Phosphate (PO<sub>4</sub><sup style="margin-left:-9px;">3-</sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) and Nitrate (NO<sub>3</sub><sup style="margin-...Phosphate (PO<sub>4</sub><sup style="margin-left:-9px;">3-</sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) and Nitrate (NO<sub>3</sub><sup style="margin-left:-9px;">-</sup></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) are two main nutrients that cause wa</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ter eutrophication. In the other hand, the presence of PO<sub>4</sub><sup style="margin-left:-9px;">3-</sup></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">and NO<sub>3</sub><sup style="margin-left:-9px;">-</sup></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> is </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">needed for plant growth. The aims of this study </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">are </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">to recycl</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">e</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Spent Coffee Ground (SCG) modified with calcium hydroxide for adsorption PO<sub>4</sub><sup style="margin-left:-9px;">3-</sup></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">and NO<sub>3</sub><sup style="margin-left:-9px;">-</sup></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. The optimum adsorption capacity for PO<sub>4</sub><sup style="margin-left:-9px;">3-</sup></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">and NO<sub>3</sub><sup style="margin-left:-9px;">-</sup></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> is 36.74 mg/L and 20.21 mg/L, respectively. The Freundlich isotherm model was suitable for PO<sub>4</sub><sup style="margin-left:-9px;">3-</sup></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">and NO<sub>3</sub><sup style="margin-left:-9px;">-</sup></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> adsorption. The kinetic model for adsorption was linear using Pseudo-second order. The application of modified SCG after enrich</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ment with PO<sub>4</sub><sup style="margin-left:-9px;">3-</sup></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">and NO<sub>3</sub><sup style="margin-left:-9px;">-</sup></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> for plant growth (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Raphanus sativus</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) showed</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> optimum growth at a dose of 0.3% with value of germination index was 203%.</span>展开更多
Zea mays var. saccharata （sweet corn） is an important crops grown for food and feed in the tropics. In Indonesia, most of the land used for crops production is characterized by acid pH and low levels of nitrogen and...Zea mays var. saccharata （sweet corn） is an important crops grown for food and feed in the tropics. In Indonesia, most of the land used for crops production is characterized by acid pH and low levels of nitrogen and phosphorus. Phosphorus fertilizers have been widely used to improve soil fertility in Indonesia. Given the high cost of superphosphate （SP）, the focus is now on rock phosphate （RP） fertilizer, which is relatively cheaper than SP and shows high solubility in acid condition. The combination of RP and manure during the decomposing process and the addition of decomposing microbes may be a promising technique to overcome the problem. A field experiment was conducted on a vertisol soil （low pH and low available nitrogen and phosphorus）. The objective of the research is to evaluate the effect of combinations of manure enriched with RP （granular and non-granular） with three different decomposing microbes （EM4, starTmik and stardec） on sweet corn and dry matter production, phosphorus （P） and calcium （Ca） content in above-ground biomass. A completely randomized design with seven treatments and four replicates was used in this experiment. The size of the plots was 3 m x 2.5 m. The treatments were TO （manure）, T1 （manure ＋ EM4）, T2 （manure ＋ starTmik）, T3 （manure ＋ stardec）, T4 （manure granular ~ EM4）, T5 （manure granular ＋ starTmik）, T6 （manure granular ＋ stardec）. The manure was enriched with RP 66 kg P/ha （150 kg P2Os/ha） and inoculated with the biodecomposer according to the assigned treatment. The manure was applied in a rate of 30 t/ha. All plot received 125 kg KC1/ha （150 kg K20/ha） and 200 kg urea/ha as basal fertilization. Sweet corn was harvested 70 d after planting. Sweet corn plants were cut close to the ground and analyzed for dry matter yield （DM） and P and Ca content in the biomass. Result showed that sweet corn and DM yield and P content were not significantly influenced by the treatments. Ca content in the above-ground biomass, in turn, differed among the treatments. Manure enriched with RP fertilizer was not significantly diferent on Ca content of stover. Thus, it seems that no gain occurs in sweet corn production and nutritive value of stover from the addition of microbes to manure enriched with RP in a acid vertisol soil. In conclusion, manure enriched with RP with or without biodecomposer, in granular or non-granular form, resulted in similar on sweet corn and DM production, P and Ca content of stover.展开更多
文摘Phosphate (PO<sub>4</sub><sup style="margin-left:-9px;">3-</sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) and Nitrate (NO<sub>3</sub><sup style="margin-left:-9px;">-</sup></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) are two main nutrients that cause wa</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ter eutrophication. In the other hand, the presence of PO<sub>4</sub><sup style="margin-left:-9px;">3-</sup></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">and NO<sub>3</sub><sup style="margin-left:-9px;">-</sup></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> is </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">needed for plant growth. The aims of this study </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">are </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">to recycl</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">e</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Spent Coffee Ground (SCG) modified with calcium hydroxide for adsorption PO<sub>4</sub><sup style="margin-left:-9px;">3-</sup></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">and NO<sub>3</sub><sup style="margin-left:-9px;">-</sup></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. The optimum adsorption capacity for PO<sub>4</sub><sup style="margin-left:-9px;">3-</sup></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">and NO<sub>3</sub><sup style="margin-left:-9px;">-</sup></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> is 36.74 mg/L and 20.21 mg/L, respectively. The Freundlich isotherm model was suitable for PO<sub>4</sub><sup style="margin-left:-9px;">3-</sup></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">and NO<sub>3</sub><sup style="margin-left:-9px;">-</sup></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> adsorption. The kinetic model for adsorption was linear using Pseudo-second order. The application of modified SCG after enrich</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ment with PO<sub>4</sub><sup style="margin-left:-9px;">3-</sup></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">and NO<sub>3</sub><sup style="margin-left:-9px;">-</sup></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> for plant growth (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Raphanus sativus</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) showed</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> optimum growth at a dose of 0.3% with value of germination index was 203%.</span>
文摘Zea mays var. saccharata （sweet corn） is an important crops grown for food and feed in the tropics. In Indonesia, most of the land used for crops production is characterized by acid pH and low levels of nitrogen and phosphorus. Phosphorus fertilizers have been widely used to improve soil fertility in Indonesia. Given the high cost of superphosphate （SP）, the focus is now on rock phosphate （RP） fertilizer, which is relatively cheaper than SP and shows high solubility in acid condition. The combination of RP and manure during the decomposing process and the addition of decomposing microbes may be a promising technique to overcome the problem. A field experiment was conducted on a vertisol soil （low pH and low available nitrogen and phosphorus）. The objective of the research is to evaluate the effect of combinations of manure enriched with RP （granular and non-granular） with three different decomposing microbes （EM4, starTmik and stardec） on sweet corn and dry matter production, phosphorus （P） and calcium （Ca） content in above-ground biomass. A completely randomized design with seven treatments and four replicates was used in this experiment. The size of the plots was 3 m x 2.5 m. The treatments were TO （manure）, T1 （manure ＋ EM4）, T2 （manure ＋ starTmik）, T3 （manure ＋ stardec）, T4 （manure granular ~ EM4）, T5 （manure granular ＋ starTmik）, T6 （manure granular ＋ stardec）. The manure was enriched with RP 66 kg P/ha （150 kg P2Os/ha） and inoculated with the biodecomposer according to the assigned treatment. The manure was applied in a rate of 30 t/ha. All plot received 125 kg KC1/ha （150 kg K20/ha） and 200 kg urea/ha as basal fertilization. Sweet corn was harvested 70 d after planting. Sweet corn plants were cut close to the ground and analyzed for dry matter yield （DM） and P and Ca content in the biomass. Result showed that sweet corn and DM yield and P content were not significantly influenced by the treatments. Ca content in the above-ground biomass, in turn, differed among the treatments. Manure enriched with RP fertilizer was not significantly diferent on Ca content of stover. Thus, it seems that no gain occurs in sweet corn production and nutritive value of stover from the addition of microbes to manure enriched with RP in a acid vertisol soil. In conclusion, manure enriched with RP with or without biodecomposer, in granular or non-granular form, resulted in similar on sweet corn and DM production, P and Ca content of stover.
