The United States Food and Drug Administration's(FDA's)August 2024 determination that an additional phase Ⅱ study will be required to consider the approval of midomafetamine for the treatment of posttraumatic...The United States Food and Drug Administration's(FDA's)August 2024 determination that an additional phase Ⅱ study will be required to consider the approval of midomafetamine for the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder(PTSD)could delay the potential approval of this promising treatment by several years.展开更多
British English and American English are regarded as the two major varieties of English in the world, and Canadian English is often treated as a variation of American English. The paper aims to identify the major phon...British English and American English are regarded as the two major varieties of English in the world, and Canadian English is often treated as a variation of American English. The paper aims to identify the major phonetic features of Canadian English by addressing its differences from British and American English based on a historical, demographical, and regional and dialectal analysis. Canadian English is a cultural phenomenon that has evolved on the basis of British English and under the heavy influence of American English. As a distinctive variety of English, Canadian English possesses its phonetic uniqueness. And in the context of globalization, Canadian English will remain subject to Americanization.展开更多
Time:June 7-10,2020,Venue:Banff,Alberta,Canada,Website:http://congress.cnsfederation.org/The 55th Canadian Neurological Sciences Federation(CNSF)Congress 2020 will take place in Banff,Alberta,Canada on June7-10,2020.T...Time:June 7-10,2020,Venue:Banff,Alberta,Canada,Website:http://congress.cnsfederation.org/The 55th Canadian Neurological Sciences Federation(CNSF)Congress 2020 will take place in Banff,Alberta,Canada on June7-10,2020.This is a collegial meeting providing multidisciplinary courses relevant to all neuroscience specialties.展开更多
安德烈·波切利无疑有着敏锐的艺术和歌唱方面的嗅觉力。通常，他公开夸奖的歌手是不多的；而但凡被夸过的，则一定也拥有不容小觑的实力。“世界最完美的跨界古典与流行的男声组合”这句话夸的是来自加拿大的天籁男伶四人演唱组合...安德烈·波切利无疑有着敏锐的艺术和歌唱方面的嗅觉力。通常，他公开夸奖的歌手是不多的；而但凡被夸过的，则一定也拥有不容小觑的实力。“世界最完美的跨界古典与流行的男声组合”这句话夸的是来自加拿大的天籁男伶四人演唱组合（The canadian Tenors）。而这个组台．也是近年来在跨界歌坛走红速度飞快的团体。展开更多
The study of English Canadian poetry in Chinese academia began with translation in the 1950s.However,due to the country’s unique social,historical and cultural circumstances,the research stalled for approximately two...The study of English Canadian poetry in Chinese academia began with translation in the 1950s.However,due to the country’s unique social,historical and cultural circumstances,the research stalled for approximately two decades before picking up again in the 1980s.Since the 1980s,it has transitioned from a process of pure translation to the combination of translation and criticism,meanwhile,the research perspectives and contents demonstrate a tendency of richness and diversification.The major findings suggest that,despite current emphasis on regional and national literary studies in Chinese academia,English Canadian poetry is still not received much attention.This study aims to investigate and review the research trends and focus of English Canadian poetry in China from 1982 to 2022 and to point out its achievements and limitations.展开更多
Canadian iron concentrate(CIC)can elevate the ferrous grade and lower the contents of gangue components and harmful elements in the sinter.To understand high-temperature characteristics of CIC and typical iron ore,the...Canadian iron concentrate(CIC)can elevate the ferrous grade and lower the contents of gangue components and harmful elements in the sinter.To understand high-temperature characteristics of CIC and typical iron ore,the formation of the melt was calculated mainly through FactSage 7.2,and melt fluidity(MF)test for iron ore fines and penetration characteristic test of CIC melt into iron ore nuclei were carried out via micro-sintering method.The results show that hematite,calcium ferrites,dicalcium silicate,and magnetite take part in the formation of the melt in N2.The formation temperature of the liquid for CIC is higher than that for hematite/limonite ore.The MF of CIC is lower than that of hematite/limonite ore fines.The MF of hematite/limonite ore fines is dominated by the liquid amount and melt viscosity.The penetration depth(PD)of CIC melt into limonite ore nuclei is smaller than that into hematite ore nuclei.The PD is related to the reaction ability of the nuclei with the melt.Based on above results,sinter pot tests were conducted.The result shows that in the base ore blends including two hematite ores and two limonite ores,adding CIC deteriorates the sintering indexes.Increasing the proportion of high-MF and small-PD hematite ore can significantly improve the sintering indexes.10 mass%is a suit-able proportion for adding CIC in ore blends.展开更多
Ground Penetrating Radar （GPR） measurements of sea ice thickness including undeformed ice and ridged ice were carried out in the central north Canadian Archipelago in spring 2010. Results have shown a significant sp...Ground Penetrating Radar （GPR） measurements of sea ice thickness including undeformed ice and ridged ice were carried out in the central north Canadian Archipelago in spring 2010. Results have shown a significant spatial heterogeneity of sea ice thickness across the shelf. The undeformed multi-year fast ice of （2.05±0.09） m thick was investigated southern inshore zone of Borden island located at middle of the observational section, which was the observed maximum thickness in the field work. The less thick sea ice was sampled across a flaw lead with the thicknesses of （1.05±0.11） m for the pack ice and （1.24±0.13） m for the fast ice. At the northernmost spot of the section, the undeformed multi-year pack ice was （1.54±0.22） m thick with a ridged ice of 2.5 to 3 m, comparing to the multi-year fast ice with the thickness of （1.67±0.16） m at the southernmost station in the Prince Gustaf Adolf Sea.展开更多
210pb was measured during the 3rd Chinese National Arctic Research Expedition cruise to investigate its spa- tial pattern in the western Arctic Ocean, as well as its relation with the thermocline in the Canadian Basin...210pb was measured during the 3rd Chinese National Arctic Research Expedition cruise to investigate its spa- tial pattern in the western Arctic Ocean, as well as its relation with the thermocline in the Canadian Basin. The specific activities varied from 0.04 to 2.72, 〈0.013 to 4.37, and 0.1 to 4.85 Bq/m3 for dissolved, particu- late, and bulk 210pb, respectively, corresponding to respective averages of 0.65, 0.43, and 1.08 Bq/m3. In the Canadian Basin, the minimum 210pb activities occurred in the thermocline, which was characterized by low temperature of-1.52℃ and salinity of 33.1. Combining the spatial distribution of 210pb and hydrographical characteristics in the western Arctic Ocean, this scenario was ascribed to the effective scavenging of 210pb when the Pacific water flowed across the Chukchi Shelf. Quantitatively, this interpretation was supported by both the shorter residence times and higher scavenging efficiencies （SE） of dissolved 210pb over the Chukchi Shelf. The highest SE values were observed in the Herald Shoal and bottom waters over the slope.展开更多
OBJECTIVE To examine whether difficulty of falling asleep(DoFA)is associated with non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(non-HDL-C)level among Canadian older adults.METHODS 26,954 individuals aged 45-85 years from t...OBJECTIVE To examine whether difficulty of falling asleep(DoFA)is associated with non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(non-HDL-C)level among Canadian older adults.METHODS 26,954 individuals aged 45-85 years from the baseline data of the Canadian Longitudinal Study for Aging were in-cluded in this study.DoFA was categorized into five groups by answer to the question“Over the last month,how often did it take you more than 30 min to fall asleep?”Response options are“Never,<1 time/week,1−2 times/week,3−5 times/week,or 6−7 times/week”.Non-HDL-C,the difference of total cholesterol and HDL-C,were categorized into five categories based on these cut-offs(<2.6 mmol/L,2.6−3.7 mmol/L,3.7−4.8 mmol/L,4.8−5.7 mmol/L,and≥5.7 mmol/L).Ordinal logistic regression(logit link)continuation ratio models were used to estimate the odds of higher non-HDL-C levels for DoFA status.Adjusted means of non-HDL-C by DoFA status were estimated by general linear models.All analyses were sex separately using analytic weights to en-sure generalizability.RESULTS The proportions of DoFA in five categories were 41.6%,25.7%,13.6%,9.4%,9.7%for females and 52.9%,24.9%,10.5%,6.1%,5.6%for males,respectively.After adjustment of demographical and other covariates(such as depression,comorbidity,sleeping hour,etc.)compared to those who reported never having DoFA,the ORs(95%CIs)of higher levels of non-HDL-C for those whose DoFA status in<1 time/week,1−2 times/week,3−5 times/week,and 6−7 times/week were 1.12(1.05−1.21),1.09(0.99−1.18),1.20(1.09−1.33),1.29(1.17−1.43)in females and 1.05(0.98−1.13),0.95(0.87−1.05),1.21(1.08−1.37),0.97(0.85−1.09)in males,respectively.The adjusted means of non-HDL-C among the five DoFA status were 3.68 mmol/L,3.73 mmol/L,3.74 mmol/L,3.82 mmol/L,3.84 mmol/L for females and 3.54 mmol/L,3.58 mmol/L,3.51 mmol/L,3.69 mmol/L,3.54 mmol/L for males,respectively.CONCLUSIONS The results of this study have identified a risk association pattern between DoFA status and non-HDL-C levels in females but not in males.Further research is needed to confirm these findings.展开更多
The occurrence percentage and abundance of General Aerobic Hetero- trophic Bacteria （GAB） were determined by using the method of MPN for 182 sub- samples from 10 sediment cores taken from the Canadian basin and the ...The occurrence percentage and abundance of General Aerobic Hetero- trophic Bacteria （GAB） were determined by using the method of MPN for 182 sub- samples from 10 sediment cores taken from the Canadian basin and the Chukchi Sea at two different culturing temperatures. The results showed that the general occurrence percentage of GAB was quite high, average abundanees of GAB at cultured temperatares of 4℃ and 25℃ were 4.46 ×10^7 and 5.47×10^7 cells·g^-1（wt）, respectively. The highest abundance of GAB occurred at 20 -22 cm section in the sediment. GAB abundances changed among the section of sediments, but there is a trend ： the a-bundances at the middle or lower sections were lower than those at upper section. Cultivation at 25℃ could improve the occurrence percentage and abundances of GAB, which suggests that the increasing of temperature may change the living circum-stances of GAB. The differences of GAB among the latitudes areas indicated that occurrence percentage and abundances of GAB in middle latitude areas were higher than those in the higher or lower latitude areas, and were more obvious at 4℃ than those at 25℃. The GAB abundances in sediment under the shallower water seemed to be low- er than those in sediments under the deeper water and this status was more obvious at 25℃ than that at 4℃.展开更多
With the rapid progress of modernization in the human society,the contradiction between economic development and ecological harmony has become a global problem.The Canadian literature contains a lot of ecological phil...With the rapid progress of modernization in the human society,the contradiction between economic development and ecological harmony has become a global problem.The Canadian literature contains a lot of ecological philosophy,which includes the love of nature,the care for animals and the spiritual ecology.Literary writers in Canada write about the relationship between man and nature,man and animals as well as the relationship among different people in the society.Under the three perspectives mentioned above,writers reveal many serious ecological problems.Using Canadian Literature as an example,we can dig out some valuable ecological ideas.These are very helpful for us to solve the increasingly serious crisis related to ecology.展开更多
The current rapidly rising 5^(th) wave of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),dominated by the omicron variant,has clearly shown the challenges in monitoring,and tracing clinical cases of i...The current rapidly rising 5^(th) wave of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),dominated by the omicron variant,has clearly shown the challenges in monitoring,and tracing clinical cases of infection.Omicron has been identified by the World Health Organization(WHO)as a variant of concern(VOC)on November 26^(th) of 2021,because of the reported higher risk of transmission,reinfection.展开更多
Time: June 7-10, 2020Venue: Banff, Alberta, CanadaWebsite: http://congress.cnsfederation.org/The 55th Canadian Neurological Sciences Federation (CNSF) Congress 2020 will take place in Banff, Alberta, Canada on June7-1...Time: June 7-10, 2020Venue: Banff, Alberta, CanadaWebsite: http://congress.cnsfederation.org/The 55th Canadian Neurological Sciences Federation (CNSF) Congress 2020 will take place in Banff, Alberta, Canada on June7-10, 2020. This is a collegial meeting providing multidisciplinary courses relevant to all neuroscience specialties.展开更多
Dear editor,We read with interest the commentary by Mark Tremblay and colleagues,1 which outlines the new 24-Hour Canadian sedentary behavior guidelines.These guidelines take the perspective of a continuum across the ...Dear editor,We read with interest the commentary by Mark Tremblay and colleagues,1 which outlines the new 24-Hour Canadian sedentary behavior guidelines.These guidelines take the perspective of a continuum across the 24-h day,providing a vehicle for discussing physically active time,sitting and other sedentary time,as well as healthy sleep duration.The commentary 1 focuses on the sedentary behavior(SB)recommendations in these guidelines:(1)limiting sedentary time to8 h per day,(2)limiting recreational screen time to3 h,and(3)breaking up long periods of sitting as often as possible throughout the day.Support for this perspective was evidenced by a survey of a sample(n=126,6% of total)of Sedentary Behavior Research Network(SBRN)members2 indicating broad acceptance of these SB recommendations.1 In this response,we put this survey in context and discuss the evidence base underpinning these 3 Canadian sedentary-behavior recommendations.展开更多
This paper presents a detailed account of the effect of shipping activity on the increasing trends of air temperatures in the Canadian Arctic region for the period of 1980–2018.Increasing trend of temperature has gai...This paper presents a detailed account of the effect of shipping activity on the increasing trends of air temperatures in the Canadian Arctic region for the period of 1980–2018.Increasing trend of temperature has gained significant attention with respect to shipping activities and sea ice area in the Canadian Arctic.Temperature,sea ice area and shipping traffic datasets were investigated,and simple linear regression analyses were conducted to predict the rate of change(per decade)of the average temperature,considering winter(January)and summer(July)seasons.The results indicate that temperature generally increased over the studied region.Significant warming trend was observed during July,with an increase of up to 1℃,for the Canadian Arctic region.Such increasing trend of temperature was observed during July from the lower to higher latitudes.The increase in temperature during July is speculated to increase the melting of ice.Results also show a decline in sea ice area has a significant positive effect on the shipping traffic,and the numbers of marine vessel continue to increase in the region.The increase in temperature causes the breaking of sea ice due to shipping activities over northern Arctic Canada.展开更多
Data on Late Cenomanian and Early Turonian foraminiferal assemblages in the northern palaeo biogeographical district of the West Siberian province are summarized in the paper. In addition, the section of borehole 1016...Data on Late Cenomanian and Early Turonian foraminiferal assemblages in the northern palaeo biogeographical district of the West Siberian province are summarized in the paper. In addition, the section of borehole 1016 of the Parusovaya area located in the far north of the province is considered. New information on the foraminiferal zones of this stratigraphic level along with the previously known sections of the Tazovskaya, Purpeiskaya, Van-Eganskaya areas provided an opportunity to carry out a correlation of these zones between the West Siberian and the Canadian provinces (Western Canada, Northern Alaska). The West Siberian Late Cenomanian Trochammina wetteri tumida, Verneuilinoides kansasensis and the Early Turonian Gaudryinopsis angustus foraminiferal zones have their analogues as similar zones in the Canadian province. Due to the provided correlation of the micropalaeontological (foraminiferal) zones, their age in the West Siberian province has been clarified. Besides, similarity of the conditions of dwelling within the boundaries of the entire Arctic palaeobiogeographical realm has been observed.展开更多
The impacts of climate change on the discharge regimes in New Brunswick (Canada) were analyzed, using artificial neural network models. Future climate data were extracted from the Canadian Coupled General Climate Mode...The impacts of climate change on the discharge regimes in New Brunswick (Canada) were analyzed, using artificial neural network models. Future climate data were extracted from the Canadian Coupled General Climate Model (CGCM3.1) under the greenhouse gas emission scenarios B1 and A2 defined by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). The climate change fields (temperatures and precipitation) were downscaled using the delta change approach. Using the artificial neural network, future river discharge was predicted for selected hydrometric stations. Then, a frequency analysis was carried out using the Generalized Extreme Value (GEV) distribution function, where the parameters of the distribution were estimated using L-moments method. Depending on the scenario and the time slice used, the increase in low return floods was about 30% and about 15% for higher return floods. Low flows showed increases of about 10% for low return droughts and about 20% for higher return droughts. An important part of the design process using frequency analysis is the estimation of future change in floods or droughts under climate scenarios at a given site and for specific return periods. This was carried out through the development of Regional Climate Index (RCI), linking future floods and droughts to their frequencies under climate scenarios B1 and A2.展开更多
This paper determined the abundance of General Aerobic heterotrophic Bacteria （GAB） in surficial sediments from the Chukchi Sea and the Canadian basin by using MPN and discussed their geographical distribution. The ...This paper determined the abundance of General Aerobic heterotrophic Bacteria （GAB） in surficial sediments from the Chukchi Sea and the Canadian basin by using MPN and discussed their geographical distribution. The result shows that the determination percentages of the GAB were high, even till 100 percentage. The abundance range and averages of GAB for 4℃and 25℃ were from 4.00 × 10^2 to 2.40× 10^6 , 1.71×10^6 ind.·g^-1 （wet sample ） and from 2.40 ×10^5 to 2.40×10^7 , 1.10×10^7 ind. ·g^-1 （wet sample ） respectively. Not only the abundance range but also the averages of GAB in 25℃ were higher than that in 4℃. The abundance of GAB in sediments show a tendency that it is roughly greater in the lower latitudinal area than in the higher latitudinal area. The abundance of GAB increased from east to west as for the longitudinal distribution. With the water depth increasing, the abundance of GAB at 4℃ decreased, but GBA at 25℃ is not changed obviously with water depth. It seems that warmer circumstantial temperature is more suitable for some GAB.展开更多
Canada is one of the countries with the most developed bilingual education in the world,while China starts bilingual education late.Such program greatly takes the advantage of critical period hypothesis and reveals it...Canada is one of the countries with the most developed bilingual education in the world,while China starts bilingual education late.Such program greatly takes the advantage of critical period hypothesis and reveals its effectiveness.Learning from the advanced experience from Canada,this study investigated problems of bilingual education in Chinese kindergartens and offered suggestions correspondingly.Only when there are qualified and professional preschool teachers,suitable teaching materials,specific teaching objectives and methods,cooperation between parents and teachers,can the bilingual immersion education in Chinese kindergartens be fully developed.展开更多
文摘The United States Food and Drug Administration's(FDA's)August 2024 determination that an additional phase Ⅱ study will be required to consider the approval of midomafetamine for the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder(PTSD)could delay the potential approval of this promising treatment by several years.
文摘British English and American English are regarded as the two major varieties of English in the world, and Canadian English is often treated as a variation of American English. The paper aims to identify the major phonetic features of Canadian English by addressing its differences from British and American English based on a historical, demographical, and regional and dialectal analysis. Canadian English is a cultural phenomenon that has evolved on the basis of British English and under the heavy influence of American English. As a distinctive variety of English, Canadian English possesses its phonetic uniqueness. And in the context of globalization, Canadian English will remain subject to Americanization.
文摘Time:June 7-10,2020,Venue:Banff,Alberta,Canada,Website:http://congress.cnsfederation.org/The 55th Canadian Neurological Sciences Federation(CNSF)Congress 2020 will take place in Banff,Alberta,Canada on June7-10,2020.This is a collegial meeting providing multidisciplinary courses relevant to all neuroscience specialties.
文摘安德烈·波切利无疑有着敏锐的艺术和歌唱方面的嗅觉力。通常，他公开夸奖的歌手是不多的；而但凡被夸过的，则一定也拥有不容小觑的实力。“世界最完美的跨界古典与流行的男声组合”这句话夸的是来自加拿大的天籁男伶四人演唱组合（The canadian Tenors）。而这个组台．也是近年来在跨界歌坛走红速度飞快的团体。
文摘The study of English Canadian poetry in Chinese academia began with translation in the 1950s.However,due to the country’s unique social,historical and cultural circumstances,the research stalled for approximately two decades before picking up again in the 1980s.Since the 1980s,it has transitioned from a process of pure translation to the combination of translation and criticism,meanwhile,the research perspectives and contents demonstrate a tendency of richness and diversification.The major findings suggest that,despite current emphasis on regional and national literary studies in Chinese academia,English Canadian poetry is still not received much attention.This study aims to investigate and review the research trends and focus of English Canadian poetry in China from 1982 to 2022 and to point out its achievements and limitations.
基金The authors are grateful for the financial support of the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.FRF-IC-18-010).
文摘Canadian iron concentrate(CIC)can elevate the ferrous grade and lower the contents of gangue components and harmful elements in the sinter.To understand high-temperature characteristics of CIC and typical iron ore,the formation of the melt was calculated mainly through FactSage 7.2,and melt fluidity(MF)test for iron ore fines and penetration characteristic test of CIC melt into iron ore nuclei were carried out via micro-sintering method.The results show that hematite,calcium ferrites,dicalcium silicate,and magnetite take part in the formation of the melt in N2.The formation temperature of the liquid for CIC is higher than that for hematite/limonite ore.The MF of CIC is lower than that of hematite/limonite ore fines.The MF of hematite/limonite ore fines is dominated by the liquid amount and melt viscosity.The penetration depth(PD)of CIC melt into limonite ore nuclei is smaller than that into hematite ore nuclei.The PD is related to the reaction ability of the nuclei with the melt.Based on above results,sinter pot tests were conducted.The result shows that in the base ore blends including two hematite ores and two limonite ores,adding CIC deteriorates the sintering indexes.Increasing the proportion of high-MF and small-PD hematite ore can significantly improve the sintering indexes.10 mass%is a suit-able proportion for adding CIC in ore blends.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No.41206174China Postdoctoral Science Foundation under contract No.2012M511546the Key Project of Chinese National Science Fundation under contract No.41330960
文摘Ground Penetrating Radar （GPR） measurements of sea ice thickness including undeformed ice and ridged ice were carried out in the central north Canadian Archipelago in spring 2010. Results have shown a significant spatial heterogeneity of sea ice thickness across the shelf. The undeformed multi-year fast ice of （2.05±0.09） m thick was investigated southern inshore zone of Borden island located at middle of the observational section, which was the observed maximum thickness in the field work. The less thick sea ice was sampled across a flaw lead with the thicknesses of （1.05±0.11） m for the pack ice and （1.24±0.13） m for the fast ice. At the northernmost spot of the section, the undeformed multi-year pack ice was （1.54±0.22） m thick with a ridged ice of 2.5 to 3 m, comparing to the multi-year fast ice with the thickness of （1.67±0.16） m at the southernmost station in the Prince Gustaf Adolf Sea.
基金The Chinese Polar Environment Comprehensive Investigation and Assessment Programs under contract No.CHINARE2014-03-04-03the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No.41125020+1 种基金the 4th Chinese Arctic Research Programthe Polar Science Strategic Research Foundation of China under contract No.20120307
文摘210pb was measured during the 3rd Chinese National Arctic Research Expedition cruise to investigate its spa- tial pattern in the western Arctic Ocean, as well as its relation with the thermocline in the Canadian Basin. The specific activities varied from 0.04 to 2.72, 〈0.013 to 4.37, and 0.1 to 4.85 Bq/m3 for dissolved, particu- late, and bulk 210pb, respectively, corresponding to respective averages of 0.65, 0.43, and 1.08 Bq/m3. In the Canadian Basin, the minimum 210pb activities occurred in the thermocline, which was characterized by low temperature of-1.52℃ and salinity of 33.1. Combining the spatial distribution of 210pb and hydrographical characteristics in the western Arctic Ocean, this scenario was ascribed to the effective scavenging of 210pb when the Pacific water flowed across the Chukchi Shelf. Quantitatively, this interpretation was supported by both the shorter residence times and higher scavenging efficiencies （SE） of dissolved 210pb over the Chukchi Shelf. The highest SE values were observed in the Herald Shoal and bottom waters over the slope.
基金the Government of Canada through the Canadian Institutes of Health Research(CLSA 94473)and the Canada Foundation for Innovation.
文摘OBJECTIVE To examine whether difficulty of falling asleep(DoFA)is associated with non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(non-HDL-C)level among Canadian older adults.METHODS 26,954 individuals aged 45-85 years from the baseline data of the Canadian Longitudinal Study for Aging were in-cluded in this study.DoFA was categorized into five groups by answer to the question“Over the last month,how often did it take you more than 30 min to fall asleep?”Response options are“Never,<1 time/week,1−2 times/week,3−5 times/week,or 6−7 times/week”.Non-HDL-C,the difference of total cholesterol and HDL-C,were categorized into five categories based on these cut-offs(<2.6 mmol/L,2.6−3.7 mmol/L,3.7−4.8 mmol/L,4.8−5.7 mmol/L,and≥5.7 mmol/L).Ordinal logistic regression(logit link)continuation ratio models were used to estimate the odds of higher non-HDL-C levels for DoFA status.Adjusted means of non-HDL-C by DoFA status were estimated by general linear models.All analyses were sex separately using analytic weights to en-sure generalizability.RESULTS The proportions of DoFA in five categories were 41.6%,25.7%,13.6%,9.4%,9.7%for females and 52.9%,24.9%,10.5%,6.1%,5.6%for males,respectively.After adjustment of demographical and other covariates(such as depression,comorbidity,sleeping hour,etc.)compared to those who reported never having DoFA,the ORs(95%CIs)of higher levels of non-HDL-C for those whose DoFA status in<1 time/week,1−2 times/week,3−5 times/week,and 6−7 times/week were 1.12(1.05−1.21),1.09(0.99−1.18),1.20(1.09−1.33),1.29(1.17−1.43)in females and 1.05(0.98−1.13),0.95(0.87−1.05),1.21(1.08−1.37),0.97(0.85−1.09)in males,respectively.The adjusted means of non-HDL-C among the five DoFA status were 3.68 mmol/L,3.73 mmol/L,3.74 mmol/L,3.82 mmol/L,3.84 mmol/L for females and 3.54 mmol/L,3.58 mmol/L,3.51 mmol/L,3.69 mmol/L,3.54 mmol/L for males,respectively.CONCLUSIONS The results of this study have identified a risk association pattern between DoFA status and non-HDL-C levels in females but not in males.Further research is needed to confirm these findings.
基金sponsored by the national ministry of finance.And as a part of the second Arctic research expedition(CHINARE-2003) which is organized by Polar Expedition Office of State Oceanic Administration of China,we would like to thank the crew on RV Xuelong for their support and assistance.Research funds are supplied by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.40576060,40376017 and 40176017).
文摘The occurrence percentage and abundance of General Aerobic Hetero- trophic Bacteria （GAB） were determined by using the method of MPN for 182 sub- samples from 10 sediment cores taken from the Canadian basin and the Chukchi Sea at two different culturing temperatures. The results showed that the general occurrence percentage of GAB was quite high, average abundanees of GAB at cultured temperatares of 4℃ and 25℃ were 4.46 ×10^7 and 5.47×10^7 cells·g^-1（wt）, respectively. The highest abundance of GAB occurred at 20 -22 cm section in the sediment. GAB abundances changed among the section of sediments, but there is a trend ： the a-bundances at the middle or lower sections were lower than those at upper section. Cultivation at 25℃ could improve the occurrence percentage and abundances of GAB, which suggests that the increasing of temperature may change the living circum-stances of GAB. The differences of GAB among the latitudes areas indicated that occurrence percentage and abundances of GAB in middle latitude areas were higher than those in the higher or lower latitude areas, and were more obvious at 4℃ than those at 25℃. The GAB abundances in sediment under the shallower water seemed to be low- er than those in sediments under the deeper water and this status was more obvious at 25℃ than that at 4℃.
基金supported by National Social Science Foundation of China(Grant No.16BWW042)Anhui Province Excellent Young Talents Support Program(Grant No.gxyq2019325).
文摘With the rapid progress of modernization in the human society,the contradiction between economic development and ecological harmony has become a global problem.The Canadian literature contains a lot of ecological philosophy,which includes the love of nature,the care for animals and the spiritual ecology.Literary writers in Canada write about the relationship between man and nature,man and animals as well as the relationship among different people in the society.Under the three perspectives mentioned above,writers reveal many serious ecological problems.Using Canadian Literature as an example,we can dig out some valuable ecological ideas.These are very helpful for us to solve the increasingly serious crisis related to ecology.
文摘The current rapidly rising 5^(th) wave of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),dominated by the omicron variant,has clearly shown the challenges in monitoring,and tracing clinical cases of infection.Omicron has been identified by the World Health Organization(WHO)as a variant of concern(VOC)on November 26^(th) of 2021,because of the reported higher risk of transmission,reinfection.
文摘Time: June 7-10, 2020Venue: Banff, Alberta, CanadaWebsite: http://congress.cnsfederation.org/The 55th Canadian Neurological Sciences Federation (CNSF) Congress 2020 will take place in Banff, Alberta, Canada on June7-10, 2020. This is a collegial meeting providing multidisciplinary courses relevant to all neuroscience specialties.
文摘Dear editor,We read with interest the commentary by Mark Tremblay and colleagues,1 which outlines the new 24-Hour Canadian sedentary behavior guidelines.These guidelines take the perspective of a continuum across the 24-h day,providing a vehicle for discussing physically active time,sitting and other sedentary time,as well as healthy sleep duration.The commentary 1 focuses on the sedentary behavior(SB)recommendations in these guidelines:(1)limiting sedentary time to8 h per day,(2)limiting recreational screen time to3 h,and(3)breaking up long periods of sitting as often as possible throughout the day.Support for this perspective was evidenced by a survey of a sample(n=126,6% of total)of Sedentary Behavior Research Network(SBRN)members2 indicating broad acceptance of these SB recommendations.1 In this response,we put this survey in context and discuss the evidence base underpinning these 3 Canadian sedentary-behavior recommendations.
基金Korea Polar Research Institute(PE19900)Ministry of Education of the Republic of Korea and National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF-2016S1A3A2924243)。
文摘This paper presents a detailed account of the effect of shipping activity on the increasing trends of air temperatures in the Canadian Arctic region for the period of 1980–2018.Increasing trend of temperature has gained significant attention with respect to shipping activities and sea ice area in the Canadian Arctic.Temperature,sea ice area and shipping traffic datasets were investigated,and simple linear regression analyses were conducted to predict the rate of change(per decade)of the average temperature,considering winter(January)and summer(July)seasons.The results indicate that temperature generally increased over the studied region.Significant warming trend was observed during July,with an increase of up to 1℃,for the Canadian Arctic region.Such increasing trend of temperature was observed during July from the lower to higher latitudes.The increase in temperature during July is speculated to increase the melting of ice.Results also show a decline in sea ice area has a significant positive effect on the shipping traffic,and the numbers of marine vessel continue to increase in the region.The increase in temperature causes the breaking of sea ice due to shipping activities over northern Arctic Canada.
文摘Data on Late Cenomanian and Early Turonian foraminiferal assemblages in the northern palaeo biogeographical district of the West Siberian province are summarized in the paper. In addition, the section of borehole 1016 of the Parusovaya area located in the far north of the province is considered. New information on the foraminiferal zones of this stratigraphic level along with the previously known sections of the Tazovskaya, Purpeiskaya, Van-Eganskaya areas provided an opportunity to carry out a correlation of these zones between the West Siberian and the Canadian provinces (Western Canada, Northern Alaska). The West Siberian Late Cenomanian Trochammina wetteri tumida, Verneuilinoides kansasensis and the Early Turonian Gaudryinopsis angustus foraminiferal zones have their analogues as similar zones in the Canadian province. Due to the provided correlation of the micropalaeontological (foraminiferal) zones, their age in the West Siberian province has been clarified. Besides, similarity of the conditions of dwelling within the boundaries of the entire Arctic palaeobiogeographical realm has been observed.
文摘The impacts of climate change on the discharge regimes in New Brunswick (Canada) were analyzed, using artificial neural network models. Future climate data were extracted from the Canadian Coupled General Climate Model (CGCM3.1) under the greenhouse gas emission scenarios B1 and A2 defined by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). The climate change fields (temperatures and precipitation) were downscaled using the delta change approach. Using the artificial neural network, future river discharge was predicted for selected hydrometric stations. Then, a frequency analysis was carried out using the Generalized Extreme Value (GEV) distribution function, where the parameters of the distribution were estimated using L-moments method. Depending on the scenario and the time slice used, the increase in low return floods was about 30% and about 15% for higher return floods. Low flows showed increases of about 10% for low return droughts and about 20% for higher return droughts. An important part of the design process using frequency analysis is the estimation of future change in floods or droughts under climate scenarios at a given site and for specific return periods. This was carried out through the development of Regional Climate Index (RCI), linking future floods and droughts to their frequencies under climate scenarios B1 and A2.
基金the national ministry of finance。the second Arctic research expedition（CHINARE-2003）National Natural Science Foundation of China（No.40576060, 40376017 and 40176017）.
文摘This paper determined the abundance of General Aerobic heterotrophic Bacteria （GAB） in surficial sediments from the Chukchi Sea and the Canadian basin by using MPN and discussed their geographical distribution. The result shows that the determination percentages of the GAB were high, even till 100 percentage. The abundance range and averages of GAB for 4℃and 25℃ were from 4.00 × 10^2 to 2.40× 10^6 , 1.71×10^6 ind.·g^-1 （wet sample ） and from 2.40 ×10^5 to 2.40×10^7 , 1.10×10^7 ind. ·g^-1 （wet sample ） respectively. Not only the abundance range but also the averages of GAB in 25℃ were higher than that in 4℃. The abundance of GAB in sediments show a tendency that it is roughly greater in the lower latitudinal area than in the higher latitudinal area. The abundance of GAB increased from east to west as for the longitudinal distribution. With the water depth increasing, the abundance of GAB at 4℃ decreased, but GBA at 25℃ is not changed obviously with water depth. It seems that warmer circumstantial temperature is more suitable for some GAB.
文摘Canada is one of the countries with the most developed bilingual education in the world,while China starts bilingual education late.Such program greatly takes the advantage of critical period hypothesis and reveals its effectiveness.Learning from the advanced experience from Canada,this study investigated problems of bilingual education in Chinese kindergartens and offered suggestions correspondingly.Only when there are qualified and professional preschool teachers,suitable teaching materials,specific teaching objectives and methods,cooperation between parents and teachers,can the bilingual immersion education in Chinese kindergartens be fully developed.
