Cross-band camouflage technology is a critical necessity,enabling personnel and equipment to evade detection across evolving surveillance systems,thereby enhancing survivability and mission success.Herein,this work de...Cross-band camouflage technology is a critical necessity,enabling personnel and equipment to evade detection across evolving surveillance systems,thereby enhancing survivability and mission success.Herein,this work develops a layer-structured composite system based on carbon nanotube(CNT)film comprising ionic liquid(IL)interlayer for infrared(IR)modulation and surface-engineered Cu_(2)O nanoparticles for visible camouflage.The CNT/IL/CNT architecture enables reversible IR emissivity switching(Δε≈0.55)through electrically driven ion intercalation/deintercalation within 2 s,while spray-coated Cu_(2)O nanoparticles(100~400 nm diameter)on the top CNT film layer generate rich structure colors with 90%IR transmittance.This spectral-decoupling design overcomes the traditional trade-off between color visibility and IR transmittance observed in pigment-based systems.Remarkably,due to physical interface coupling,the Cu_(2)O-coated layer-structured system maintains exceptional electrical conductivity,enabling simultaneous electromagnetic interference shielding and electrothermal energy conversion.The integrated system demonstrates long-term operational stability.By unifying visible-IR camouflage,electromagnetic protection,and energy management in a lightweight platform,this work provides an important paradigm for cross-band camouflage technologies.展开更多
Infrared thermal camouflage technologies are vital for enhancing the survivability of objects by altering their infrared radiation properties.However,existing solutions often fall short in adaptability and rapid respo...Infrared thermal camouflage technologies are vital for enhancing the survivability of objects by altering their infrared radiation properties.However,existing solutions often fall short in adaptability and rapid responsiveness to dynamic environmental conditions,limiting their practical applicability.To overcome these challenges,we present an innovative approach combining ultrafast laser-induced non-volatile phase-change Ge_(2)Sb_(2)Te_(5)(GST)voxel-crystallized units with electrically tunable volatile VO_(2)layers.This integration enables precise,continuous control of infrared emissivity across a wide range of 0.14 to 0.98,effectively encompassing the emissivity of most materials.A neural network-based closed-loop system is employed for sensing,intelligent decision-making,and execution,achieving real-time thermal radiation matching between the target and its environment with a response speed of 3°C/s and an accuracy of±1°C.This strategy significantly enhances the adaptability of thermal camouflage in complex environments,paving the way for practical,dynamic thermal stealth applications.展开更多
To enhance the heat-dissipation capacity of infrared(IR)stealth structures in high-temperature environments,a selective heat emitter with multi-band thermal management is fabricated.This emitter comprises a hightemper...To enhance the heat-dissipation capacity of infrared(IR)stealth structures in high-temperature environments,a selective heat emitter with multi-band thermal management is fabricated.This emitter comprises a hightemperature-resistant titanium dioxide(TiO_(2))/hafnium dioxide(HfO_(2))/Cr/Ge/Mo multi-film-layer structure.Additionally,the thickness of each layer is determined by the transfer-matrix algorithm.The emissivity of the structure across the IR band is simulated,and its electric field distributions are analyzed across different wavelengths.The stealth-and heat-dissipation bands of the structure are calculated to confirm its overall stealth and heat-dissipation capabilities.The results reveal that the average emissivities of the fabricated TiO_(2)/HfO_(2)/Cr/Ge/Mo multi-film-layer structure decrease to 0.21 and 0.27 within 3-5 and 8-14μm atmospheric window bands,respectively,achieving the IR concealment effect.Conversely,the average emissivities of the structure increase to 0.56 and 0.80 within the 2.5-3 and 5-8μm non-atmospheric window(NAW)bands,respectively.These high-emissivity bands enhance radiative heat dissipation to reduce heat accumulation and further weaken the detection and characterization of thermal signals.The simulated thermal images confirm the IR-stealth effect of the structure within a wide temperature range.Moreover,its efficient NAW heat-dissipation capability improves its operating life in high-temperature environments.展开更多
White Cyphochilus insulanus beetles,exhibiting both environmental camouflage display and radiative cooling functions,serve as a good prototype for biomimetic fabrication.As inspired,this work presents a femtosecond(fs...White Cyphochilus insulanus beetles,exhibiting both environmental camouflage display and radiative cooling functions,serve as a good prototype for biomimetic fabrication.As inspired,this work presents a femtosecond(fs)laser-based biomimetic fabrication strategy that takes full use of the synthesized radiative cooling nanomaterials for a groundbreaking stimuli-responsive infrared(IR)impressionistic camouflage display.The proposed technique is capable of readily transforming various substrates(quartz glass and metals including Ti,Al,Zr,and W)into self-assembled porous networks(aerogels)consisting of oxygen-vacancy-rich oxide nanoparticles.Surprisingly,the emissions of all as-prepared porous particle-networks in the radiative-cooling long-wavelength infrared(LWIR)band are above 95%,with the SiO_(2) aerogels reaching a maximum of 99.6%.Benefiting from the far-from-equilibrium thermodynamic kinetics,metastable phases of anatase TiO_(2),tetragonal zirconia(t-ZrO_(2)),and monoclinic WO_(3)(Pc)are synthesizable,opening up opportunities for exploring their optical applications.Taking the low-temperature metastable phase WO_(3)(Pc)as representative for systematic studies,it is found that(1)the ratio WO_(3)(Pc)phase to that of room-temperature phase of WO_(3)(P2_(1)/n)can be tailored by modulation of processing parameters;(2)laser synthesized aerogels with hybrid phases of WO_(3)(Pc)and WO_(3)(P2_(1)/n)have a brighter visible whiteness,higher visible/nearinfrared(NIR)spectral selectivity than the natural prototype of white Cyphochilus insulanus beetles but with comparable LWIR emittance.White WO_(3) aerogel in situ deposited during flexibly fs laser artistic patterning can blur the painting features due to its radiative cooling effect,allowing a colorful impressionistic IR display in the heating mode.What's more,invisible painting features concealed by the white deposited WO_(3) aerogel are clearly/faintly distinguishable by introducing external stimuli of a human hand and sample heating,respectively,catalyzing progress in optical encryption and selectively stimuli-responsive decryption display in the infrared band.展开更多
Camouflaged Object Detection(COD)aims to identify objects that share highly similar patterns—such as texture,intensity,and color—with their surrounding environment.Due to their intrinsic resemblance to the backgroun...Camouflaged Object Detection(COD)aims to identify objects that share highly similar patterns—such as texture,intensity,and color—with their surrounding environment.Due to their intrinsic resemblance to the background,camouflaged objects often exhibit vague boundaries and varying scales,making it challenging to accurately locate targets and delineate their indistinct edges.To address this,we propose a novel camouflaged object detection network called Edge-Guided and Multi-scale Fusion Network(EGMFNet),which leverages edge-guided multi-scale integration for enhanced performance.The model incorporates two innovative components:a Multi-scale Fusion Module(MSFM)and an Edge-Guided Attention Module(EGA).These designs exploit multi-scale features to uncover subtle cues between candidate objects and the background while emphasizing camouflaged object boundaries.Moreover,recognizing the rich contextual information in fused features,we introduce a Dual-Branch Global Context Module(DGCM)to refine features using extensive global context,thereby generatingmore informative representations.Experimental results on four benchmark datasets demonstrate that EGMFNet outperforms state-of-the-art methods across five evaluation metrics.Specifically,on COD10K,our EGMFNet-P improves F_(β)by 4.8 points and reduces mean absolute error(MAE)by 0.006 compared with ZoomNeXt;on NC4K,it achieves a 3.6-point increase in F_(β).OnCAMO and CHAMELEON,it obtains 4.5-point increases in F_(β),respectively.These consistent gains substantiate the superiority and robustness of EGMFNet.展开更多
The method of describing deformation camouflage spots based on feature space has some shortcomings,such as inaccurate description and difficult reproduction.Depending on the strong fitting ability of the generative ad...The method of describing deformation camouflage spots based on feature space has some shortcomings,such as inaccurate description and difficult reproduction.Depending on the strong fitting ability of the generative adversarial network model,the distribution of deformation camouflage spot pattern can be directly fitted,thus simplifying the process of spot extraction and reproduction.The requirements of background spot extraction are analyzed theoretically.The calculation formula of limiting the range of image spot pixels is given and two kinds of spot data sets,forestland and snowfield,are established.Spot feature is decomposed into shape,size and color features,and a GAN(Generative Adversarial Network)framework is established.The effects of different loss functions on network training results are analyzed in the experiment.In the meantime,when the input dimension of generator network is 128,the balance between sample diversity and quality can be achieved.The effects of sample generation are investigated in two aspects.Subjectively,the probability of the generated spots being distinguished in the background is counted,and the results are all less than 20% and mostly close to zero.Objectively,the features of the spot shape are calculated and the independent sample T-test is applied to verify that the features are from the same distribution,and all the P-Values are much higher than 0.05.Both subjective and objective methods prove that the spots generated by this method are similar to the background spots.The proposed method can directly generate the desired camouflage pattern spots,which provides a new technical method for the deformation camouflage pattern design and camouflage effect evaluation.展开更多
Brain functional networks model the brain's ability to exchange information across different regions,aiding in the understanding of the cognitive process of human visual attention during target searching,thereby c...Brain functional networks model the brain's ability to exchange information across different regions,aiding in the understanding of the cognitive process of human visual attention during target searching,thereby contributing to the advancement of camouflage evaluation.In this study,images with various camouflage effects were presented to observers to generate electroencephalography(EEG)signals,which were then used to construct a brain functional network.The topological parameters of the network were subsequently extracted and input into a machine learning model for training.The results indicate that most of the classifiers achieved accuracy rates exceeding 70%.Specifically,the Logistic algorithm achieved an accuracy of 81.67%.Therefore,it is possible to predict target camouflage effectiveness with high accuracy without the need to calculate discovery probability.The proposed method fully considers the aspects of human visual and cognitive processes,overcomes the subjectivity of human interpretation,and achieves stable and reliable accuracy.展开更多
The combination of advanced photoelectric detectors has rendered single-band camouflage materials ineffective,necessitating the development of infrared multispectral camouflage.However,the design and fabrication of ex...The combination of advanced photoelectric detectors has rendered single-band camouflage materials ineffective,necessitating the development of infrared multispectral camouflage.However,the design and fabrication of existing works remain complex as they usually require the integration of multiscale structures.Here,we introduce phase modulation into the infrared camouflage metasurfaces with metal-dielectric-metal configuration,enabling them to achieve camouflage across more bands.Based on this strategy,a simple but effective single-layer cascaded metasurface is demonstrated for the first time to achieve low reflection at multi-wavelength lasers,low infrared radiation in atmospheric windows,and broadband thermal management.As a proof-of-concept,a 4-inch sample with a minimum linewidth of 1.8μm is fabricated using photolithography.The excellent infrared multispectral camouflage performance is verified in experiments,showing low reflectance in 0.9–1.6μm,low infrared emissivity in mid-wavelength infrared(MWIR)and long-wavelength infrared(LWIR)bands,and high absorptance at the wavelength of 10.6μm.Meanwhile,broadband high emissivity in 5–8μm can provide high-performance radiative heat dissipation.When the input power is 1.57 W·cm^(-2),the surface/radiation temperature of the metasurface decreases by 5.3℃/18.7℃ compared to the reference.The proposed metasurface may trigger further innovation in the design and application of compact multispectral optical devices.展开更多
Recent advancements in reconnaissance technologies necessitate the development of adaptive camouflage that effectively operates across multiple wavebands and scenarios.However,traditional adaptive camouflage technolog...Recent advancements in reconnaissance technologies necessitate the development of adaptive camouflage that effectively operates across multiple wavebands and scenarios.However,traditional adaptive camouflage technologies are predominantly limited to dynamic control of a single band in visible(VIS)or infrared(IR)band.In this study,we propose an integrated platform that acheives decoupled,dynamic control of visible and infrared signatures under extreme ambient temperatures.This device features a thermochromic(TCM)layer on top,a multi-walled carbon nanotube(MWCNT)-based emissivity-electrochromic tri-layer structure in the middle,and a thermoelectric device(TED)at the bottom.The IR-transparent TCM layer enables a color conversion from green to yellow at 28°C,suitable for VIS camouflage in oasis and desert environments.Additionally,the device features an emissivity regulation from 0.44 to 0.84(8–14μm)and surface temperature adjustments between 10°C and 60°C,resulting in an impressive radiative temperature difference of 67.7°C(-21.6°C to 46.1°C).The outstanding performance of our VIS-IR adaptive camouflage device illustrates its feasibility in extreme environments with significant diurnal temperature variations.The proposed device provides a new strategy in VIS-IR adaptive camouflage,paving the way for further advancements in camouflage device design and expanding its applications.展开更多
Combining deep-learning image inpainting algorithms with the microfluidic technology,the paper proposes a method to achieve dynamic stealth and camouflage by using a microfluidic vision camouflage system simulating th...Combining deep-learning image inpainting algorithms with the microfluidic technology,the paper proposes a method to achieve dynamic stealth and camouflage by using a microfluidic vision camouflage system simulating the chameleon skin.The basic principle is to perceive color changes in the external environment and collect ambient image information,and then utilize the image inpainting algorithm to adjust the control signals of the microfluidic system in real time.The detailed working principle of the microfluidic vision camouflage system is presented,and the mechanism of generating control signals for the system through deep-learning image inpainting algorithms and image-processing techniques is elucidated.The camouflage effect of the chameleon skin is analyzed and evaluated using color similarity.Results indicate that the camouflaged images are consistent with the background environment,thereby improving the target’s stealth and maneuvering characteristics.The camouflage technology developed in the paper based on the microfluidic vision camouflage system can be applied to several situations,such as military camouflage uniforms,robot skins,and weapon equipment.展开更多
Most multispectral compatible infrared camouflage devices primarily focus on achieving low emissivity but neglect environmental emissivity matching when environmental emissivity exceeds that of the devices,this create...Most multispectral compatible infrared camouflage devices primarily focus on achieving low emissivity but neglect environmental emissivity matching when environmental emissivity exceeds that of the devices,this creates a"low-emissivity exposure"risk.To address this issue,we develop a tunable multispectral compatible infrared camouflage device using phase change material In3SbTe2(IST).Simulation and experimental results demonstrate that in both the amorphous(aIST)and crystalline(cIST)states,the device achieves simulated plant infrared camouflage and ultra-low emissivity infrared camouflage within the atmospheric window bands(3–5μm and 8–14μm).To address thermal management,it utilizes two non-atmospheric window bands(2.5–3μm and 5–8μm)for heat dissipation.Additionally,laser stealth is realized at three specific wavelengths(1.064μm,1.55μm,and 10.6μm).In the visible spectrum,high absorptivity enables effective visible light camouflage.Adjusting the geometric parameters of top layer structure enables color variation.This work not only highlights potential applications in reversible switching,reconfigurable imaging,and dynamic coding using IST but also offers an effective strategy to counter multispectral detection technology.展开更多
This study serves as a guide to the development of a polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)-encapsulated liquid metal-MXene aerogel,which has proven to be highly effective for electromagnetic wave absorption,particularly in salin...This study serves as a guide to the development of a polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)-encapsulated liquid metal-MXene aerogel,which has proven to be highly effective for electromagnetic wave absorption,particularly in saline environments.Through directional freezing and casting techniques,we have optimized the sample to exhibit enhanced absorption properties,achieving a reflection loss peak of-63.10 dB at 14.36 GHz.Variations in liquid metal content were found to significantly impact the complex permittivity of the aerogel,resulting in decreases observed in both real and imaginary components.This underscores the crucial role of conductivity in electromagnetic wave damping.Simultaneously,increases in tangent loss and attenuation constant highlight the vital contribution of MXene towards dissipating electromagnetic energy.Our best sample exhibits enhanced mechanical robustness,as evidenced by a high tensile modulus of 1 MPa.Notably,this exceptional performance is sustained for an extended period of 4 weeks even under harsh conditions such as high temperature,acid mist exposure,alkaline exposure,and immersion in synthetic seawater.By testing the thermal camouflage performance,samples achieved processable and efficient camouflage performance at multiple temperatures.This comprehensive dataset confirms the adaptability of the PDMS-encapsulated liquid metal-MXene aerogel as an effective solution for electromagnetic wave absorption in challenging environmental scenarios.展开更多
Deep neural networks,especially face recognition models,have been shown to be vulnerable to adversarial examples.However,existing attack methods for face recognition systems either cannot attack black-box models,are n...Deep neural networks,especially face recognition models,have been shown to be vulnerable to adversarial examples.However,existing attack methods for face recognition systems either cannot attack black-box models,are not universal,have cumbersome deployment processes,or lack camouflage and are easily detected by the human eye.In this paper,we propose an adversarial pattern generation method for face recognition and achieve universal black-box attacks by pasting the pattern on the frame of goggles.To achieve visual camouflage,we use a generative adversarial network(GAN).The scale of the generative network of GAN is increased to balance the performance conflict between concealment and adversarial behavior,the perceptual loss function based on VGG19 is used to constrain the color style and enhance GAN’s learning ability,and the fine-grained meta-learning adversarial attack strategy is used to carry out black-box attacks.Sufficient visualization results demonstrate that compared with existing methods,the proposed method can generate samples with camouflage and adversarial characteristics.Meanwhile,extensive quantitative experiments show that the generated samples have a high attack success rate against black-box models.展开更多
Although multifunctional electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding materials with ultrahigh electromagnetic wave absorption are highly required to solve increasingly serious electromagnetic radiation and pollution an...Although multifunctional electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding materials with ultrahigh electromagnetic wave absorption are highly required to solve increasingly serious electromagnetic radiation and pollution and meet multi-scenario applications,EMI shielding materials usually cause a lot of reflection and have a single function.To realize the broadband absorption-dominated EMI shielding via absorption-reflection-reabsorption mechanisms and the interference cancelation effect,multifunctional asymmetric bilayer aerogels are designed by sequential printing of a MXene-graphene oxide(MG)layer with a MG emulsion ink and a conductive MXene layer with a MXene ink and subsequent freeze-drying for generating and solidifying numerous pores in the aerogels.The top MG layer of the asymmetric bilayer aerogel optimizes impedance matching and achieves re-absorption,while the bottom MXene layer enhances the reflection of the incident electromagnetic waves.As a result,the asymmetric bilayer aerogel achieves an average absorption coefficient of 0.95 in the X-band and shows the tunable absorption ability to electromagnetic wave in the ultrawide band from 8.2 to 40 GHz.Finite element simulations substantiate the effectiveness of the asymmetric bilayer aerogel for electromagnetic wave absorption.The multifunctional bilayer aerogels exhibit hydrophobicity,thermal insulation and Joule heating capacities and are efficient in solar-thermal/electric heating,infrared stealth,and clean-up of spilled oil.展开更多
Accurate segmentation of camouflage objects in aerial imagery is vital for improving the efficiency of UAV-based reconnaissance and rescue missions.However,camouflage object segmentation is increasingly challenging du...Accurate segmentation of camouflage objects in aerial imagery is vital for improving the efficiency of UAV-based reconnaissance and rescue missions.However,camouflage object segmentation is increasingly challenging due to advances in both camouflage materials and biological mimicry.Although multispectral-RGB based technology shows promise,conventional dual-aperture multispectral-RGB imaging systems are constrained by imprecise and time-consuming registration and fusion across different modalities,limiting their performance.Here,we propose the Reconstructed Multispectral-RGB Fusion Network(RMRF-Net),which reconstructs RGB images into multispectral ones,enabling efficient multimodal segmentation using only an RGB camera.Specifically,RMRF-Net employs a divergentsimilarity feature correction strategy to minimize reconstruction errors and includes an efficient boundary-aware decoder to enhance object contours.Notably,we establish the first real-world aerial multispectral-RGB semantic segmentation of camouflage objects dataset,including 11 object categories.Experimental results demonstrate that RMRF-Net outperforms existing methods,achieving 17.38 FPS on the NVIDIA Jetson AGX Orin,with only a 0.96%drop in mIoU compared to the RTX 3090,showing its practical applicability in multimodal remote sensing.展开更多
Video camouflaged object detection(VCOD)has become a fundamental task in computer vision that has attracted significant attention in recent years.Unlike image camouflaged object detection(ICOD),VCOD not only requires ...Video camouflaged object detection(VCOD)has become a fundamental task in computer vision that has attracted significant attention in recent years.Unlike image camouflaged object detection(ICOD),VCOD not only requires spatial cues but also needs motion cues.Thus,effectively utilizing spatiotemporal information is crucial for generating accurate segmentation results.Current VCOD methods,which typically focus on exploring motion representation,often ineffectively integrate spatial and motion features,leading to poor performance in diverse scenarios.To address these issues,we design a novel spatiotemporal network with an encoder-decoder structure.During the encoding stage,an adjacent space-time memory module(ASTM)is employed to extract high-level temporal features(i.e.,motion cues)from the current frame and its adjacent frames.In the decoding stage,a selective space-time aggregation module is introduced to efficiently integrate spatial and temporal features.Additionally,a multi-feature fusion module is developed to progressively refine the rough prediction by utilizing the information provided by multiple types of features.Furthermore,we incorporate multi-task learning into the proposed network to obtain more accurate predictions.Experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms existing cutting-edge baselines on VCOD benchmarks.展开更多
The development of multifunctional electronic information materials that combine electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding and infrared(IR)thermal camouflage is crucial for the smooth and safe operation of electronic...The development of multifunctional electronic information materials that combine electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding and infrared(IR)thermal camouflage is crucial for the smooth and safe operation of electronic devices.However,it is challenging for traditional shielding materials to simultaneously meet these high demands.Here,based on the strategy of interfacial bonding and compositional synergy,we successfully prepared a multilayer composite film via layer-by-layer vacuum filtration combined with a hotpressing process using modified aramid nanofibers and MXene nanosheets as substrates.The film features aramid nanofibers-polypyrrole(ANF-PPy)as the matrix and AgMXene as the functional filler,and its unique multilayer structure enables it to generate multiple losses during electromagnetic wave transmission.In addition,the in-situ grown Ag nanoparticles effectively extend the MXene layer spacing and significantly enhance electromagnetic wave scattering efficiency.The film with a thickness of only 33µm exhibits excellent EMI shielding performance(average EMI SE of 66.75 dB and SSE/t of 38432.54 dB cm^(2)g^(−1)).The tight integration of the multilayer structures also endows their high IR reflectivity.Accordingly,this research lays the foundation for the creation of multifunctional protective materials that have great potential for both military and civilian purposes.展开更多
Due to Visible light and Near-Infrared(Vis–NIR)stealth play an important role in the commercial,military,and scientific fields,camouflage materials related to it attracted increasing attention in decades.Green plant ...Due to Visible light and Near-Infrared(Vis–NIR)stealth play an important role in the commercial,military,and scientific fields,camouflage materials related to it attracted increasing attention in decades.Green plant leaves,as the most extensive background materials on the earth,were widely simulated in the camouflage materials.However,difficult full-spectrum simulation(380–2500 nm),low-similarity simulation and the complex preparation have been great challenges for Vis–NIR Camouflage Materials(Vis–NIR-CMs).Herein,basing on the color-matching principle,two novel Vis–NIR-CMs including Dark Green Materials and Light Green Materials(DGM and LGM)were facilely fabricated by simple printing organic disperse dyes including C.I.Disperse Blue 291,C.I.Disperse Yellow 114,and C.I.Disperse Orange 30(B-291,Y-114 and O-30),and titanium dioxide(TiO_(2))on the viscose fabrics.Based on the excellent red edge property of B-291 and high scattering ability of TiO2,DGM and LGM exhibited generally high spectral correlation coefficients r_(m)(>0.95)with green plant leaves.Moreover,with the great color performance,excellent objects covering performance,low areal density(<146.3 g cm^(−2)),high tensile strength(>7.7 MPa),high softness(>81.27),high air permeability(>45.848 mm s^(−1)),DGM and LGM showed good simulation performance and wearing comfort to satisfy the application needs.This work presents a high-similarity Vis–NIR-CMs as a reference for full-spectrum camouflage materials,as well as low-cost and efficient preparation method is beneficial to the development of camouflage field.展开更多
The object detectors can precisely detect the camouflaged object beyond human perception.The investigations reveal that the CNNs-based(Convolution Neural Networks)detectors are vulnerable to adversarial attacks.Some w...The object detectors can precisely detect the camouflaged object beyond human perception.The investigations reveal that the CNNs-based(Convolution Neural Networks)detectors are vulnerable to adversarial attacks.Some works can fool detectors by crafting the adversarial camouflage attached to the object,leading to wrong prediction.It is hard for military operations to utilize the existing adversarial camouflage due to its conspicuous appearance.Motivated by this,this paper proposes the Dual Attribute Adversarial Camouflage(DAAC)for evading the detection by both detectors and humans.Generating DAAC includes two steps:(1)Extracting features from a specific type of scene to generate individual soldier digital camouflage;(2)Attaching the adversarial patch with scene features constraint to the individual soldier digital camouflage to generate the adversarial attribute of DAAC.The visual effects of the individual soldier digital camouflage and the adversarial patch will be improved after integrating with the scene features.Experiment results show that objects camouflaged by DAAC are well integrated with background and achieve visual concealment while remaining effective in fooling object detectors,thus evading the detections by both detectors and humans in the digital domain.This work can serve as the reference for crafting the adversarial camouflage in the physical world.展开更多
Semiconducting conjugated polymer nanoparticles(SPNs)represent an emerging class of phototheranostic materi-als with great promise for cancer treatment.In this report,low-bandgap electron donoracceptor(DA)-conjugated ...Semiconducting conjugated polymer nanoparticles(SPNs)represent an emerging class of phototheranostic materi-als with great promise for cancer treatment.In this report,low-bandgap electron donoracceptor(DA)-conjugated SPNs with sur-face cloaked by red blood cell membrane(RBCM)are developed for highly e ective photoacoustic imaging and photothermal therapy.The resulting RBCM-coated SPN(SPN@RBCM)displays remarkable near-infrared light absorption and good photosta-bility,as well as high photothermal conver-sion e ciency for photoacoustic imaging and photothermal therapy.Particularly,due to the small size(<5 nm),SPN@RBCM has the advantages of deep tumor penetration and rapid clearance from the body with no appreciable toxicity.The RBCM endows the SPNs with prolonged systematic circulation time,less reticuloendothelial system uptake and reduced immune-recognition,hence improving tumor accumulation after intravenous injection,which provides strong photoacoustic signals and exerts excellent photothermal therapeutic e ects.Thus,this work provides a valuable paradigm for safe and highly e cient tumor pho-toacoustic imaging and photothermal therapy for further clinical translation.展开更多
基金Financial support from the National Nature Science Foundation of China(No.:52373244)the Foundation of National Science and Technology Key Laboratory(No.:KZ571801)。
文摘Cross-band camouflage technology is a critical necessity,enabling personnel and equipment to evade detection across evolving surveillance systems,thereby enhancing survivability and mission success.Herein,this work develops a layer-structured composite system based on carbon nanotube(CNT)film comprising ionic liquid(IL)interlayer for infrared(IR)modulation and surface-engineered Cu_(2)O nanoparticles for visible camouflage.The CNT/IL/CNT architecture enables reversible IR emissivity switching(Δε≈0.55)through electrically driven ion intercalation/deintercalation within 2 s,while spray-coated Cu_(2)O nanoparticles(100~400 nm diameter)on the top CNT film layer generate rich structure colors with 90%IR transmittance.This spectral-decoupling design overcomes the traditional trade-off between color visibility and IR transmittance observed in pigment-based systems.Remarkably,due to physical interface coupling,the Cu_(2)O-coated layer-structured system maintains exceptional electrical conductivity,enabling simultaneous electromagnetic interference shielding and electrothermal energy conversion.The integrated system demonstrates long-term operational stability.By unifying visible-IR camouflage,electromagnetic protection,and energy management in a lightweight platform,this work provides an important paradigm for cross-band camouflage technologies.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(grant 52375401,52350362,52235009,and 22379012)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2024YFB4609100)+1 种基金Chongqing Natural Science Foundation of China(grants cstc2021jcyj-cxttX0003)State Key Laboratory of High-performance Precision Manufacturing(grant HPMKF202411).
文摘Infrared thermal camouflage technologies are vital for enhancing the survivability of objects by altering their infrared radiation properties.However,existing solutions often fall short in adaptability and rapid responsiveness to dynamic environmental conditions,limiting their practical applicability.To overcome these challenges,we present an innovative approach combining ultrafast laser-induced non-volatile phase-change Ge_(2)Sb_(2)Te_(5)(GST)voxel-crystallized units with electrically tunable volatile VO_(2)layers.This integration enables precise,continuous control of infrared emissivity across a wide range of 0.14 to 0.98,effectively encompassing the emissivity of most materials.A neural network-based closed-loop system is employed for sensing,intelligent decision-making,and execution,achieving real-time thermal radiation matching between the target and its environment with a response speed of 3°C/s and an accuracy of±1°C.This strategy significantly enhances the adaptability of thermal camouflage in complex environments,paving the way for practical,dynamic thermal stealth applications.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52106099)the Science and Technology Development Joint Fundof Henan province(No.225200810077).
文摘To enhance the heat-dissipation capacity of infrared(IR)stealth structures in high-temperature environments,a selective heat emitter with multi-band thermal management is fabricated.This emitter comprises a hightemperature-resistant titanium dioxide(TiO_(2))/hafnium dioxide(HfO_(2))/Cr/Ge/Mo multi-film-layer structure.Additionally,the thickness of each layer is determined by the transfer-matrix algorithm.The emissivity of the structure across the IR band is simulated,and its electric field distributions are analyzed across different wavelengths.The stealth-and heat-dissipation bands of the structure are calculated to confirm its overall stealth and heat-dissipation capabilities.The results reveal that the average emissivities of the fabricated TiO_(2)/HfO_(2)/Cr/Ge/Mo multi-film-layer structure decrease to 0.21 and 0.27 within 3-5 and 8-14μm atmospheric window bands,respectively,achieving the IR concealment effect.Conversely,the average emissivities of the structure increase to 0.56 and 0.80 within the 2.5-3 and 5-8μm non-atmospheric window(NAW)bands,respectively.These high-emissivity bands enhance radiative heat dissipation to reduce heat accumulation and further weaken the detection and characterization of thermal signals.The simulated thermal images confirm the IR-stealth effect of the structure within a wide temperature range.Moreover,its efficient NAW heat-dissipation capability improves its operating life in high-temperature environments.
基金financial support received from the Shanghai Pujiang Program(23PJ1406500)。
文摘White Cyphochilus insulanus beetles,exhibiting both environmental camouflage display and radiative cooling functions,serve as a good prototype for biomimetic fabrication.As inspired,this work presents a femtosecond(fs)laser-based biomimetic fabrication strategy that takes full use of the synthesized radiative cooling nanomaterials for a groundbreaking stimuli-responsive infrared(IR)impressionistic camouflage display.The proposed technique is capable of readily transforming various substrates(quartz glass and metals including Ti,Al,Zr,and W)into self-assembled porous networks(aerogels)consisting of oxygen-vacancy-rich oxide nanoparticles.Surprisingly,the emissions of all as-prepared porous particle-networks in the radiative-cooling long-wavelength infrared(LWIR)band are above 95%,with the SiO_(2) aerogels reaching a maximum of 99.6%.Benefiting from the far-from-equilibrium thermodynamic kinetics,metastable phases of anatase TiO_(2),tetragonal zirconia(t-ZrO_(2)),and monoclinic WO_(3)(Pc)are synthesizable,opening up opportunities for exploring their optical applications.Taking the low-temperature metastable phase WO_(3)(Pc)as representative for systematic studies,it is found that(1)the ratio WO_(3)(Pc)phase to that of room-temperature phase of WO_(3)(P2_(1)/n)can be tailored by modulation of processing parameters;(2)laser synthesized aerogels with hybrid phases of WO_(3)(Pc)and WO_(3)(P2_(1)/n)have a brighter visible whiteness,higher visible/nearinfrared(NIR)spectral selectivity than the natural prototype of white Cyphochilus insulanus beetles but with comparable LWIR emittance.White WO_(3) aerogel in situ deposited during flexibly fs laser artistic patterning can blur the painting features due to its radiative cooling effect,allowing a colorful impressionistic IR display in the heating mode.What's more,invisible painting features concealed by the white deposited WO_(3) aerogel are clearly/faintly distinguishable by introducing external stimuli of a human hand and sample heating,respectively,catalyzing progress in optical encryption and selectively stimuli-responsive decryption display in the infrared band.
基金financially supported byChongqingUniversity of Technology Graduate Innovation Foundation(Grant No.gzlcx20253267).
文摘Camouflaged Object Detection(COD)aims to identify objects that share highly similar patterns—such as texture,intensity,and color—with their surrounding environment.Due to their intrinsic resemblance to the background,camouflaged objects often exhibit vague boundaries and varying scales,making it challenging to accurately locate targets and delineate their indistinct edges.To address this,we propose a novel camouflaged object detection network called Edge-Guided and Multi-scale Fusion Network(EGMFNet),which leverages edge-guided multi-scale integration for enhanced performance.The model incorporates two innovative components:a Multi-scale Fusion Module(MSFM)and an Edge-Guided Attention Module(EGA).These designs exploit multi-scale features to uncover subtle cues between candidate objects and the background while emphasizing camouflaged object boundaries.Moreover,recognizing the rich contextual information in fused features,we introduce a Dual-Branch Global Context Module(DGCM)to refine features using extensive global context,thereby generatingmore informative representations.Experimental results on four benchmark datasets demonstrate that EGMFNet outperforms state-of-the-art methods across five evaluation metrics.Specifically,on COD10K,our EGMFNet-P improves F_(β)by 4.8 points and reduces mean absolute error(MAE)by 0.006 compared with ZoomNeXt;on NC4K,it achieves a 3.6-point increase in F_(β).OnCAMO and CHAMELEON,it obtains 4.5-point increases in F_(β),respectively.These consistent gains substantiate the superiority and robustness of EGMFNet.
基金This research was funded by Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,grant number BK20180579.
文摘The method of describing deformation camouflage spots based on feature space has some shortcomings,such as inaccurate description and difficult reproduction.Depending on the strong fitting ability of the generative adversarial network model,the distribution of deformation camouflage spot pattern can be directly fitted,thus simplifying the process of spot extraction and reproduction.The requirements of background spot extraction are analyzed theoretically.The calculation formula of limiting the range of image spot pixels is given and two kinds of spot data sets,forestland and snowfield,are established.Spot feature is decomposed into shape,size and color features,and a GAN(Generative Adversarial Network)framework is established.The effects of different loss functions on network training results are analyzed in the experiment.In the meantime,when the input dimension of generator network is 128,the balance between sample diversity and quality can be achieved.The effects of sample generation are investigated in two aspects.Subjectively,the probability of the generated spots being distinguished in the background is counted,and the results are all less than 20% and mostly close to zero.Objectively,the features of the spot shape are calculated and the independent sample T-test is applied to verify that the features are from the same distribution,and all the P-Values are much higher than 0.05.Both subjective and objective methods prove that the spots generated by this method are similar to the background spots.The proposed method can directly generate the desired camouflage pattern spots,which provides a new technical method for the deformation camouflage pattern design and camouflage effect evaluation.
基金sponsored by the National Defense Science and Technology Key Laboratory Fund(Grant No.61422062205)the Equipment Pre-Research Fund(Grant No.JCKYS2022LD9)。
文摘Brain functional networks model the brain's ability to exchange information across different regions,aiding in the understanding of the cognitive process of human visual attention during target searching,thereby contributing to the advancement of camouflage evaluation.In this study,images with various camouflage effects were presented to observers to generate electroencephalography(EEG)signals,which were then used to construct a brain functional network.The topological parameters of the network were subsequently extracted and input into a machine learning model for training.The results indicate that most of the classifiers achieved accuracy rates exceeding 70%.Specifically,the Logistic algorithm achieved an accuracy of 81.67%.Therefore,it is possible to predict target camouflage effectiveness with high accuracy without the need to calculate discovery probability.The proposed method fully considers the aspects of human visual and cognitive processes,overcomes the subjectivity of human interpretation,and achieves stable and reliable accuracy.
基金financial supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51925503&52105575)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.QTZX23063)+2 种基金the Aeronautical Science Foundation of China(Grant No.2022Z073081001)the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(Grant No.GZC20232028)the Open Research Funds of State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing Equipment and Technology(Grant No.IMETKF2024008).
文摘The combination of advanced photoelectric detectors has rendered single-band camouflage materials ineffective,necessitating the development of infrared multispectral camouflage.However,the design and fabrication of existing works remain complex as they usually require the integration of multiscale structures.Here,we introduce phase modulation into the infrared camouflage metasurfaces with metal-dielectric-metal configuration,enabling them to achieve camouflage across more bands.Based on this strategy,a simple but effective single-layer cascaded metasurface is demonstrated for the first time to achieve low reflection at multi-wavelength lasers,low infrared radiation in atmospheric windows,and broadband thermal management.As a proof-of-concept,a 4-inch sample with a minimum linewidth of 1.8μm is fabricated using photolithography.The excellent infrared multispectral camouflage performance is verified in experiments,showing low reflectance in 0.9–1.6μm,low infrared emissivity in mid-wavelength infrared(MWIR)and long-wavelength infrared(LWIR)bands,and high absorptance at the wavelength of 10.6μm.Meanwhile,broadband high emissivity in 5–8μm can provide high-performance radiative heat dissipation.When the input power is 1.57 W·cm^(-2),the surface/radiation temperature of the metasurface decreases by 5.3℃/18.7℃ compared to the reference.The proposed metasurface may trigger further innovation in the design and application of compact multispectral optical devices.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant no.2024YFA1210500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant nos.U2341225 and 62375242)+2 种基金the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(Grant no.GZB20240647)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant no.2025T180236 and 2024M762817)the Sichuan Science and Technology Program(Grant no.2025YFHZ0297).
文摘Recent advancements in reconnaissance technologies necessitate the development of adaptive camouflage that effectively operates across multiple wavebands and scenarios.However,traditional adaptive camouflage technologies are predominantly limited to dynamic control of a single band in visible(VIS)or infrared(IR)band.In this study,we propose an integrated platform that acheives decoupled,dynamic control of visible and infrared signatures under extreme ambient temperatures.This device features a thermochromic(TCM)layer on top,a multi-walled carbon nanotube(MWCNT)-based emissivity-electrochromic tri-layer structure in the middle,and a thermoelectric device(TED)at the bottom.The IR-transparent TCM layer enables a color conversion from green to yellow at 28°C,suitable for VIS camouflage in oasis and desert environments.Additionally,the device features an emissivity regulation from 0.44 to 0.84(8–14μm)and surface temperature adjustments between 10°C and 60°C,resulting in an impressive radiative temperature difference of 67.7°C(-21.6°C to 46.1°C).The outstanding performance of our VIS-IR adaptive camouflage device illustrates its feasibility in extreme environments with significant diurnal temperature variations.The proposed device provides a new strategy in VIS-IR adaptive camouflage,paving the way for further advancements in camouflage device design and expanding its applications.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China for the support(No.51175101)on this paper.
文摘Combining deep-learning image inpainting algorithms with the microfluidic technology,the paper proposes a method to achieve dynamic stealth and camouflage by using a microfluidic vision camouflage system simulating the chameleon skin.The basic principle is to perceive color changes in the external environment and collect ambient image information,and then utilize the image inpainting algorithm to adjust the control signals of the microfluidic system in real time.The detailed working principle of the microfluidic vision camouflage system is presented,and the mechanism of generating control signals for the system through deep-learning image inpainting algorithms and image-processing techniques is elucidated.The camouflage effect of the chameleon skin is analyzed and evaluated using color similarity.Results indicate that the camouflaged images are consistent with the background environment,thereby improving the target’s stealth and maneuvering characteristics.The camouflage technology developed in the paper based on the microfluidic vision camouflage system can be applied to several situations,such as military camouflage uniforms,robot skins,and weapon equipment.
基金funded by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFF0706005)National Natural Science Foundation of China(12272407,62275269,62275271,62305387)+3 种基金Foundation of NUDT(ZK23-03)Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(2022JJ40552,2023JJ40683)State Key Laboratory of High Performance Computing,NUDT(202201-12)the Hunan Provincial Innovation Foundation for Postgraduate,China(CX20230009).
文摘Most multispectral compatible infrared camouflage devices primarily focus on achieving low emissivity but neglect environmental emissivity matching when environmental emissivity exceeds that of the devices,this creates a"low-emissivity exposure"risk.To address this issue,we develop a tunable multispectral compatible infrared camouflage device using phase change material In3SbTe2(IST).Simulation and experimental results demonstrate that in both the amorphous(aIST)and crystalline(cIST)states,the device achieves simulated plant infrared camouflage and ultra-low emissivity infrared camouflage within the atmospheric window bands(3–5μm and 8–14μm).To address thermal management,it utilizes two non-atmospheric window bands(2.5–3μm and 5–8μm)for heat dissipation.Additionally,laser stealth is realized at three specific wavelengths(1.064μm,1.55μm,and 10.6μm).In the visible spectrum,high absorptivity enables effective visible light camouflage.Adjusting the geometric parameters of top layer structure enables color variation.This work not only highlights potential applications in reversible switching,reconfigurable imaging,and dynamic coding using IST but also offers an effective strategy to counter multispectral detection technology.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52003121,2220081350 and 22301111).
文摘This study serves as a guide to the development of a polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)-encapsulated liquid metal-MXene aerogel,which has proven to be highly effective for electromagnetic wave absorption,particularly in saline environments.Through directional freezing and casting techniques,we have optimized the sample to exhibit enhanced absorption properties,achieving a reflection loss peak of-63.10 dB at 14.36 GHz.Variations in liquid metal content were found to significantly impact the complex permittivity of the aerogel,resulting in decreases observed in both real and imaginary components.This underscores the crucial role of conductivity in electromagnetic wave damping.Simultaneously,increases in tangent loss and attenuation constant highlight the vital contribution of MXene towards dissipating electromagnetic energy.Our best sample exhibits enhanced mechanical robustness,as evidenced by a high tensile modulus of 1 MPa.Notably,this exceptional performance is sustained for an extended period of 4 weeks even under harsh conditions such as high temperature,acid mist exposure,alkaline exposure,and immersion in synthetic seawater.By testing the thermal camouflage performance,samples achieved processable and efficient camouflage performance at multiple temperatures.This comprehensive dataset confirms the adaptability of the PDMS-encapsulated liquid metal-MXene aerogel as an effective solution for electromagnetic wave absorption in challenging environmental scenarios.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022ZD0210500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61972067,U21A20491,and 62103437)the Dalian Outstanding Youth Science Foundation(No.2022RJ01)。
文摘Deep neural networks,especially face recognition models,have been shown to be vulnerable to adversarial examples.However,existing attack methods for face recognition systems either cannot attack black-box models,are not universal,have cumbersome deployment processes,or lack camouflage and are easily detected by the human eye.In this paper,we propose an adversarial pattern generation method for face recognition and achieve universal black-box attacks by pasting the pattern on the frame of goggles.To achieve visual camouflage,we use a generative adversarial network(GAN).The scale of the generative network of GAN is increased to balance the performance conflict between concealment and adversarial behavior,the perceptual loss function based on VGG19 is used to constrain the color style and enhance GAN’s learning ability,and the fine-grained meta-learning adversarial attack strategy is used to carry out black-box attacks.Sufficient visualization results demonstrate that compared with existing methods,the proposed method can generate samples with camouflage and adversarial characteristics.Meanwhile,extensive quantitative experiments show that the generated samples have a high attack success rate against black-box models.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52090034,52273064,52221006)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(JD2417)is gratefully acknowledged.
文摘Although multifunctional electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding materials with ultrahigh electromagnetic wave absorption are highly required to solve increasingly serious electromagnetic radiation and pollution and meet multi-scenario applications,EMI shielding materials usually cause a lot of reflection and have a single function.To realize the broadband absorption-dominated EMI shielding via absorption-reflection-reabsorption mechanisms and the interference cancelation effect,multifunctional asymmetric bilayer aerogels are designed by sequential printing of a MXene-graphene oxide(MG)layer with a MG emulsion ink and a conductive MXene layer with a MXene ink and subsequent freeze-drying for generating and solidifying numerous pores in the aerogels.The top MG layer of the asymmetric bilayer aerogel optimizes impedance matching and achieves re-absorption,while the bottom MXene layer enhances the reflection of the incident electromagnetic waves.As a result,the asymmetric bilayer aerogel achieves an average absorption coefficient of 0.95 in the X-band and shows the tunable absorption ability to electromagnetic wave in the ultrawide band from 8.2 to 40 GHz.Finite element simulations substantiate the effectiveness of the asymmetric bilayer aerogel for electromagnetic wave absorption.The multifunctional bilayer aerogels exhibit hydrophobicity,thermal insulation and Joule heating capacities and are efficient in solar-thermal/electric heating,infrared stealth,and clean-up of spilled oil.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.62005049 and 62072110)Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(Grant No.2020J01451).
文摘Accurate segmentation of camouflage objects in aerial imagery is vital for improving the efficiency of UAV-based reconnaissance and rescue missions.However,camouflage object segmentation is increasingly challenging due to advances in both camouflage materials and biological mimicry.Although multispectral-RGB based technology shows promise,conventional dual-aperture multispectral-RGB imaging systems are constrained by imprecise and time-consuming registration and fusion across different modalities,limiting their performance.Here,we propose the Reconstructed Multispectral-RGB Fusion Network(RMRF-Net),which reconstructs RGB images into multispectral ones,enabling efficient multimodal segmentation using only an RGB camera.Specifically,RMRF-Net employs a divergentsimilarity feature correction strategy to minimize reconstruction errors and includes an efficient boundary-aware decoder to enhance object contours.Notably,we establish the first real-world aerial multispectral-RGB semantic segmentation of camouflage objects dataset,including 11 object categories.Experimental results demonstrate that RMRF-Net outperforms existing methods,achieving 17.38 FPS on the NVIDIA Jetson AGX Orin,with only a 0.96%drop in mIoU compared to the RTX 3090,showing its practical applicability in multimodal remote sensing.
文摘Video camouflaged object detection(VCOD)has become a fundamental task in computer vision that has attracted significant attention in recent years.Unlike image camouflaged object detection(ICOD),VCOD not only requires spatial cues but also needs motion cues.Thus,effectively utilizing spatiotemporal information is crucial for generating accurate segmentation results.Current VCOD methods,which typically focus on exploring motion representation,often ineffectively integrate spatial and motion features,leading to poor performance in diverse scenarios.To address these issues,we design a novel spatiotemporal network with an encoder-decoder structure.During the encoding stage,an adjacent space-time memory module(ASTM)is employed to extract high-level temporal features(i.e.,motion cues)from the current frame and its adjacent frames.In the decoding stage,a selective space-time aggregation module is introduced to efficiently integrate spatial and temporal features.Additionally,a multi-feature fusion module is developed to progressively refine the rough prediction by utilizing the information provided by multiple types of features.Furthermore,we incorporate multi-task learning into the proposed network to obtain more accurate predictions.Experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms existing cutting-edge baselines on VCOD benchmarks.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (52303083, 52373073, 22171086)the Shanghai Rising-Star Program (24QA2701800)the Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials of Shanghai。
文摘The development of multifunctional electronic information materials that combine electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding and infrared(IR)thermal camouflage is crucial for the smooth and safe operation of electronic devices.However,it is challenging for traditional shielding materials to simultaneously meet these high demands.Here,based on the strategy of interfacial bonding and compositional synergy,we successfully prepared a multilayer composite film via layer-by-layer vacuum filtration combined with a hotpressing process using modified aramid nanofibers and MXene nanosheets as substrates.The film features aramid nanofibers-polypyrrole(ANF-PPy)as the matrix and AgMXene as the functional filler,and its unique multilayer structure enables it to generate multiple losses during electromagnetic wave transmission.In addition,the in-situ grown Ag nanoparticles effectively extend the MXene layer spacing and significantly enhance electromagnetic wave scattering efficiency.The film with a thickness of only 33µm exhibits excellent EMI shielding performance(average EMI SE of 66.75 dB and SSE/t of 38432.54 dB cm^(2)g^(−1)).The tight integration of the multilayer structures also endows their high IR reflectivity.Accordingly,this research lays the foundation for the creation of multifunctional protective materials that have great potential for both military and civilian purposes.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant numbers 21808086)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(Grant numbers BK20191334)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant numbers JUSRP21933).
文摘Due to Visible light and Near-Infrared(Vis–NIR)stealth play an important role in the commercial,military,and scientific fields,camouflage materials related to it attracted increasing attention in decades.Green plant leaves,as the most extensive background materials on the earth,were widely simulated in the camouflage materials.However,difficult full-spectrum simulation(380–2500 nm),low-similarity simulation and the complex preparation have been great challenges for Vis–NIR Camouflage Materials(Vis–NIR-CMs).Herein,basing on the color-matching principle,two novel Vis–NIR-CMs including Dark Green Materials and Light Green Materials(DGM and LGM)were facilely fabricated by simple printing organic disperse dyes including C.I.Disperse Blue 291,C.I.Disperse Yellow 114,and C.I.Disperse Orange 30(B-291,Y-114 and O-30),and titanium dioxide(TiO_(2))on the viscose fabrics.Based on the excellent red edge property of B-291 and high scattering ability of TiO2,DGM and LGM exhibited generally high spectral correlation coefficients r_(m)(>0.95)with green plant leaves.Moreover,with the great color performance,excellent objects covering performance,low areal density(<146.3 g cm^(−2)),high tensile strength(>7.7 MPa),high softness(>81.27),high air permeability(>45.848 mm s^(−1)),DGM and LGM showed good simulation performance and wearing comfort to satisfy the application needs.This work presents a high-similarity Vis–NIR-CMs as a reference for full-spectrum camouflage materials,as well as low-cost and efficient preparation method is beneficial to the development of camouflage field.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant number 61801512,grant number 62071484)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(grant number BK20180080)to provide fund for conducting experiments。
文摘The object detectors can precisely detect the camouflaged object beyond human perception.The investigations reveal that the CNNs-based(Convolution Neural Networks)detectors are vulnerable to adversarial attacks.Some works can fool detectors by crafting the adversarial camouflage attached to the object,leading to wrong prediction.It is hard for military operations to utilize the existing adversarial camouflage due to its conspicuous appearance.Motivated by this,this paper proposes the Dual Attribute Adversarial Camouflage(DAAC)for evading the detection by both detectors and humans.Generating DAAC includes two steps:(1)Extracting features from a specific type of scene to generate individual soldier digital camouflage;(2)Attaching the adversarial patch with scene features constraint to the individual soldier digital camouflage to generate the adversarial attribute of DAAC.The visual effects of the individual soldier digital camouflage and the adversarial patch will be improved after integrating with the scene features.Experiment results show that objects camouflaged by DAAC are well integrated with background and achieve visual concealment while remaining effective in fooling object detectors,thus evading the detections by both detectors and humans in the digital domain.This work can serve as the reference for crafting the adversarial camouflage in the physical world.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61727823,51873160)the joint research project of Health and Education Commission of Fujian Province(Grant No.2019-WJ-20).
文摘Semiconducting conjugated polymer nanoparticles(SPNs)represent an emerging class of phototheranostic materi-als with great promise for cancer treatment.In this report,low-bandgap electron donoracceptor(DA)-conjugated SPNs with sur-face cloaked by red blood cell membrane(RBCM)are developed for highly e ective photoacoustic imaging and photothermal therapy.The resulting RBCM-coated SPN(SPN@RBCM)displays remarkable near-infrared light absorption and good photosta-bility,as well as high photothermal conver-sion e ciency for photoacoustic imaging and photothermal therapy.Particularly,due to the small size(<5 nm),SPN@RBCM has the advantages of deep tumor penetration and rapid clearance from the body with no appreciable toxicity.The RBCM endows the SPNs with prolonged systematic circulation time,less reticuloendothelial system uptake and reduced immune-recognition,hence improving tumor accumulation after intravenous injection,which provides strong photoacoustic signals and exerts excellent photothermal therapeutic e ects.Thus,this work provides a valuable paradigm for safe and highly e cient tumor pho-toacoustic imaging and photothermal therapy for further clinical translation.
