Objectives:Decades of clinical and fundamental research advancements in oncology have led to significant breakthroughs such as early screening,targeted therapies,and immunotherapy,contributing to reduced mortality rat...Objectives:Decades of clinical and fundamental research advancements in oncology have led to significant breakthroughs such as early screening,targeted therapies,and immunotherapy,contributing to reduced mortality rates in cancer patients.Despite these achievements,cancer continues to be a major public health challenge.This study employs bibliometric techniques to visually analyze the English literature on cancer prevention,screening,diagnosis,treatment,and rehabilitation.Methods:We systematically reviewed publications from 01 March 2014,to 01 March 2024,indexed in the Web of Science core collection.Tools such as VOSviewer Version 1.6.20 is characterized by its core idea of co-occurrence clustering.CiteSpace 6.3.R3 is distinguished by its powerful capabilities in bibliometric analysis,including co-citation analysis,co-occurrence analysis of keywords,author collaboration network analysis,and journal co-citation analysis,providing effective insights into research hotspots and detecting emerging trends.Bibliometrix version 3.0.3 offers rich visualization features,including collaboration network diagrams,citation distribution graphs,and keyword clouds.facilitated the analysis of the literature,helping to map out the current research landscape,identify pressing issues,and discern emerging trends,thus offering insights for future research directions.Results:The analysis revealed that major research hotspots include lung and breast cancer.Attention is predominantly concentrated on cancer treatment,subdivided into targeted therapy,immunotherapy,traditional Chinese medicine,and the development of new anticancer drugs.Significant terms identified in the study include immune checkpoint inhibitors,tumor microenvironment,and cancer stem cells.Conclusion:This bibliometric analysis highlights the evolving directions in oncology research,pinpointing nanotherapy,resistance to targeted therapies,and the integration of artificial intelligence as pivotal future research avenues in the prevention,screening,diagnosis,treatment,and rehabilitation of cancer.展开更多
This editorial comment on the article by Agidew et al in the recent issue of the World Journal of Clinical Oncology.Breast cancer remains a growing challenge in Ethiopia,where high mortality results from low awareness...This editorial comment on the article by Agidew et al in the recent issue of the World Journal of Clinical Oncology.Breast cancer remains a growing challenge in Ethiopia,where high mortality results from low awareness,delayed diagnosis,and restricted healthcare access.Agidew et al report that women with a family history of breast disease exhibit significantly higher levels of knowledge(83.9%vs 10.5%),more positive attitudes(49%vs 32.1%),and greater engagement in pre-ventive practices(74.1%vs 16.7%).However,with 69%-79%of women living below the poverty line,socioeconomic barriers severely limit preventive actions.Education,income,and community health insurance emerge as key predictors of health behaviors.We propose integrated interventions including deploying co-mmunity-based approaches,culturally tailored education,and artificial intelli-gence-powered education tools,to bridge knowledge gaps and transform aware-ness into action.This multifaceted strategy offers a scalable model for resource-limited settings globally,addressing both individual awareness and structural barriers to improve breast cancer outcomes.展开更多
Colorectal cancer(CRC)is one of the most common cancers diagnosed in the world.Although environmental and genetic factors play a major role in the pathogenesis of CRC,extensive research has suggested that vitamin D ma...Colorectal cancer(CRC)is one of the most common cancers diagnosed in the world.Although environmental and genetic factors play a major role in the pathogenesis of CRC,extensive research has suggested that vitamin D may play a pivotal role in the development of CRC.Vitamin D,primarily obtained through sunlight exposure,dietary sources,and supplements,has long been recognized for its essential functions in maintaining health,including immune regulation.This article delves into the intricate relationship between vitamin D,the immune system,gut flora,and the prevention of CRC.It presents a synthesis of epidemiological data,experimental studies,and clinical trials,highlighting the mechanisms by which vitamin D influences immune cell function,cytokine production,and inflammation.By enhancing the immune system’s surveillance and antitumor activity,vitamin D may offer a promising avenue for CRC prevention.Furthermore,this comprehensive review delves into the prospective clinical applications of vitamin D supplementation and delineates the forthcoming avenues of research in this dynamic domain.Additionally,the paper tentatively outlines a spectrum of prophylactic impacts of vitamin D on CRC,emphasizing its significant potential in reducing CRC risk through shedding light on its mechanisms,encompassing antineoplastic mechanisms,influences on the immune system,and modulation of the gut microbiome.展开更多
Vitamin D,also known as cholecalciferol,is the precursor to the active steroid hormone 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3(calcitriol; 1,25(OH)2D3).The main physiological role for 1,25(OH)2D3 is to regulate calcium and inorganic...Vitamin D,also known as cholecalciferol,is the precursor to the active steroid hormone 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3(calcitriol; 1,25(OH)2D3).The main physiological role for 1,25(OH)2D3 is to regulate calcium and inorganic phosphate homeostasis for bone health.More recently,vitamin D has been investigated for its effects in the prevention and treatment of a variety of diseases such as cancer,autoimmune disorders,and cardiovascular disease.Preclinical data strongly support a role for vitamin D in the prevention of cancer through its anti-proliferative,pro-apoptotic,and anti-angiogenic effects on cells.Epidemiologic and clinical studies have shown mixed data on the correlation between serum vitamin D levels and cancer risk.This report seeks to outline results from the most recent preclinical and clinical studies investigating the potential role of vitamin D in cancer prevention.展开更多
Several prediction models have been developed to estimate the outcomes of prostate biopsies. Most of these tools were designed for use with Western populations and have not been validated across different ethnic group...Several prediction models have been developed to estimate the outcomes of prostate biopsies. Most of these tools were designed for use with Western populations and have not been validated across different ethnic groups. Therefore, we evaluated the predictive value of the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial （PCPT） and the European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer （ERSPC） risk calculators in a Chinese cohort. Clinicopathological information was obtained from 495 Chinese men who had undergone extended prostate biopsies between January 2009 and March 2011. The estimated probabilities of prostate cancer and high-grade disease （Gleason 〉6） were calculated using the PCPT and ERSPC risk calculators. Overall measures, discrimination, calibration and clinical usefulness were assessed for the model evaluation. Of these patients, 28.7% were diagnosed with prostate cancer and 19.4% had high-grade disease. Compared to the PCPT model and the prostate-specific antigen （PSA） threshold of 4 ng m1-1, the ERSPC risk calculator exhibited better discriminative ability for predicting positive biopsies and high-grade disease （the area under the curve was 0.831 and 0.852, respectively, P〈O.01 for both）. Decision curve analysis also suggested the favourable clinical utility of the ERSPC calculator in the validation dataset. Both prediction models demonstrated miscalibration： the risk of prostate cancer and high-grade disease was overestimated by approximately 20% for a wide range of predicted probabilities. In conclusion, the ERSPC risk calculator outperformed both the PCPT model and the PSA threshold of 4 ng ml- z in predicting prostate cancer and high-grade disease in Chinese patients. However, the prediction tools derived from Western men significantly overestimated the probability of prostate cancer and high-grade disease compared to the outcomes of biopsies in a Chinese cohort.展开更多
Cervical cancer is a form of malignant tumor that seriously threatens women’s health. In China,according to the cancer statistics, 98,900 new cervical cancer cases and 30,500 deaths due to cervical cancer were estima...Cervical cancer is a form of malignant tumor that seriously threatens women’s health. In China,according to the cancer statistics, 98,900 new cervical cancer cases and 30,500 deaths due to cervical cancer were estimated to have occurred in2015, and the incidence and mortality rates still exhibited an upward trend[1].展开更多
Cancer has become the first leading cause of death in the world, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Facing the increasing trend of cancer incidence and mortality, China issued and implemented ＂three-ea...Cancer has become the first leading cause of death in the world, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Facing the increasing trend of cancer incidence and mortality, China issued and implemented ＂three-early（early prevention, early diagnosis and early treatment）＂ national cancer prevention plan. As the main body and dependence of social governance, non-governmental organizations（NGOs） take over the role of government in the field of cancer prevention and treatment. American Cancer Society（ACS） made a research on cancer NGOs and civil society in cancer control and found that cancer NGOs in developing countries mobilize civil society to work together and advocate governments in their countries to develop policies to address the growing cancer burden. Union for International Cancer Control（UICC）, Cancer Council Australia（CCA）, and Malaysian cancer NGOs are the representatives of cancer NGOs in promoting cancer control. Selecting Chinese Anti-Cancer Association（CACA） as an example in China, this article is to investigate how NGOs undertake systematic cancer prevention work in China. By conducting real case study, we found that, as a NGO, CACA plays a significant role in intensifying the leading role of government in cancer control, optimizing cancer outcomes, decreasing cancer incidence and mortality rates and improving public health.展开更多
Objectives: To identify the obstacles and issues that hinder effective cancer prevention efforts in Ukraine. The study aims to provide a comprehensive assessment of the barriers to cancer prevention, including both in...Objectives: To identify the obstacles and issues that hinder effective cancer prevention efforts in Ukraine. The study aims to provide a comprehensive assessment of the barriers to cancer prevention, including both infrastructure and behavioral factors, and identify potential solutions to address these challenges. Study Design: Comprehensive literature review. Methods: The following databases were searched: National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) and PubMed (U.S. National Library of Medicine at the National Institutes of Health). The keywords used in the search included “Cervical Cancer”, “Human Papillomavirus Vaccination (HPV)”, “Ukraine”, “Eastern Europe”, “Healthcare Infrastructure in Disasters”, “Cervical Cancer Prevention”, “Pap Smear”, and “HPV Testing”. Results: A total of 3500 articles were screened. A total of 65 articles met the inclusion criteria. Limited public awareness and limited access to vaccination and screening, combined with inadequate treatment facilities lead to higher rates of cervical cancer. The COVID pandemic, war with Russia, and the Chernobyl disaster are significant factors for the low level of vaccination in Ukraine. Conclusion: The prevention and treatment of cervical cancer in Ukraine face significant challenges due to the inadequate HPV vaccination rates and screening by cytology. Efforts to improve funding and increase education of both the population and health care providers are necessary to increase interventions such as HPV vaccination, cervical cytology, and HPV testing to reduce cervical cancer rates in Ukraine.展开更多
<span style="font-family:Verdana;">There are some forgotten items. There is </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span s...<span style="font-family:Verdana;">There are some forgotten items. There is </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">a </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">specific way to eradicate cancer</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> cells at the very early stage of their appearance. Natural humoral immunity with CD5+ B-cell produced pentameric IgM to cancer associated glycans normally </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">to </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">eliminate arising cancer cells. This branch of innate immunity is decreasing with age and that is a basis for selective immunodeficieny which may be corrected. This area of research was well studied and proved by the team of Prof. Vollmers (Germany), but then forgotten for about 15 years.</span></span></span>展开更多
Obesity has emerged as a critical public health challenge worldwide and in China,substantially contributing to the burden of chronic diseases,including cancer.In response,China launched the“Weight Management Year”in...Obesity has emerged as a critical public health challenge worldwide and in China,substantially contributing to the burden of chronic diseases,including cancer.In response,China launched the“Weight Management Year”initiative in 2024,representing a strategic shift toward upstream interventions in chronic disease control.This perspective examines the essential role of obesity control in cancer prevention across the complete prevention continuum—primordial(zero-level),primary,secondary,and tertiary prevention.The initiative presents a unique opportunity to integrate weight management strategies into health promotion,early risk identification,screening programs,and postdiagnosis rehabilitation.It emphasizes incorporating obesity-related cancer prevention into routine healthcare through digital platforms,multidisciplinary collaboration,and population-wide education campaigns.However,significant challenges persist,including limited public awareness of obesity’s carcinogenic risks,insufficient integration between clinical and public health systems,and inadequate multi-sectoral cooperation.Moving forward,cancer prevention in China must transition from a reactive,screening-focused model to a proactive,life-course approach centered on behavioral and lifestyle interventions.Strengthening risk communication,institutionalizing weight management across all prevention levels,and fostering cross-sectoral collaboration are essential for building a sustainable,population-wide cancer prevention framework.展开更多
Background:High adiposity and low physical activity are associated with cancer risk.Whether different amounts and intensities of physical activity can mitigate this association is unclear.We aimed to examine the indep...Background:High adiposity and low physical activity are associated with cancer risk.Whether different amounts and intensities of physical activity can mitigate this association is unclear.We aimed to examine the independent and combined associations of adiposity and devicemeasured physical activity levels of different intensities with cancer incidence and mortality.Methods:This prospective cohort study included data from 70,747 UK Biobank participants(mean age=61.6±7.9 years,mean±SD;56.4%women)with wrist-worn accelerometer measurements of physical activity and without chronic diseases or mobility limitations.Physical activity exposures included min per week of light intensity physical activity(LPA),moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity(MVPA),and vigorous intensity physical activity(VPA),along with total weekly volume.Body mass index(BMI)was calculated from anthropometric measurements.Participants were categorized into 9 groups based on joint tertiles of physical activity and BMI categories(normal weight,overweight,and obesity).Secondary analyses included adiposity using bio-impedance and waist circumference measurements.The outcome was incidence and death from cancer retrieved from national registries.Associations between adiposity,physical activity,and cancer hazard were calculated as subdistribution hazard ratios.A secondary analysis focused on cancer types strongly associated with physical activity.Results:We observed 2625 events(2572 non-fatal and 53 fatal)during a median follow-up of 6.1 years.Compared with the referent(normal weight and high physical activity),overweight and obesity were associated with a 6%to 36%higher cancer hazard across physical activity intensities.However,high MVPA and VPA(approximately 500 min and 32 min per week in the top tertiles,respectively)attenuated the hazard associated with overweight and obesity.Being normal weight was not associated with a higher cancer hazard regardless of physical activity level.The results were similar,although more pronounced,when modeling cancer types strongly associated with physical activity as the outcome.Conclusion:High MVPA and VPA levels may attenuate the association of overweight and obesity with cancer hazard,but maintaining a normal weight seems comparatively more important than physical activity to reduce the hazard.Maintaining a healthy body weight and engaging in physical activity is needed to minimize risk of some cancer types.展开更多
The chirality of bioactive molecules is closely related to their functions.D-amino acids commonly distributed in the bacterial cell walls trigger a robust anti-infective immune response.Inspired by that,two kinds of c...The chirality of bioactive molecules is closely related to their functions.D-amino acids commonly distributed in the bacterial cell walls trigger a robust anti-infective immune response.Inspired by that,two kinds of chiral polypeptides,poly(L-phenylalanine)-block-poly(L-lysine)(PL-K)and poly(Lphenylalanine)-block-poly(D-lysine)(PD-K),were synthesized and used as nanoadjuvants of nanovaccines for cancer prevention and therapy.The amphiphilic polypeptides self-assembled into nanoparticles with a diameter of about 30 nm during ultrasonic-assisted dissolution in phosphate-buffered saline.The nanovaccines PL-K-OVA and PD-K-OVA were easily prepared by mixing solutions of PL-K or PD-K and the model antigen chicken ovalbumin(OVA),respectively,with loading efficiencies of almost 100%.Compared to PL-K-OVA,PD-K-OVA more robustly induced dendritic cell maturation,antigen cross-presentation,and adaptive immune response.More importantly,it effectively prevented and treated the OVA-expressed B16-OVA melanoma model.PD-K-OVA achieved a tumor inhibition rate of 94.9%and even 97.0%by combining with anti-PD-1 antibody.Therefore,the chiral polypeptide nanoparticles represent simple,efficient,and extensively applicable nanoadjuvants for various nanovaccines.展开更多
Objectives: Drugs for targeted therapy have become a new strategy of adjuvant therapy for treatment of lung cancer.The Keapl (kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1)-Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2) pat...Objectives: Drugs for targeted therapy have become a new strategy of adjuvant therapy for treatment of lung cancer.The Keapl (kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1)-Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2) pathway is recognized to be critical in regulating genes related to the cellular protective response and protecting cells from oxidative damages and toxic insult.Methods: Pubmed, Embase, OVID, and the Cochrane Library databases were searched from the beginning of each database without any limitations to the date of publication.Search terms were 'Nrf2' or 'Keap1' and 'Lung cancer'.Results: The upregulation of Nrf2 had been closely related to tumor protection and drug resistance.The aberrant state of Keap 1 or Nrf2 that were frequently found in lung cancer conferred a poor prognosis.Nrf2 could prevent cells from undergoing oncogenesis as a tumor suppressor, while it could also promote cancer progression and resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs as an oncogene,depending on the different stages of tumor progression.Target Nrf2 signaling by specific chemicals showed it could prevent tumor growth or combat chemoresistance.Conclusions: Increasing evidence has demonstrated the dual roles of the Keap1-Nrf2 pathway in tumor initiation and progression.In this paper, we provide a comprehensive overview of the potency of the Keap 1-Nrf2 pathway as an antitumor target, and the current status of Nrf2 activators or inhibitors for therapeutic approaches.Further studies are required to clarify the role of Nrf2 in lung cancer at different tumor stages, in order to maximize the efficacy of Keap1-Nrf2 targeting agents.Copyright 2015, Chinese Medical Association Production.Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of KeAi Communications Co., Ltd.This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by-nc-nd/4.0/).展开更多
BACKGROUNDAdvanced gastric tumors are extremely prone to metastasize the in 20%–30% ofgastric cancer, and patients have a poor prognosis despite systemic chemotherapy.Peritoneal metastases from gastric cancer usually...BACKGROUNDAdvanced gastric tumors are extremely prone to metastasize the in 20%–30% ofgastric cancer, and patients have a poor prognosis despite systemic chemotherapy.Peritoneal metastases from gastric cancer usually indicate the end stageof the disease without curative treatment.AIMTo peritoneal metastasis for facilitating clinical therapy are urgently needed.METHODSImmunohistochemical staining and immunofluorescence staining were used todemonstrate the high expression of cathepsin L (CTSL) in human gastric cancertissues and its localization in cells. Lentivirus transfection was used to construct stable cell lines. Transwell invasion assays, wound healing assays, and animal tests were used to determine therelationships between CTSL and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and tumorigenic potential in vivo.RESULTSWe observed that macrophage-derived CTSL promoted gastric cancer cell migration and metastasis via the EMTpathway in vitro and in vivo, which involved macrophage polarization. Our findings suggest that macrophagesimprove extracellular matrix remodeling and hence facilitate tumor metastasis. Ablation of CTSL in macrophageswithin the tumor microenvironment may improve tumor therapy and the prognosis of patients with gastric cancerperitoneal metastasis.CONCLUSIONIn consideration of our findings, tumor-associated macrophage-derived CTSL is an important factor that promotesthe metastasis and invasion of gastric cancer cells, and the targeting of CTSL may potentially improve the prognosisof patients with gastric cancer with peritoneal metastasis.展开更多
Worldwide,cancer is a growing epidemic that results in large social and economic burdens.Despite advances in current diagnosis and treatment,most of the prognosis in cancer patients remains poor.It is urgent to find a...Worldwide,cancer is a growing epidemic that results in large social and economic burdens.Despite advances in current diagnosis and treatment,most of the prognosis in cancer patients remains poor.It is urgent to find alternative therapies with effective cancer prevention and treatment.Chinese herbal medicines(CHMs)have been increasingly used worldwide for cancer prevention and treatment due to their privileged properties.CHMs are useful in the suppression of various types of cancers through different mechanisms of action.Non-coding RNAs(ncRNAs),including microRNAs,long non-coding RNAs and circular RNAs,are closely involved in the cancer progression and development.Regulation of ncRNAs in tumor cells may be a useful pharmacological strategy for the cancer prevention and treatment.Substantial evidence exists that various phytochemicals from CHMs exert potent anticarcinogenic effects by regulating ncRNAs-related targets and signaling pathways.Herein,the purpose of this paper is to conclude the current understanding of phytochemicals from CHMs in ncRNAs-mediated cancer suppression and the molecular mechanisms.This review will help to provide beneficial clues related to the clinical use of CHMs in the cancer prevention and treatment and further promote new drug discovery against cancer.展开更多
At least one third of all newly diagnosed cancers could be prevented if lifestyle factors were changed. The University Cancer Center Dresden initiated two programs aiming at cancer awareness and intentions to engage i...At least one third of all newly diagnosed cancers could be prevented if lifestyle factors were changed. The University Cancer Center Dresden initiated two programs aiming at cancer awareness and intentions to engage in health-promoting behavior among children and adolescents. Study 1 examined sun protection knowledge of 80 preschool children in a non-randomized design and Study 2 inspected 235 7th grade students’ knowledge of cancer and its behavioral risk-factors as well as intentions on health-promoting behavior using a randomized pre-post design on group-level. Study 1 showed significant improvement of sun protection knowledge in preschool children (p 0.05). Study 2 was effective in increasing knowledge about risk factors for cancer (p 0.001) and in increasing intentions to engage in health-promoting behavior (p 0.001). Communicating health-related behavior in preschools as well as school-based programs targeting multiple cancer-related risk factors are promising tools for primary prevention of cancer.展开更多
BACKGROUND Cancer presents a significant public health challenge in China,necessitating broad collaboration across society.The Chinese government has articulated a goal to increase the overall five-year survival rate ...BACKGROUND Cancer presents a significant public health challenge in China,necessitating broad collaboration across society.The Chinese government has articulated a goal to increase the overall five-year survival rate for cancer by 15%by 2030.Achieving this objective requires not only advances in medical technology,but also an im-provement in the dissemination of knowledge pertaining to cancer prevention and treatment.AIM To provide a comprehensive understanding of the status of cancer prevention and level of popularization in China in 2023.METHODS From January 2023 to May 2023,online questionnaires were distributed to 3000 participants,including medical personnel,patients with cancer,their families,and the general public.There were 2711 valid responses,covering the entire nation.RESULTS A total of 1020 medical personnel and 1691 patients with cancer,their family members,and the general public participated in the survey.Among medical personnel,93.2%had popularized cancer health.Commonly addressed topics included cancer prevention(85.9%)and cancer screening(77.8%).Primary challenges included time constraints(73.9%),insufficient personnel and material support(66.7%),and uncertainty as to where to begin(49.3%).Among patients with cancer,their family members,and the general public,93.4%reported reading or watching cancer science popularization materials and 56.9%expressed a desire for deeper understanding.The most sought-after topics in cancer science popularization included cancer screening(80.2%)and cancer prevention(75.8%).The greatest challenge encountered in accessing cancer health popularization was an abundance of misinformation(67.5%).CONCLUSION Most clinical doctors,patients,family,and the general public wish to participate in cancer education.However,improvement in the quality of content in cancer prevention and treatment education is required.展开更多
Background: The incidence of early-onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC), which exhibits differential clinical, patho- logical, and molecular features compared to late-onset CRC (LOCRC), is rising globally. The potential di...Background: The incidence of early-onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC), which exhibits differential clinical, patho- logical, and molecular features compared to late-onset CRC (LOCRC), is rising globally. The potential differential effects of blood glucose on EOCRC compared to LOCRC have not been investigated. Methods: This study analyzed 374,568 participants from the UK Biobank cohort and 172,809 participants from the Kailuan cohort. The linear associations between blood glucose and EOCRC/LOCRC were estimated using Cox regression models. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis and non-linear Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis using a 70-SNPs genetic instrument for fasting glucose were used to explore the potential non-linear associations. Results: Participants in the highest quintile of blood glucose had higher overall CRC risk compared to the lowest quintile (HR = 1.10 in the UK Biobank cohort, 95% CI: 1.01-1.21, P -trend = 0.012;HR = 1.23 in the Kailuan cohort, 95% CI: 1.01-1.51, P -trend = 0.036). Elevated glucose ( > 7.0 mmol/L) was more strongly associated with increased risk of EOCRC (HR = 1.61, 95% CI: 1.07-2.44) than with LOCRC (HR = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.02-1.27) in the UK Biobank cohort ( P- heterogeneity = 0.014). Elevated glucose ( > 7.0 mmol/L) was associated with increased risk of LOCRC (HR = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.04-1.65) in the Kailuan cohort as well. There was no evidence for non-linear associations between blood glucose and risks of EOCRC/LOCRC. Conclusions: This study showed a positive association between blood glucose and CRC risk in a dose-response manner, particularly for EOCRC, suggesting that tighter glucose control should be a priority for younger age groups.展开更多
This article is a comprehensive study based on research on the connection between diabetes mellitus(DM)and prostate cancer(PCa).It investigates the potential role of DM as an independent risk factor for PCa,delving in...This article is a comprehensive study based on research on the connection between diabetes mellitus(DM)and prostate cancer(PCa).It investigates the potential role of DM as an independent risk factor for PCa,delving into the biological links,including insulin resistance and hormonal changes.The paper critically analyzes previous studies that have shown varying results and introduces mendelian randomization as a method for establishing causality.It emphasizes the importance of early DM screening and lifestyle modifications in preventing PCa,and proposes future research directions for further understanding the DM-PCa relationship.展开更多
基金supported by the grants from the Scientific and Technological Innovation Project of Information Traditional Chinese Medicine,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences(No.CI2021 B002).
文摘Objectives:Decades of clinical and fundamental research advancements in oncology have led to significant breakthroughs such as early screening,targeted therapies,and immunotherapy,contributing to reduced mortality rates in cancer patients.Despite these achievements,cancer continues to be a major public health challenge.This study employs bibliometric techniques to visually analyze the English literature on cancer prevention,screening,diagnosis,treatment,and rehabilitation.Methods:We systematically reviewed publications from 01 March 2014,to 01 March 2024,indexed in the Web of Science core collection.Tools such as VOSviewer Version 1.6.20 is characterized by its core idea of co-occurrence clustering.CiteSpace 6.3.R3 is distinguished by its powerful capabilities in bibliometric analysis,including co-citation analysis,co-occurrence analysis of keywords,author collaboration network analysis,and journal co-citation analysis,providing effective insights into research hotspots and detecting emerging trends.Bibliometrix version 3.0.3 offers rich visualization features,including collaboration network diagrams,citation distribution graphs,and keyword clouds.facilitated the analysis of the literature,helping to map out the current research landscape,identify pressing issues,and discern emerging trends,thus offering insights for future research directions.Results:The analysis revealed that major research hotspots include lung and breast cancer.Attention is predominantly concentrated on cancer treatment,subdivided into targeted therapy,immunotherapy,traditional Chinese medicine,and the development of new anticancer drugs.Significant terms identified in the study include immune checkpoint inhibitors,tumor microenvironment,and cancer stem cells.Conclusion:This bibliometric analysis highlights the evolving directions in oncology research,pinpointing nanotherapy,resistance to targeted therapies,and the integration of artificial intelligence as pivotal future research avenues in the prevention,screening,diagnosis,treatment,and rehabilitation of cancer.
文摘This editorial comment on the article by Agidew et al in the recent issue of the World Journal of Clinical Oncology.Breast cancer remains a growing challenge in Ethiopia,where high mortality results from low awareness,delayed diagnosis,and restricted healthcare access.Agidew et al report that women with a family history of breast disease exhibit significantly higher levels of knowledge(83.9%vs 10.5%),more positive attitudes(49%vs 32.1%),and greater engagement in pre-ventive practices(74.1%vs 16.7%).However,with 69%-79%of women living below the poverty line,socioeconomic barriers severely limit preventive actions.Education,income,and community health insurance emerge as key predictors of health behaviors.We propose integrated interventions including deploying co-mmunity-based approaches,culturally tailored education,and artificial intelli-gence-powered education tools,to bridge knowledge gaps and transform aware-ness into action.This multifaceted strategy offers a scalable model for resource-limited settings globally,addressing both individual awareness and structural barriers to improve breast cancer outcomes.
文摘Colorectal cancer(CRC)is one of the most common cancers diagnosed in the world.Although environmental and genetic factors play a major role in the pathogenesis of CRC,extensive research has suggested that vitamin D may play a pivotal role in the development of CRC.Vitamin D,primarily obtained through sunlight exposure,dietary sources,and supplements,has long been recognized for its essential functions in maintaining health,including immune regulation.This article delves into the intricate relationship between vitamin D,the immune system,gut flora,and the prevention of CRC.It presents a synthesis of epidemiological data,experimental studies,and clinical trials,highlighting the mechanisms by which vitamin D influences immune cell function,cytokine production,and inflammation.By enhancing the immune system’s surveillance and antitumor activity,vitamin D may offer a promising avenue for CRC prevention.Furthermore,this comprehensive review delves into the prospective clinical applications of vitamin D supplementation and delineates the forthcoming avenues of research in this dynamic domain.Additionally,the paper tentatively outlines a spectrum of prophylactic impacts of vitamin D on CRC,emphasizing its significant potential in reducing CRC risk through shedding light on its mechanisms,encompassing antineoplastic mechanisms,influences on the immune system,and modulation of the gut microbiome.
基金supported by NIH grants 1R21AR063242(W.L.and D.D.M.)and 1R01CA148706(W.L.)
文摘Vitamin D,also known as cholecalciferol,is the precursor to the active steroid hormone 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3(calcitriol; 1,25(OH)2D3).The main physiological role for 1,25(OH)2D3 is to regulate calcium and inorganic phosphate homeostasis for bone health.More recently,vitamin D has been investigated for its effects in the prevention and treatment of a variety of diseases such as cancer,autoimmune disorders,and cardiovascular disease.Preclinical data strongly support a role for vitamin D in the prevention of cancer through its anti-proliferative,pro-apoptotic,and anti-angiogenic effects on cells.Epidemiologic and clinical studies have shown mixed data on the correlation between serum vitamin D levels and cancer risk.This report seeks to outline results from the most recent preclinical and clinical studies investigating the potential role of vitamin D in cancer prevention.
文摘Several prediction models have been developed to estimate the outcomes of prostate biopsies. Most of these tools were designed for use with Western populations and have not been validated across different ethnic groups. Therefore, we evaluated the predictive value of the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial （PCPT） and the European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer （ERSPC） risk calculators in a Chinese cohort. Clinicopathological information was obtained from 495 Chinese men who had undergone extended prostate biopsies between January 2009 and March 2011. The estimated probabilities of prostate cancer and high-grade disease （Gleason 〉6） were calculated using the PCPT and ERSPC risk calculators. Overall measures, discrimination, calibration and clinical usefulness were assessed for the model evaluation. Of these patients, 28.7% were diagnosed with prostate cancer and 19.4% had high-grade disease. Compared to the PCPT model and the prostate-specific antigen （PSA） threshold of 4 ng m1-1, the ERSPC risk calculator exhibited better discriminative ability for predicting positive biopsies and high-grade disease （the area under the curve was 0.831 and 0.852, respectively, P〈O.01 for both）. Decision curve analysis also suggested the favourable clinical utility of the ERSPC calculator in the validation dataset. Both prediction models demonstrated miscalibration： the risk of prostate cancer and high-grade disease was overestimated by approximately 20% for a wide range of predicted probabilities. In conclusion, the ERSPC risk calculator outperformed both the PCPT model and the PSA threshold of 4 ng ml- z in predicting prostate cancer and high-grade disease in Chinese patients. However, the prediction tools derived from Western men significantly overestimated the probability of prostate cancer and high-grade disease compared to the outcomes of biopsies in a Chinese cohort.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province,China [Grant No.2017CKC891]the Health Commission Of Hubei Province,China [Grant No.WJ2019H286]
文摘Cervical cancer is a form of malignant tumor that seriously threatens women’s health. In China,according to the cancer statistics, 98,900 new cervical cancer cases and 30,500 deaths due to cervical cancer were estimated to have occurred in2015, and the incidence and mortality rates still exhibited an upward trend[1].
文摘Cancer has become the first leading cause of death in the world, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Facing the increasing trend of cancer incidence and mortality, China issued and implemented ＂three-early（early prevention, early diagnosis and early treatment）＂ national cancer prevention plan. As the main body and dependence of social governance, non-governmental organizations（NGOs） take over the role of government in the field of cancer prevention and treatment. American Cancer Society（ACS） made a research on cancer NGOs and civil society in cancer control and found that cancer NGOs in developing countries mobilize civil society to work together and advocate governments in their countries to develop policies to address the growing cancer burden. Union for International Cancer Control（UICC）, Cancer Council Australia（CCA）, and Malaysian cancer NGOs are the representatives of cancer NGOs in promoting cancer control. Selecting Chinese Anti-Cancer Association（CACA） as an example in China, this article is to investigate how NGOs undertake systematic cancer prevention work in China. By conducting real case study, we found that, as a NGO, CACA plays a significant role in intensifying the leading role of government in cancer control, optimizing cancer outcomes, decreasing cancer incidence and mortality rates and improving public health.
文摘Objectives: To identify the obstacles and issues that hinder effective cancer prevention efforts in Ukraine. The study aims to provide a comprehensive assessment of the barriers to cancer prevention, including both infrastructure and behavioral factors, and identify potential solutions to address these challenges. Study Design: Comprehensive literature review. Methods: The following databases were searched: National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) and PubMed (U.S. National Library of Medicine at the National Institutes of Health). The keywords used in the search included “Cervical Cancer”, “Human Papillomavirus Vaccination (HPV)”, “Ukraine”, “Eastern Europe”, “Healthcare Infrastructure in Disasters”, “Cervical Cancer Prevention”, “Pap Smear”, and “HPV Testing”. Results: A total of 3500 articles were screened. A total of 65 articles met the inclusion criteria. Limited public awareness and limited access to vaccination and screening, combined with inadequate treatment facilities lead to higher rates of cervical cancer. The COVID pandemic, war with Russia, and the Chernobyl disaster are significant factors for the low level of vaccination in Ukraine. Conclusion: The prevention and treatment of cervical cancer in Ukraine face significant challenges due to the inadequate HPV vaccination rates and screening by cytology. Efforts to improve funding and increase education of both the population and health care providers are necessary to increase interventions such as HPV vaccination, cervical cytology, and HPV testing to reduce cervical cancer rates in Ukraine.
文摘<span style="font-family:Verdana;">There are some forgotten items. There is </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">a </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">specific way to eradicate cancer</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> cells at the very early stage of their appearance. Natural humoral immunity with CD5+ B-cell produced pentameric IgM to cancer associated glycans normally </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">to </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">eliminate arising cancer cells. This branch of innate immunity is decreasing with age and that is a basis for selective immunodeficieny which may be corrected. This area of research was well studied and proved by the team of Prof. Vollmers (Germany), but then forgotten for about 15 years.</span></span></span>
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grants No.82388102 and 82373654].
文摘Obesity has emerged as a critical public health challenge worldwide and in China,substantially contributing to the burden of chronic diseases,including cancer.In response,China launched the“Weight Management Year”initiative in 2024,representing a strategic shift toward upstream interventions in chronic disease control.This perspective examines the essential role of obesity control in cancer prevention across the complete prevention continuum—primordial(zero-level),primary,secondary,and tertiary prevention.The initiative presents a unique opportunity to integrate weight management strategies into health promotion,early risk identification,screening programs,and postdiagnosis rehabilitation.It emphasizes incorporating obesity-related cancer prevention into routine healthcare through digital platforms,multidisciplinary collaboration,and population-wide education campaigns.However,significant challenges persist,including limited public awareness of obesity’s carcinogenic risks,insufficient integration between clinical and public health systems,and inadequate multi-sectoral cooperation.Moving forward,cancer prevention in China must transition from a reactive,screening-focused model to a proactive,life-course approach centered on behavioral and lifestyle interventions.Strengthening risk communication,institutionalizing weight management across all prevention levels,and fostering cross-sectoral collaboration are essential for building a sustainable,population-wide cancer prevention framework.
基金funded by the Spanish Ministry of Universities under application 33.50.460A.752by the European Union Next Generation EU/PRTR through a Margarita Salas contract of the University of Vigosupported by the Government of Andalusia, Research Talent Recruitment Programme (EMERGIA 2020/00158)。
文摘Background:High adiposity and low physical activity are associated with cancer risk.Whether different amounts and intensities of physical activity can mitigate this association is unclear.We aimed to examine the independent and combined associations of adiposity and devicemeasured physical activity levels of different intensities with cancer incidence and mortality.Methods:This prospective cohort study included data from 70,747 UK Biobank participants(mean age=61.6±7.9 years,mean±SD;56.4%women)with wrist-worn accelerometer measurements of physical activity and without chronic diseases or mobility limitations.Physical activity exposures included min per week of light intensity physical activity(LPA),moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity(MVPA),and vigorous intensity physical activity(VPA),along with total weekly volume.Body mass index(BMI)was calculated from anthropometric measurements.Participants were categorized into 9 groups based on joint tertiles of physical activity and BMI categories(normal weight,overweight,and obesity).Secondary analyses included adiposity using bio-impedance and waist circumference measurements.The outcome was incidence and death from cancer retrieved from national registries.Associations between adiposity,physical activity,and cancer hazard were calculated as subdistribution hazard ratios.A secondary analysis focused on cancer types strongly associated with physical activity.Results:We observed 2625 events(2572 non-fatal and 53 fatal)during a median follow-up of 6.1 years.Compared with the referent(normal weight and high physical activity),overweight and obesity were associated with a 6%to 36%higher cancer hazard across physical activity intensities.However,high MVPA and VPA(approximately 500 min and 32 min per week in the top tertiles,respectively)attenuated the hazard associated with overweight and obesity.Being normal weight was not associated with a higher cancer hazard regardless of physical activity level.The results were similar,although more pronounced,when modeling cancer types strongly associated with physical activity as the outcome.Conclusion:High MVPA and VPA levels may attenuate the association of overweight and obesity with cancer hazard,but maintaining a normal weight seems comparatively more important than physical activity to reduce the hazard.Maintaining a healthy body weight and engaging in physical activity is needed to minimize risk of some cancer types.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program(2022YFC2603500,2022YFC2603501,2021YFC2400600,2021YFC2400603,and 2021YFC2400604)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52273158,52273159,U21A2099,52022095,and 52073280)+2 种基金the Science and Technology Development Program of Jilin Province(20210509005RQ,20210504001GH,20200404182YY,and 20200201322JC)the Special Project for City-Academy Scientific and Technological Innovation Cooperation of Changchun(21SH14)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of Chinese Academy of Sciences(2019230).
文摘The chirality of bioactive molecules is closely related to their functions.D-amino acids commonly distributed in the bacterial cell walls trigger a robust anti-infective immune response.Inspired by that,two kinds of chiral polypeptides,poly(L-phenylalanine)-block-poly(L-lysine)(PL-K)and poly(Lphenylalanine)-block-poly(D-lysine)(PD-K),were synthesized and used as nanoadjuvants of nanovaccines for cancer prevention and therapy.The amphiphilic polypeptides self-assembled into nanoparticles with a diameter of about 30 nm during ultrasonic-assisted dissolution in phosphate-buffered saline.The nanovaccines PL-K-OVA and PD-K-OVA were easily prepared by mixing solutions of PL-K or PD-K and the model antigen chicken ovalbumin(OVA),respectively,with loading efficiencies of almost 100%.Compared to PL-K-OVA,PD-K-OVA more robustly induced dendritic cell maturation,antigen cross-presentation,and adaptive immune response.More importantly,it effectively prevented and treated the OVA-expressed B16-OVA melanoma model.PD-K-OVA achieved a tumor inhibition rate of 94.9%and even 97.0%by combining with anti-PD-1 antibody.Therefore,the chiral polypeptide nanoparticles represent simple,efficient,and extensively applicable nanoadjuvants for various nanovaccines.
基金Zhejiang Provincial Program for the Cultivation of High-level Innovative Health Talents，Science and Technology Project of Zhejiang Province，Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province, China，Medical Science Research Foundation of Zhejiang Province
文摘Objectives: Drugs for targeted therapy have become a new strategy of adjuvant therapy for treatment of lung cancer.The Keapl (kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1)-Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2) pathway is recognized to be critical in regulating genes related to the cellular protective response and protecting cells from oxidative damages and toxic insult.Methods: Pubmed, Embase, OVID, and the Cochrane Library databases were searched from the beginning of each database without any limitations to the date of publication.Search terms were 'Nrf2' or 'Keap1' and 'Lung cancer'.Results: The upregulation of Nrf2 had been closely related to tumor protection and drug resistance.The aberrant state of Keap 1 or Nrf2 that were frequently found in lung cancer conferred a poor prognosis.Nrf2 could prevent cells from undergoing oncogenesis as a tumor suppressor, while it could also promote cancer progression and resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs as an oncogene,depending on the different stages of tumor progression.Target Nrf2 signaling by specific chemicals showed it could prevent tumor growth or combat chemoresistance.Conclusions: Increasing evidence has demonstrated the dual roles of the Keap1-Nrf2 pathway in tumor initiation and progression.In this paper, we provide a comprehensive overview of the potency of the Keap 1-Nrf2 pathway as an antitumor target, and the current status of Nrf2 activators or inhibitors for therapeutic approaches.Further studies are required to clarify the role of Nrf2 in lung cancer at different tumor stages, in order to maximize the efficacy of Keap1-Nrf2 targeting agents.Copyright 2015, Chinese Medical Association Production.Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of KeAi Communications Co., Ltd.This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by-nc-nd/4.0/).
基金Supported by The National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82272087 and No.82103150The Guangdong Natural Science Foundation Outstanding Youth Project,China,No.2021B1515020055The Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Gastrointestinal Cancer,China,No.2020B121201004.
文摘BACKGROUNDAdvanced gastric tumors are extremely prone to metastasize the in 20%–30% ofgastric cancer, and patients have a poor prognosis despite systemic chemotherapy.Peritoneal metastases from gastric cancer usually indicate the end stageof the disease without curative treatment.AIMTo peritoneal metastasis for facilitating clinical therapy are urgently needed.METHODSImmunohistochemical staining and immunofluorescence staining were used todemonstrate the high expression of cathepsin L (CTSL) in human gastric cancertissues and its localization in cells. Lentivirus transfection was used to construct stable cell lines. Transwell invasion assays, wound healing assays, and animal tests were used to determine therelationships between CTSL and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and tumorigenic potential in vivo.RESULTSWe observed that macrophage-derived CTSL promoted gastric cancer cell migration and metastasis via the EMTpathway in vitro and in vivo, which involved macrophage polarization. Our findings suggest that macrophagesimprove extracellular matrix remodeling and hence facilitate tumor metastasis. Ablation of CTSL in macrophageswithin the tumor microenvironment may improve tumor therapy and the prognosis of patients with gastric cancerperitoneal metastasis.CONCLUSIONIn consideration of our findings, tumor-associated macrophage-derived CTSL is an important factor that promotesthe metastasis and invasion of gastric cancer cells, and the targeting of CTSL may potentially improve the prognosisof patients with gastric cancer with peritoneal metastasis.
基金the grants of National Natural Science Foundation of China(81720108033,81930114)Science and Technology Projects in Guangzhou(202201011393,202102021196)+2 种基金Project of Traditional Chinese Medicine Bureau of Guangdong Province(20211111,20231234)Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province(2020B1111100004)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Reuter Foundation(2020B1515130005).
文摘Worldwide,cancer is a growing epidemic that results in large social and economic burdens.Despite advances in current diagnosis and treatment,most of the prognosis in cancer patients remains poor.It is urgent to find alternative therapies with effective cancer prevention and treatment.Chinese herbal medicines(CHMs)have been increasingly used worldwide for cancer prevention and treatment due to their privileged properties.CHMs are useful in the suppression of various types of cancers through different mechanisms of action.Non-coding RNAs(ncRNAs),including microRNAs,long non-coding RNAs and circular RNAs,are closely involved in the cancer progression and development.Regulation of ncRNAs in tumor cells may be a useful pharmacological strategy for the cancer prevention and treatment.Substantial evidence exists that various phytochemicals from CHMs exert potent anticarcinogenic effects by regulating ncRNAs-related targets and signaling pathways.Herein,the purpose of this paper is to conclude the current understanding of phytochemicals from CHMs in ncRNAs-mediated cancer suppression and the molecular mechanisms.This review will help to provide beneficial clues related to the clinical use of CHMs in the cancer prevention and treatment and further promote new drug discovery against cancer.
文摘At least one third of all newly diagnosed cancers could be prevented if lifestyle factors were changed. The University Cancer Center Dresden initiated two programs aiming at cancer awareness and intentions to engage in health-promoting behavior among children and adolescents. Study 1 examined sun protection knowledge of 80 preschool children in a non-randomized design and Study 2 inspected 235 7th grade students’ knowledge of cancer and its behavioral risk-factors as well as intentions on health-promoting behavior using a randomized pre-post design on group-level. Study 1 showed significant improvement of sun protection knowledge in preschool children (p 0.05). Study 2 was effective in increasing knowledge about risk factors for cancer (p 0.001) and in increasing intentions to engage in health-promoting behavior (p 0.001). Communicating health-related behavior in preschools as well as school-based programs targeting multiple cancer-related risk factors are promising tools for primary prevention of cancer.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82072734.
文摘BACKGROUND Cancer presents a significant public health challenge in China,necessitating broad collaboration across society.The Chinese government has articulated a goal to increase the overall five-year survival rate for cancer by 15%by 2030.Achieving this objective requires not only advances in medical technology,but also an im-provement in the dissemination of knowledge pertaining to cancer prevention and treatment.AIM To provide a comprehensive understanding of the status of cancer prevention and level of popularization in China in 2023.METHODS From January 2023 to May 2023,online questionnaires were distributed to 3000 participants,including medical personnel,patients with cancer,their families,and the general public.There were 2711 valid responses,covering the entire nation.RESULTS A total of 1020 medical personnel and 1691 patients with cancer,their family members,and the general public participated in the survey.Among medical personnel,93.2%had popularized cancer health.Commonly addressed topics included cancer prevention(85.9%)and cancer screening(77.8%).Primary challenges included time constraints(73.9%),insufficient personnel and material support(66.7%),and uncertainty as to where to begin(49.3%).Among patients with cancer,their family members,and the general public,93.4%reported reading or watching cancer science popularization materials and 56.9%expressed a desire for deeper understanding.The most sought-after topics in cancer science popularization included cancer screening(80.2%)and cancer prevention(75.8%).The greatest challenge encountered in accessing cancer health popularization was an abundance of misinformation(67.5%).CONCLUSION Most clinical doctors,patients,family,and the general public wish to participate in cancer education.However,improvement in the quality of content in cancer prevention and treatment education is required.
基金funded by the Chinese Academy of Medical Science Innovation Fund for Medical Science(grant number:2022-I2M-1-0031)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant number:82173606)+1 种基金supported by the Beijing Nova Program of Science and Technology(grant number:20230484397)the Na-tional Natural Science Foundation of China(grant number:82273726).
文摘Background: The incidence of early-onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC), which exhibits differential clinical, patho- logical, and molecular features compared to late-onset CRC (LOCRC), is rising globally. The potential differential effects of blood glucose on EOCRC compared to LOCRC have not been investigated. Methods: This study analyzed 374,568 participants from the UK Biobank cohort and 172,809 participants from the Kailuan cohort. The linear associations between blood glucose and EOCRC/LOCRC were estimated using Cox regression models. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis and non-linear Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis using a 70-SNPs genetic instrument for fasting glucose were used to explore the potential non-linear associations. Results: Participants in the highest quintile of blood glucose had higher overall CRC risk compared to the lowest quintile (HR = 1.10 in the UK Biobank cohort, 95% CI: 1.01-1.21, P -trend = 0.012;HR = 1.23 in the Kailuan cohort, 95% CI: 1.01-1.51, P -trend = 0.036). Elevated glucose ( > 7.0 mmol/L) was more strongly associated with increased risk of EOCRC (HR = 1.61, 95% CI: 1.07-2.44) than with LOCRC (HR = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.02-1.27) in the UK Biobank cohort ( P- heterogeneity = 0.014). Elevated glucose ( > 7.0 mmol/L) was associated with increased risk of LOCRC (HR = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.04-1.65) in the Kailuan cohort as well. There was no evidence for non-linear associations between blood glucose and risks of EOCRC/LOCRC. Conclusions: This study showed a positive association between blood glucose and CRC risk in a dose-response manner, particularly for EOCRC, suggesting that tighter glucose control should be a priority for younger age groups.
文摘This article is a comprehensive study based on research on the connection between diabetes mellitus(DM)and prostate cancer(PCa).It investigates the potential role of DM as an independent risk factor for PCa,delving into the biological links,including insulin resistance and hormonal changes.The paper critically analyzes previous studies that have shown varying results and introduces mendelian randomization as a method for establishing causality.It emphasizes the importance of early DM screening and lifestyle modifications in preventing PCa,and proposes future research directions for further understanding the DM-PCa relationship.
