The curse of dimensionality refers to the problem o increased sparsity and computational complexity when dealing with high-dimensional data.In recent years,the types and vari ables of industrial data have increased si...The curse of dimensionality refers to the problem o increased sparsity and computational complexity when dealing with high-dimensional data.In recent years,the types and vari ables of industrial data have increased significantly,making data driven models more challenging to develop.To address this prob lem,data augmentation technology has been introduced as an effective tool to solve the sparsity problem of high-dimensiona industrial data.This paper systematically explores and discusses the necessity,feasibility,and effectiveness of augmented indus trial data-driven modeling in the context of the curse of dimen sionality and virtual big data.Then,the process of data augmen tation modeling is analyzed,and the concept of data boosting augmentation is proposed.The data boosting augmentation involves designing the reliability weight and actual-virtual weigh functions,and developing a double weighted partial least squares model to optimize the three stages of data generation,data fusion and modeling.This approach significantly improves the inter pretability,effectiveness,and practicality of data augmentation in the industrial modeling.Finally,the proposed method is verified using practical examples of fault diagnosis systems and virtua measurement systems in the industry.The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach in improving the accu racy and robustness of data-driven models,making them more suitable for real-world industrial applications.展开更多
The mineral resources exploitation stage and the economic growth rate are various in different regions of Xinjiang Autonomous region. Using the method of location quotient, this paper identifies and classifies the int...The mineral resources exploitation stage and the economic growth rate are various in different regions of Xinjiang Autonomous region. Using the method of location quotient, this paper identifies and classifies the intensive regions of three types of mineral resources, known as coal, oil and natural gas, respectively. The intensive regions of economic growth were also identified, according to the rate of per capita GDP growth at prefecture, autonomous prefecture and city. The relationships between different mineral resources and economic growth are different, for example, the relationship between economic growth and coal resource is positive, while the relationship between economic growth and oil resource, or natural gas resource is negative. This study empirically examines the effects of natural resources on economic growth of Xinjiang. The results show that whilst natural resources have a positive impact on growth, and can make a negative impact on growth through the transmission channels, such as investment, manufacture, human capital, and scientific and technologic innovation. Moreover, it studies the transmission channels, that is, the effect of natural resources on the other explanatory variables, and calculates the indirect effect of natural resources on growth for each transmission channel, and comprehensive effects of natural resources on growth. The calculated result of comprehensive effects indicates that the positive direct effects of natural resources on growth are shown to outweigh the negative indirect effect of Xinjiang autonomous region.展开更多
Traditional opinion considers that natural resources play an important positive role in economic development, while resource curse theory holds that natural resources usually obstruct economic increase. This debate ne...Traditional opinion considers that natural resources play an important positive role in economic development, while resource curse theory holds that natural resources usually obstruct economic increase. This debate needs further exploration. In most of empirical studies on resource curse theory, the economic development of an area is mainly evaluated by the Gross Domestic Product(GDP), however, the social and cultural contents of economic development are seldom considered. Thus, the Human Developing Index(HDI) was chosen to describe the comprehensive developing situation of an area in our study. Based on the panel data from the year of 2000 to 2011, the relationship between Human Developing Index and resource exploitation degree(RED) of 30 provinces in China(Tibet, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macao were not included because of the restriction of data acquisition) was investigated by correlation coefficient analysis and regression analysis. We found that resource curse did exist over the entire country and its effect on 30 provinces were not exactly the same. According to the effects of resource curse, these provinces could be classified into four types: no resource curse provinces, slight resource curse provinces, severe resource curse provinces, and extreme resource curse provinces. Testing from two short time periods 2000–2005, and 2006–2011, the resource curse effect was not prominent. However, testing from the entire period of 2000–2011, the effect was obvious among each province.展开更多
Objective and Methods: A case of Ondine’s curse after posterior fossa decompression was reported. A 33-year-old woman was admitted complaining 2 years of dizziness and progressive worsening of gait disturbances, and ...Objective and Methods: A case of Ondine’s curse after posterior fossa decompression was reported. A 33-year-old woman was admitted complaining 2 years of dizziness and progressive worsening of gait disturbances, and 1 year of repetitively ictal nausea. The diagnosis of Arnold-Chiari malformations was established. Results: The patient underwent suboccipital craniectomy and C1-3 laminectomy. In addition to this decompression measure, a fascial graft was sutured between the edges of the dural incision. Postoperatively, the patient lost automatic control of her respiration doting sleep and became hypercapnic and hypoxemic. Assisted ventilation was initiated. Conclusion: Ondine’s curse is possibly due to insensitivity of central chemoreceptors to carbon dioxide resulting in defective control of minute ventilation. Propofol is not recommended in eases of Ondine’s curse, and assisted ventilation until the restoration of automatic control of respiration can be of value. Oxygen inspiration alone is rather harmful than beneficial.展开更多
延髓梗死并发Ondine’ s curse 综合征是一种延髓梗死并发中枢性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征，是呼吸中枢感受器对二氧化碳敏感性降低，使肺泡气体交换障碍，引起睡眠间高碳酸血症及低氧血症，出现呼吸运动减弱至暂时停止，为极特殊的呼吸中枢...延髓梗死并发Ondine’ s curse 综合征是一种延髓梗死并发中枢性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征，是呼吸中枢感受器对二氧化碳敏感性降低，使肺泡气体交换障碍，引起睡眠间高碳酸血症及低氧血症，出现呼吸运动减弱至暂时停止，为极特殊的呼吸中枢障碍［1，2］。此病的临床特点是患者多意识清楚，在安静睡眠中逐渐出现呼吸减弱或暂停，继而出现紫绀、血氧饱和度下降、昏迷甚至心脏骤停。此病患者存在较多不安全因素，增加了临床护理工作的难度。我科2010年5月～2012年10月收治该病患者9例，护理体会报告如下。展开更多
The Zimbabwean financial sector has been retrogressive,constrained,and unpredictable since the year 2000,serving for the multiple currency periods(2009-2013)after the demonetization of the domestic dollar.The sector s...The Zimbabwean financial sector has been retrogressive,constrained,and unpredictable since the year 2000,serving for the multiple currency periods(2009-2013)after the demonetization of the domestic dollar.The sector since then has seen a number of commercial banks fail to meet RBZ(Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe)minimum capital requirements,put under curatorship,delisted or liquidated because of a myriad of operational and financial challenges.The objective of this study is to make an assessment of whether or not the introduction of bond notes has been a curse or blessing.The study drew raw data from bank account holders,academics,general public,corporate world and commercial banks in Masvingo for analysis and interpretation.The study established that the majority of people,corporate world and commercial banks were sceptical to embrace the surrogate bond notes because of the uncertainties,operational and financial risks that they paused on the domestic financial markets.It was also discovered that most banks were quick to pay clients’withdrawals in bond notes,deduct US dollar equivalences from their accounts,and distinguish bond notes from US dollars at the point of making deposits and foreign business transactions.It was also realized that there was market indiscipline and trading in bigger US dollar notes in the informal sector and serious shortage of the same notes in the formal sector.The study concluded that the introduction of bond notes to trade parallel to the US dollar brought a serious shortage of cash on formal markets and increases in the general price level of goods and services.The study therefore recommends that the RBZ should completely withdraw the bond notes from the market to accord the US dollar its world market value and restore confidence and discipline in the Zimbabwean financial sector.The study also recommends another option of the adoption of the South African Rand as an interventionist way of solving Zimbabwe’s liquidity crises.展开更多
This article investigates the role of Portugal in the birth of the transatlantic slave trade.For a long time,most explanations of this traffic by American historians divorced the so-called“Old World”slave trade from...This article investigates the role of Portugal in the birth of the transatlantic slave trade.For a long time,most explanations of this traffic by American historians divorced the so-called“Old World”slave trade from the New World slave trade.This historiography blamed Christopher Columbus for the latter trade,while writing Portugal out of Atlantic history.Recent research,however,has shown that Portugal was the first country to claim the governance of the Atlantic Ocean and to trade in African slaves across the Atlantic.In an attempt to bring a much-needed African perspective to balance this Eurocentric debate,I question the notion of“trade”in the transatlantic slave trade.I suggest that this“trade”originated not in commerce,but in the Portuguese,pioneer role as slave raiders on the coast of Western Africa,a role spuriously justified by an invented Curse of Cain.The Pope confirmed this role with a bull granting Portugal exclusive rights to capture African slaves and trade them in Europe.This neglected original slave-raiding chapter is the precedent without which the transatlantic slave trade is dangerously misunderstood.展开更多
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(92167106,61833014)Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province(2022C01206)。
文摘The curse of dimensionality refers to the problem o increased sparsity and computational complexity when dealing with high-dimensional data.In recent years,the types and vari ables of industrial data have increased significantly,making data driven models more challenging to develop.To address this prob lem,data augmentation technology has been introduced as an effective tool to solve the sparsity problem of high-dimensiona industrial data.This paper systematically explores and discusses the necessity,feasibility,and effectiveness of augmented indus trial data-driven modeling in the context of the curse of dimen sionality and virtual big data.Then,the process of data augmen tation modeling is analyzed,and the concept of data boosting augmentation is proposed.The data boosting augmentation involves designing the reliability weight and actual-virtual weigh functions,and developing a double weighted partial least squares model to optimize the three stages of data generation,data fusion and modeling.This approach significantly improves the inter pretability,effectiveness,and practicality of data augmentation in the industrial modeling.Finally,the proposed method is verified using practical examples of fault diagnosis systems and virtua measurement systems in the industry.The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach in improving the accu racy and robustness of data-driven models,making them more suitable for real-world industrial applications.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.40871253 and 70873119)
文摘The mineral resources exploitation stage and the economic growth rate are various in different regions of Xinjiang Autonomous region. Using the method of location quotient, this paper identifies and classifies the intensive regions of three types of mineral resources, known as coal, oil and natural gas, respectively. The intensive regions of economic growth were also identified, according to the rate of per capita GDP growth at prefecture, autonomous prefecture and city. The relationships between different mineral resources and economic growth are different, for example, the relationship between economic growth and coal resource is positive, while the relationship between economic growth and oil resource, or natural gas resource is negative. This study empirically examines the effects of natural resources on economic growth of Xinjiang. The results show that whilst natural resources have a positive impact on growth, and can make a negative impact on growth through the transmission channels, such as investment, manufacture, human capital, and scientific and technologic innovation. Moreover, it studies the transmission channels, that is, the effect of natural resources on the other explanatory variables, and calculates the indirect effect of natural resources on growth for each transmission channel, and comprehensive effects of natural resources on growth. The calculated result of comprehensive effects indicates that the positive direct effects of natural resources on growth are shown to outweigh the negative indirect effect of Xinjiang autonomous region.
基金Under the auspices of Specialized Research Fund for Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China(No.20120043110012)Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities(No.12SSXT109)
文摘Traditional opinion considers that natural resources play an important positive role in economic development, while resource curse theory holds that natural resources usually obstruct economic increase. This debate needs further exploration. In most of empirical studies on resource curse theory, the economic development of an area is mainly evaluated by the Gross Domestic Product(GDP), however, the social and cultural contents of economic development are seldom considered. Thus, the Human Developing Index(HDI) was chosen to describe the comprehensive developing situation of an area in our study. Based on the panel data from the year of 2000 to 2011, the relationship between Human Developing Index and resource exploitation degree(RED) of 30 provinces in China(Tibet, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macao were not included because of the restriction of data acquisition) was investigated by correlation coefficient analysis and regression analysis. We found that resource curse did exist over the entire country and its effect on 30 provinces were not exactly the same. According to the effects of resource curse, these provinces could be classified into four types: no resource curse provinces, slight resource curse provinces, severe resource curse provinces, and extreme resource curse provinces. Testing from two short time periods 2000–2005, and 2006–2011, the resource curse effect was not prominent. However, testing from the entire period of 2000–2011, the effect was obvious among each province.
文摘Objective and Methods: A case of Ondine’s curse after posterior fossa decompression was reported. A 33-year-old woman was admitted complaining 2 years of dizziness and progressive worsening of gait disturbances, and 1 year of repetitively ictal nausea. The diagnosis of Arnold-Chiari malformations was established. Results: The patient underwent suboccipital craniectomy and C1-3 laminectomy. In addition to this decompression measure, a fascial graft was sutured between the edges of the dural incision. Postoperatively, the patient lost automatic control of her respiration doting sleep and became hypercapnic and hypoxemic. Assisted ventilation was initiated. Conclusion: Ondine’s curse is possibly due to insensitivity of central chemoreceptors to carbon dioxide resulting in defective control of minute ventilation. Propofol is not recommended in eases of Ondine’s curse, and assisted ventilation until the restoration of automatic control of respiration can be of value. Oxygen inspiration alone is rather harmful than beneficial.
文摘延髓梗死并发Ondine’ s curse 综合征是一种延髓梗死并发中枢性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征，是呼吸中枢感受器对二氧化碳敏感性降低，使肺泡气体交换障碍，引起睡眠间高碳酸血症及低氧血症，出现呼吸运动减弱至暂时停止，为极特殊的呼吸中枢障碍［1，2］。此病的临床特点是患者多意识清楚，在安静睡眠中逐渐出现呼吸减弱或暂停，继而出现紫绀、血氧饱和度下降、昏迷甚至心脏骤停。此病患者存在较多不安全因素，增加了临床护理工作的难度。我科2010年5月～2012年10月收治该病患者9例，护理体会报告如下。
文摘The Zimbabwean financial sector has been retrogressive,constrained,and unpredictable since the year 2000,serving for the multiple currency periods(2009-2013)after the demonetization of the domestic dollar.The sector since then has seen a number of commercial banks fail to meet RBZ(Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe)minimum capital requirements,put under curatorship,delisted or liquidated because of a myriad of operational and financial challenges.The objective of this study is to make an assessment of whether or not the introduction of bond notes has been a curse or blessing.The study drew raw data from bank account holders,academics,general public,corporate world and commercial banks in Masvingo for analysis and interpretation.The study established that the majority of people,corporate world and commercial banks were sceptical to embrace the surrogate bond notes because of the uncertainties,operational and financial risks that they paused on the domestic financial markets.It was also discovered that most banks were quick to pay clients’withdrawals in bond notes,deduct US dollar equivalences from their accounts,and distinguish bond notes from US dollars at the point of making deposits and foreign business transactions.It was also realized that there was market indiscipline and trading in bigger US dollar notes in the informal sector and serious shortage of the same notes in the formal sector.The study concluded that the introduction of bond notes to trade parallel to the US dollar brought a serious shortage of cash on formal markets and increases in the general price level of goods and services.The study therefore recommends that the RBZ should completely withdraw the bond notes from the market to accord the US dollar its world market value and restore confidence and discipline in the Zimbabwean financial sector.The study also recommends another option of the adoption of the South African Rand as an interventionist way of solving Zimbabwe’s liquidity crises.
文摘This article investigates the role of Portugal in the birth of the transatlantic slave trade.For a long time,most explanations of this traffic by American historians divorced the so-called“Old World”slave trade from the New World slave trade.This historiography blamed Christopher Columbus for the latter trade,while writing Portugal out of Atlantic history.Recent research,however,has shown that Portugal was the first country to claim the governance of the Atlantic Ocean and to trade in African slaves across the Atlantic.In an attempt to bring a much-needed African perspective to balance this Eurocentric debate,I question the notion of“trade”in the transatlantic slave trade.I suggest that this“trade”originated not in commerce,but in the Portuguese,pioneer role as slave raiders on the coast of Western Africa,a role spuriously justified by an invented Curse of Cain.The Pope confirmed this role with a bull granting Portugal exclusive rights to capture African slaves and trade them in Europe.This neglected original slave-raiding chapter is the precedent without which the transatlantic slave trade is dangerously misunderstood.
