在第2代加拿大地球系统模型(the second generation Canadian earth system model,CanESM2)中的3种典型浓度路径(representative concentration pathways,RCPs)情景(RCP2.6、RCP4.5和RCP8.5)下,基于统计降尺度模型(statistical down sca...在第2代加拿大地球系统模型(the second generation Canadian earth system model,CanESM2)中的3种典型浓度路径(representative concentration pathways,RCPs)情景(RCP2.6、RCP4.5和RCP8.5)下,基于统计降尺度模型(statistical down scaling model,SDSM)研究兰江流域未来年份温度和降水量的变化趋势。结果表明:1)SDSM在兰江流域具有较好的适用性,各站点最高温度、最低温度、降水量的解释方差分别为70.62%~79.74%、69.61%~78.76%、28.56%~41.45%;2)3种RCPs情景下温度均呈上升趋势,且上升幅度随辐射强迫度上升而同步增大,至21世纪末,RCP2.6、RCP4.5、RCP8.5情景下的最高温度分别较基准期上升0.06℃、1.22℃、2.76℃,最低温度分别较基准期上升0.35℃、1.15℃、3.01℃;3)RCP2.6情景下的降水量总体呈下降趋势,至2080—2100年下降0.98%,RCP4.5情景下的降水量呈先上升后下降趋势,至2050—2079年达到峰值,较基准期上升12.03%,RCP8.5情景下的降水量呈先下降后快速上升趋势,至2080—2100年上升38.08%。研究结果可为兰江流域内水资源管理、生态文明建设及社会经济可持续发展提供依据和理论支持。展开更多
Climate change caused by past,current,and future greenhouse gas emissions has become a major concern for scientists in the field in many countries and regions of the world.This study modelled future precipitation chan...Climate change caused by past,current,and future greenhouse gas emissions has become a major concern for scientists in the field in many countries and regions of the world.This study modelled future precipitation change by downscaling a set of large-scale climate predictor variables(predictors)from the second generation Canadian Earth System Model(CanESM2)under two Representative Concentration Pathway(RCP)emission scenarios(RCP4.5 and RCP8.5)in the semi-arid Borana lowland,southern Ethiopia.The Statistical DownScaling Model(SDSM)4.2.9 was employed to downscale and project future precipitation change in the middle(2036-2065;2050s)and far(2066-2095;2080s)future at the local scale.Historical precipitation observations from eight meteorological stations stretching from 1981 to 1995 and 1996 to 2005 were used for the model calibration and validation,respectively,and the time period of 1981-2018 was considered and used as the baseline period to analyze future precipitation change.The results revealed that the surface-specific humidity and the geopotential height at 500 hPa were the preferred large-scale predictors.Compared to the middle future(2050s),precipitation showed a much greater increase in the far future(2080s)under both RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios at all meteorological stations(except Teletele and Dillo stations).At Teltele station,the projected annual precipitation will decrease by 26.53%(2050s)and 39.45%(2080s)under RCP4.5 scenario,and 34.99%(2050s)and 60.62%(2080s)under RCP8.5 scenario.Seasonally,the main rainy period would shift from spring(March to May)to autumn(September to November)at Dehas,Dire,Moyale,and Teltele stations,but for Arero and Yabelo stations,spring would consistently receive more precipitation than autumn.It can be concluded that future precipitation in the semi-arid Borana lowland is predicted to differ under the two climate scenarios(RCP4.5 and RCP8.5),showing an increasing trend at most meteorological stations.This information could be helpful for policymakers to design adaptation plans in water resources management,and we suggest that the government should give more attention to improve early warning systems in drought-prone areas by providing dependable climate forecast information as early as possible.展开更多
Climate change can alter the status quo of the world as we know today.Water resources may also be influenced by these plausible impacts.The common perception is that these changes may exacerbate the situation of water...Climate change can alter the status quo of the world as we know today.Water resources may also be influenced by these plausible impacts.The common perception is that these changes may exacerbate the situation of water resources in arid and semi-arid regions,such as the Middle-East,which are experiencing mild to severe water stress due to limited water availability and growing water demands.In that spirit,this study aims to investigate the possible impacts of climate change on surface water in Maharlou Lake basin,Iran.Reportedly,this basin has already shown some symptoms of the water-related crisis,which highlights the importance of conducting climate change studies in this region.The CansESM2 model was employed to predict the basin’s climatic response under various climate change scenarios.The hydrologic response of the basin was,then,simulated using IHACRES.The results have demonstrated a 4%decrease in average annual rainfall,a 2%increase in average annual temperature,and,finally,a 24%decrease in average annual streamflow of the basin in the(2010-2099)time window.While the results suggest that recent water-related challenges in the basin might have caused by climate change,further in-depth studies are required to reveal the exact reasons.展开更多
文摘在第2代加拿大地球系统模型(the second generation Canadian earth system model,CanESM2)中的3种典型浓度路径(representative concentration pathways,RCPs)情景(RCP2.6、RCP4.5和RCP8.5)下,基于统计降尺度模型(statistical down scaling model,SDSM)研究兰江流域未来年份温度和降水量的变化趋势。结果表明:1)SDSM在兰江流域具有较好的适用性,各站点最高温度、最低温度、降水量的解释方差分别为70.62%~79.74%、69.61%~78.76%、28.56%~41.45%;2)3种RCPs情景下温度均呈上升趋势,且上升幅度随辐射强迫度上升而同步增大,至21世纪末,RCP2.6、RCP4.5、RCP8.5情景下的最高温度分别较基准期上升0.06℃、1.22℃、2.76℃,最低温度分别较基准期上升0.35℃、1.15℃、3.01℃;3)RCP2.6情景下的降水量总体呈下降趋势,至2080—2100年下降0.98%,RCP4.5情景下的降水量呈先上升后下降趋势,至2050—2079年达到峰值,较基准期上升12.03%,RCP8.5情景下的降水量呈先下降后快速上升趋势,至2080—2100年上升38.08%。研究结果可为兰江流域内水资源管理、生态文明建设及社会经济可持续发展提供依据和理论支持。
文摘Climate change caused by past,current,and future greenhouse gas emissions has become a major concern for scientists in the field in many countries and regions of the world.This study modelled future precipitation change by downscaling a set of large-scale climate predictor variables(predictors)from the second generation Canadian Earth System Model(CanESM2)under two Representative Concentration Pathway(RCP)emission scenarios(RCP4.5 and RCP8.5)in the semi-arid Borana lowland,southern Ethiopia.The Statistical DownScaling Model(SDSM)4.2.9 was employed to downscale and project future precipitation change in the middle(2036-2065;2050s)and far(2066-2095;2080s)future at the local scale.Historical precipitation observations from eight meteorological stations stretching from 1981 to 1995 and 1996 to 2005 were used for the model calibration and validation,respectively,and the time period of 1981-2018 was considered and used as the baseline period to analyze future precipitation change.The results revealed that the surface-specific humidity and the geopotential height at 500 hPa were the preferred large-scale predictors.Compared to the middle future(2050s),precipitation showed a much greater increase in the far future(2080s)under both RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios at all meteorological stations(except Teletele and Dillo stations).At Teltele station,the projected annual precipitation will decrease by 26.53%(2050s)and 39.45%(2080s)under RCP4.5 scenario,and 34.99%(2050s)and 60.62%(2080s)under RCP8.5 scenario.Seasonally,the main rainy period would shift from spring(March to May)to autumn(September to November)at Dehas,Dire,Moyale,and Teltele stations,but for Arero and Yabelo stations,spring would consistently receive more precipitation than autumn.It can be concluded that future precipitation in the semi-arid Borana lowland is predicted to differ under the two climate scenarios(RCP4.5 and RCP8.5),showing an increasing trend at most meteorological stations.This information could be helpful for policymakers to design adaptation plans in water resources management,and we suggest that the government should give more attention to improve early warning systems in drought-prone areas by providing dependable climate forecast information as early as possible.
文摘Climate change can alter the status quo of the world as we know today.Water resources may also be influenced by these plausible impacts.The common perception is that these changes may exacerbate the situation of water resources in arid and semi-arid regions,such as the Middle-East,which are experiencing mild to severe water stress due to limited water availability and growing water demands.In that spirit,this study aims to investigate the possible impacts of climate change on surface water in Maharlou Lake basin,Iran.Reportedly,this basin has already shown some symptoms of the water-related crisis,which highlights the importance of conducting climate change studies in this region.The CansESM2 model was employed to predict the basin’s climatic response under various climate change scenarios.The hydrologic response of the basin was,then,simulated using IHACRES.The results have demonstrated a 4%decrease in average annual rainfall,a 2%increase in average annual temperature,and,finally,a 24%decrease in average annual streamflow of the basin in the(2010-2099)time window.While the results suggest that recent water-related challenges in the basin might have caused by climate change,further in-depth studies are required to reveal the exact reasons.
