BACKGROUND John Henryism(JH)is a strategy for dealing with chronic psychological stress characterized by high levels of physical effort and work.Cynicism is a belief that people are motivated primarily by self-interes...BACKGROUND John Henryism(JH)is a strategy for dealing with chronic psychological stress characterized by high levels of physical effort and work.Cynicism is a belief that people are motivated primarily by self-interest.High scores on the JH scale and cynicism measures correlate with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease.High cynicism is also a hallmark of burnout syndrome,another known risk factor for heart disease.AIM To evaluate possible interactions between JH and cynicism hoping to clarify risk factors of burnout.METHODS We analyzed genetic and psychological data available from the Database of Genotypes and Phenotypes for genome-wide associations with these traits.We split the total available samples and used plink to perform the association studies on the discovery set(n=1852,80%)and tested for replication using the validation set(n=465).We used scikit-learn to perform supervised machine learning for developing genetic risk algorithms.RESULTS We identified 2,727,and 204 genetic associations for scores on the JH,cynicism and cynical distrust(CD)scales,respectively.We also found 173 associations with high cynicism,109 with high CD,but no associations with high JH.We also produced polygenic classifiers for high cynicism using machine learning with areas under the receiver operator characteristics curve greater than 0.7.CONCLUSION We found significant genetic components to these traits but no evidence of an interaction.Therefore,while there may be a genetic risk,JH is not likely a burnout risk factor.展开更多
In this thesis,compared with pioneer ladies,Alexandra and Antonia,the lost ladies Mrs.Forrest and Myra Henshawe worshipped mammonism as its slaves,hypocritical Christians rather than devoted disciples,unbuttoned hedon...In this thesis,compared with pioneer ladies,Alexandra and Antonia,the lost ladies Mrs.Forrest and Myra Henshawe worshipped mammonism as its slaves,hypocritical Christians rather than devoted disciples,unbuttoned hedonists rather than weather-beaten and down-to-earth innovators.Cynically fear of poverty,those depraved ladies elegized the previous ostenta tious years contrasted to those industrious pioneers of anti-temptation,immune to hedonism and materialism,and died nameless ly,a symbol of decadence of the pioneering age.展开更多
In his final lectures,Michel Foucault highlighted Diderot’s Rameau’s Nephew as pivotal in the history of the transmission and metamorphosis of Cynicism(Foucault 2012,191).This article investigates and repudiates Fou...In his final lectures,Michel Foucault highlighted Diderot’s Rameau’s Nephew as pivotal in the history of the transmission and metamorphosis of Cynicism(Foucault 2012,191).This article investigates and repudiates Foucault’s conception of the evolution of ancient Cynicism in Diderot’s Rameau’s Nephew during the Enlightenment,focusing on parrhêsia,free speech,or outspokenness.It examines how Diogenes of Sinope’s ethos of truth-telling deviates from its original sense and degenerates into mockery among the Enlightenment cynics in the shift of discourse from the agora to the public spheres like the Caféde Régence.Rameau’s nephew epitomizes modern cynicism,embodying various facets such as satire,misanthropy,and a disdain for societal norms.He challenges sacred values such as truth and truthfulness with sarcasm or indifference in the public sphere of the Enlightenment.Though aspiring to practice parrhêsia,the nephew’s speech deconstructs morality,while his actions seem puppet-like.He oscillates between animality and a“second nature”shaped by rationality.Modern cynics,such as the nephew,contend that all public opinions that dictates decisions are often driven by self-interest.They lack autonomy,resorting to farce or sarcasm when thwarted.In essence,the modern cynicism in the Enlightenment shows great discrepancies from the parrhêsiastic classical Cynicism and leads to a complex interplay of freedom of speech,societal critique,and individualism.Modern cynicism,born from the Enlightenment’s failures,embodies an“enlightened false consciousness.”It culminates in a modern cynical worldview shaped by societal disillusionment and the failure of the Enlightenment ideals.展开更多
According to Angelica Duran and Yuhan Huang, Mo Yan＇s ＂artistic works＂ are ＂towering within the literatures of the world.＂ His novel Si shi yi pao （Pow!, 2o12） offers one of the clearest recent examples of what...According to Angelica Duran and Yuhan Huang, Mo Yan＇s ＂artistic works＂ are ＂towering within the literatures of the world.＂ His novel Si shi yi pao （Pow!, 2o12） offers one of the clearest recent examples of what Shelley W. Chan calls Mo＇s ＂postmodern playfulness.＂ In his afterword to Pow! Mo says that the story ＂gives way to an improvisation that swings between reality and illusion,＂ thus suggesting the notion of ＂hallucinatory realism＂ as a ＂blending＂ or ＂merging＂ of the illusory and the real. This article examines the ideology--that is, the class politics of consciousness--of this swingy postmodern storytelling, taking a critical view of Mo＇s playfully bold assertion： ＂I＇ve always taken pride in my lack of ideology, especially when I＇m writing.＂ I argue that the swinginess of ＂imagination＂ in Pow! embodies what Marx calls a ＂happy confusion＂ that （re）articulates the ＂post＂-class doctrine of ＂combine two into one.＂展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND John Henryism(JH)is a strategy for dealing with chronic psychological stress characterized by high levels of physical effort and work.Cynicism is a belief that people are motivated primarily by self-interest.High scores on the JH scale and cynicism measures correlate with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease.High cynicism is also a hallmark of burnout syndrome,another known risk factor for heart disease.AIM To evaluate possible interactions between JH and cynicism hoping to clarify risk factors of burnout.METHODS We analyzed genetic and psychological data available from the Database of Genotypes and Phenotypes for genome-wide associations with these traits.We split the total available samples and used plink to perform the association studies on the discovery set(n=1852,80%)and tested for replication using the validation set(n=465).We used scikit-learn to perform supervised machine learning for developing genetic risk algorithms.RESULTS We identified 2,727,and 204 genetic associations for scores on the JH,cynicism and cynical distrust(CD)scales,respectively.We also found 173 associations with high cynicism,109 with high CD,but no associations with high JH.We also produced polygenic classifiers for high cynicism using machine learning with areas under the receiver operator characteristics curve greater than 0.7.CONCLUSION We found significant genetic components to these traits but no evidence of an interaction.Therefore,while there may be a genetic risk,JH is not likely a burnout risk factor.
文摘In this thesis,compared with pioneer ladies,Alexandra and Antonia,the lost ladies Mrs.Forrest and Myra Henshawe worshipped mammonism as its slaves,hypocritical Christians rather than devoted disciples,unbuttoned hedonists rather than weather-beaten and down-to-earth innovators.Cynically fear of poverty,those depraved ladies elegized the previous ostenta tious years contrasted to those industrious pioneers of anti-temptation,immune to hedonism and materialism,and died nameless ly,a symbol of decadence of the pioneering age.
基金supported by Tsinghua University Initiative Scientific Research Program and the Cyrus Tang Foundation.
文摘In his final lectures,Michel Foucault highlighted Diderot’s Rameau’s Nephew as pivotal in the history of the transmission and metamorphosis of Cynicism(Foucault 2012,191).This article investigates and repudiates Foucault’s conception of the evolution of ancient Cynicism in Diderot’s Rameau’s Nephew during the Enlightenment,focusing on parrhêsia,free speech,or outspokenness.It examines how Diogenes of Sinope’s ethos of truth-telling deviates from its original sense and degenerates into mockery among the Enlightenment cynics in the shift of discourse from the agora to the public spheres like the Caféde Régence.Rameau’s nephew epitomizes modern cynicism,embodying various facets such as satire,misanthropy,and a disdain for societal norms.He challenges sacred values such as truth and truthfulness with sarcasm or indifference in the public sphere of the Enlightenment.Though aspiring to practice parrhêsia,the nephew’s speech deconstructs morality,while his actions seem puppet-like.He oscillates between animality and a“second nature”shaped by rationality.Modern cynics,such as the nephew,contend that all public opinions that dictates decisions are often driven by self-interest.They lack autonomy,resorting to farce or sarcasm when thwarted.In essence,the modern cynicism in the Enlightenment shows great discrepancies from the parrhêsiastic classical Cynicism and leads to a complex interplay of freedom of speech,societal critique,and individualism.Modern cynicism,born from the Enlightenment’s failures,embodies an“enlightened false consciousness.”It culminates in a modern cynical worldview shaped by societal disillusionment and the failure of the Enlightenment ideals.
文摘According to Angelica Duran and Yuhan Huang, Mo Yan＇s ＂artistic works＂ are ＂towering within the literatures of the world.＂ His novel Si shi yi pao （Pow!, 2o12） offers one of the clearest recent examples of what Shelley W. Chan calls Mo＇s ＂postmodern playfulness.＂ In his afterword to Pow! Mo says that the story ＂gives way to an improvisation that swings between reality and illusion,＂ thus suggesting the notion of ＂hallucinatory realism＂ as a ＂blending＂ or ＂merging＂ of the illusory and the real. This article examines the ideology--that is, the class politics of consciousness--of this swingy postmodern storytelling, taking a critical view of Mo＇s playfully bold assertion： ＂I＇ve always taken pride in my lack of ideology, especially when I＇m writing.＂ I argue that the swinginess of ＂imagination＂ in Pow! embodies what Marx calls a ＂happy confusion＂ that （re）articulates the ＂post＂-class doctrine of ＂combine two into one.＂
