of diseases.All sections of the plant,but particularly the leaves,contain a variety of secondary metabolites,including alkaloids,phenols,flavonoids,glycoside iridoids,tannins,and terpenes.The system is included in a number of store-bought herbal preparations and has the potential to function as an efficient bio-committee.Cancer continues to be a major cause of death and morbidity in spite of the intervention.One of the leading causes of death is cancer,and current therapies can have unpleasant side effects.Unhindered reactions,resistance to traditional cancer medications,radiation therapy,chemotherapy,and restricted access to tumor tissue are some of the reasons why treatment frequently fails.To reduce side effects,increase chemotherapy sensitivity,and slow the spread of cancer,new approaches are required.Small food molecules have been suggested in numerous research as supplemental therapies for cancer patients.The effectiveness of the flavonoid-rich V.negundo extract in treating cancer was assessed mechanically in this investigation.Total flavonoids have been isolated for qualitative phytochemical investigation using V.negundo ethanolic extract.This article highlights significant developments in this field and explores how flavonoids contribute to the targeted suppression of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase-protein kinase B-mammalian target of rapamycin pathway in different cancer types.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the loss of heterozygosity (LOH) and mutation of tumor suppressor gene PTEN in gastric cancer and precancerous lesions. METHODS: Thirty cases of normal gastric mucosa, advanced and early stage gast...AIM: To investigate the loss of heterozygosity (LOH) and mutation of tumor suppressor gene PTEN in gastric cancer and precancerous lesions. METHODS: Thirty cases of normal gastric mucosa, advanced and early stage gastric cancer, intestinal metaplasia, atrophic gastritis, and atypical hyperplasia were analyzed for PTEN LOH and mutations within the entire coding region of PTEN gene by PCR-SSCP denaturing PAGE gel electrophoresis, and PTEN mutation was detected by PCR-SSCP sequencing followed by silver staining. RESULTS: LOH rate found in respectively atrophic gastritis was 10% (3/30), intestinal metaplasia 10% (3/30), atypical hyperplasia 13.3% (4/30), early stage gastric cancer 20% (6/30), and advanced stage gastric cancer 33.3% (9/30), None of the precancerous lesions and early stage gastric cancer showed PTEN mutations, but 10% (3/30) of the advanced stage gastric cancers, which were all positive for LOH, showed PTEN mutation. CONCLUSION: LOH of PTEN gene appears in precancerous lesions, and PTEN mutations are restricted to advanced gastric cancer, LOH and mutation of PTEN gene are closely related to the infiltration and metastasis of gastric cancer.展开更多
AIM:To investigate expression of stem cell marker Musashi-1(Msi-1)in relationship to tumorigenesis and progression of intestinal-type gastric cancer(GC).METHODS:Endoscopic biopsy specimens and surgical specimens were ...AIM:To investigate expression of stem cell marker Musashi-1(Msi-1)in relationship to tumorigenesis and progression of intestinal-type gastric cancer(GC).METHODS:Endoscopic biopsy specimens and surgical specimens were obtained,including 54 cases of intestinal-type GC,41 high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia,57low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia,31 intestinal metaplasia,and 36 normal gastric mucosa.Specimens were fixed in 10%paraformaldehyde,conventionally dehydrated,embedded in paraffin,and sliced in 4-μm-thick serial sections.Two-step immunohistochemical staining was used to detect Msi-1 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA)expression.Correlation analysis was conducted between Msi-1 and PCNA expression.The relationship between Msi-1 expression and clinicopathological parameters of GC was analyzed statistically.RESULTS:There were significant differences in Msi-1and PCNA expression in different pathological tissues(χ2=15.37,P<0.01;χ2=115.36,P<0.01).Msi-1and PCNA-positive cells were restricted to the isthmus of normal gastric glands.Expression levels of Msi-1and PCNA in intestinal metaplasia were significantly higher than in normal mucosa(U=392.0,P<0.05;U=40.50,P<0.01),whereas there was no significant difference compared to low or high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia.Msi-1 and PCNA expression in intestinaltype GC was higher than in high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia(U=798.0,P<0.05;U=688.0,P<0.01).There was a significantly positive correlation between Msi-1 and PCNA expression(rs=0.20,P<0.01).Msi-1expression in GC tissues was correlated with their lymph node metastasis and tumor node metastasis stage(χ2=12.62,P<0.01;χ2=11.24,P<0.05),but not with depth of invasion and the presence of distant metastasis.CONCLUSION:Msi-1-positive cells may play a key role in the early events of gastric carcinogenesis and may be involved in invasion and metastasis of GC.展开更多
BACKGROUND In recent years,the incidence of gastrointestinal(GI)cancer in China has increased annually.Early detection and appropriate therapy are considered to be the key to treat GI cancer.DNMT1 takes an active part...BACKGROUND In recent years,the incidence of gastrointestinal(GI)cancer in China has increased annually.Early detection and appropriate therapy are considered to be the key to treat GI cancer.DNMT1 takes an active part in the advancement of GI cancer,which will change as the disease progresses.But its expression characteristics in the dynamic variations of GI carcinogenesis are still unclear.AIM To investigate the expression characteristics of DNMT1 in different GI diseases.METHODS We detected the expression of DNMT1 in 650 cases of different GI diseases by immunohistochemistry,including 90 cases of chronic superficial gastritis(CSG),72 cases of atrophic gastritis with intestinal metaplasia(AG/GIM),54 cases of low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia(GLIN),66 cases of high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia(GHIN),71 cases of early gastric cancer(EGC),90 cases of normal intestinal mucosa(NIM),54 cases of intestinal low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia(ILIN),71 cases of intestinal high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia(IHIN),and 82 cases of early colorectal cancer(ECRC).RESULTS In the CSG group,all cases showed weakly positive or negative expression of DNMT1.However,in other four groups(AG/GIM,GLIN,GHIN,and EGC),the positive expression rate gradually increased with the severity of the diseases;the negative or weakly positive cases accounted for 55.56%(40/72),38.89%(21/54),1.52%(1/66),and 1.41%(1/71),respectively.Besides,the moderately positive cases were 44.44%(32/72),57.41%(31/54),80.30%(53/66),and 43.66%(31/71),respectively.The strongly positive cases only existed in the GLIN(3.70%,2/54),GHIN(18.18%,12/66),and EGC(54.93%,39/71)groups.The differences between any two groups were statistically significant(P<0.05).Similarly,in the NIM group,cases with weakly positive expression of DNMT1 were predominant(91.11%,82/90),and the rest were moderately positive cases(8.89%,8/90).In the ILIN,IHIN,and ECRC groups,the rates of cases with weak or negative expression of DNMT1 were 46.30%(25/54),12.68%(9/71),and 4.88%(4/82),respectively;with moderately positive expression were 53.70%(29/54),71.83%(51/71),and 34.15%(28/82),respectively;and with strongly positive expression were 0.00%(0/54),15.49%(11/71),and 60.98%(50/82),respectively.The differences between any two groups were also statistically significant(P<0.05).CONCLUSION The overexpression of DNMT1 protein could effectively predict early GI cancers and severe precancerous lesions,which may have potential clinical application value.展开更多
AIM:To explore the relationship between Cripto-1 (CR-1) and tyrosine phosphorylation STAT3 (p-STAT3) expressions in gastric cancer (GC) and gastric carcinogensis and metastasis.METHODS: The PV9000 immunohistochemical ...AIM:To explore the relationship between Cripto-1 (CR-1) and tyrosine phosphorylation STAT3 (p-STAT3) expressions in gastric cancer (GC) and gastric carcinogensis and metastasis.METHODS: The PV9000 immunohistochemical method was used to detect the expression of CR-1 and p-STAT3 in 178 cases of GC, 95 matched normal gastric mucosa, 40 chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG), 48 intestinal meta-plasia (IM) and 25 dysplasia (DYS). RESULTS: The positive rates of CR-1 and p-STAT3 expression were significantly higher in CAG (65.0% and 60.0%), in IM (83.3% and 77.1%), DYS (80.0% and 68%) and GC (71.3% and 60.1%) than in normal gastric mucosa (43.2% and 41.1%, P < 0.05), respectively. The expressions of CR-1 and p-STAT3 (78.3% and 66.7%) were signifi cantly higher in GC with lymphnode metastasis than in those without metastasis (53.1% and 42.9%, P < 0.05). CR-1 expression was also related to histological and Lauren's types of GC (P < 0.001). Furthermore, there was positive relation-ship between CR-1 and p-STAT3 expressions in GC (rk = 0.189, P = 0.002).CONCLUSION: The up-regulation of CR-1 and p-STAT3 may play important roles in gastric carcinogenesis and lymph node metastasis. CR-1 and p-STAT3 expression in GC was positively correlated, and the relevant molecular mechanism requires further investigations.展开更多
Gastric cancer(GC)is a common gastrointestinal tumor.Gastric precancerous lesions(GPL)are the last pathological stage before normal gastric mucosa transforms into GC.However,preventing the transformation from GPL to G...Gastric cancer(GC)is a common gastrointestinal tumor.Gastric precancerous lesions(GPL)are the last pathological stage before normal gastric mucosa transforms into GC.However,preventing the transformation from GPL to GC remains a challenge.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has been used to treat gastric disease for millennia.A series of TCM formulas and active compounds have shown therapeutic effects in both GC and GPL.This article reviews recent progress on the herbal drugs and pharmacological mechanisms of TCM in preventing the transformation from GPL to GC,especially focusing on antiinflammatory,anti-angiogenesis,proliferation,and apoptosis.This review may provide a meaningful reference for the prevention of the transformation from GPL to GC using TCM.展开更多
The most common histological type of gastric cancer(GC)is gastric adenocarcinoma arising from the gastric epithelium.Less common variants include mesenchymal,lymphoproliferative and neuroendocrine neoplasms.The Lauren...The most common histological type of gastric cancer(GC)is gastric adenocarcinoma arising from the gastric epithelium.Less common variants include mesenchymal,lymphoproliferative and neuroendocrine neoplasms.The Lauren scheme classifies GC into intestinal type,diffuse type and mixed type.The WHO classification includes papillary,tubular,mucinous,poorly cohesive and mixed GC.Chronic atrophic gastritis(CAG)and intestinal metaplasia are recommended as common precancerous conditions.No definite precancerous condition of diffuse/poorly/undifferentiated type is recommended.Chronic superficial inflammation and hyperplasia of foveolar cells may be the focus.Presently,the management of early GC and precancerous conditions mainly relies on endoscopy including diagnosis,treatment and surveillance.Management of precancerous conditions promotes the early detection and treatment of early GC,and even prevent the occurrence of GC.In the review,precancerous conditions including CAG,metaplasia,foveolar hyperplasia and gastric hyperplastic polyps derived from the gastric epithelium have been concluded,based on the overview of gastric epithelial histological organization and its renewal.展开更多
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)infects about 50%of the world population and is the major cause of chronic gastritis,peptic ulcers,and gastric cancer.Chronic H.pylori infection induces gastric mucosal precance...BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)infects about 50%of the world population and is the major cause of chronic gastritis,peptic ulcers,and gastric cancer.Chronic H.pylori infection induces gastric mucosal precancerous lesions mostly in adulthood,and it is debatable whether these pathological conditions can occur in childhood and adolescents as well.Since this is a critical issue to determine if intervention should be offered for this population group,we investigated the gastric mucosal precancerous lesions in pediatric patients in an area in central China with a high prevalence of H.pylori and gastric cancer.AIM To investigate the relationship of H.pylori infection and gastric mucosal precancerous lesions in children and adolescents in central China.METHODS We screened 4258 ward-admitted children and adolescent patients with upper gastrointestinal symptoms,and finally enrolled 1015 pediatric patients with H.pylori infection and endoscopic and histological data.H.pylori infection status was determined by rapid urease test and histopathological examination.Both clinical and pathological data were collected and analyzed retrospectively.Occurrence of gastric mucosal precancerous lesions,inflammatory activity and degree of inflammatory cell infiltration between H.pylori-positive and-negative groups were compared.RESULTS Among the 1015 eligible children and adolescents,the overall H.pylori infection rate was 84.14%(854/1015).The infection rate increased with age.The incidence of gastric mucosal precancerous lesions in H.pylori-infected children was 4.33%(37/854),which included atrophic gastritis(17 cases),intestinal metaplasia(11 cases)and dysplasia(9 cases).In H.pylori-negative patients,only 1 atrophic gastritis case[0.62%,(1/161)]was found(P<0.05).Active inflammation in H.pyloriinfected patients was significantly higher than that in non-infected patients,and the H.pyloriinfected group showed more severe lymphocyte and neutrophil granulocyte infiltration(P<0.001).In addition,endoscopy revealed that the most common findings in H.pylori-positive patients were antral nodularity,but in H.pylori-negative patients only superficial gastritis was observed.CONCLUSION In children and adolescents,gastric mucosal precancerous lesions occurred in 4.33%of H.pyloriinfected patients in central China.These cases included atrophic gastritis,intestinal metaplasia,and dysplasia.The data revealed an obvious critical issue requiring future investigation and intervention for this population group.展开更多
Objective： In cancer prevention, the targeting of precancerous lesions has been recognized as the most promising method. However, little attention has been paid to the risk factors of precancerous gastric lesions, es...Objective： In cancer prevention, the targeting of precancerous lesions has been recognized as the most promising method. However, little attention has been paid to the risk factors of precancerous gastric lesions, especially in rural China where there is high prevalence of precancerous gastric lesions. We therefore conducted a cross-sectional study in Liaoning province, China, to investigate the potential risk and protective factors of these precancerous gastric lesions. Methods： A total of 1,179 subjects with high risk of gastric cancer from Zhuanghe County were included in this study. Standard questionnaires were used in collecting epidemiological factors and the data were then analyzed by the unconditional logistic regression model. Results： Smoking and drinking were the risk factors for the precancerous gastric lesions among rural subjects, and the association of smoking or drinking and the precancerous gastric lesions increased in strength with the daily consumption and duration. As the factors such as age, gender, smoking, alcohol were controlled, a multivariable analysis revealed that there was a significant correlation between the deep-fry food intake and the gastric epithelial dysplasia with the odds ratio （OR） of 1.78 [95% confidence interval （CI）： 1.01-3.12]. Garlic eating was shown to confer protection against the development of gastric ulcer （OR=0.55, 95% CI： 0.33-0.92）. Conclusion： Smoking and drinking were the risk factors for the precancerous gastric lesions among rural subjects. Deep-fry food intake might be one of the risk factors for the precancerous gastric lesions and garlic eating was shown to confer protection against the development of gastric ulcer among rural Chinese population.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.82274442)the Key Research Project in Traditional Chinese Medicine of Tianjin Municipal Health Commission(Grant No.202007)the Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Research Project of Tianjin Municipal Health Commission(Grant No.2023134).
文摘Background:The development of gastric cancer(GC)encompasses precancerous conditions like chronic atrophic gastritis(CAG)and premalignant lesions of gastric cancer(PLGC).In these situations,abnormal Notch signaling results in mucosal impairment and the initiation of cancer.Banxia Xiexin Decoction(BXD),a well-known formula in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),shows promise in treating gastric disorders,but its mechanisms in gastric restoration remain unclear.Methods:Using MNNG-induced CAG and PLGC rat models,BXD was administered for 12 weeks.Gastric mucosal pathology was assessed via hematoxylin-eosin staining.Proliferation(Ki-67)and angiogenesis(VEGFA)markers were evaluated by immunohistochemistry.Network pharmacology identified BXD’s targets and pathways.Notch pathway components(Notch1,Jagged1,Dll4,Hes1)were analyzed via qPCR,Western blot,and immunohistochemistry.Results:BXD significantly ameliorated mucosal atrophy,glandular structural disorder,and dysplasia in CAG and PLGC rats.Network pharmacology revealed 323 overlapping targets between BXD and PLGC,with Notch signaling as a central pathway.BXD downregulated Notch1,Jagged1,Dll4,and Hes1 expression at transcriptional and protein levels,suppressed Ki-67(proliferation)and VEGFA(angiogenesis)overexpression,and restored gastric mucosal integrity.Conclusion:BXD inhibits Notch signaling,reduces aberrant proliferation and angiogenesis,and interrupts Correa’s gastric carcinogenesis cascade.This study provides mechanistic evidence supporting BXD as a TCM-based intervention for gastric precancerous lesions.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82374292,82205095,and 82305179the Horizontal Development Foundation of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine,No.BUCM-2021-JS-KF-065the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Grant,No.2022M720520.
文摘BACKGROUND Precancerous lesions of gastric cancer(PLGC)represent a critical pathological stage in the development of intestinal gastric cancer.Early detection and diagnosis are key to reducing the incidence of gastric cancer.Substantial advancements have been made in PLGC research in recent years,making it necessary to provide updated reviews using bibliometric methods.We hypothesize that this review will identify emerging trends,key research areas,and gaps in PLGC research,providing insights that could guide future studies and enhance prevention strategies.AIM To comprehensively review the current state of research on PLGC,examining development trends and research hotspots.METHODS We conducted a bibliometric analysis of PLGC-related studies published between 2004 and 2023 using the Web of Science Core Collection database.We employed Software,including VOSviewer,CiteSpace,R software,and SCImago Graphica,to map scientific networks and visualize knowledge trends in terms of publication volume,countries/regions,institutions,journals,authors,and keywords.RESULTS A total of 4097 articles were included,and overall publication volume showed an increasing trend.Over the past two decades,China published the most articles,followed by the United States,Japan,South Korea,and Italy.Among the top 10 contributors,the United States ranked highest in institutions,authors,and citations and demonstrated the strongest international collaboration.Research keywords in this field were clustered into three main categories:Risk factors,pathogenesis,and diagnosis and treatment.Pathogenesis and molecular biomarkers remain key areas of focus.Future research should explore the mechanisms of gut microbiota,immune microenvironment,metabolic reprogramming,and epigenetics.Advanced technologies,including single-cell sequencing,spatially resolved analysis,multi-omics approaches,artificial intelligence,and machine learning,will likely accelerate in-depth investigations of PLGC.CONCLUSION PLGC research has rapidly developed in recent years,gaining considerable attention.This bibliometric analysis reveals research state and emerging trends over the past 20 years,providing insights for future studies.
基金Supported by Jiangsu Science and Technology Project,No.BK20211039the Top Talent Support Program for Young and Middle-Aged People of the Wuxi Health Committee,No.BJ2023008+3 种基金the Major Program of Wuxi Medical Center,Nanjing Medical University,No.WMCM202305the Cohort and Clinical Research Program of Wuxi Medical Center,Nanjing Medical University,No.WMCC202302the Scientific Research Program of Wuxi Health Commission,No.Z202208Wuxi Municipal Health and Health Commission Precision Medicine Project,No.J202104.
文摘BACKGROUND Detecting gastric precancerous lesions(GPLs)is critical for the early diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer.Endoscopy combined with tissue examination is an important method for detecting GPLs.However,negative biopsy results often increase patients’risks,economic burdens,and lead to additional healthcare costs.Improving the detection rate of GPLs and reducing the rate of negative biopsies is currently a key focus in endoscopic quality control.AIM To explore the relationships between the endoscopist biopsy rate(EBR),qualifications of endoscopists and endoscopic assistants,and detection rate of GPLs.METHODS EBR,endoscopists,and endoscopic assistants were divided into four groups:Low,moderate,high,and very high levels.Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the relationships between EBR and the qualifications of endoscopists with respect to the detection rate of positive lesions.Pearson and Spearman correlation analyses were used to evaluate the correlation between EBR,endoscopist or endoscopic assistant qualifications,and the detection rate of positive lesions.RESULTS Compared with those in the low EBR group,the odds ratio(OR)values for detecting positive lesions in the moderate,high,and very high EBR groups were 1.12[95%confidence interval(CI):1.06-1.19,P<0.001],1.22(95%CI:1.14-1.31,P<0.001),and 1.38(95%CI:1.29-1.47,P<0.001),respectively.EBR was positively correlated with the detection rate of gastric precancerous conditions(atrophic gastritis/intestinal metaplasia)(ρ=0.465,P=0.004).In contrast,the qualifications of the endoscopists were positively correlated with GPLs detection(ρ=0.448,P=0.005).Compared to endoscopists with low qualification levels,those with moderate,high,and very high qualification levels endoscopists demonstrated increased detection rates of GPLs by 13%(OR=1.13,95%CI:0.98-1.31),20%(OR=1.20,95%CI:1.03-1.39),and 32%(OR=1.32,95%CI:1.15-1.52),respectively.Further analysis revealed that the qualifications of endoscopists were positively correlated with the detection rates of GPLs in the cardia(ρ=0.350,P=0.034),angularis(ρ=0.396,P=0.015)and gastric body(ρ=0.453,P=0.005)but not in the antrum(ρ=0.292,P=0.079).Moreover,the experience of endoscopic assistants was positively correlated with the detection rate of precancerous lesions by endoscopists with low or moderate qualifications(ρ=0.427,P=0.015).CONCLUSION Endoscopists and endoscopic assistants with high/very high qualifications,but not EBR,can improve the detection rate of GPLs.These results provide reliable evidence for the development of gastroscopic quality control indicators.
文摘The problem of gastric cancer(GC)prevention remains relevant for a long time.Various methods of population serological screening of atrophic gastritis and precancerous changes in the gastric mucosa have been created at present.Modern endoscopic and morphological methods of verification of the diagnosis of precancerous diseases and changes in the gastric mucosa have been introduced into the practice of gastroenterologists and oncologists.GC risk stratification systems allow the formation of risk groups that require population screening.Practical hints for population serological screening of atrophic gastritis,endoscopic and morphological verification of precancerous changes and diseases of the stomach recommend using it:When developing state programs for the prevention of stomach cancer;when implementing preventive measures for stomach cancer by doctors of all specialties;the authors also offer the possibility of use by anyone over the age of 40,provided that they seek methodological help from their doctor;in the work of health schools in any medical and preventive institutions.The use of an assessment system of certain risk factor signatures with prognostic value would add significant assistance to preventive measures against GC.
文摘BACKGROUND Early gastric cancer(EGC)or precancerous lesions(PCLs)are generally small tumors and carry a diminished chance of nodal infiltration.Thus far,very few studies have examined how endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD)affects postoperative recovery and complications in such patients.AIM To evaluate the influence of ESD on postoperative recovery and complications in patients with EGC or PCL.METHODS The study population included patients with EGC and PCL admitted to The First People’s Hospital of Fuyang District between December 2022 and December 2024,who were divided into the research(n=65)and control(n=55)groups if they underwent ESD and laparoscopic radical gastrectomy,respectively.Therapeutic outcomes(en bloc and curative resection rates),surgical parameters(incision length,intraoperative bleeding,and operative duration),postoperative recovery indices(time to first ambulation/flatus/first oral intake,and hospital stay duration),complications(infection,outflow obstruction,bleeding,and perforation),and tumor markers[carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA)and carbohydrate antigen(CA)125/19-9]were comparatively evaluated.RESULTS Compared with the control group,the research group achieved a significantly higher en bloc resection rate but a notably lower curative resection rate.Additionally,the research group demonstrated shorter incision lengths,reduced intraoperative bleeding,and shorter operative duration.Regarding postoperative recovery,the research group demonstrated earlier ambulation,faster bowel function restoration,quicker oral intake resumption,and shorter hospital stays.Furthermore,an evidently lower overall complication rate was recorded in the research group,as well as markedly reduced postoperative CEA,CA125,and CA19-9 concentrations.CONCLUSION When performed for EGC and PCLs,ESD demonstrates advantages such as higher en bloc resection(although lower curative resection rates),surgical trauma minimization,shortened operative duration,and faster recovery.Moreover,it is effective in reducing serum tumor marker levels while maintaining favorable safety.
文摘Gastric precancerous lesions(GPL)represent a crucial stage in the complex process of gastric carcinogenesis that leads to gastric cancer(GC),one of the most prevalent cancers and a major source of cancer mortality worldwide.Many studies have identified the gastrointestinal microbiota,or gut microbiota,as an important contributor to both the pathogenesis and treatment of GPL and GC,thus understanding its role in this transition is crucial.The purpose of this literature review is to introduce the current landscape of microbiota research associated with GPL and GC,with an emphasis on Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)driven microbial dysbiosis and its modulation through Western medicine and traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)approaches.By elucidating the underlying mechanisms of H.pylori colonization,patterns,and interactions among microbiota,as well as the influence of microbial metabolites,this review highlights crucial driving factors of gastric carcinogenesis.The role of microbiota in conventional interventions,including H.pylori eradication,immunotherapy,as well as TCM herbal decoctions,is also discussed to provide a detailed understanding of the complex interactions between therapy and microbiota and how it could be potentially targeted for effective management of GPL and GC.Ultimately,microbiota-targeting therapeutics may represent a new path toward early detection,targeted treatment,improved prognosis,and potentially reduced incidence of GPL and GC.
基金Supported by the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine National Superior Specialty Project of Traditional Chinese Medicine,No.[2024]90Shanghai Municipal Administrator of Traditional Chinese Medicine Policy Letter[2024],No.20+1 种基金Science and Technology Development Fund of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,No.23KFL102Shuguang Hospital Siming Foundation Research Special Project,No.SGKJ-202304。
文摘Precancerous lesions of gastric cancer(PLGC)are crucial for the progression to gastric cancer,and early intervention in PLGC is pivotal in preventing its development into gastric cancer.In order to illustrate the molecular mechanisms underlying PLGC and the roles of associated genes within these lesions,genetically engineered mouse models(GEMMs)have been developed.We systematically summarize the current GEMMs,and highlight the principal pathological mechanisms involved,including gastrin/gastric acid balance,inflammatory factors,the interplay between cancer-promoting and cancer-suppressing genes,and apoptotic pathways.We further discuss the mechanisms involved in the existing GEMMs of PLGC.
文摘BACKGROUND As a minimally invasive technique,endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD)is widely used in treating early colorectal cancer(ECRC)and precancerous lesions(PCLs).However,a common postoperative complication-delayed postoperative bleeding(DPOB)-can significantly hinder patient recovery.AIM To build and validate a predictive model for assessing post-ESD DPOB risk in ECRC and PCL patients,utilizing logistic regression methodology.METHODS A retrospective review was conducted on ECRC/PCL 302 patients who received ESD at our hospital between July 2021 and July 2024.The cohort was stratified based on the incidence of DPOB following ESD,forming DPOB and non-DPOB groups.Through allocation,they were further allocated into model and validation cohorts.Clinical variables from both cohorts were collated and subjected to univariate analysis to determine potential factors associated with post-ESD DPOB.Subsequently,we constructed a predictive model for DPOB risk employing logistic regression analysis.Model performance assessment used receiver operating characteristic curves in both the training and validation cohorts,with internal validation accomplished via 10-fold cross-validation.RESULTS The occurrence rate of DPOB was 9.93%.Univariate analysis revealed that the number of lesions,lesion size,lesion location,degree of submucosal fibrosis,and intraoperative bleeding were significantly associated with DPOB.Binary logistic regression analysis identified the number of lesions,lesion size,lesion location,and degree of submucosal fibrosis as independent DPOB determinants.A nomogram that was developed to quantify the DPOB risk exhibited that an increment in the total score corresponded to an increased risk.The model achieved area under the curve values of 0.831 and 0.821 in the model and validation groups,respectively,with P values of 0.853 and 0.203 in the Hosmer-Lemeshow test.The model demonstrated robust discriminative performance,with an average area under the curve of 0.795(95%confidence interval:0.702-0.887)in 10-fold cross-validation.CONCLUSION Collectively,the presence of multiple lesions,lesion size of≥3 cm,lesion localization in the rectum,and severe fibrosis are significant independent predictors of DPOB in patients undergoing surgery for ECRC or PCLs.The proposed risk prediction model,which integrates these factors,demonstrates excellent predictive accuracy and clinical utility,thereby providing a valuable tool for risk stratification and postoperative management in this patient population.
文摘Serological screening,endoscopic imaging,morphological visual verification of precancerous gastric diseases and changes in the gastric mucosa are the main stages of early detection,accurate diagnosis and preventive treatment of gastric precancer.Laboratory-serological,endoscopic and histological diagnostics are carried out by medical laboratory technicians,endoscopists,and histologists.Human factors have a very large share of subjectivity.Endoscopists and histologists are guided by the descriptive principle when formulating imaging conclusions.Diagnostic reports from doctors often result in contradictory and mutually exclusive conclusions.Erroneous results of diagnosticians and clinicians have fatal consequences,such as late diagnosis of gastric cancer and high mortality of patients.Effective population serological screening is only possible with the use of machine processing of laboratory test results.Currently,it is possible to replace subjective imprecise description of endoscopic and histological images by a diagnostician with objective,highly sensitive and highly specific visual recognition using convolutional neural networks with deep machine learning.There are many machine learning models to use.All machine learning models have predictive capabilities.Based on predictive models,it is necessary to identify the risk levels of gastric cancer in patients with a very high probability.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61961037)the Industrial Support Plan of Education Department of Gansu Province(No.2021CYZC-30)。
文摘In order to solve the challenge of breast cancer region segmentation,we improved the U-Net.The convolutional block attention module with prioritized attention(CBAM-PA)and dilated transformer(Dformer)modules were designed to replace the convolutional layers at the encoding side in the base U-Net,the input logic of the U-Net was improved by dynamically adjusting the input size of each layer,and the short connections in the U-Net were replaced with crosslayer connections to enhance the image restoration capability at the decoding side.On the breast ultrasound images(BUSI)dataset,we obtain a Dice coefficient of 0.8031 and an intersection-over-union(IoU)value of 0.7362.The experimental results show that the proposed enhancement method effectively improves the accuracy and quality of breast cancer lesion region segmentation.
基金supported by the China Pharmaceutical University and funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81827803 and 82151311)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Nos.NP2024102,NJ2024016,and NJ2024029)+1 种基金Jiangsu Funding Program for Excellent Postdoctoral Talent(No.2024ZB661)Key Project of Nanjing Health Science and Technology Development Special Fund(No.ZKX24043).
文摘Cervical cancer is a major health threat to women worldwide.Since most cases are diagnosed at advanced stages,treatment outcomes are significantly less effective compared to those detected through early screening and intervention.Therefore,the development of efficient noninvasive early screening techniques is crucial.This study proposes a cervical lesion classification method based on near-infrared spectroscopy(NIR).First,the feasibility of using NIR for screening cervical precancerous lesions was verified by simulating the optical properties of normal and cancerous cervical tissues.In addition,a noninvasive,portable NIR real-time acquisition system for cervical tissue was independently developed.Moreover,NIR spectral data from cervical tissues were collected from 248 participants,and the samples were categorized into four groups according to biopsy results,namely,healthy,CIN1,CIN2,and CIN3.A Transformer-based classification network was used to train and classify data.In the classification of diseased samples,the prediction accuracy for CIN1 was the highest(99.32%),followed by CIN2(93.33%)and CIN3(94.48%).The classification model shows significant potential for screening cervical cancer and precancerous lesions,offering strong technical support for the large-scale implementation of cervical cancer screening programs.
文摘Vitex negundo(V.negundo),an Indian herb with a rich historical background for the handling of various complaints,is a member of the Verbenaceae family and is characterized by small trees with pale gray bark.This herb is widely used and has been recognized in traditional medicine for its pharmacological effects on a wide range of diseases.All sections of the plant,but particularly the leaves,contain a variety of secondary metabolites,including alkaloids,phenols,flavonoids,glycoside iridoids,tannins,and terpenes.The system is included in a number of store-bought herbal preparations and has the potential to function as an efficient bio-committee.Cancer continues to be a major cause of death and morbidity in spite of the intervention.One of the leading causes of death is cancer,and current therapies can have unpleasant side effects.Unhindered reactions,resistance to traditional cancer medications,radiation therapy,chemotherapy,and restricted access to tumor tissue are some of the reasons why treatment frequently fails.To reduce side effects,increase chemotherapy sensitivity,and slow the spread of cancer,new approaches are required.Small food molecules have been suggested in numerous research as supplemental therapies for cancer patients.The effectiveness of the flavonoid-rich V.negundo extract in treating cancer was assessed mechanically in this investigation.Total flavonoids have been isolated for qualitative phytochemical investigation using V.negundo ethanolic extract.This article highlights significant developments in this field and explores how flavonoids contribute to the targeted suppression of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase-protein kinase B-mammalian target of rapamycin pathway in different cancer types.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No. 30070845
文摘AIM: To investigate the loss of heterozygosity (LOH) and mutation of tumor suppressor gene PTEN in gastric cancer and precancerous lesions. METHODS: Thirty cases of normal gastric mucosa, advanced and early stage gastric cancer, intestinal metaplasia, atrophic gastritis, and atypical hyperplasia were analyzed for PTEN LOH and mutations within the entire coding region of PTEN gene by PCR-SSCP denaturing PAGE gel electrophoresis, and PTEN mutation was detected by PCR-SSCP sequencing followed by silver staining. RESULTS: LOH rate found in respectively atrophic gastritis was 10% (3/30), intestinal metaplasia 10% (3/30), atypical hyperplasia 13.3% (4/30), early stage gastric cancer 20% (6/30), and advanced stage gastric cancer 33.3% (9/30), None of the precancerous lesions and early stage gastric cancer showed PTEN mutations, but 10% (3/30) of the advanced stage gastric cancers, which were all positive for LOH, showed PTEN mutation. CONCLUSION: LOH of PTEN gene appears in precancerous lesions, and PTEN mutations are restricted to advanced gastric cancer, LOH and mutation of PTEN gene are closely related to the infiltration and metastasis of gastric cancer.
基金Supported by Jinan Science and Technology Bureau for Independent Innovation Projects of Universities and Research Institutes in Jinan city,China,No.201102060
文摘AIM:To investigate expression of stem cell marker Musashi-1(Msi-1)in relationship to tumorigenesis and progression of intestinal-type gastric cancer(GC).METHODS:Endoscopic biopsy specimens and surgical specimens were obtained,including 54 cases of intestinal-type GC,41 high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia,57low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia,31 intestinal metaplasia,and 36 normal gastric mucosa.Specimens were fixed in 10%paraformaldehyde,conventionally dehydrated,embedded in paraffin,and sliced in 4-μm-thick serial sections.Two-step immunohistochemical staining was used to detect Msi-1 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA)expression.Correlation analysis was conducted between Msi-1 and PCNA expression.The relationship between Msi-1 expression and clinicopathological parameters of GC was analyzed statistically.RESULTS:There were significant differences in Msi-1and PCNA expression in different pathological tissues(χ2=15.37,P<0.01;χ2=115.36,P<0.01).Msi-1and PCNA-positive cells were restricted to the isthmus of normal gastric glands.Expression levels of Msi-1and PCNA in intestinal metaplasia were significantly higher than in normal mucosa(U=392.0,P<0.05;U=40.50,P<0.01),whereas there was no significant difference compared to low or high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia.Msi-1 and PCNA expression in intestinaltype GC was higher than in high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia(U=798.0,P<0.05;U=688.0,P<0.01).There was a significantly positive correlation between Msi-1 and PCNA expression(rs=0.20,P<0.01).Msi-1expression in GC tissues was correlated with their lymph node metastasis and tumor node metastasis stage(χ2=12.62,P<0.01;χ2=11.24,P<0.05),but not with depth of invasion and the presence of distant metastasis.CONCLUSION:Msi-1-positive cells may play a key role in the early events of gastric carcinogenesis and may be involved in invasion and metastasis of GC.
文摘BACKGROUND In recent years,the incidence of gastrointestinal(GI)cancer in China has increased annually.Early detection and appropriate therapy are considered to be the key to treat GI cancer.DNMT1 takes an active part in the advancement of GI cancer,which will change as the disease progresses.But its expression characteristics in the dynamic variations of GI carcinogenesis are still unclear.AIM To investigate the expression characteristics of DNMT1 in different GI diseases.METHODS We detected the expression of DNMT1 in 650 cases of different GI diseases by immunohistochemistry,including 90 cases of chronic superficial gastritis(CSG),72 cases of atrophic gastritis with intestinal metaplasia(AG/GIM),54 cases of low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia(GLIN),66 cases of high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia(GHIN),71 cases of early gastric cancer(EGC),90 cases of normal intestinal mucosa(NIM),54 cases of intestinal low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia(ILIN),71 cases of intestinal high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia(IHIN),and 82 cases of early colorectal cancer(ECRC).RESULTS In the CSG group,all cases showed weakly positive or negative expression of DNMT1.However,in other four groups(AG/GIM,GLIN,GHIN,and EGC),the positive expression rate gradually increased with the severity of the diseases;the negative or weakly positive cases accounted for 55.56%(40/72),38.89%(21/54),1.52%(1/66),and 1.41%(1/71),respectively.Besides,the moderately positive cases were 44.44%(32/72),57.41%(31/54),80.30%(53/66),and 43.66%(31/71),respectively.The strongly positive cases only existed in the GLIN(3.70%,2/54),GHIN(18.18%,12/66),and EGC(54.93%,39/71)groups.The differences between any two groups were statistically significant(P<0.05).Similarly,in the NIM group,cases with weakly positive expression of DNMT1 were predominant(91.11%,82/90),and the rest were moderately positive cases(8.89%,8/90).In the ILIN,IHIN,and ECRC groups,the rates of cases with weak or negative expression of DNMT1 were 46.30%(25/54),12.68%(9/71),and 4.88%(4/82),respectively;with moderately positive expression were 53.70%(29/54),71.83%(51/71),and 34.15%(28/82),respectively;and with strongly positive expression were 0.00%(0/54),15.49%(11/71),and 60.98%(50/82),respectively.The differences between any two groups were also statistically significant(P<0.05).CONCLUSION The overexpression of DNMT1 protein could effectively predict early GI cancers and severe precancerous lesions,which may have potential clinical application value.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.30973503Special Fund for Climbing Scholars of Universities in Liaoning Province, China, 2009-2010
文摘AIM:To explore the relationship between Cripto-1 (CR-1) and tyrosine phosphorylation STAT3 (p-STAT3) expressions in gastric cancer (GC) and gastric carcinogensis and metastasis.METHODS: The PV9000 immunohistochemical method was used to detect the expression of CR-1 and p-STAT3 in 178 cases of GC, 95 matched normal gastric mucosa, 40 chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG), 48 intestinal meta-plasia (IM) and 25 dysplasia (DYS). RESULTS: The positive rates of CR-1 and p-STAT3 expression were significantly higher in CAG (65.0% and 60.0%), in IM (83.3% and 77.1%), DYS (80.0% and 68%) and GC (71.3% and 60.1%) than in normal gastric mucosa (43.2% and 41.1%, P < 0.05), respectively. The expressions of CR-1 and p-STAT3 (78.3% and 66.7%) were signifi cantly higher in GC with lymphnode metastasis than in those without metastasis (53.1% and 42.9%, P < 0.05). CR-1 expression was also related to histological and Lauren's types of GC (P < 0.001). Furthermore, there was positive relation-ship between CR-1 and p-STAT3 expressions in GC (rk = 0.189, P = 0.002).CONCLUSION: The up-regulation of CR-1 and p-STAT3 may play important roles in gastric carcinogenesis and lymph node metastasis. CR-1 and p-STAT3 expression in GC was positively correlated, and the relevant molecular mechanism requires further investigations.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81904064Scientific and Technological Innovation Project of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,No.CI2021A03804 and No.CI2021A05052Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Public Welfare Research Institutes,No.ZZ14-YQ-023,No.ZXKT21017,and No.ZXKT21024.
文摘Gastric cancer(GC)is a common gastrointestinal tumor.Gastric precancerous lesions(GPL)are the last pathological stage before normal gastric mucosa transforms into GC.However,preventing the transformation from GPL to GC remains a challenge.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has been used to treat gastric disease for millennia.A series of TCM formulas and active compounds have shown therapeutic effects in both GC and GPL.This article reviews recent progress on the herbal drugs and pharmacological mechanisms of TCM in preventing the transformation from GPL to GC,especially focusing on antiinflammatory,anti-angiogenesis,proliferation,and apoptosis.This review may provide a meaningful reference for the prevention of the transformation from GPL to GC using TCM.
文摘The most common histological type of gastric cancer(GC)is gastric adenocarcinoma arising from the gastric epithelium.Less common variants include mesenchymal,lymphoproliferative and neuroendocrine neoplasms.The Lauren scheme classifies GC into intestinal type,diffuse type and mixed type.The WHO classification includes papillary,tubular,mucinous,poorly cohesive and mixed GC.Chronic atrophic gastritis(CAG)and intestinal metaplasia are recommended as common precancerous conditions.No definite precancerous condition of diffuse/poorly/undifferentiated type is recommended.Chronic superficial inflammation and hyperplasia of foveolar cells may be the focus.Presently,the management of early GC and precancerous conditions mainly relies on endoscopy including diagnosis,treatment and surveillance.Management of precancerous conditions promotes the early detection and treatment of early GC,and even prevent the occurrence of GC.In the review,precancerous conditions including CAG,metaplasia,foveolar hyperplasia and gastric hyperplastic polyps derived from the gastric epithelium have been concluded,based on the overview of gastric epithelial histological organization and its renewal.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.U1604174Henan Provincial Government-Health and Family Planning Commission,No.20170123 and No.SBGJ202002004Henan Provincial Government-Health and Family Planning Commission Research Innovative Talents Project,No.51282。
文摘BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)infects about 50%of the world population and is the major cause of chronic gastritis,peptic ulcers,and gastric cancer.Chronic H.pylori infection induces gastric mucosal precancerous lesions mostly in adulthood,and it is debatable whether these pathological conditions can occur in childhood and adolescents as well.Since this is a critical issue to determine if intervention should be offered for this population group,we investigated the gastric mucosal precancerous lesions in pediatric patients in an area in central China with a high prevalence of H.pylori and gastric cancer.AIM To investigate the relationship of H.pylori infection and gastric mucosal precancerous lesions in children and adolescents in central China.METHODS We screened 4258 ward-admitted children and adolescent patients with upper gastrointestinal symptoms,and finally enrolled 1015 pediatric patients with H.pylori infection and endoscopic and histological data.H.pylori infection status was determined by rapid urease test and histopathological examination.Both clinical and pathological data were collected and analyzed retrospectively.Occurrence of gastric mucosal precancerous lesions,inflammatory activity and degree of inflammatory cell infiltration between H.pylori-positive and-negative groups were compared.RESULTS Among the 1015 eligible children and adolescents,the overall H.pylori infection rate was 84.14%(854/1015).The infection rate increased with age.The incidence of gastric mucosal precancerous lesions in H.pylori-infected children was 4.33%(37/854),which included atrophic gastritis(17 cases),intestinal metaplasia(11 cases)and dysplasia(9 cases).In H.pylori-negative patients,only 1 atrophic gastritis case[0.62%,(1/161)]was found(P<0.05).Active inflammation in H.pyloriinfected patients was significantly higher than that in non-infected patients,and the H.pyloriinfected group showed more severe lymphocyte and neutrophil granulocyte infiltration(P<0.001).In addition,endoscopy revealed that the most common findings in H.pylori-positive patients were antral nodularity,but in H.pylori-negative patients only superficial gastritis was observed.CONCLUSION In children and adolescents,gastric mucosal precancerous lesions occurred in 4.33%of H.pyloriinfected patients in central China.These cases included atrophic gastritis,intestinal metaplasia,and dysplasia.The data revealed an obvious critical issue requiring future investigation and intervention for this population group.
基金supported by the National Tenth Five-year Study Program for Taking Key Scientific Problems of China (No.2004 BA703 B06-2)the Science Program of Liaoning Province(No. 200722501-1)
文摘Objective： In cancer prevention, the targeting of precancerous lesions has been recognized as the most promising method. However, little attention has been paid to the risk factors of precancerous gastric lesions, especially in rural China where there is high prevalence of precancerous gastric lesions. We therefore conducted a cross-sectional study in Liaoning province, China, to investigate the potential risk and protective factors of these precancerous gastric lesions. Methods： A total of 1,179 subjects with high risk of gastric cancer from Zhuanghe County were included in this study. Standard questionnaires were used in collecting epidemiological factors and the data were then analyzed by the unconditional logistic regression model. Results： Smoking and drinking were the risk factors for the precancerous gastric lesions among rural subjects, and the association of smoking or drinking and the precancerous gastric lesions increased in strength with the daily consumption and duration. As the factors such as age, gender, smoking, alcohol were controlled, a multivariable analysis revealed that there was a significant correlation between the deep-fry food intake and the gastric epithelial dysplasia with the odds ratio （OR） of 1.78 [95% confidence interval （CI）： 1.01-3.12]. Garlic eating was shown to confer protection against the development of gastric ulcer （OR=0.55, 95% CI： 0.33-0.92）. Conclusion： Smoking and drinking were the risk factors for the precancerous gastric lesions among rural subjects. Deep-fry food intake might be one of the risk factors for the precancerous gastric lesions and garlic eating was shown to confer protection against the development of gastric ulcer among rural Chinese population.
