Objectives:Decades of clinical and fundamental research advancements in oncology have led to significant breakthroughs such as early screening,targeted therapies,and immunotherapy,contributing to reduced mortality rat...Objectives:Decades of clinical and fundamental research advancements in oncology have led to significant breakthroughs such as early screening,targeted therapies,and immunotherapy,contributing to reduced mortality rates in cancer patients.Despite these achievements,cancer continues to be a major public health challenge.This study employs bibliometric techniques to visually analyze the English literature on cancer prevention,screening,diagnosis,treatment,and rehabilitation.Methods:We systematically reviewed publications from 01 March 2014,to 01 March 2024,indexed in the Web of Science core collection.Tools such as VOSviewer Version 1.6.20 is characterized by its core idea of co-occurrence clustering.CiteSpace 6.3.R3 is distinguished by its powerful capabilities in bibliometric analysis,including co-citation analysis,co-occurrence analysis of keywords,author collaboration network analysis,and journal co-citation analysis,providing effective insights into research hotspots and detecting emerging trends.Bibliometrix version 3.0.3 offers rich visualization features,including collaboration network diagrams,citation distribution graphs,and keyword clouds.facilitated the analysis of the literature,helping to map out the current research landscape,identify pressing issues,and discern emerging trends,thus offering insights for future research directions.Results:The analysis revealed that major research hotspots include lung and breast cancer.Attention is predominantly concentrated on cancer treatment,subdivided into targeted therapy,immunotherapy,traditional Chinese medicine,and the development of new anticancer drugs.Significant terms identified in the study include immune checkpoint inhibitors,tumor microenvironment,and cancer stem cells.Conclusion:This bibliometric analysis highlights the evolving directions in oncology research,pinpointing nanotherapy,resistance to targeted therapies,and the integration of artificial intelligence as pivotal future research avenues in the prevention,screening,diagnosis,treatment,and rehabilitation of cancer.展开更多
Colorectal cancer(CRC)is a leading cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality globally,and its management in the emergency setting presents distinct challenges.In addition to its advantages in elective CRC surger...Colorectal cancer(CRC)is a leading cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality globally,and its management in the emergency setting presents distinct challenges.In addition to its advantages in elective CRC surgery,studies have demonstrated that minimally invasive surgery(MIS)can provide benefits in CRC emergencies,such as reduced morbidity and a shorter length of hospitalization.However,the applicability of MIS in the emergency setting is limited by factors such as compromised patient physiology,resource constraints,and the need for technical expertise.As an alternative to emergency MIS,endoscopic interventions have also been increasingly supported by emerging evidence as a bridge to surgery.This article appraises contemporary guidelines and the evidence behind their recommendations for MIS surgery in CRC emergencies,whilst highlighting the challenges to implementation and the strategies to overcome them.展开更多
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer is a major global health concern,often diagnosed at advanced stages,leading to poor prognosis.Proximal and distal gastric cancers exhibit distinct clinicopathological features.AIM To investig...BACKGROUND Gastric cancer is a major global health concern,often diagnosed at advanced stages,leading to poor prognosis.Proximal and distal gastric cancers exhibit distinct clinicopathological features.AIM To investigate the diagnostic value of hematological and inflammatory markers in differentiating proximal and distal gastric cancers and to evaluate their association with clinical outcomes.METHODS A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 150 patients diagnosed with gastric adenocarcinoma through histopathological analysis.Patients were categorized into proximal gastric cancer and distal gastric cancer groups.Laboratory parameters were analyzed.RESULTS Of the 150 patients,84 had proximal gastric cancer and 66 had distal gastric cancer.Dysphagia was significantly more common in the proximal gastric cancer group,while anemia and higher platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio values were observed in the distal gastric cancer group(P=0.031).Tumor stage and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio emerged as independent predictors of all-cause mortality.No significant differences were found in other laboratory or biochemical parameters between the groups.CONCLUSION Proximal and distal gastric cancers demonstrate distinct clinical and laboratory profiles.The platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio may serve as a valuable marker in differentiating cancer localization,while the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio is a prognostic indicator for mortality.These findings highlight the potential of hematological markers in optimizing diagnosis and treatment strategies for gastric cancer.展开更多
BACKGROUND The combination of anti-epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)therapy and chemotherapy is currently a preferred first-line treatment for patients with unre-sectable,RAS and BRAF wild-type,left-sided metasta...BACKGROUND The combination of anti-epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)therapy and chemotherapy is currently a preferred first-line treatment for patients with unre-sectable,RAS and BRAF wild-type,left-sided metastatic colorectal cancer(mCRC).Several studies have also demonstrated the benefit of anti-EGFR therapy in sub-sequent line settings for this patient population.However,direct evidence com-paring the effectiveness of frontline vs subsequent anti-EGFR therapy remains limited,leaving a crucial gap in guiding optimal treatment strategies.AIM To compare overall survival(OS)between frontline and subsequent anti-EGFR treatment in patients with unresectable,RAS and BRAF wild-type,left-sided mCRC.METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of mCRC patients treated at The King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital and Songklanagarind Hospital,Thailand,between January 2013 and April 2023.Patients were classified into two groups based on the sequence of their anti-EGFR treatment.The primary endpoint was OS.RESULTS Among 222 patients with a median follow-up of 29 months,no significant difference in OS was observed between the frontline and subsequent-line groups(HR 1.03,95%CI:0.73-1.46,P=0.878).The median OS was 35.53 months(95%CI:26.59-44.47)for the frontline group and 31.60 months(95%CI:27.83-35.37)for the subsequent-line group.In the subsequent-line group,71 patients(32.4%)who ultimately never received anti-EGFR therapy had a significantly worse median OS of 19.70 months(95%CI:12.87-26.53).CONCLUSION Frontline and subsequent-line anti-EGFR treatments provide comparable OS in unresectable,RAS/BRAF wild-type,left-sided mCRC patients,but early exposure is vital for those unlikely to receive subsequent therapy.展开更多
BACKGROUND Tumors characterized by high cellular stemness often have unfavorable clinical outcomes,primarily due to their heightened potential for metastasis and resistance to chemotherapy.Among the model genes,the cl...BACKGROUND Tumors characterized by high cellular stemness often have unfavorable clinical outcomes,primarily due to their heightened potential for metastasis and resistance to chemotherapy.Among the model genes,the clinical relevance and prognostic significance of Niemann-Pick type C2(NPC2)in gastric cancer(GC)remained largely unexplored.AIM To identify stemness-associated genes in GC.METHODS In this study,epithelial cells were categorized as either tumor or normal epithelial cells using the infer copy number variation method.Stemness scores were calculated for both cell types.The hierarchical Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis identified two gene modules with the strongest association with stemness.Prognostically significant stemness-related genes were pinpointed using univariate Cox regression based on The Cancer Genome Atlas dataset.A predictive model related to stemness was constructed using Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator regression followed by multivariate Cox analysis.RESULTS Functional roles of NPC2 were validated using single-cell and bulk RNA sequencing data.Further experimental validation revealed that elevated NPC2 expression promoted tumor cell stemness,invasiveness,migratory ability,and resistance to standard chemotherapeutic agents.Importantly,high NPC2 expression correlated with poorer overall survival in GC patients.CONCLUSION In summary,the proposed model offers prognostic insights that outperform traditional clinical staging and may inform more tailored therapeutic approaches for gastric cancer management.展开更多
Background While China’s socioeconomic transformation has driven divergent trends in gastrointestinal cancers,comprehensive data on esophageal,gastric,and liver cancer burden remain limited.This study examines the gl...Background While China’s socioeconomic transformation has driven divergent trends in gastrointestinal cancers,comprehensive data on esophageal,gastric,and liver cancer burden remain limited.This study examines the global burden of esophageal,gastric,and liver cancers in 2022 and analyzes the trends of age-standardized incidence and mortality rate(ASRs)in China from 2000 to 2018,thereby providing evidence for the formulation of cancer control strategies.Methods The global burden of esophageal,gastric and liver cancers including the estimated number of cases and deaths and the ASRs for incidence and mortality were from GLOBALCAN 2022 dataset.Data from 22 cancer registries in China were employed for the trend analysis of the ASRs for incidence and mortality of these three cancers.The Joinpoint model was used to compute the average annual percentage change(AAPC)of the incidence and mortality of the three cancers from 2000 to 2018.Results Globally,esophageal,gastric and liver cancers accounted for 11.8%of incident cancer cases and 19.1%of cancer deaths.China bore a disproportionately high burden,representing 43.8%,37.0%,and 42.4%of global esophageal,gastric,and liver cancer cases respectively,and 42.1%,39.4%,and 41.7%of corresponding deaths.However,the ASRs for incidence and mortality for all three cancers declined significantly in China(2000–2018),with absolute case numbers decreasing for gastric and esophageal cancers during 2010–2022.Age-specific analysis revealed most pronounced declines in incidence and mortality in populations under 40 years old,with AAPCs of less than–6.0%for esophageal cancer,around–4.0%for gastric cancer,and approximately–2.0%for liver cancer.Conclusions China has achieved remarkable progress in controlling esophageal,gastric and liver cancers,yet these malignancies remain major public health challenges.Future efforts should intensify existing prevention measures while expanding screening programs,particularly for aging populations.These findings offer valuable insights for regions undergoing similar epidemiological transitions.展开更多
Upper gastrointestinal cancers,mainly comprising esophageal and gastric cancers,are among the most prevalent cancers worldwide.There are many new cases of upper gastrointestinal cancers annually,and the survival rate ...Upper gastrointestinal cancers,mainly comprising esophageal and gastric cancers,are among the most prevalent cancers worldwide.There are many new cases of upper gastrointestinal cancers annually,and the survival rate tends to be low.Therefore,timely screening,precise diagnosis,appropriate treatment strategies,and effective prognosis are crucial for patients with upper gastrointestinal cancers.In recent years,an increasing number of studies suggest that artificial intelligence(AI)technology can effectively address clinical tasks related to upper gastrointestinal cancers.These studies mainly focus on four aspects:screening,diagnosis,treatment,and progno-sis.In this review,we focus on the application of AI technology in clinical tasks related to upper gastrointestinal cancers.Firstly,the basic application pipelines of radiomics and deep learning in medical image analysis were introduced.Furthermore,we separately reviewed the application of AI technology in the aforementioned aspects for both esophageal and gastric cancers.Finally,the current limitations and challenges faced in the field of upper gastrointestinal cancers were summarized,and explorations were conducted on the selection of AI algorithms in various scenarios,the popularization of early screening,the clinical applications of AI,and large multimodal models.展开更多
Peripheral immunity forms the foundation of tumor immunity,while tumor immunity represents a more refined adaptation of peripheral immune responses.The tumor microenvironment(TME),a localized niche surrounding tumor c...Peripheral immunity forms the foundation of tumor immunity,while tumor immunity represents a more refined adaptation of peripheral immune responses.The tumor microenvironment(TME),a localized niche surrounding tumor cells,is inherently immunosuppressive(1,2).Effective tumor therapy necessitates the dismantling of this microenvironment,aiming to eradicate tumors from the host system.展开更多
BACKGROUND The first wave of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic in Spain lasted from middle March to the end of June 2020.Spanish population was subjected to lockdown periods and scheduled surgeries were disco...BACKGROUND The first wave of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic in Spain lasted from middle March to the end of June 2020.Spanish population was subjected to lockdown periods and scheduled surgeries were discontinued or reduced during variable periods.In our centre,we managed patients previously and newly diagnosed with cancer.We established a strategy based on limiting perioperative social contacts,preoperative screening(symptoms and reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction)and creating separated in-hospital COVID-19-free pathways for non-infected patients.We also adopted some practice modifications(surgery in different facilities,changes in staff and guidelines,using continuously changing personal protective equipment…),that supposed new inconveniences.AIM To analyse cancer patients with a decision for surgery managed during the first wave,focalizing on outcomes and pandemic-related modifications.METHODS We prospectively included adults with a confirmed diagnosis of colorectal,oesophago-gastric,liver-pancreatic or breast cancer with a decision for surgery,regardless of whether they ultimately underwent surgery.We analysed short-term outcomes[30-d postoperative morbimortality and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)infection]and outcomes after 3 years(adjuvant therapies,oncological events,death,SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination).We also investigated modifications to usual practice.RESULTS From 96 included patients,seven didn’t receive treatment that period and four never(3 due to COVID-19).Operated patients:28 colon and 21 rectal cancers;laparoscopy 53.6%/90.0%,mortality 3.57%/0%,major complications 7.04%/25.00%,anastomotic leaks 0%/5.00%,3-years disease-free survival(DFS)82.14%/52.4%and overall survival(OS)78.57%/76.2%.Six liver metastases and six pancreatic cancers:no mortality,one major complication,three grade A/B liver failures,one bile leak;3-year DFS 0%/33.3%and OS 50.0%/33.3%(liver metastases/pancreatic carcinoma).5 gastric and 2 oesophageal tumours:mortality 0%/50%,major complications 0%/100%,anastomotic leaks 0%/100%,3-year DFS and OS 66.67%(gastric carcinoma)and 0%(oesophagus).Twenty breast cancer without deaths/major complications;3-year OS 100%and DFS 85%.Nobody contracted SARS-CoV-2 postoperatively.COVID-19 pandemic–related changes:78.2%treated in alternative buildings,43.8%waited more than 4 weeks,two additional colostomies and fewer laparoscopies.CONCLUSION Some patients lost curative-intent surgery due to COVID-19 pandemic.Despite practice modifications and 43.8%delays higher than 4 weeks,surgery was resumed with minimal changes without impacting outcomes.Clean pathways are essential to continue surgery safely.展开更多
Objective:Previous studies have demonstrated that the metals cadmium and arsenic exhibit estrogen-like effects and may influence the occurrence and development of gynecological tumors.This study aims to explore the as...Objective:Previous studies have demonstrated that the metals cadmium and arsenic exhibit estrogen-like effects and may influence the occurrence and development of gynecological tumors.This study aims to explore the association between urinary cadmium and arsenic levels and the prevalence of gynecologic cancers using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(NHANES).Methods:Data from female participants in NHANES 2003—2018 were analyzed.Using R software,datasets(DEMO,BMX,etc.)were merged,and complete cases were retained by intersecting row names,yielding a total of 2999 participants.After applying strict exclusion criteria,2802 participants were included:83 with gynecologic cancer(cancer group)and 2719 without(control group).Demographic,reproductive health,and urinary cadmium and arsenic data were collected.Binary Logistic regression models were employed to assess associations between urinary cadmium and arsenic levels and gynecologic cancer risk.Results:High urinary cadmium and arsenic levels were risk factors for gynecologic cancers,with odds ratios(ORs)of 1.623(95%CI 1.217 to 2.166)and 1.003(95%CI 1.001 to 1.005),respectively.After propensity score matching(PSM),the trend remained;cadmium was still a statistically significant risk factor with an OR of 2.182(95%CI 1.343 to 3.545),while arsenic’s association,though not statistically significant,still trended toward risk(OR=1.004,95%CI 0.999 to 1.009).Subgroup analyses showed that both cadmium and arsenic were risk factors for ovarian cancer(OR=1.745,95%CI 1.178 to 2.586 and OR=1.005,95%CI 1.002 to 1.008,respectively);these associations persisted after PSM.Additionally,cadmium increased the risk of endometrial cancer(OR=1.617,95%CI 1.109 to 2.356).Conclusion:Exposure to cadmium and arsenic is associated with an increased risk of ovarian and endometrial cancers.These findings suggest that reducing environmental exposure to heavy metals such as cadmium and arsenic may help prevent certain gynecologic cancers.展开更多
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer(CRC)ranks high among the most common types of malignant tumors.The primary cause of cancer-related mortality is metastasis,with lung metastases accounting for 32.9%of all cases of metastat...BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer(CRC)ranks high among the most common types of malignant tumors.The primary cause of cancer-related mortality is metastasis,with lung metastases accounting for 32.9%of all cases of metastatic CRC(MCRC).However,cases of MCRC in the lungs,which present concurrently with primary peripheral lung adenocarcinoma,are exceptionally rare.CASE SUMMARY This report describes the case of a 52-year-old female patient who,following a colonoscopy,was diagnosed with moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma based on rectal mucosal biopsy findings.A preoperative chest computed tomography scan revealed a ground-glass nodule in the right lung and a small nodule(approximately 0.6 cm in diameter)in the extramural basal segment of the left lower lobe,which suggested multiple lung metastases from rectal cancer.Subsequent treatment and follow-up led to a diagnosis of rectal cancer with left lung metastasis and peripheral adenocarcinoma of the lower lobe of the right lung.CONCLUSION This case report describes the therapeutic journey of a patient with lung metastasis from rectal cancer in addition to primary peripheral adenocarcinoma,thus underscoring the critical roles of multidisciplinary collaboration,personalized treatment strategies,and comprehensive patient rehabilitation guidance.展开更多
Gastric cancer(GC)is one of the most aggressive malignancies worldwide and is characterized by its poor prognosis and resistance to conventional therapies.Autophagy and long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs)play critical yet c...Gastric cancer(GC)is one of the most aggressive malignancies worldwide and is characterized by its poor prognosis and resistance to conventional therapies.Autophagy and long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs)play critical yet complex roles in GC,functioning as both tumor suppressors and promoters depending on the disease stage and context.Autophagy influences cellular homeostasis and metabolism,whereas lncRNAs regulate gene expression through epigenetic modifications,RNA sponging,and protein interactions.Notably,the interplay between lncRNAs and autophagy modulates tumor progression,metastasis,chemoresistance,and the tumor microenvironment.This study explored the intricate relationship between lncRNAs and autophagy in GC,highlighting their roles in pathogenesis and treatment resistance.By addressing current knowledge gaps and proposing innovative therapeutic strategies,we have emphasized the potential of targeting this dynamic interplay for improved diagnostic and therapeutic outcomes.展开更多
Gastric cancer(GC)remains a major global health challenge,because of its poor prognosis and limited treatment options in advanced stages1,2.Recent advancements in immunotherapy,highlighted by the findings of the CHECK...Gastric cancer(GC)remains a major global health challenge,because of its poor prognosis and limited treatment options in advanced stages1,2.Recent advancements in immunotherapy,highlighted by the findings of the CHECKMATE-649,ORIENT-16,and KEYNOTE-859 trials,have markedly transformed the treatment paradigm for advanced gastric cancer(AGC)3-5.展开更多
BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal cancers are among the most commonly diagnosed cancers globally.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)offers distinct advantages in preventing and treating these cancers.AIM To investigate the me...BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal cancers are among the most commonly diagnosed cancers globally.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)offers distinct advantages in preventing and treating these cancers.AIM To investigate the metabolic basis of a common TCM syndrome in gastrointestinal cancers,exploring underlying metabolic mechanisms and identifying potential METHODS Thirty healthy controls(normal group),30 patients with gastric cancer(GC),and 30 patients with colorectal cancer(CRC)were enrolled in 2023.Plasma metabolic profiles were detected using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry,and pathway enrichment analysis was conducted using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes.RESULTS Metabolic profiling revealed distinct alterations in gastrointestinal cancers.CRC samples exhibited 455 differentially expressed metabolites(234 upregulated and 221 downregulated).Similarly,GC samples exhibited 459 differentially expressed metabolites(251 upregulated and 208 downregulated).Additionally,352 shared metabolites were identified among gastrointestinal cancers.Enrichment analysis highlighted the involvement of these shared metabolites in 10 metabolic pathways.CONCLUSION To some extent,this study revealed the metabolomic characteristics of spleen deficiency and blood stasis toxin(PXYD)syndrome in gastrointestinal cancers.It provides the rationale for the"same treatment for different diseases"approach in PXYD syndrome of gastrointestinal cancers,and for identifying potential metabolomicsbased biomarkers.展开更多
Gallbladder cancer is an aggressive malignancy notorious for its poor prognosis and treatment challenges,even at early stages.In their recent work,Kim et al utilized data from the National Cancer Database to explore w...Gallbladder cancer is an aggressive malignancy notorious for its poor prognosis and treatment challenges,even at early stages.In their recent work,Kim et al utilized data from the National Cancer Database to explore whether adding chemotherapy to surgical intervention could improve survival outcomes for patients diagnosed with stage II gallbladder cancer.The use of adjuvant chemotherapy following curative surgery in this patient population has been a longstanding source of debate.Historically,the lack of clear guidelines for managing stage II gallbladder cancer has resulted in inconsistent,sometimes contradictory findings from various studies regarding the effectiveness of postoperative chemotherapy.Consequently,many clinicians have relied on studies involving other biliary tract cancers to justify the routine use of prophylactic chemotherapy after surgery,aiming to minimize recurrence risk.Given the rarity,high mortality rate,and the small sample sizes typical in gallbladder cancer studies,Kim et al’s contribution represents a significant and commendable effort to address these challenges.Kim et al designed a retrospective cohort study with well-defined inclusion criteria and clear treatment classifications.Notably,their findings suggested that in stage II gallbladder cancer,adjuvant chemotherapy did not yield a meaningful survival benefit over surgery alone.These results therefore casted doubt on the routine practice of administering chemotherapy to all patients postoperatively,prompted clinicians to reconsider their approach.Furthermore,this controversy directly influences clinical decisionmaking and guideline recommendations,as uncertainty regarding the benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy may lead to heterogeneous practices across different institutions and regions.This article critically assessed the research design,methodology,and clinical implications of the study by Kim et al.It also provided an in-depth exploration of the broader question regarding the appropriateness of adjuvant chemotherapy following surgery for stage II gallbladder cancer,highlighting the necessity of rigorous study designs to produce reliable evidence.展开更多
Cancer remains one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide,with its complex etiology and heterogeneous progression posing persistent challenges to early diagnosis and effective treatment.In this special issue,we ...Cancer remains one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide,with its complex etiology and heterogeneous progression posing persistent challenges to early diagnosis and effective treatment.In this special issue,we present a collection of studies that delve into the molecular mechanisms,therapeutic resistance,and novel treatment strategies across multiple cancer types,including lung,breast,stomach,and liver cancers.These studies not only advance our understanding of tumor biology but also provide translational insights with potentially significant clinical implications.展开更多
As the 30th anniversary of the landmark Beijing Fourth World Conference on Women approaches,the forthcoming 2025 World Women's Summit in Beijing offers a timely platform to reaffirm commitments to women's well...As the 30th anniversary of the landmark Beijing Fourth World Conference on Women approaches,the forthcoming 2025 World Women's Summit in Beijing offers a timely platform to reaffirm commitments to women's well-being worldwide.In alignment with this milestone,Cancer Biology&Medicine is proud to present this special issue dedicated to accelerating the global elimination of cervical cancer.展开更多
Post-colonoscopic colorectal cancer(PCCRC),also known as interval CRC,is defined as CRC diagnosed more than six months after a colonoscopy in which no cancer was detected.It typically arises from missed lesions or inc...Post-colonoscopic colorectal cancer(PCCRC),also known as interval CRC,is defined as CRC diagnosed more than six months after a colonoscopy in which no cancer was detected.It typically arises from missed lesions or incomplete resections and is now recognized as one of the most reliable quality indicators for assessing colonoscopy performance.With an incidence rate of 3.6%to 9.3%,PCCRC remains a significant concern,highlighting the limitations of colonoscopy in CRC screening—not only in terms of diagnostic accuracy but also in its preventive role and effectiveness in treating lesions.A range of clinical,endoscopic,and biological factors has been associated with an increased risk of PCCRC.Identifying these factors can help stratify high-risk patients,enabling earlier detection and improving preventive strategies for interval CRC.Reducing PCCRC should be a top priority for every endoscopy unit.While technological advancements will enhance polyp detection,minimize missed lesions,prevent incomplete resections,and improve overall procedural quality,the most impactful strategy remains internal self-assessment within each unit.This review should evaluate key performance metrics,including cecal intubation rate,adenoma detection rate,withdrawal time,PCCRC incidence,and incomplete resections—both at the individual endoscopist level and across the entire unit.展开更多
Endometrial cancer is the most common gynecologic cancer diagnosed in the United States and mortality is on the rise.Advanced and recurrent endometrial cancer represents a treatment challenge as historically there hav...Endometrial cancer is the most common gynecologic cancer diagnosed in the United States and mortality is on the rise.Advanced and recurrent endometrial cancer represents a treatment challenge as historically there have been limited therapeutic options for patients.In the last several years,multiple practice-changing clinical trials have led to significant improvements in the treatment landscape.This review will cover updates in the treatment and management of advanced and recurrent endometrial cancer with a focus on novel therapeutics,such as anti-PD-L1 and PD-1 inhibitors,poly ADP-ribose polymerase(PARP)inhibitors,antibody-drug conjugates,and hormonal therapy.展开更多
Breast cancer cells manipulate a key nutrient to both fuel growth and disable immune defenses-a dual strategy revealed by Chinese scientists.Researchers from the Hangzhou Institute of Medicine(HIM)of the Chinese Acade...Breast cancer cells manipulate a key nutrient to both fuel growth and disable immune defenses-a dual strategy revealed by Chinese scientists.Researchers from the Hangzhou Institute of Medicine(HIM)of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Sun Yat-Sen University discovered that tumors exploit the amino acid arginine to rewire immune cells into cancer allies.展开更多
基金supported by the grants from the Scientific and Technological Innovation Project of Information Traditional Chinese Medicine,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences(No.CI2021 B002).
文摘Objectives:Decades of clinical and fundamental research advancements in oncology have led to significant breakthroughs such as early screening,targeted therapies,and immunotherapy,contributing to reduced mortality rates in cancer patients.Despite these achievements,cancer continues to be a major public health challenge.This study employs bibliometric techniques to visually analyze the English literature on cancer prevention,screening,diagnosis,treatment,and rehabilitation.Methods:We systematically reviewed publications from 01 March 2014,to 01 March 2024,indexed in the Web of Science core collection.Tools such as VOSviewer Version 1.6.20 is characterized by its core idea of co-occurrence clustering.CiteSpace 6.3.R3 is distinguished by its powerful capabilities in bibliometric analysis,including co-citation analysis,co-occurrence analysis of keywords,author collaboration network analysis,and journal co-citation analysis,providing effective insights into research hotspots and detecting emerging trends.Bibliometrix version 3.0.3 offers rich visualization features,including collaboration network diagrams,citation distribution graphs,and keyword clouds.facilitated the analysis of the literature,helping to map out the current research landscape,identify pressing issues,and discern emerging trends,thus offering insights for future research directions.Results:The analysis revealed that major research hotspots include lung and breast cancer.Attention is predominantly concentrated on cancer treatment,subdivided into targeted therapy,immunotherapy,traditional Chinese medicine,and the development of new anticancer drugs.Significant terms identified in the study include immune checkpoint inhibitors,tumor microenvironment,and cancer stem cells.Conclusion:This bibliometric analysis highlights the evolving directions in oncology research,pinpointing nanotherapy,resistance to targeted therapies,and the integration of artificial intelligence as pivotal future research avenues in the prevention,screening,diagnosis,treatment,and rehabilitation of cancer.
文摘Colorectal cancer(CRC)is a leading cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality globally,and its management in the emergency setting presents distinct challenges.In addition to its advantages in elective CRC surgery,studies have demonstrated that minimally invasive surgery(MIS)can provide benefits in CRC emergencies,such as reduced morbidity and a shorter length of hospitalization.However,the applicability of MIS in the emergency setting is limited by factors such as compromised patient physiology,resource constraints,and the need for technical expertise.As an alternative to emergency MIS,endoscopic interventions have also been increasingly supported by emerging evidence as a bridge to surgery.This article appraises contemporary guidelines and the evidence behind their recommendations for MIS surgery in CRC emergencies,whilst highlighting the challenges to implementation and the strategies to overcome them.
基金This study was approved by the Agrı Training and Research Hospital Scientific Research Ethics Committee(No.E-95531838-050.99-86900)conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.
文摘BACKGROUND Gastric cancer is a major global health concern,often diagnosed at advanced stages,leading to poor prognosis.Proximal and distal gastric cancers exhibit distinct clinicopathological features.AIM To investigate the diagnostic value of hematological and inflammatory markers in differentiating proximal and distal gastric cancers and to evaluate their association with clinical outcomes.METHODS A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 150 patients diagnosed with gastric adenocarcinoma through histopathological analysis.Patients were categorized into proximal gastric cancer and distal gastric cancer groups.Laboratory parameters were analyzed.RESULTS Of the 150 patients,84 had proximal gastric cancer and 66 had distal gastric cancer.Dysphagia was significantly more common in the proximal gastric cancer group,while anemia and higher platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio values were observed in the distal gastric cancer group(P=0.031).Tumor stage and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio emerged as independent predictors of all-cause mortality.No significant differences were found in other laboratory or biochemical parameters between the groups.CONCLUSION Proximal and distal gastric cancers demonstrate distinct clinical and laboratory profiles.The platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio may serve as a valuable marker in differentiating cancer localization,while the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio is a prognostic indicator for mortality.These findings highlight the potential of hematological markers in optimizing diagnosis and treatment strategies for gastric cancer.
文摘BACKGROUND The combination of anti-epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)therapy and chemotherapy is currently a preferred first-line treatment for patients with unre-sectable,RAS and BRAF wild-type,left-sided metastatic colorectal cancer(mCRC).Several studies have also demonstrated the benefit of anti-EGFR therapy in sub-sequent line settings for this patient population.However,direct evidence com-paring the effectiveness of frontline vs subsequent anti-EGFR therapy remains limited,leaving a crucial gap in guiding optimal treatment strategies.AIM To compare overall survival(OS)between frontline and subsequent anti-EGFR treatment in patients with unresectable,RAS and BRAF wild-type,left-sided mCRC.METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of mCRC patients treated at The King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital and Songklanagarind Hospital,Thailand,between January 2013 and April 2023.Patients were classified into two groups based on the sequence of their anti-EGFR treatment.The primary endpoint was OS.RESULTS Among 222 patients with a median follow-up of 29 months,no significant difference in OS was observed between the frontline and subsequent-line groups(HR 1.03,95%CI:0.73-1.46,P=0.878).The median OS was 35.53 months(95%CI:26.59-44.47)for the frontline group and 31.60 months(95%CI:27.83-35.37)for the subsequent-line group.In the subsequent-line group,71 patients(32.4%)who ultimately never received anti-EGFR therapy had a significantly worse median OS of 19.70 months(95%CI:12.87-26.53).CONCLUSION Frontline and subsequent-line anti-EGFR treatments provide comparable OS in unresectable,RAS/BRAF wild-type,left-sided mCRC patients,but early exposure is vital for those unlikely to receive subsequent therapy.
文摘BACKGROUND Tumors characterized by high cellular stemness often have unfavorable clinical outcomes,primarily due to their heightened potential for metastasis and resistance to chemotherapy.Among the model genes,the clinical relevance and prognostic significance of Niemann-Pick type C2(NPC2)in gastric cancer(GC)remained largely unexplored.AIM To identify stemness-associated genes in GC.METHODS In this study,epithelial cells were categorized as either tumor or normal epithelial cells using the infer copy number variation method.Stemness scores were calculated for both cell types.The hierarchical Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis identified two gene modules with the strongest association with stemness.Prognostically significant stemness-related genes were pinpointed using univariate Cox regression based on The Cancer Genome Atlas dataset.A predictive model related to stemness was constructed using Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator regression followed by multivariate Cox analysis.RESULTS Functional roles of NPC2 were validated using single-cell and bulk RNA sequencing data.Further experimental validation revealed that elevated NPC2 expression promoted tumor cell stemness,invasiveness,migratory ability,and resistance to standard chemotherapeutic agents.Importantly,high NPC2 expression correlated with poorer overall survival in GC patients.CONCLUSION In summary,the proposed model offers prognostic insights that outperform traditional clinical staging and may inform more tailored therapeutic approaches for gastric cancer management.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant numbers:82273721,82304220)Cooperation Fund of CHCAMS and SZCH(grant number:CFA202201003).
文摘Background While China’s socioeconomic transformation has driven divergent trends in gastrointestinal cancers,comprehensive data on esophageal,gastric,and liver cancer burden remain limited.This study examines the global burden of esophageal,gastric,and liver cancers in 2022 and analyzes the trends of age-standardized incidence and mortality rate(ASRs)in China from 2000 to 2018,thereby providing evidence for the formulation of cancer control strategies.Methods The global burden of esophageal,gastric and liver cancers including the estimated number of cases and deaths and the ASRs for incidence and mortality were from GLOBALCAN 2022 dataset.Data from 22 cancer registries in China were employed for the trend analysis of the ASRs for incidence and mortality of these three cancers.The Joinpoint model was used to compute the average annual percentage change(AAPC)of the incidence and mortality of the three cancers from 2000 to 2018.Results Globally,esophageal,gastric and liver cancers accounted for 11.8%of incident cancer cases and 19.1%of cancer deaths.China bore a disproportionately high burden,representing 43.8%,37.0%,and 42.4%of global esophageal,gastric,and liver cancer cases respectively,and 42.1%,39.4%,and 41.7%of corresponding deaths.However,the ASRs for incidence and mortality for all three cancers declined significantly in China(2000–2018),with absolute case numbers decreasing for gastric and esophageal cancers during 2010–2022.Age-specific analysis revealed most pronounced declines in incidence and mortality in populations under 40 years old,with AAPCs of less than–6.0%for esophageal cancer,around–4.0%for gastric cancer,and approximately–2.0%for liver cancer.Conclusions China has achieved remarkable progress in controlling esophageal,gastric and liver cancers,yet these malignancies remain major public health challenges.Future efforts should intensify existing prevention measures while expanding screening programs,particularly for aging populations.These findings offer valuable insights for regions undergoing similar epidemiological transitions.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(grant number:2023YFC2415200)National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant numbers:82361168664,U24A20759,82441018,82372053,92259302,62027901,82302296)+6 种基金Science and Technology Development Fund of Macao Special Administrative Region(grant number:0006/2023/AFJ)Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(grant number:XDB38040200)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(grant numbers:Z20J00105,JQ24048)Scientific and Technological Innovation Project of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences(grant number:CI2023C008YG)Key-Area Re-search and Development Program of Guangdong Province(grant number:2021B0101420005)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS(grant number:Y2021049)China Postdoctoral Science Foun-dation under Grant(grant number:2022M720357)。
文摘Upper gastrointestinal cancers,mainly comprising esophageal and gastric cancers,are among the most prevalent cancers worldwide.There are many new cases of upper gastrointestinal cancers annually,and the survival rate tends to be low.Therefore,timely screening,precise diagnosis,appropriate treatment strategies,and effective prognosis are crucial for patients with upper gastrointestinal cancers.In recent years,an increasing number of studies suggest that artificial intelligence(AI)technology can effectively address clinical tasks related to upper gastrointestinal cancers.These studies mainly focus on four aspects:screening,diagnosis,treatment,and progno-sis.In this review,we focus on the application of AI technology in clinical tasks related to upper gastrointestinal cancers.Firstly,the basic application pipelines of radiomics and deep learning in medical image analysis were introduced.Furthermore,we separately reviewed the application of AI technology in the aforementioned aspects for both esophageal and gastric cancers.Finally,the current limitations and challenges faced in the field of upper gastrointestinal cancers were summarized,and explorations were conducted on the selection of AI algorithms in various scenarios,the popularization of early screening,the clinical applications of AI,and large multimodal models.
文摘Peripheral immunity forms the foundation of tumor immunity,while tumor immunity represents a more refined adaptation of peripheral immune responses.The tumor microenvironment(TME),a localized niche surrounding tumor cells,is inherently immunosuppressive(1,2).Effective tumor therapy necessitates the dismantling of this microenvironment,aiming to eradicate tumors from the host system.
文摘BACKGROUND The first wave of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic in Spain lasted from middle March to the end of June 2020.Spanish population was subjected to lockdown periods and scheduled surgeries were discontinued or reduced during variable periods.In our centre,we managed patients previously and newly diagnosed with cancer.We established a strategy based on limiting perioperative social contacts,preoperative screening(symptoms and reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction)and creating separated in-hospital COVID-19-free pathways for non-infected patients.We also adopted some practice modifications(surgery in different facilities,changes in staff and guidelines,using continuously changing personal protective equipment…),that supposed new inconveniences.AIM To analyse cancer patients with a decision for surgery managed during the first wave,focalizing on outcomes and pandemic-related modifications.METHODS We prospectively included adults with a confirmed diagnosis of colorectal,oesophago-gastric,liver-pancreatic or breast cancer with a decision for surgery,regardless of whether they ultimately underwent surgery.We analysed short-term outcomes[30-d postoperative morbimortality and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)infection]and outcomes after 3 years(adjuvant therapies,oncological events,death,SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination).We also investigated modifications to usual practice.RESULTS From 96 included patients,seven didn’t receive treatment that period and four never(3 due to COVID-19).Operated patients:28 colon and 21 rectal cancers;laparoscopy 53.6%/90.0%,mortality 3.57%/0%,major complications 7.04%/25.00%,anastomotic leaks 0%/5.00%,3-years disease-free survival(DFS)82.14%/52.4%and overall survival(OS)78.57%/76.2%.Six liver metastases and six pancreatic cancers:no mortality,one major complication,three grade A/B liver failures,one bile leak;3-year DFS 0%/33.3%and OS 50.0%/33.3%(liver metastases/pancreatic carcinoma).5 gastric and 2 oesophageal tumours:mortality 0%/50%,major complications 0%/100%,anastomotic leaks 0%/100%,3-year DFS and OS 66.67%(gastric carcinoma)and 0%(oesophagus).Twenty breast cancer without deaths/major complications;3-year OS 100%and DFS 85%.Nobody contracted SARS-CoV-2 postoperatively.COVID-19 pandemic–related changes:78.2%treated in alternative buildings,43.8%waited more than 4 weeks,two additional colostomies and fewer laparoscopies.CONCLUSION Some patients lost curative-intent surgery due to COVID-19 pandemic.Despite practice modifications and 43.8%delays higher than 4 weeks,surgery was resumed with minimal changes without impacting outcomes.Clean pathways are essential to continue surgery safely.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province,China(2020SK2073).
文摘Objective:Previous studies have demonstrated that the metals cadmium and arsenic exhibit estrogen-like effects and may influence the occurrence and development of gynecological tumors.This study aims to explore the association between urinary cadmium and arsenic levels and the prevalence of gynecologic cancers using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(NHANES).Methods:Data from female participants in NHANES 2003—2018 were analyzed.Using R software,datasets(DEMO,BMX,etc.)were merged,and complete cases were retained by intersecting row names,yielding a total of 2999 participants.After applying strict exclusion criteria,2802 participants were included:83 with gynecologic cancer(cancer group)and 2719 without(control group).Demographic,reproductive health,and urinary cadmium and arsenic data were collected.Binary Logistic regression models were employed to assess associations between urinary cadmium and arsenic levels and gynecologic cancer risk.Results:High urinary cadmium and arsenic levels were risk factors for gynecologic cancers,with odds ratios(ORs)of 1.623(95%CI 1.217 to 2.166)and 1.003(95%CI 1.001 to 1.005),respectively.After propensity score matching(PSM),the trend remained;cadmium was still a statistically significant risk factor with an OR of 2.182(95%CI 1.343 to 3.545),while arsenic’s association,though not statistically significant,still trended toward risk(OR=1.004,95%CI 0.999 to 1.009).Subgroup analyses showed that both cadmium and arsenic were risk factors for ovarian cancer(OR=1.745,95%CI 1.178 to 2.586 and OR=1.005,95%CI 1.002 to 1.008,respectively);these associations persisted after PSM.Additionally,cadmium increased the risk of endometrial cancer(OR=1.617,95%CI 1.109 to 2.356).Conclusion:Exposure to cadmium and arsenic is associated with an increased risk of ovarian and endometrial cancers.These findings suggest that reducing environmental exposure to heavy metals such as cadmium and arsenic may help prevent certain gynecologic cancers.
文摘BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer(CRC)ranks high among the most common types of malignant tumors.The primary cause of cancer-related mortality is metastasis,with lung metastases accounting for 32.9%of all cases of metastatic CRC(MCRC).However,cases of MCRC in the lungs,which present concurrently with primary peripheral lung adenocarcinoma,are exceptionally rare.CASE SUMMARY This report describes the case of a 52-year-old female patient who,following a colonoscopy,was diagnosed with moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma based on rectal mucosal biopsy findings.A preoperative chest computed tomography scan revealed a ground-glass nodule in the right lung and a small nodule(approximately 0.6 cm in diameter)in the extramural basal segment of the left lower lobe,which suggested multiple lung metastases from rectal cancer.Subsequent treatment and follow-up led to a diagnosis of rectal cancer with left lung metastasis and peripheral adenocarcinoma of the lower lobe of the right lung.CONCLUSION This case report describes the therapeutic journey of a patient with lung metastasis from rectal cancer in addition to primary peripheral adenocarcinoma,thus underscoring the critical roles of multidisciplinary collaboration,personalized treatment strategies,and comprehensive patient rehabilitation guidance.
文摘Gastric cancer(GC)is one of the most aggressive malignancies worldwide and is characterized by its poor prognosis and resistance to conventional therapies.Autophagy and long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs)play critical yet complex roles in GC,functioning as both tumor suppressors and promoters depending on the disease stage and context.Autophagy influences cellular homeostasis and metabolism,whereas lncRNAs regulate gene expression through epigenetic modifications,RNA sponging,and protein interactions.Notably,the interplay between lncRNAs and autophagy modulates tumor progression,metastasis,chemoresistance,and the tumor microenvironment.This study explored the intricate relationship between lncRNAs and autophagy in GC,highlighting their roles in pathogenesis and treatment resistance.By addressing current knowledge gaps and proposing innovative therapeutic strategies,we have emphasized the potential of targeting this dynamic interplay for improved diagnostic and therapeutic outcomes.
基金supported by The National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant no.2021YFA0910100)Healthy Zhejiang One Million People Cohort(Grant no.K-20230085)+5 种基金Post-doctoral Innovative Talent Support Program(Grant no.BX2023375)Lingyan Project of Zhejiang Provincial Department of Science and Technology(Grant no.2025C02059)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant nos.82304946,82473489,and 82403546)Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(Grant nos.LR21H280001,LGF22H160056,ZCLQN25H1602,and LMS25H160006)Medicine and Health Science Fund of Zhejiang Province Health Commission(Grant nos.2025KY047 and 2022KY658)Traditional Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Project of Zhejiang Provincial Health Commission(Grant no.2022ZA023).
文摘Gastric cancer(GC)remains a major global health challenge,because of its poor prognosis and limited treatment options in advanced stages1,2.Recent advancements in immunotherapy,highlighted by the findings of the CHECKMATE-649,ORIENT-16,and KEYNOTE-859 trials,have markedly transformed the treatment paradigm for advanced gastric cancer(AGC)3-5.
基金Supported by the National Key R and D Program of China,No.2022YFC3500200,No.2022YFC3500202 and No.2022YFC3500204Innovation Team and Talents Cultivation Program of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine,No.ZYYCXTD-C-202208+4 种基金NATCM’s Project of High-Level Construction of Key TCM Disciplines,No.[2023]85Qing Lan Project of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions,No.[2023]27Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province,No.SJCX22_0706General Project of Universities’Philosophy and Social Science in Jiangsu Province,No.2024SJYB0564Jiangsu Provincial Leading Talents Program in Traditional Chinese Medicine,No.SLJ0314.
文摘BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal cancers are among the most commonly diagnosed cancers globally.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)offers distinct advantages in preventing and treating these cancers.AIM To investigate the metabolic basis of a common TCM syndrome in gastrointestinal cancers,exploring underlying metabolic mechanisms and identifying potential METHODS Thirty healthy controls(normal group),30 patients with gastric cancer(GC),and 30 patients with colorectal cancer(CRC)were enrolled in 2023.Plasma metabolic profiles were detected using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry,and pathway enrichment analysis was conducted using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes.RESULTS Metabolic profiling revealed distinct alterations in gastrointestinal cancers.CRC samples exhibited 455 differentially expressed metabolites(234 upregulated and 221 downregulated).Similarly,GC samples exhibited 459 differentially expressed metabolites(251 upregulated and 208 downregulated).Additionally,352 shared metabolites were identified among gastrointestinal cancers.Enrichment analysis highlighted the involvement of these shared metabolites in 10 metabolic pathways.CONCLUSION To some extent,this study revealed the metabolomic characteristics of spleen deficiency and blood stasis toxin(PXYD)syndrome in gastrointestinal cancers.It provides the rationale for the"same treatment for different diseases"approach in PXYD syndrome of gastrointestinal cancers,and for identifying potential metabolomicsbased biomarkers.
文摘Gallbladder cancer is an aggressive malignancy notorious for its poor prognosis and treatment challenges,even at early stages.In their recent work,Kim et al utilized data from the National Cancer Database to explore whether adding chemotherapy to surgical intervention could improve survival outcomes for patients diagnosed with stage II gallbladder cancer.The use of adjuvant chemotherapy following curative surgery in this patient population has been a longstanding source of debate.Historically,the lack of clear guidelines for managing stage II gallbladder cancer has resulted in inconsistent,sometimes contradictory findings from various studies regarding the effectiveness of postoperative chemotherapy.Consequently,many clinicians have relied on studies involving other biliary tract cancers to justify the routine use of prophylactic chemotherapy after surgery,aiming to minimize recurrence risk.Given the rarity,high mortality rate,and the small sample sizes typical in gallbladder cancer studies,Kim et al’s contribution represents a significant and commendable effort to address these challenges.Kim et al designed a retrospective cohort study with well-defined inclusion criteria and clear treatment classifications.Notably,their findings suggested that in stage II gallbladder cancer,adjuvant chemotherapy did not yield a meaningful survival benefit over surgery alone.These results therefore casted doubt on the routine practice of administering chemotherapy to all patients postoperatively,prompted clinicians to reconsider their approach.Furthermore,this controversy directly influences clinical decisionmaking and guideline recommendations,as uncertainty regarding the benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy may lead to heterogeneous practices across different institutions and regions.This article critically assessed the research design,methodology,and clinical implications of the study by Kim et al.It also provided an in-depth exploration of the broader question regarding the appropriateness of adjuvant chemotherapy following surgery for stage II gallbladder cancer,highlighting the necessity of rigorous study designs to produce reliable evidence.
文摘Cancer remains one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide,with its complex etiology and heterogeneous progression posing persistent challenges to early diagnosis and effective treatment.In this special issue,we present a collection of studies that delve into the molecular mechanisms,therapeutic resistance,and novel treatment strategies across multiple cancer types,including lung,breast,stomach,and liver cancers.These studies not only advance our understanding of tumor biology but also provide translational insights with potentially significant clinical implications.
文摘As the 30th anniversary of the landmark Beijing Fourth World Conference on Women approaches,the forthcoming 2025 World Women's Summit in Beijing offers a timely platform to reaffirm commitments to women's well-being worldwide.In alignment with this milestone,Cancer Biology&Medicine is proud to present this special issue dedicated to accelerating the global elimination of cervical cancer.
文摘Post-colonoscopic colorectal cancer(PCCRC),also known as interval CRC,is defined as CRC diagnosed more than six months after a colonoscopy in which no cancer was detected.It typically arises from missed lesions or incomplete resections and is now recognized as one of the most reliable quality indicators for assessing colonoscopy performance.With an incidence rate of 3.6%to 9.3%,PCCRC remains a significant concern,highlighting the limitations of colonoscopy in CRC screening—not only in terms of diagnostic accuracy but also in its preventive role and effectiveness in treating lesions.A range of clinical,endoscopic,and biological factors has been associated with an increased risk of PCCRC.Identifying these factors can help stratify high-risk patients,enabling earlier detection and improving preventive strategies for interval CRC.Reducing PCCRC should be a top priority for every endoscopy unit.While technological advancements will enhance polyp detection,minimize missed lesions,prevent incomplete resections,and improve overall procedural quality,the most impactful strategy remains internal self-assessment within each unit.This review should evaluate key performance metrics,including cecal intubation rate,adenoma detection rate,withdrawal time,PCCRC incidence,and incomplete resections—both at the individual endoscopist level and across the entire unit.
文摘Endometrial cancer is the most common gynecologic cancer diagnosed in the United States and mortality is on the rise.Advanced and recurrent endometrial cancer represents a treatment challenge as historically there have been limited therapeutic options for patients.In the last several years,multiple practice-changing clinical trials have led to significant improvements in the treatment landscape.This review will cover updates in the treatment and management of advanced and recurrent endometrial cancer with a focus on novel therapeutics,such as anti-PD-L1 and PD-1 inhibitors,poly ADP-ribose polymerase(PARP)inhibitors,antibody-drug conjugates,and hormonal therapy.
文摘Breast cancer cells manipulate a key nutrient to both fuel growth and disable immune defenses-a dual strategy revealed by Chinese scientists.Researchers from the Hangzhou Institute of Medicine(HIM)of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Sun Yat-Sen University discovered that tumors exploit the amino acid arginine to rewire immune cells into cancer allies.
