Photothermal therapy(PTT)is a non-invasive and highly selective tumor treatment.However,it triggers an inflammatory reaction and other adverse effects,including damage to the surrounding healthy tissue and an increase...Photothermal therapy(PTT)is a non-invasive and highly selective tumor treatment.However,it triggers an inflammatory reaction and other adverse effects,including damage to the surrounding healthy tissue and an increased risk of tumor proliferation and metastasis.The cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2)/prostaglandin E2(PGE2)pathway plays a crucial role in regulating tumor development.In this study,we revealed that PTT activates the COX-2/PGE2 pathway.To mitigate the PTT-induced inflammation,based on polydopamine(PDA)and HS-β-cyclodextrin(HS-β-CD),we constructed a photothermal/anti-inflammatory nanoparticle system(named ICG@PDA-β-CD/CEL)loaded with the anti-inflammatory drug celecoxib(CEL)and the photosensitizer indocyanine green(ICG),which targets COX-2.This system helps PTT by(1)reducing pro-inflammatory molecules such as PGE2,tumor necrosis factor-α,and interleukin-6 and inhibiting the COX-2 and nuclear factor kappa-B signaling pathways,(2)suppressing vascular endothelial growth factor production to inhibit tumor angiogenesis,and(3)preventing tumor cell migration and invasion.Further results indicated that ICG@PDA-β-CD/CEL significantly curtailed tumor cell invasion and migration in vitro and suppressed the COX-2/PGE2 pathway in vivo,thereby markedly inhibiting both orthotopic tumor growth and metastasis.ICG@PDA-β-CD/CEL exhibits potent antitumor effects through its combined anti-inflammatory and photothermal therapies,providing a promising strategy for alleviating PTT-related adverse effects.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To determine the effect of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)Fuzheng Xuanfei Huashi prescription(扶正宣肺化湿方,FZXF)on lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced pneumonia in mice and identify the mechanism of FZXF in ...OBJECTIVE:To determine the effect of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)Fuzheng Xuanfei Huashi prescription(扶正宣肺化湿方,FZXF)on lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced pneumonia in mice and identify the mechanism of FZXF in the treatment of LPS-induced lung inflammation.METHODS:The pneumonia model was established by intraperitoneal injection of 5 mg/kg LPS in mice.Cytokines were detected by enzyme-linked immuneosorbent assay(ELISA),macrophages in lung tissue were determined by immunofluorescence,and pathwayrelated data were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qPCR)and Western blot.RESULTS:The liver,thymus,and spleen index values and the levels of aspartate aminotransferase(AST)and alanine aminotransferase(ALT)obviously increased in LPS-treated mice.FZXF decreased the white blood cell count and reduced the increase in the lung wet weight/dry weight ratio caused by LPS.The hematoxylin-eosin staining result showed that FZXF could maintain the integrity of lung tissue structure,alleviate interstitial oedema and alveolar wall thickening,and reduce inflammatory cell infiltration.Moreover,FZXF markedly reduced the expression of proinflammatory cytokines.FZXF also significantly reduced LPS-induced malondialdehyde production and increased superoxide dismutase level in the lung.By immunofluorescence,we found that FZXF could reduce macrophage infiltration.The mRNA expression levels of cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2),prostaglandin E2(PGE2),toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)and nuclear transcription factorκB(NF-κB)in the lung tissue of mice were decreased by treatment with FZXF.In addition,FZXF inhibited the protein expression of TLR4,p-p65 and COX-2.These results indicated that FZXF could inhibit the inflammatory response of LPS induced cytokine storm in mice through TLR4/NF-κB and COX-2/PGE2 signaling pathway.CONCLUSION:These findings were suggested that FZXF prescription suppresses inflammation in LPSinduced pneumonia in mice via TLR4/NF-κB and COX-2/PGE2 pathway.展开更多
Walnut dreg protein hydrolysates(WDPHs)exhibit a variety of biological activities,however,the cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2)inhibitory peptide of WDPHs remain unclear.The aim of this study was to rapidly screen for such pept...Walnut dreg protein hydrolysates(WDPHs)exhibit a variety of biological activities,however,the cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2)inhibitory peptide of WDPHs remain unclear.The aim of this study was to rapidly screen for such peptides in WDPHs through a combination of in silico and in vitro analysis.In total,1262 peptide sequences were observed by nano liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry(nano LC-MS/MS)and 4 novel COX-2 inhibitory peptides(AGFP,FPGA,LFPD,and VGFP)were identified.Enzyme kinetic data indicated that AGFP,FPGA,and LFPD displayed mixed-type COX-2 inhibition,whereas VGFP was a non-competitive inhibitor.This is mainly because the peptides form hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions with residues in the COX-2 active site.These results demonstrate that computer analysis combined with in vitro evaluation allows for rapid screening of COX-2 inhibitory peptides in walnut protein dregs.展开更多
Objective： The purpose of this study was to evaluate cyclooxygenase-2 （COX-2） expression in nasopharyngeal carcinoma （NPC） and its correlation with clinicopathologic features, angiogenesis, and prognosis. Methods...Objective： The purpose of this study was to evaluate cyclooxygenase-2 （COX-2） expression in nasopharyngeal carcinoma （NPC） and its correlation with clinicopathologic features, angiogenesis, and prognosis. Methods： The expressions of COX-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） and microvascular density （MVD） were determined with immunohistochemical methods in eighty-six NPC patients followed up over 5 years. Results： Sixty-three tumors （73.3%） were classified as COX-2 positive. COX-2 expression was positively related to VEGF expression （r=0.438, P〈0.01） and correlated with the tumor pathological grade, extent of primary lesion, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis and shorter survival. Conclusion： Our results suggest that COX-2, being highly expressed and strongly correlated with angiogenesis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma, is apt to be used as a predictor of prognosis, including local recurrence and distant metastasis.展开更多
Although the incidence of gastric cancer has been declining in recent decades,it remains a major public health issue as the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide.In China,gastric cancer is still the main caus...Although the incidence of gastric cancer has been declining in recent decades,it remains a major public health issue as the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide.In China,gastric cancer is still the main cause of death in patients with malignant tumors.Most patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage and mortality is high.Cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2)is a ratelimiting enzyme in prostanoid synthesis and plays an important role in the development and progression of gastric cancer.The expression of COX-2 in gastric cancer is upregulated and its molecular mechanisms have been investigated.Helicobacter pylori infection,tumor suppressor gene mutation and the activation of nuclear factor-kappa B may be responsible for the elevated expression of COX-2 in gastric cancer.The mechanisms of COX-2 in the development and progression of gastric cancer are probably through promoting the proliferation of gastric cancer cells,while inhibiting apoptosis,assisting angiogenesis and lymphatic metastasis,and participating in cancer invasion and immunosuppression.This review is intended to discuss,comment and summarize recent research progress on the role of COX-2 in gastric cancer development and progression,and elucidate the molecular mechanisms which might be involved in the carcinogenesis.展开更多
Selective cyclooxygenase （COX）-2 inhibitors （coxibs） were developed as one of the anti-inflammatory drugs to avoid the various side effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs （NSAIDs）. However, coxibs also...Selective cyclooxygenase （COX）-2 inhibitors （coxibs） were developed as one of the anti-inflammatory drugs to avoid the various side effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs （NSAIDs）. However, coxibs also have an ability to inhibit tumor development of various kinds the same way that NSAIDs do. Many experimental studies using cell lines and animal models demonstrated an ability to prevent tumor proliferation of COX-2 inhibitors. After performing a randomized study for polyp chemoprevention study in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis （FAP）, which showed that the treatment with celecoxib, one of the coxibs, significantly reduced the number of colorectal polyps in 2000, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration （FDA） immediately approved the clinical use of celecoxib for FAP patients. However, some coxibs were recently reported to increase the risk of serious cardiovascular events including heart attack and stroke. In this article we review a role of COX-2 in carcinogenesis of gastrointestinal tract, such as the esophagus, stomach and colorectum, and also analyze the prospect of coxibs for chemoprevention of gastrointestinal tract tumors.展开更多
ABM: Recent studies suggested that cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enhances tumor angiogenesis via upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Although COX-2 expression has been demonstrated in hepatocellular ...ABM: Recent studies suggested that cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enhances tumor angiogenesis via upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Although COX-2 expression has been demonstrated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the significance of COX-2 in progression of HCC remains unclear. This study evaluated the clinico-pathological correlation of COX-2 level and its relationship with VEGF level in HCC. METHODS: Fresh tumor tissues were obtained from 100 patients who underwent resection of HCC. COX-2 protein expression was examined by immunohistochemistry, and quantitatively by an enzyme immunometric assay (EIA) of tumor cytosolic COX-2 levels. Tumor cytosolic VEGF levels were measured by an ELISA. RESULTS: Immunostaining showed expression of COX-2 in tumor cells. Tumor cytosolic COX-2 levels correlated with VEGF levels (r = 0.469,P<0.001). Correlation with clinicopathological features showed significantly higher tumor cytosolic COX-2 levels in the presence of multiple tumors (P = 0.027), venous invasion (P = 0.030), microsatellite lesions (P=0.037) and advanced tumor stage (P = 0.008). Higher tumor cytosolic COX-2 levels were associated with worse patient survival. CONCLUSION: This study shows that elevated tumor COX-2 levels correlate with elevated VEGF levels and invasiveness in HCC, suggesting that COX-2 plays a significant role in the progression of HCC.展开更多
AIM: To evaluate immunoexpression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in primary gastric carcinomas and respective lymph node metastases. METHODS: Immunohistochemistry to analyze COX-2 expression was performed on tissue micro...AIM: To evaluate immunoexpression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in primary gastric carcinomas and respective lymph node metastases. METHODS: Immunohistochemistry to analyze COX-2 expression was performed on tissue microarray slices obtained from 36 specimens of gastrectomy and satellite lymph nodes from patients with gastric carcinoma. RESULTS: Immunostaining was seen in most cases, and COX-2 expression was higher in lymph node me-tastases than in corresponding primary gastric tumors of intestinal, diffuse and mixed carcinomas, with a statistically signif icant difference in the diffuse histotype (P = 0.0108). CONCLUSION: COX-2 immunoexpression occurs frequently in primary gastric carcinomas, but higher expression of this enzyme is observed in lymph node metastases of the diffuse histotype.展开更多
Gastric cancer is one of the most frequent neoplasms and a main cause of death worldwide, especially in China and Japan. Numerous epidemiological, animal and experimental studies support a positive association between...Gastric cancer is one of the most frequent neoplasms and a main cause of death worldwide, especially in China and Japan. Numerous epidemiological, animal and experimental studies support a positive association between chronic Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) infection and the development of gastric cancer. However, the exact mechanism whereby H. pylori causes gastric carcinogenesis remains unclear. It has been demonstrated that expression of cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2) is elevated in gastric carcinomas and in their precursor lesions. In this review, we present the latest clinical and experimental evidence showing the role of gastrin and COX-2 in H. pylori-infected patients and their possible association with gastric cancer risk.展开更多
Cohesive scientific evidence from molecular, animal, and human investigations supports the hypothesis that constitutive overexpression of cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2) is a ubiquitous driver of mammary carcinogenesis, and r...Cohesive scientific evidence from molecular, animal, and human investigations supports the hypothesis that constitutive overexpression of cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2) is a ubiquitous driver of mammary carcinogenesis, and reciprocally, that COX-2 blockade has strong potential for breast cancer prevention and therapy. Key findings include the following:(1) COX-2 is constitutively expressed throughout breast cancer development and expression intensifies with stage at detection, cancer progression and metastasis;(2) essential features of mammary carcinogenesis(mutagenesis, mitogenesis, angiogenesis, reduced apoptosis, metastasis and immunosuppression) are linked to COX-2-driven prostaglandin E2(PGE-2) biosynthesis;(3) upregulation of COX-2 and PGE-2 expression induces transcription of CYP-19 and aromatase-catalyzed estrogen biosynthesis which stimulates unbridled mitogenesis;(4) extrahe-patic CYP-1B1 in mammary adipose tissue converts paracrine estrogen to carcinogenic quinones with mutagenic impact; and(5) agents that inhibit COX-2 reduce the risk of breast cancer in women without disease and reduce recurrence risk and mortality in women with breast cancer. Recent sharp increases in global breast cancer incidence and mortality are likely driven by chronic inflammation of mammary adipose and upregulation of COX-2 associated with the obesity pandemic. The totality of evidence clearly supports the supposition that mammary carcinogenesis often evolves as a progressive series of highly specific cellular and molecular changes in response to induction of constitutive overexpression of COX-2 and the prostaglandin cascade in the "inflammogenesis of breast cancer".展开更多
The interplay between inflammation and cancer progression is a growing area of research. A combination of clinical, epidemiological, and basic science investigations indicate that there is a relationship between infla...The interplay between inflammation and cancer progression is a growing area of research. A combination of clinical, epidemiological, and basic science investigations indicate that there is a relationship between inflammatory changes in the pancreas and neoplastic progression. Diets high in ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids provide increased substrate for arachidonic acid metabolism by cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) to form eicosanoids. These eicosanoids directly contribute to pancreatic cancer cell proliferation. Both COX-2 and 5-LOX are upregulated in multiple cancer types, including pancreatic cancer. In vitro studies using pancreatic cancer cell lines have demonstrated upregulation of COX-2 and 5-LOX at both the mRNA and protein levels. When COX-2 and 5-LOX are blocked via a variety of mechanisms, cancer cell proliferation is abrogated both in vitro and in vivo. The mechanism of COX-2 has been shown to include effects on apoptosis as well as angiogenesis. 5-LOX has been implicated in apoptosis. The use of COX-2 and 5-LOX inhibitors in clinical studies in patients with pancreatic cancer has been limited. Patient enrollment has been restricted to those with advanced disease which makes evaluation of these drugs as chemopreventive agents difficult. COX-2 and 5-LOX expression have been shown to be present during the early neoplastic changes of pancreatic cancer, well before progression to invasive disease. This indicates that the ideal role for these interventions is early in the disease process as preventive agents, perhaps in patients with chronic pancreatitis or hereditary pancreatitis.展开更多
AIM： TO determine whether -1195 A→G and/or -765 G→C polymorphisms in Cyclooxygenase-2 CCOX-2） may have a risk modifying effect on the development of esophageal carcinoma in a Dutch Caucasian population. METHODS： ...AIM： TO determine whether -1195 A→G and/or -765 G→C polymorphisms in Cyclooxygenase-2 CCOX-2） may have a risk modifying effect on the development of esophageal carcinoma in a Dutch Caucasian population. METHODS： Two study groups were recruited, 252 patients with esophageal carcinoma and 240 healthy controls, matched for race, age, gender and recruiting area. DNA was isolated from whole blood and used for genotyping. PCR products were digested with restriction enzymes and products were analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis. Odds ratios （OR） and 95% confidence intervals （CI） were estimated. RESULTS： The distribution of the -1195A→G polymorphism was significantly different in esophageal cancer patients compared to controls. The -1195 GG genotype resulted in a higher risk of developing esophageal adenocarcinoma （OR = 3.85, 95% CI： 1.45-10.3） compared with the -1195AA genotype as a reference. The -765 G→C genotype distribution was not different between the two groups. The GG/ GG haplotype was present more often in esophageal adenocarcinoma patients than in controls （OR = 3.45, 95% CI： 1.24-9.58; with AG/AG as a reference）. The same trends were observed in patients with squamous cell carcinomas, however, the results did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSION： Presence of the COX-2 -1195 GG genotype and of the GG/GG haplotype may result in a higher risk of developing esophageal carcinoma.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the mechanisms of how cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2)regulates E-cadherin in gastric cancer cells.METHODS:COX-2 expression in human gastric cancer cell lines SGC-7901,BGC-823,MGC-803 and AGS were measured a...AIM:To investigate the mechanisms of how cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2)regulates E-cadherin in gastric cancer cells.METHODS:COX-2 expression in human gastric cancer cell lines SGC-7901,BGC-823,MGC-803 and AGS were measured at the mRNA and protein level.COX-2 rich cell line SGC-7901 was chosen for subsequent experiments.siRNA mediated gene knockdown was used to investigate the impact of COX-2 on nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB),Snail,and E-cadherin in gastric cancer cells.Gene expression was determined by Western blot and real-time polymerase chain reaction.To analyze whether NF-κB inhibition could interrupt the modulatory effect of COX-2 or prostaglandin E2(PGE2)on E-cadherin,gastric cancer cells were treated with celecoxib or PGE2,in the presence of NF-κB specific siRNA.RESULTS:Highest expression level of COX-2 was found in SGC-7901 cells,both at mRNA and protein levels.siRNA mediated down-regulation of COX-2 led to a reduced expression of NF-κB and Snail,but an increased expression of E-cadherin in SGC-7901 cells.siRNA mediated down-regulation of NF-κB also led to a reduced expression of E-cadherin and Snail in SGC-7901 cells.However,COX-2 expression did not alter after cells were treated with NF-κB specific siRNA in SGC-7901 cells.Treatment of SGC-7901 cells with celecoxib led to a reduced expression of Snail but an increased expression of E-cadherin.In contrast,treatment of SGC-7901 cells with PGE2 led to an increased Snail and a decreased E-cadherin.However,siRNAmediated knockdown of NF-κB partially abolished the effect of celecoxib and PGE2 on the regulation of E-cadherin and Snail in SGC-7901 cells.CONCLUSION:COX-2 likely functions upstream of NF-κB and regulates the expression of E-cadherin via NF-κB/Snail signaling pathway in gastric cancer cells.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the expression of cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2) in gastric cancer and its relation with the liver metastasis and prognosis.METHODS: Expression of COX-2 mRNA and protein was examined in gastric cancer and...AIM: To investigate the expression of cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2) in gastric cancer and its relation with the liver metastasis and prognosis.METHODS: Expression of COX-2 mRNA and protein was examined in gastric cancer and its paired substantial normal tissue by semi-quantitative reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry.The relation between COX-2 expression and prognosis was investigated in 195 cases.RESULTS: The expression of COX-2 mRNA in gastric cancer tissue was significantly higher than that in normal tissue in 47 cases (w= 792, P＜0.01). The COX-2 mRNA in pT3-4 tissue expressed higher than that in pT1-2tissue (w = 204, P＜0.05). The positive expression rate of COX-2 protein was 57.9% (113/195). The COX-2expression was significantly related to histological type,lymphnode metastasis, venous invasion and liver metastasis (P＜0.05). No relation was found between COX-2 expression and invasion depth, peritoneal metastasis and International Union against Cancer TNMstage. The multiple regression analysis showed that the COX-2 expression and venous invasion were obviously associated with liver metastasis (P＜0.05). However,there was no significant correlation between COX-2immunoreactivity and prognosis.CONCLUSION: COX-2 may play an important role in the development of gastric cancer, and the over-expression of COX-2 protein may be a high risk factor for liver metastasis.展开更多
AIM:To clarify the clinicopathologic significance of COX-2 expression in human colorectal cancer.METHODS:A total of 128 surgically resected colorectal cancer specimens were immunohistochemically analyzed with the use ...AIM:To clarify the clinicopathologic significance of COX-2 expression in human colorectal cancer.METHODS:A total of 128 surgically resected colorectal cancer specimens were immunohistochemically analyzed with the use of anti-COX-2,anti-VEGF and anti-MMP-2 antibodies.The relationship between the cyclooxygenase-2 expression in primary lesions of colorectal cancer and clinicopathoiogic parameters was evaluated by chi-square test.RESULTS:Among 128 cases of colorectal cancer,87(67.9%)were positive for cyclooxygenase-2.The expression of cyclooxygenase-2 was significantly correlated with the depth of invasion,stage of disease,and metastasis(lymph node and liver).Patients in T3-T4,stagesⅢ-Ⅳand with metastasis had much higher expression of cyclooxygenase-2 than ones in T1-T2,stagesⅠ-Ⅱand without metastasis(P<0.05).Among 45 cases of colorectal cancer with lymph node metastasis,the COX-2-positive rate was 86.7%(39/45)for primary lesions and diffuse cytoplasmic staining for COX-2 protein was detected in cancer cells in 100%of metastatic lesions of the lymph nodes.VEGF expression was detected in 49 tumors(38.3%),and VEGF expression was closely correlated with COX-2 expression.The positive expression rate of VEGF(81.6%)in the cyclooxygenase-2-positive group was higher than that in the cyclooxygenase-2-negative group(18.4%,P<0.05).MMP-2 expression was detected in 88 tumors(68.8%),and MMP-2 expression was closely correlated with COX-2 expression.The positive expression rate of MMP-2(79.6%)in the positive COX-2 group was higher than that in the negative COX-2 group(20.4%,P<0.05).CONCLUSION:Cyclooxygenase-2 may be associated with tumor progression by modulating the angiogenesis and cancer cell motility and invasive potential in colorectal cancer and it can be used as a possible biomarker.展开更多
BACKGROUND: The exact mechanism by which cyclooxy- genase-2 (COX-2) promotes inflammation in pancreatitis in obscure. This study was undertaken to investigate the role of COX-2 inhibition in an animal model of pancrea...BACKGROUND: The exact mechanism by which cyclooxy- genase-2 (COX-2) promotes inflammation in pancreatitis in obscure. This study was undertaken to investigate the role of COX-2 inhibition in an animal model of pancreati- tis , a disease process characterized by a systemic inflamma- tory response and ensuing neutrophil-mediated lung injury. METHODS: Pancreatitis was induced in 24 Sprague-Daw- ley rats by intraperitoneal injection of 20% L-arginine (500 mg/100 g body weight). The animals were randomized into 3 groups (8 rats in each group); controls and rats with pancreatitis intravenously resuscitated with either normal saline (0.9% NaCl 3 ml/kg) at 24 and 48 hours or COX-2 inhibitor (parecoxib 1 mg/kg). Pancreatic and lung inju- ries were assessed histologically. Lung injury was assessed utilizing wet;dry ratio and myeloperoxidase activity to in- dicate pulmonary neutrophil infiltration. A Western blot was used to determine COX-2 protein expression in pancrea- tic tissue. RESULTS: The animals treated with COX-2 inhibitors dis- played significantly less pancreatic and lung injuries than their normal saline counterparts. Histological pancreatic and lung injury scores were significantly reduced (P <0.05) in the COX-2 treated group. Lung wet: dry ratios were sig- nificantly improved and pulmonary neutrophil infiltration was attenuated in the COX-2 group (P<0.05). Western blot analysis confirmed attenuated COX-2 protein expression. CONCLUSION: This study shows, for the first time in a rat model, that adjuvant COX-2 inhibition significandy attenu- ates the severity of both pancreatitis and its associated sys- temic inflammatory response and end-organ injury.展开更多
AIM: To examine the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in rat esophageal lesions induced by reflux of duodenal contents.
AIM： To investigate the relationship between cycloo- xygenase-2 （COX-2）, and vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF）, and to determine the clinical significance of this relationship in esophageal cancer patient...AIM： To investigate the relationship between cycloo- xygenase-2 （COX-2）, and vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF）, and to determine the clinical significance of this relationship in esophageal cancer patients undergoing chemoradiotherapy （CRT）. METHODS： Immunohistochemical staining was used to evaluate COX-2 and VEGF expression in 40 patients with histologically-confirmed esophageal squamous carcinoma （ESCC） who were undergoing preoperative CRT. RESULTS： Fourteen out of 40 ESCC patients showed a pathological complete response （CR） after CRT. COX-2 and VEGF protein expressions were observed in the cytoplasm of 17 and 13 tumors, respectively, with null expression in 9 and 13 tumors, respectively. COX-2 expression was strongly correlated with VEGF expression （P 〈 0.05）. There were also significant associations between COX-2 expression, tumor recurrence, and lymph-node involvement （P = 0.0277 and P = 0.0095, respectively）. COX-2 expression and VEGF expression had significant prognostic value for disease-free survival （log-rank test; P = 0.0073 and P = 0.0341, respectively）, but not for overall survival, as assessed by univariate analysis. expression correlates with VEGF expression and might be a useful prognostic factor for more frequent tumor recurrence in ESCC patients undergoing neoadjuvant CRT. These findings support the use of anti-angiogenic COX-2 inhibitors in the treatment of ESCC.展开更多
AIM：To investigate the association of variations in the cyclooxygenase-2 （COX2） and uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase 1A6 （UGTIA6） genes and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs （NSAIDs） use with ris...AIM：To investigate the association of variations in the cyclooxygenase-2 （COX2） and uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase 1A6 （UGTIA6） genes and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs （NSAIDs） use with risk of colon cancer.METHODS： NSAIDs, which are known to reduce the risk of colon cancer, act directly on COX2 and reduce its activity. Epidemiological studies have associated variations in the COX2 gene with colon cancer risk, but others were unable to replicate this finding. Similarly,enzymes in the UGT1A6 gene have been demonstrated to modify the therapeutic effect of NSAIDs on colon adenomas. Polymorphisms in the UGTIA6 gene have been statistically shown to interact with NSAID intake to influence risk of developing colon adenomas, but not colon cancer. Here we examined the association of tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms （SNPs） in the COX2 and UGTIA6 genes, and their interaction with NSAID consumption, on risk of colon cancer in a population of 422 colon cancer cases and 481 population controls.RESULTS： No SNP in either gene was individually statistically significantly associated with colon cancer, nor did they statistically significantly change the protective effect of NSAID consumption in our sample. Like others, we were unable to replicate the association of variants in the COX2 gene with colon cancer risk （P 〉 0.05）,and we did not observe that these variants modify the protective effect of NSAIDs （P 〉 0.05）. We were able to confirm the lack of association of variants in UGT1A6 with colon cancer risk, although further studies will have to be conducted to confirm the association of these variants with colon adenomas.CONCLUSION： Our study does not support a role of COX2 and UGTIA6 genetic variations in the development of colon cancer.展开更多
AIM： To explore the possible mechanisms of curcumin in rat colitis induced by trinitrobenzene sulfonic （TNBS） acid. METHODS： Rats with TNBS acid-induced colitis were treated with curcumin （30 mg/kg or 60 mg/kg pe...AIM： To explore the possible mechanisms of curcumin in rat colitis induced by trinitrobenzene sulfonic （TNBS） acid. METHODS： Rats with TNBS acid-induced colitis were treated with curcumin （30 mg/kg or 60 mg/kg per day ip）. Changes of body weight and histological scores as well as survival rate were evaluated. Leukocyte infiltration was detected by myeloperoxidase （MPO） activity assay. The expression of cyclooxygenase-2 （COX-2） was detected by RT-PCR and Western blot. Inflammation cytokines were determined by RT-PCR. Local concentration of prostaglandin E2 （PGE2） in colon mucosa was determined by ELISA. RESULTS： Curcumin improved survival rate and histological image, decreased the macroscopic scores and MPO activity. Also curcumin reduced the expression of COX-2 and inflammation cytokines. In addition, treatment with curcumin increased the PGE2 level. CONCLUSION： Curcumin has therapeutic effects on TNBS acid-induced colitis, the mechanisms seem to be related to COX-2 inhibition and PGE2 improvement.展开更多
基金the Hebei Natural Science Foundation(Nos.H2023203003 and C2021203004).
文摘Photothermal therapy(PTT)is a non-invasive and highly selective tumor treatment.However,it triggers an inflammatory reaction and other adverse effects,including damage to the surrounding healthy tissue and an increased risk of tumor proliferation and metastasis.The cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2)/prostaglandin E2(PGE2)pathway plays a crucial role in regulating tumor development.In this study,we revealed that PTT activates the COX-2/PGE2 pathway.To mitigate the PTT-induced inflammation,based on polydopamine(PDA)and HS-β-cyclodextrin(HS-β-CD),we constructed a photothermal/anti-inflammatory nanoparticle system(named ICG@PDA-β-CD/CEL)loaded with the anti-inflammatory drug celecoxib(CEL)and the photosensitizer indocyanine green(ICG),which targets COX-2.This system helps PTT by(1)reducing pro-inflammatory molecules such as PGE2,tumor necrosis factor-α,and interleukin-6 and inhibiting the COX-2 and nuclear factor kappa-B signaling pathways,(2)suppressing vascular endothelial growth factor production to inhibit tumor angiogenesis,and(3)preventing tumor cell migration and invasion.Further results indicated that ICG@PDA-β-CD/CEL significantly curtailed tumor cell invasion and migration in vitro and suppressed the COX-2/PGE2 pathway in vivo,thereby markedly inhibiting both orthotopic tumor growth and metastasis.ICG@PDA-β-CD/CEL exhibits potent antitumor effects through its combined anti-inflammatory and photothermal therapies,providing a promising strategy for alleviating PTT-related adverse effects.
基金Emergency Corona Virus Disease 2019(COVID-19)Response Project of Dongguan:Clinical Efficacy Observation and Mechanism Study of Fuzheng Xuanfei Huashi Formula in the Treatment of COVID-19 Based on the Lingnan Theory of Epidemic Diseases(No.202071715002124)National Natural Science Foundation of China:Study on the Mechanism of Lung Inflammatory Injury Induced by Gut-derived Lipopolysaccharide and Skatole in Spleen Deficiency Animals based on Pulmonary Alveolus Macrophage Heterogeneity(No.82274381)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation:Development and Industrialization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Classic and Famous Prescription Compound Formulations(No.2021ZD006)。
文摘OBJECTIVE:To determine the effect of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)Fuzheng Xuanfei Huashi prescription(扶正宣肺化湿方,FZXF)on lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced pneumonia in mice and identify the mechanism of FZXF in the treatment of LPS-induced lung inflammation.METHODS:The pneumonia model was established by intraperitoneal injection of 5 mg/kg LPS in mice.Cytokines were detected by enzyme-linked immuneosorbent assay(ELISA),macrophages in lung tissue were determined by immunofluorescence,and pathwayrelated data were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qPCR)and Western blot.RESULTS:The liver,thymus,and spleen index values and the levels of aspartate aminotransferase(AST)and alanine aminotransferase(ALT)obviously increased in LPS-treated mice.FZXF decreased the white blood cell count and reduced the increase in the lung wet weight/dry weight ratio caused by LPS.The hematoxylin-eosin staining result showed that FZXF could maintain the integrity of lung tissue structure,alleviate interstitial oedema and alveolar wall thickening,and reduce inflammatory cell infiltration.Moreover,FZXF markedly reduced the expression of proinflammatory cytokines.FZXF also significantly reduced LPS-induced malondialdehyde production and increased superoxide dismutase level in the lung.By immunofluorescence,we found that FZXF could reduce macrophage infiltration.The mRNA expression levels of cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2),prostaglandin E2(PGE2),toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)and nuclear transcription factorκB(NF-κB)in the lung tissue of mice were decreased by treatment with FZXF.In addition,FZXF inhibited the protein expression of TLR4,p-p65 and COX-2.These results indicated that FZXF could inhibit the inflammatory response of LPS induced cytokine storm in mice through TLR4/NF-κB and COX-2/PGE2 signaling pathway.CONCLUSION:These findings were suggested that FZXF prescription suppresses inflammation in LPSinduced pneumonia in mice via TLR4/NF-κB and COX-2/PGE2 pathway.
基金supported by the Major Project of Science and Technology Department of Yunnan Province (202002AA100005 and 202102AE090027-2)the Project of Yunnan Province Food and Drug Homologous Resources Functional Food Innovation Team (A3032023057)+2 种基金the YEFICRC project of Yunnan provincial key programs (2019ZG009)Yunnan Province Ten Thousand Plan Industrial Technology Talents project (YNWR-CYJS-2020-010)the Yunnan Provincial Department of Science and Technology Agricultural Joint Special Project (202101BD070001-120)。
文摘Walnut dreg protein hydrolysates(WDPHs)exhibit a variety of biological activities,however,the cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2)inhibitory peptide of WDPHs remain unclear.The aim of this study was to rapidly screen for such peptides in WDPHs through a combination of in silico and in vitro analysis.In total,1262 peptide sequences were observed by nano liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry(nano LC-MS/MS)and 4 novel COX-2 inhibitory peptides(AGFP,FPGA,LFPD,and VGFP)were identified.Enzyme kinetic data indicated that AGFP,FPGA,and LFPD displayed mixed-type COX-2 inhibition,whereas VGFP was a non-competitive inhibitor.This is mainly because the peptides form hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions with residues in the COX-2 active site.These results demonstrate that computer analysis combined with in vitro evaluation allows for rapid screening of COX-2 inhibitory peptides in walnut protein dregs.
文摘Objective： The purpose of this study was to evaluate cyclooxygenase-2 （COX-2） expression in nasopharyngeal carcinoma （NPC） and its correlation with clinicopathologic features, angiogenesis, and prognosis. Methods： The expressions of COX-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） and microvascular density （MVD） were determined with immunohistochemical methods in eighty-six NPC patients followed up over 5 years. Results： Sixty-three tumors （73.3%） were classified as COX-2 positive. COX-2 expression was positively related to VEGF expression （r=0.438, P〈0.01） and correlated with the tumor pathological grade, extent of primary lesion, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis and shorter survival. Conclusion： Our results suggest that COX-2, being highly expressed and strongly correlated with angiogenesis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma, is apt to be used as a predictor of prognosis, including local recurrence and distant metastasis.
基金Supported by Research Grant for Key Clinical Discipline Construction of Shanghai Municipality,China,No.ZK2012B20
文摘Although the incidence of gastric cancer has been declining in recent decades,it remains a major public health issue as the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide.In China,gastric cancer is still the main cause of death in patients with malignant tumors.Most patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage and mortality is high.Cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2)is a ratelimiting enzyme in prostanoid synthesis and plays an important role in the development and progression of gastric cancer.The expression of COX-2 in gastric cancer is upregulated and its molecular mechanisms have been investigated.Helicobacter pylori infection,tumor suppressor gene mutation and the activation of nuclear factor-kappa B may be responsible for the elevated expression of COX-2 in gastric cancer.The mechanisms of COX-2 in the development and progression of gastric cancer are probably through promoting the proliferation of gastric cancer cells,while inhibiting apoptosis,assisting angiogenesis and lymphatic metastasis,and participating in cancer invasion and immunosuppression.This review is intended to discuss,comment and summarize recent research progress on the role of COX-2 in gastric cancer development and progression,and elucidate the molecular mechanisms which might be involved in the carcinogenesis.
文摘Selective cyclooxygenase （COX）-2 inhibitors （coxibs） were developed as one of the anti-inflammatory drugs to avoid the various side effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs （NSAIDs）. However, coxibs also have an ability to inhibit tumor development of various kinds the same way that NSAIDs do. Many experimental studies using cell lines and animal models demonstrated an ability to prevent tumor proliferation of COX-2 inhibitors. After performing a randomized study for polyp chemoprevention study in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis （FAP）, which showed that the treatment with celecoxib, one of the coxibs, significantly reduced the number of colorectal polyps in 2000, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration （FDA） immediately approved the clinical use of celecoxib for FAP patients. However, some coxibs were recently reported to increase the risk of serious cardiovascular events including heart attack and stroke. In this article we review a role of COX-2 in carcinogenesis of gastrointestinal tract, such as the esophagus, stomach and colorectum, and also analyze the prospect of coxibs for chemoprevention of gastrointestinal tract tumors.
基金Supported by the Sun C.Y. Research Foundation for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery of the University of Hong Kong
文摘ABM: Recent studies suggested that cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enhances tumor angiogenesis via upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Although COX-2 expression has been demonstrated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the significance of COX-2 in progression of HCC remains unclear. This study evaluated the clinico-pathological correlation of COX-2 level and its relationship with VEGF level in HCC. METHODS: Fresh tumor tissues were obtained from 100 patients who underwent resection of HCC. COX-2 protein expression was examined by immunohistochemistry, and quantitatively by an enzyme immunometric assay (EIA) of tumor cytosolic COX-2 levels. Tumor cytosolic VEGF levels were measured by an ELISA. RESULTS: Immunostaining showed expression of COX-2 in tumor cells. Tumor cytosolic COX-2 levels correlated with VEGF levels (r = 0.469,P<0.001). Correlation with clinicopathological features showed significantly higher tumor cytosolic COX-2 levels in the presence of multiple tumors (P = 0.027), venous invasion (P = 0.030), microsatellite lesions (P=0.037) and advanced tumor stage (P = 0.008). Higher tumor cytosolic COX-2 levels were associated with worse patient survival. CONCLUSION: This study shows that elevated tumor COX-2 levels correlate with elevated VEGF levels and invasiveness in HCC, suggesting that COX-2 plays a significant role in the progression of HCC.
基金Supported by Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of PortoCoordination for the Development of Post-Graduation ProgramsNational Council for Scientific and Technological Development
文摘AIM: To evaluate immunoexpression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in primary gastric carcinomas and respective lymph node metastases. METHODS: Immunohistochemistry to analyze COX-2 expression was performed on tissue microarray slices obtained from 36 specimens of gastrectomy and satellite lymph nodes from patients with gastric carcinoma. RESULTS: Immunostaining was seen in most cases, and COX-2 expression was higher in lymph node me-tastases than in corresponding primary gastric tumors of intestinal, diffuse and mixed carcinomas, with a statistically signif icant difference in the diffuse histotype (P = 0.0108). CONCLUSION: COX-2 immunoexpression occurs frequently in primary gastric carcinomas, but higher expression of this enzyme is observed in lymph node metastases of the diffuse histotype.
基金Supported by The National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81072030 and No.81372659Project Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD)
文摘Gastric cancer is one of the most frequent neoplasms and a main cause of death worldwide, especially in China and Japan. Numerous epidemiological, animal and experimental studies support a positive association between chronic Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) infection and the development of gastric cancer. However, the exact mechanism whereby H. pylori causes gastric carcinogenesis remains unclear. It has been demonstrated that expression of cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2) is elevated in gastric carcinomas and in their precursor lesions. In this review, we present the latest clinical and experimental evidence showing the role of gastrin and COX-2 in H. pylori-infected patients and their possible association with gastric cancer risk.
文摘Cohesive scientific evidence from molecular, animal, and human investigations supports the hypothesis that constitutive overexpression of cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2) is a ubiquitous driver of mammary carcinogenesis, and reciprocally, that COX-2 blockade has strong potential for breast cancer prevention and therapy. Key findings include the following:(1) COX-2 is constitutively expressed throughout breast cancer development and expression intensifies with stage at detection, cancer progression and metastasis;(2) essential features of mammary carcinogenesis(mutagenesis, mitogenesis, angiogenesis, reduced apoptosis, metastasis and immunosuppression) are linked to COX-2-driven prostaglandin E2(PGE-2) biosynthesis;(3) upregulation of COX-2 and PGE-2 expression induces transcription of CYP-19 and aromatase-catalyzed estrogen biosynthesis which stimulates unbridled mitogenesis;(4) extrahe-patic CYP-1B1 in mammary adipose tissue converts paracrine estrogen to carcinogenic quinones with mutagenic impact; and(5) agents that inhibit COX-2 reduce the risk of breast cancer in women without disease and reduce recurrence risk and mortality in women with breast cancer. Recent sharp increases in global breast cancer incidence and mortality are likely driven by chronic inflammation of mammary adipose and upregulation of COX-2 associated with the obesity pandemic. The totality of evidence clearly supports the supposition that mammary carcinogenesis often evolves as a progressive series of highly specific cellular and molecular changes in response to induction of constitutive overexpression of COX-2 and the prostaglandin cascade in the "inflammogenesis of breast cancer".
文摘The interplay between inflammation and cancer progression is a growing area of research. A combination of clinical, epidemiological, and basic science investigations indicate that there is a relationship between inflammatory changes in the pancreas and neoplastic progression. Diets high in ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids provide increased substrate for arachidonic acid metabolism by cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) to form eicosanoids. These eicosanoids directly contribute to pancreatic cancer cell proliferation. Both COX-2 and 5-LOX are upregulated in multiple cancer types, including pancreatic cancer. In vitro studies using pancreatic cancer cell lines have demonstrated upregulation of COX-2 and 5-LOX at both the mRNA and protein levels. When COX-2 and 5-LOX are blocked via a variety of mechanisms, cancer cell proliferation is abrogated both in vitro and in vivo. The mechanism of COX-2 has been shown to include effects on apoptosis as well as angiogenesis. 5-LOX has been implicated in apoptosis. The use of COX-2 and 5-LOX inhibitors in clinical studies in patients with pancreatic cancer has been limited. Patient enrollment has been restricted to those with advanced disease which makes evaluation of these drugs as chemopreventive agents difficult. COX-2 and 5-LOX expression have been shown to be present during the early neoplastic changes of pancreatic cancer, well before progression to invasive disease. This indicates that the ideal role for these interventions is early in the disease process as preventive agents, perhaps in patients with chronic pancreatitis or hereditary pancreatitis.
文摘AIM： TO determine whether -1195 A→G and/or -765 G→C polymorphisms in Cyclooxygenase-2 CCOX-2） may have a risk modifying effect on the development of esophageal carcinoma in a Dutch Caucasian population. METHODS： Two study groups were recruited, 252 patients with esophageal carcinoma and 240 healthy controls, matched for race, age, gender and recruiting area. DNA was isolated from whole blood and used for genotyping. PCR products were digested with restriction enzymes and products were analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis. Odds ratios （OR） and 95% confidence intervals （CI） were estimated. RESULTS： The distribution of the -1195A→G polymorphism was significantly different in esophageal cancer patients compared to controls. The -1195 GG genotype resulted in a higher risk of developing esophageal adenocarcinoma （OR = 3.85, 95% CI： 1.45-10.3） compared with the -1195AA genotype as a reference. The -765 G→C genotype distribution was not different between the two groups. The GG/ GG haplotype was present more often in esophageal adenocarcinoma patients than in controls （OR = 3.45, 95% CI： 1.24-9.58; with AG/AG as a reference）. The same trends were observed in patients with squamous cell carcinomas, however, the results did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSION： Presence of the COX-2 -1195 GG genotype and of the GG/GG haplotype may result in a higher risk of developing esophageal carcinoma.
基金Supported by The National Natural Science Funding of China,No.81172366the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,No.lzujbky-2012-224the Gansu Special Program for High Technology Research and Development,No.0912TCYA027
文摘AIM:To investigate the mechanisms of how cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2)regulates E-cadherin in gastric cancer cells.METHODS:COX-2 expression in human gastric cancer cell lines SGC-7901,BGC-823,MGC-803 and AGS were measured at the mRNA and protein level.COX-2 rich cell line SGC-7901 was chosen for subsequent experiments.siRNA mediated gene knockdown was used to investigate the impact of COX-2 on nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB),Snail,and E-cadherin in gastric cancer cells.Gene expression was determined by Western blot and real-time polymerase chain reaction.To analyze whether NF-κB inhibition could interrupt the modulatory effect of COX-2 or prostaglandin E2(PGE2)on E-cadherin,gastric cancer cells were treated with celecoxib or PGE2,in the presence of NF-κB specific siRNA.RESULTS:Highest expression level of COX-2 was found in SGC-7901 cells,both at mRNA and protein levels.siRNA mediated down-regulation of COX-2 led to a reduced expression of NF-κB and Snail,but an increased expression of E-cadherin in SGC-7901 cells.siRNA mediated down-regulation of NF-κB also led to a reduced expression of E-cadherin and Snail in SGC-7901 cells.However,COX-2 expression did not alter after cells were treated with NF-κB specific siRNA in SGC-7901 cells.Treatment of SGC-7901 cells with celecoxib led to a reduced expression of Snail but an increased expression of E-cadherin.In contrast,treatment of SGC-7901 cells with PGE2 led to an increased Snail and a decreased E-cadherin.However,siRNAmediated knockdown of NF-κB partially abolished the effect of celecoxib and PGE2 on the regulation of E-cadherin and Snail in SGC-7901 cells.CONCLUSION:COX-2 likely functions upstream of NF-κB and regulates the expression of E-cadherin via NF-κB/Snail signaling pathway in gastric cancer cells.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province,No. 302048
文摘AIM: To investigate the expression of cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2) in gastric cancer and its relation with the liver metastasis and prognosis.METHODS: Expression of COX-2 mRNA and protein was examined in gastric cancer and its paired substantial normal tissue by semi-quantitative reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry.The relation between COX-2 expression and prognosis was investigated in 195 cases.RESULTS: The expression of COX-2 mRNA in gastric cancer tissue was significantly higher than that in normal tissue in 47 cases (w= 792, P＜0.01). The COX-2 mRNA in pT3-4 tissue expressed higher than that in pT1-2tissue (w = 204, P＜0.05). The positive expression rate of COX-2 protein was 57.9% (113/195). The COX-2expression was significantly related to histological type,lymphnode metastasis, venous invasion and liver metastasis (P＜0.05). No relation was found between COX-2 expression and invasion depth, peritoneal metastasis and International Union against Cancer TNMstage. The multiple regression analysis showed that the COX-2 expression and venous invasion were obviously associated with liver metastasis (P＜0.05). However,there was no significant correlation between COX-2immunoreactivity and prognosis.CONCLUSION: COX-2 may play an important role in the development of gastric cancer, and the over-expression of COX-2 protein may be a high risk factor for liver metastasis.
基金Supported by Hubei Province Natural Science Foundation,No.2000J054
文摘AIM:To clarify the clinicopathologic significance of COX-2 expression in human colorectal cancer.METHODS:A total of 128 surgically resected colorectal cancer specimens were immunohistochemically analyzed with the use of anti-COX-2,anti-VEGF and anti-MMP-2 antibodies.The relationship between the cyclooxygenase-2 expression in primary lesions of colorectal cancer and clinicopathoiogic parameters was evaluated by chi-square test.RESULTS:Among 128 cases of colorectal cancer,87(67.9%)were positive for cyclooxygenase-2.The expression of cyclooxygenase-2 was significantly correlated with the depth of invasion,stage of disease,and metastasis(lymph node and liver).Patients in T3-T4,stagesⅢ-Ⅳand with metastasis had much higher expression of cyclooxygenase-2 than ones in T1-T2,stagesⅠ-Ⅱand without metastasis(P<0.05).Among 45 cases of colorectal cancer with lymph node metastasis,the COX-2-positive rate was 86.7%(39/45)for primary lesions and diffuse cytoplasmic staining for COX-2 protein was detected in cancer cells in 100%of metastatic lesions of the lymph nodes.VEGF expression was detected in 49 tumors(38.3%),and VEGF expression was closely correlated with COX-2 expression.The positive expression rate of VEGF(81.6%)in the cyclooxygenase-2-positive group was higher than that in the cyclooxygenase-2-negative group(18.4%,P<0.05).MMP-2 expression was detected in 88 tumors(68.8%),and MMP-2 expression was closely correlated with COX-2 expression.The positive expression rate of MMP-2(79.6%)in the positive COX-2 group was higher than that in the negative COX-2 group(20.4%,P<0.05).CONCLUSION:Cyclooxygenase-2 may be associated with tumor progression by modulating the angiogenesis and cancer cell motility and invasive potential in colorectal cancer and it can be used as a possible biomarker.
文摘BACKGROUND: The exact mechanism by which cyclooxy- genase-2 (COX-2) promotes inflammation in pancreatitis in obscure. This study was undertaken to investigate the role of COX-2 inhibition in an animal model of pancreati- tis , a disease process characterized by a systemic inflamma- tory response and ensuing neutrophil-mediated lung injury. METHODS: Pancreatitis was induced in 24 Sprague-Daw- ley rats by intraperitoneal injection of 20% L-arginine (500 mg/100 g body weight). The animals were randomized into 3 groups (8 rats in each group); controls and rats with pancreatitis intravenously resuscitated with either normal saline (0.9% NaCl 3 ml/kg) at 24 and 48 hours or COX-2 inhibitor (parecoxib 1 mg/kg). Pancreatic and lung inju- ries were assessed histologically. Lung injury was assessed utilizing wet;dry ratio and myeloperoxidase activity to in- dicate pulmonary neutrophil infiltration. A Western blot was used to determine COX-2 protein expression in pancrea- tic tissue. RESULTS: The animals treated with COX-2 inhibitors dis- played significantly less pancreatic and lung injuries than their normal saline counterparts. Histological pancreatic and lung injury scores were significantly reduced (P <0.05) in the COX-2 treated group. Lung wet: dry ratios were sig- nificantly improved and pulmonary neutrophil infiltration was attenuated in the COX-2 group (P<0.05). Western blot analysis confirmed attenuated COX-2 protein expression. CONCLUSION: This study shows, for the first time in a rat model, that adjuvant COX-2 inhibition significandy attenu- ates the severity of both pancreatitis and its associated sys- temic inflammatory response and end-organ injury.
文摘AIM: To examine the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in rat esophageal lesions induced by reflux of duodenal contents.
文摘AIM： To investigate the relationship between cycloo- xygenase-2 （COX-2）, and vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF）, and to determine the clinical significance of this relationship in esophageal cancer patients undergoing chemoradiotherapy （CRT）. METHODS： Immunohistochemical staining was used to evaluate COX-2 and VEGF expression in 40 patients with histologically-confirmed esophageal squamous carcinoma （ESCC） who were undergoing preoperative CRT. RESULTS： Fourteen out of 40 ESCC patients showed a pathological complete response （CR） after CRT. COX-2 and VEGF protein expressions were observed in the cytoplasm of 17 and 13 tumors, respectively, with null expression in 9 and 13 tumors, respectively. COX-2 expression was strongly correlated with VEGF expression （P 〈 0.05）. There were also significant associations between COX-2 expression, tumor recurrence, and lymph-node involvement （P = 0.0277 and P = 0.0095, respectively）. COX-2 expression and VEGF expression had significant prognostic value for disease-free survival （log-rank test; P = 0.0073 and P = 0.0341, respectively）, but not for overall survival, as assessed by univariate analysis. expression correlates with VEGF expression and might be a useful prognostic factor for more frequent tumor recurrence in ESCC patients undergoing neoadjuvant CRT. These findings support the use of anti-angiogenic COX-2 inhibitors in the treatment of ESCC.
基金Supported by A Damon Runyon Cancer Research Foundation Clinical Investigator Award,CI-8An R25 training grant from the National Cancer Institute,R25T CA094186+1 种基金The Case Center for Transdisciplinary Research on Energetics and Cancer,1U54 CA-116867-01A National Cancer Institute K22 Award,1K22 CA120545-01
文摘AIM：To investigate the association of variations in the cyclooxygenase-2 （COX2） and uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase 1A6 （UGTIA6） genes and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs （NSAIDs） use with risk of colon cancer.METHODS： NSAIDs, which are known to reduce the risk of colon cancer, act directly on COX2 and reduce its activity. Epidemiological studies have associated variations in the COX2 gene with colon cancer risk, but others were unable to replicate this finding. Similarly,enzymes in the UGT1A6 gene have been demonstrated to modify the therapeutic effect of NSAIDs on colon adenomas. Polymorphisms in the UGTIA6 gene have been statistically shown to interact with NSAID intake to influence risk of developing colon adenomas, but not colon cancer. Here we examined the association of tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms （SNPs） in the COX2 and UGTIA6 genes, and their interaction with NSAID consumption, on risk of colon cancer in a population of 422 colon cancer cases and 481 population controls.RESULTS： No SNP in either gene was individually statistically significantly associated with colon cancer, nor did they statistically significantly change the protective effect of NSAID consumption in our sample. Like others, we were unable to replicate the association of variants in the COX2 gene with colon cancer risk （P 〉 0.05）,and we did not observe that these variants modify the protective effect of NSAIDs （P 〉 0.05）. We were able to confirm the lack of association of variants in UGT1A6 with colon cancer risk, although further studies will have to be conducted to confirm the association of these variants with colon adenomas.CONCLUSION： Our study does not support a role of COX2 and UGTIA6 genetic variations in the development of colon cancer.
文摘AIM： To explore the possible mechanisms of curcumin in rat colitis induced by trinitrobenzene sulfonic （TNBS） acid. METHODS： Rats with TNBS acid-induced colitis were treated with curcumin （30 mg/kg or 60 mg/kg per day ip）. Changes of body weight and histological scores as well as survival rate were evaluated. Leukocyte infiltration was detected by myeloperoxidase （MPO） activity assay. The expression of cyclooxygenase-2 （COX-2） was detected by RT-PCR and Western blot. Inflammation cytokines were determined by RT-PCR. Local concentration of prostaglandin E2 （PGE2） in colon mucosa was determined by ELISA. RESULTS： Curcumin improved survival rate and histological image, decreased the macroscopic scores and MPO activity. Also curcumin reduced the expression of COX-2 and inflammation cytokines. In addition, treatment with curcumin increased the PGE2 level. CONCLUSION： Curcumin has therapeutic effects on TNBS acid-induced colitis, the mechanisms seem to be related to COX-2 inhibition and PGE2 improvement.
