介绍了一种新型的大规模蓄能技术——压缩空气蓄能(Compressed Air Energy Storage,CAES),CAES系统响应快、容量大、成本低、寿命长,逐渐成为了全球第二大蓄能技术。根据CAES系统的容量不同,将CAES系统划分为大型CAES、小型CAES和微型CA...介绍了一种新型的大规模蓄能技术——压缩空气蓄能(Compressed Air Energy Storage,CAES),CAES系统响应快、容量大、成本低、寿命长,逐渐成为了全球第二大蓄能技术。根据CAES系统的容量不同,将CAES系统划分为大型CAES、小型CAES和微型CAES 3种,并针对3种不同容量级的CAES,详细介绍了其组成及现状,对技术特点与难点和应用领域及场景进行了分析与概述。对CAES系统的研究方向与发展前景进行了展望。展开更多
Besides pumped hydropower, Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES) is the other solution for large energy storage capacity. It can balance fluctuations in supply and demand of electricity. CAES is essential part of smart...Besides pumped hydropower, Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES) is the other solution for large energy storage capacity. It can balance fluctuations in supply and demand of electricity. CAES is essential part of smart power grids. Linked with the flow structure and dynamic characteristic of electricity generation subsystem and its components, a simulation model is proposed. Thermo-dynamical performance on off-design conditions have been analyzed with constant air mass flux and constant gas combustion temperature. Some simulation diagrams of curve are plotted too. The contrast of varied operation mode thermal performance is made between CAES power plant and simple gas turbine power plant.展开更多
Renewable energies including solar and wind are intermittent,causing difficulty in connection to conventional power grids due to instability of output duty.Compressed air energy storage(CAES)in underground caverns has...Renewable energies including solar and wind are intermittent,causing difficulty in connection to conventional power grids due to instability of output duty.Compressed air energy storage(CAES)in underground caverns has been considered a potential large-scale energy storage technology.In order to explore the gas injection char-acteristic of underground cavern,a detailed thermodynamic model of the system is established in the process modelling software gPROMS.The four subsystem models,i.e.the compressor,heat exchanger,underground cavern storage and expander,are connected with inlet-outlet equilibrium of flow rate/pressure/temperature to form an integrated CAES system model in gPROMS.The maximum air pressure and temperature in the cavern are focused to interrogate the critical condition of the cavern during the injection process.When analyzing the mass flow rate-pressure ratio relationship,it’s found that under specified operating conditions,an increase in mass flow rate can lead to a higher pressure ratio.Compression power demand also escalates significantly with increasing mass flow rates,underscoring the system’s energy-intensive nature.Additionally,the cooler outlet energy rate progressively decreases,becoming increasingly negative as the mass flow rate increases.These in-sights offer critical theoretical foundations for optimizing practical efficiency of CAES.展开更多
先进绝热压缩空气储能系统(advanced adiabatic compressed air energy storage system,AA-CAES)是一种清洁、环保的大规模储能技术,能够为可再生能源并网及电网调峰提供新的解决方案。为了深入研究压气机模型对变工况下AA-CAES系统运...先进绝热压缩空气储能系统(advanced adiabatic compressed air energy storage system,AA-CAES)是一种清洁、环保的大规模储能技术,能够为可再生能源并网及电网调峰提供新的解决方案。为了深入研究压气机模型对变工况下AA-CAES系统运行性能的影响,本文在传统模型的基础上添加了压气机效率模型。求解系统模型发现:相对于储气室最高压比,换热器效能对储能效率的影响较大,换热器效能每提高0.05,储能效率平均提高2.9%;随着储气室最高压比的上升,储能密度近似呈线性增加;AA-CAES系统在储能阶段,稳定运行的前两级压气机功率保持不变,非稳定运行的第3级压气机功率随储气室压比的升高而逐渐增大,储能阶段结束时第3级压气机耗功最多。展开更多
Compressed Air Energy Storage(CAES) has tremendous promotional value in the intermittent renewable energy supply systems. CAES has special requirements for compressor(e.g. heavy load, high pressure ratio, wide range)....Compressed Air Energy Storage(CAES) has tremendous promotional value in the intermittent renewable energy supply systems. CAES has special requirements for compressor(e.g. heavy load, high pressure ratio, wide range). With advantages of higher efficiency and wider operation range, IGC(Integrally Geared Compressors) is selected to fulfill the special requirements of the large-scale CAES. To get a better aerodynamic performance, in this paper, based on the analysis of internal flow of centrifugal compressor, a multi-objective one-dimensional optimization design program was put forward combined with modified Two-Zone model and a low solidity vaned diffuser(LSVD) design method. Then, a centrifugal compressor aerodynamic component optimization design system was established with the three-dimensional blade optimization design method based on neural network and genetic optimization algorithm. Then a validation was done by redesigning the Krain-Impeller to get better performance. Finally, the aerodynamic design of the first stage of IGC was completed. The CFD calculation results indicated that the total-to-total pressure ratio of the first stage was 2.51 and the polytropic efficiency was 91.0% at the design point. What’s more, an operation margin and surge margin of the compressor was about 26.5% and 16.4% respectively.展开更多
It is usually to conduct a full-scale three-dimensional flow analysis for a radial turbine to find a way to increase the efficiency of a Compressed Air Energy Storage(CAES)system.However,long solving time and huge con...It is usually to conduct a full-scale three-dimensional flow analysis for a radial turbine to find a way to increase the efficiency of a Compressed Air Energy Storage(CAES)system.However,long solving time and huge consumption of computing resources become a major obstacle to the analysis.Therefore,in present study,a surrogate model with test data-based multi-layer perceptron(MLP)Neural Network is proposed to overcome the difficulty.Instead of complex flow field solving process,it provides reliable turbine aerodynamic performance and flow field distribution characteristics in a short solution time by“learning the measurement results”.The validation results illustrated that the predicted maximum relative errors of isentropic efficiency,corrected mass flow rate and corrected power are only 0.03%,0.22%and 0.26%respectively.The predicted flow distribution parameters in chamber,shroud cavity and outlet region of rotor are also basically consistent with the experimental results.In the chamber,it can be found that a pressure stagnation point is observed at circumferential angle of 270°when total pressure ratio is decreased.In the shroud cavity,obvious pressure variation is found near outlet of shroud cavity which although labyrinth seals exist.At outlet of rotor,obvious variations of velocity and pressure are found in the 0.0–0.4 and 0.6–0.8 of blade height.At the same time,obvious variations of velocity and pressure are found in the 0.0–0.4 and 0.6–0.8 of blade height and this is because the influence of upper passage vortex,lower passage vortex and end wall secondary flow.The present study can provide further reference for the dynamic performance evaluation of CAES radial inflow turbine.展开更多
【目的】天然气补燃型压缩空气储能(compressed air energy storage,CAES)系统存在环境污染问题,氢气作为替代燃料不会造成温室气体排放,但现阶段对纯氢补燃型CAES系统的技术经济可行性认识不足,因此有必要开展相关研究。【方法】基于[...【目的】天然气补燃型压缩空气储能(compressed air energy storage,CAES)系统存在环境污染问题,氢气作为替代燃料不会造成温室气体排放,但现阶段对纯氢补燃型CAES系统的技术经济可行性认识不足,因此有必要开展相关研究。【方法】基于[火用]和[火用]经济分析方法,进行了纯氢补燃型和天然气补燃型CAES系统的对比分析,重点关注其热力学性能、不可逆损失分布、经济性和[火用]经济性的影响。此外,探讨了两者参数敏感性。【结果】纯氢补燃型CAES系统在放电时间、储能密度和[火用]效率方面均优于天然气补燃型CAES系统;由于氢气成本高于天然气,纯氢补燃型CAES系统的产品平均[火用]成本为155.62美元/GJ,显著高于天然气补燃型CAES系统对应的27.57美元/GJ;为使纯氢补燃型CAES系统具备与天然气补燃型CAES系统相同的商用竞争力,推荐售电价格为0.2062美元/(kW·h);此外,纯氢补燃型CAES系统对参数变化更加敏感,在高参数条件下可实现更好的性能提升和成本降低。【结论】研究成果揭示了纯氢补燃型CAES系统的应用潜力,并为其进一步商业推广提供了技术参考。展开更多
文摘介绍了一种新型的大规模蓄能技术——压缩空气蓄能(Compressed Air Energy Storage,CAES),CAES系统响应快、容量大、成本低、寿命长,逐渐成为了全球第二大蓄能技术。根据CAES系统的容量不同,将CAES系统划分为大型CAES、小型CAES和微型CAES 3种,并针对3种不同容量级的CAES,详细介绍了其组成及现状,对技术特点与难点和应用领域及场景进行了分析与概述。对CAES系统的研究方向与发展前景进行了展望。
基金National Key R&D Plan(2017YFB0903602)The frontier science research project of CAS(QYZDB-SSW-JSC023)Transformational Technologies for Clean Energy and Demonstration,Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA21070200)
文摘Besides pumped hydropower, Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES) is the other solution for large energy storage capacity. It can balance fluctuations in supply and demand of electricity. CAES is essential part of smart power grids. Linked with the flow structure and dynamic characteristic of electricity generation subsystem and its components, a simulation model is proposed. Thermo-dynamical performance on off-design conditions have been analyzed with constant air mass flux and constant gas combustion temperature. Some simulation diagrams of curve are plotted too. The contrast of varied operation mode thermal performance is made between CAES power plant and simple gas turbine power plant.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China Excellent Young Scientists Fund Program,Deep Earth Probe and Mineral Resources Exploration-National Science and Technology Major Project(grant No.2024ZD1004105)Shandong Excellent Young Scientists Fund Program(Overseas)(grant No.2022HWYQ-020)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(grant No.JCYJ20220530141016036,GJHZ20240218113359001).
文摘Renewable energies including solar and wind are intermittent,causing difficulty in connection to conventional power grids due to instability of output duty.Compressed air energy storage(CAES)in underground caverns has been considered a potential large-scale energy storage technology.In order to explore the gas injection char-acteristic of underground cavern,a detailed thermodynamic model of the system is established in the process modelling software gPROMS.The four subsystem models,i.e.the compressor,heat exchanger,underground cavern storage and expander,are connected with inlet-outlet equilibrium of flow rate/pressure/temperature to form an integrated CAES system model in gPROMS.The maximum air pressure and temperature in the cavern are focused to interrogate the critical condition of the cavern during the injection process.When analyzing the mass flow rate-pressure ratio relationship,it’s found that under specified operating conditions,an increase in mass flow rate can lead to a higher pressure ratio.Compression power demand also escalates significantly with increasing mass flow rates,underscoring the system’s energy-intensive nature.Additionally,the cooler outlet energy rate progressively decreases,becoming increasingly negative as the mass flow rate increases.These in-sights offer critical theoretical foundations for optimizing practical efficiency of CAES.
文摘先进绝热压缩空气储能系统(advanced adiabatic compressed air energy storage system,AA-CAES)是一种清洁、环保的大规模储能技术,能够为可再生能源并网及电网调峰提供新的解决方案。为了深入研究压气机模型对变工况下AA-CAES系统运行性能的影响,本文在传统模型的基础上添加了压气机效率模型。求解系统模型发现:相对于储气室最高压比,换热器效能对储能效率的影响较大,换热器效能每提高0.05,储能效率平均提高2.9%;随着储气室最高压比的上升,储能密度近似呈线性增加;AA-CAES系统在储能阶段,稳定运行的前两级压气机功率保持不变,非稳定运行的第3级压气机功率随储气室压比的升高而逐渐增大,储能阶段结束时第3级压气机耗功最多。
基金This research was supported by the National Key R&D Plan of China (Grant No. 2017YFB0903602)Newton Advanced Fellowship of the Royal Society (Grant No. NA170093)+1 种基金the Transformational Technologies for Clean Energy and Demonstration, Strategic Priority Research Program of CAS (Grant No. XDA21070200)the Frontier Science Research Project of CAS (Grant No. QYZDB-SSW-JSC023).
文摘Compressed Air Energy Storage(CAES) has tremendous promotional value in the intermittent renewable energy supply systems. CAES has special requirements for compressor(e.g. heavy load, high pressure ratio, wide range). With advantages of higher efficiency and wider operation range, IGC(Integrally Geared Compressors) is selected to fulfill the special requirements of the large-scale CAES. To get a better aerodynamic performance, in this paper, based on the analysis of internal flow of centrifugal compressor, a multi-objective one-dimensional optimization design program was put forward combined with modified Two-Zone model and a low solidity vaned diffuser(LSVD) design method. Then, a centrifugal compressor aerodynamic component optimization design system was established with the three-dimensional blade optimization design method based on neural network and genetic optimization algorithm. Then a validation was done by redesigning the Krain-Impeller to get better performance. Finally, the aerodynamic design of the first stage of IGC was completed. The CFD calculation results indicated that the total-to-total pressure ratio of the first stage was 2.51 and the polytropic efficiency was 91.0% at the design point. What’s more, an operation margin and surge margin of the compressor was about 26.5% and 16.4% respectively.
基金supported by Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinses Academy of Sciences(51925604)National Natural Science Foundation of China(51806211)The Science and Technology Foundation of Guizhou Province(No.[2019]1285).
文摘It is usually to conduct a full-scale three-dimensional flow analysis for a radial turbine to find a way to increase the efficiency of a Compressed Air Energy Storage(CAES)system.However,long solving time and huge consumption of computing resources become a major obstacle to the analysis.Therefore,in present study,a surrogate model with test data-based multi-layer perceptron(MLP)Neural Network is proposed to overcome the difficulty.Instead of complex flow field solving process,it provides reliable turbine aerodynamic performance and flow field distribution characteristics in a short solution time by“learning the measurement results”.The validation results illustrated that the predicted maximum relative errors of isentropic efficiency,corrected mass flow rate and corrected power are only 0.03%,0.22%and 0.26%respectively.The predicted flow distribution parameters in chamber,shroud cavity and outlet region of rotor are also basically consistent with the experimental results.In the chamber,it can be found that a pressure stagnation point is observed at circumferential angle of 270°when total pressure ratio is decreased.In the shroud cavity,obvious pressure variation is found near outlet of shroud cavity which although labyrinth seals exist.At outlet of rotor,obvious variations of velocity and pressure are found in the 0.0–0.4 and 0.6–0.8 of blade height.At the same time,obvious variations of velocity and pressure are found in the 0.0–0.4 and 0.6–0.8 of blade height and this is because the influence of upper passage vortex,lower passage vortex and end wall secondary flow.The present study can provide further reference for the dynamic performance evaluation of CAES radial inflow turbine.
文摘【目的】天然气补燃型压缩空气储能(compressed air energy storage,CAES)系统存在环境污染问题,氢气作为替代燃料不会造成温室气体排放,但现阶段对纯氢补燃型CAES系统的技术经济可行性认识不足,因此有必要开展相关研究。【方法】基于[火用]和[火用]经济分析方法,进行了纯氢补燃型和天然气补燃型CAES系统的对比分析,重点关注其热力学性能、不可逆损失分布、经济性和[火用]经济性的影响。此外,探讨了两者参数敏感性。【结果】纯氢补燃型CAES系统在放电时间、储能密度和[火用]效率方面均优于天然气补燃型CAES系统;由于氢气成本高于天然气,纯氢补燃型CAES系统的产品平均[火用]成本为155.62美元/GJ,显著高于天然气补燃型CAES系统对应的27.57美元/GJ;为使纯氢补燃型CAES系统具备与天然气补燃型CAES系统相同的商用竞争力,推荐售电价格为0.2062美元/(kW·h);此外,纯氢补燃型CAES系统对参数变化更加敏感,在高参数条件下可实现更好的性能提升和成本降低。【结论】研究成果揭示了纯氢补燃型CAES系统的应用潜力,并为其进一步商业推广提供了技术参考。
