Background and Aims: On November 24, 2009, Huu S. TIEU and Golden Sunrise Pharmaceutical, Inc. (Golden Sunrise) applied for the Technology and Innovation to be reviewed and evaluated by the U.S. Food and Drug Administ...Background and Aims: On November 24, 2009, Huu S. TIEU and Golden Sunrise Pharmaceutical, Inc. (Golden Sunrise) applied for the Technology and Innovation to be reviewed and evaluated by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). In the review and evaluation, it was requested by Golden Sunrise designated the new indications for this application under Serious or Life-threatening conditions or diseases. Discussions followed with the FDA, Huu S. TIEU, and Golden Sunrise for FDA approval on new products and new indications on existing new Medical Technology and Innovation. It was agreed in Year-2015 that the FDA would take the request for new indications to the United States Congress to establish into FDA regulation and law. At that time the following was the FDA Guidance—“Emergency Use of a Test Article” is exempt from prior Institutional Review Board or Advisory Committee evaluation and approval, provided that such emergency use is reported to the Institutional Review Board within five working days after use. Expedited Institutional Review Board or Advisory Committee approval is not permitted in emergency use. There has been no funding to the authors for the writing or publication of this article. Methods: It was requested by Huu S. TIEU and Golden Sunrise in documents given to the FDA to have Serious or Life-threatening conditions or diseases indication be recognized by law. On August 08, 2015, the FDA responding to this request took the documentation produced by Golden Sunrise to the United States Congress on behalf of Golden Sunrise and Huu S. TIEU. This article encompasses the FDA regulatory method as well as the discussion and results of the establishment of the FDA and the 21<sup>st</sup> Century Cures Act. Results: On December 13, 2016, H.R.34—114<sup>th</sup> United States Congress (2015-2016) 21<sup>st</sup> Century CURES Act was signed into law by President Barack H. Obama which included the Serious or Life-threatening indication to be written into the CURES Act. In summary, the 21<sup>st</sup> Century Cures Act is a landmark piece of legislation that enjoyed broad bipartisan support in United States Congress. The main goals of the Act are impactful and should transform future cancer, neurologic, and precision medicine or drug research as well as aid individuals with mental health is intended to facilitate the prompt approval of new agents and devices, clinicians should be aware of the types of data behind an approval and take this into consideration when developing illnesses and opioid dependence. However, some of the wording within the CURES Act regarding the drug and device approval process may bring pause to health care providers including pharmacists. Although this wording and implementing care plans and counseling patients. The 21<sup>st</sup> Century Cures Act was incorporated into laws and regulations by the FDA under § 3072 of the Act grants the Commissioner of Food and Drugs the authority to appoint and set the annual rate of pay for outstanding and qualified candidates to scientific, technical, or professional positions that support the development, review, and regulation of medical products.展开更多
The common defects of the Roe scheme are the non-physical expansion shock and shock instability. By removing the momentum interpolation mechanism(MIM), an improved method with several advantages has been presented to ...The common defects of the Roe scheme are the non-physical expansion shock and shock instability. By removing the momentum interpolation mechanism(MIM), an improved method with several advantages has been presented to suppress the shock instability. However, it cannot prevent the expansion shock and is incompatible with the traditional curing method for expansion shock. To solve the problem, the traditional curing mechanism is analyzed. Effectiveness of the traditional curing method is discussed,and several defects are identified, one of which leads to incompatibility between curing shock instability and expansion shock. Consequently, an improved Roe scheme is proposed, which is with low computational costs, concise, easy to implement, and robust.More importantly, the proposed scheme can simultaneously solve the problem of shock instability and expansion shock without additional costs.展开更多
We report a case of a 59-year-old gentleman who had suffered from low back pain for several months.Abdominal sonogram showed multiple heteroechoic nodules in the bilateral liver and an enlarged pancreatic head.Abdomin...We report a case of a 59-year-old gentleman who had suffered from low back pain for several months.Abdominal sonogram showed multiple heteroechoic nodules in the bilateral liver and an enlarged pancreatic head.Abdominal computer tomography(CT)favored pancreas head tumor with liver and bone metastasis.Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP)disclosed pancreatic duct invasion over the distal portion of the pancreatic duct with prestenotic dilatation.Liver biopsy showed undifferentiated carcinoma.As suggested by the pathologist,the nasopharyngeal area was checked by the ear,nose and throat doctor,was negative and nasopharyngeal carcinoma was ex-cluded.Therefore,the patient was treated with Gemcitabine(1500 mg/wk),as the suggested treatment schedule,for 24 wk in opioid dependency program.Sequential abdominal CT during follow up showed the disappearance of liver metastasis and shrinkage of the pancreatic tumor.Repeated ERCP after treatment showed re-channelization of the pancreatic duct.During11 years of follow up,5 CT scans disclosed not only the disappearance of the hepatic tumor but also no cancer recurrence.Progressive shrinkage of pancreatic head was also noted.Therefore,we can say this malignant case was cured by monotherapy with gemcitabine.展开更多
In order to realize the comprehensive utilization of industrial solid waste rice husk ash and heavy metal cadmium contaminated soil,rice husk ash-based geopolymer prepared by alkaline activator was used to modify cadm...In order to realize the comprehensive utilization of industrial solid waste rice husk ash and heavy metal cadmium contaminated soil,rice husk ash-based geopolymer prepared by alkaline activator was used to modify cadmium contaminated soil.The main physical and chemical properties of rice husk ash were clarified by SEM,XRF and X-ray diffraction.The unconfined compressive strength test and toxicity leaching test were carried out on the modified soil.Combined with FTIR and TG micro-level,the solidification mechanism of rice husk ash-based geopolymer solidified cadmium contaminated soil was discussed.The results show that the strength of geopolymer modified soil is significantly higher than that of plain soil,and the unconfined compressive strength at 7 d age is 4.2 times that of plain soil.The strength of modified soil with different dosage of geopolymer at 28 d age is about 36% to 40% higher than that of modified soil at 7 d age.Geopolymer has a significant effect on the leaching of heavy metals in contaminated soil.When the cadmium content is 100 mg/kg,it meets the standard limit.In the process of complex depolymerization-condensation reaction,on the one hand,geopolymers are cemented and agglomerated to form a complex spatial structure,which affects the macro and micro characteristics of soil.On the other hand,it has significant adsorption,precipitation and replacement effects on heavy metal ions in soil,showing good strength and low heavy metal leaching toxicity.展开更多
The Silk Road has functioned as a trade route and a gateway for all manner of ideas and religions since before recorded history.Today,it may have lost much of its luster,but trains and trucks continue to carry electro...The Silk Road has functioned as a trade route and a gateway for all manner of ideas and religions since before recorded history.Today,it may have lost much of its luster,but trains and trucks continue to carry electronics and raw materials on a road that once carried Jesuits and silk.In the thousands of years of history held in the footsteps along the Silk Road,there are millions of stories.We bring you three of them(see page 30).The展开更多
THE Pan Danian Clinic. located in the Puhui Residential Area in western Beijing, is small but attracts countless patients. It is specific for those suffering from hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. Doctor Pan is gent...THE Pan Danian Clinic. located in the Puhui Residential Area in western Beijing, is small but attracts countless patients. It is specific for those suffering from hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. Doctor Pan is gentle and refined, and often smiles with closed lips.展开更多
There are few things that can quell the onslaught of a hangover quite like a kebab,and for post-partying expats staggering down Wulumuqi Zhong Lu,the sight of Eli Falafel's majestically revolving shawarma appears ...There are few things that can quell the onslaught of a hangover quite like a kebab,and for post-partying expats staggering down Wulumuqi Zhong Lu,the sight of Eli Falafel's majestically revolving shawarma appears like the mirage of a tall glass of Alka-Seltzer。展开更多
Herein,cure characteristics,morphology,and mechanical properties of natural rubber filled with activated carbon-based materials were investigated.Carbon-based materials were prepared from bagasse,coffee grounds and pi...Herein,cure characteristics,morphology,and mechanical properties of natural rubber filled with activated carbon-based materials were investigated.Carbon-based materials were prepared from bagasse,coffee grounds and pineapple crowns by the pyrolysis method at temperatures in the range of 300℃.As-synthesized carbon materials were characterized by optical microscopy(OM),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR)to analyze size distribution,morphology,and functional groups,respectively.OM and SEM analysis revealed that particles,flakes,and a small quantity of fiber-like carbon were obtained using bagasse and pineapple crown as raw materials,while honeycomb-like carbon materials can be derived from coffee grounds.To investigate the mechanical properties,natural rubber was filled with carbon black and as-synthesized carbon materials by the internal mixing and compression molding process.Transmission electron microscopy(TEM)was utilized to characterize the dispersion of carbon materials in the rubber matrix.The results of tensile testing showed that the natural rubber mixed with as-synthesized carbon materials from pineapple crowns exhibited 54%and 74%improvement in the ultimate tensile strength and Young’s modulus,respectively,compared with natural rubber without filled carbon materials.The enhancement in mechanical properties by activated carbon materials derived from pineapple crowns can be attributed to the flake-and fiber-like structures and good dispersion of carbon materials in the rubber matrix.In addition,it is higher than that of rubber mixed with carbon black.The results demonstrated that as-synthesized carbon materials from pineapple crowns have the potential materials to substitute carbon black in the rubber compound industry.展开更多
Paste and mortar specimens were prepared with sulfoaluminate cement(SAC),P⋅O 42.5 ordinary Portland cement(OPC),and standard sand,and mixed and cured with pure water and artificial seawater,respectively.The mechanical...Paste and mortar specimens were prepared with sulfoaluminate cement(SAC),P⋅O 42.5 ordinary Portland cement(OPC),and standard sand,and mixed and cured with pure water and artificial seawater,respectively.The mechanical properties of mortar specimens were tested.Hydration and microstructure of paste specimens were also investigated using X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscope(SEM),and 27Al nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR),respectively.The results indicate that SAC mortar samples mixed and cured by seawater have faster strength growth before 28 d and higher compressive strength than OPC mortar samples.Compared to curing in deionized water,the hydration products of SAC are somewhat coarser when cured in simulated seawater.The evolution of aluminum phase hydration products during the hydration process of SAC mixed and cured in simulated seawater is quite different from that of OPC.From 3 to 28 d,the content of each aluminum phase hydration product in SAC paste cured in simulated seawater changed little,while that in OPC paste changed significantly;for example,from 7 to 28 d,the content of ettringite(AFt)in OPC paste increased significantly.This type of AFt formed loosely,harming the mortar's microstructure.展开更多
Chloride ions(Cl^(-))have been shown to impact the long-lasting nature of reinforced concrete.However,Cl^(-)that are already bound inside the concrete will not lead to the deterioration of the concrete’s characterist...Chloride ions(Cl^(-))have been shown to impact the long-lasting nature of reinforced concrete.However,Cl^(-)that are already bound inside the concrete will not lead to the deterioration of the concrete’s characteristics.The composition of the cement-based material,including the type of cement and auxiliary materials,greatly influences the ability of the material to bind Cl^(-),and varied components result in varying binding beha-vior of the Cl^(-).Simultaneously,the Cl^(-)binding process in concrete is influenced by both the internal and exterior surroundings,as well as the curing practices.These factors impact the hydration process of the cement and the internal pore structure of the concrete.Currently,mathematical theories and molecular dynamics simulations have increasingly been employed as the prevalent methods for examining the binding behaviors of Cl^(-)in concrete.These techniques are extensively utilized for predicting the lifespan and conducting microscopic studies of reinforced concrete in Cl^(-)settings.This work proposes recommendations for future research based on a summary of experimental and simulation investigations on Cl^(-)binding.Which will offer theoretical guidance for studying the binding of Cl^(-)in cement-based materials.展开更多
To overcome reliance on molds and the difficulty of fabricating complex geometries with traditional C/C composites,direct ink writing(DIW)with UV/heat dual curing was employed to produce high-performance C/C composite...To overcome reliance on molds and the difficulty of fabricating complex geometries with traditional C/C composites,direct ink writing(DIW)with UV/heat dual curing was employed to produce high-performance C/C composites.The rheological properties of the composite inks were systematically analyzed to assess the effects of phenolic resin(PR)and carbon fiber(CF)content.Results show pronounced shear-thinning behavior and strong thixotropy-both essential for stable DIW.Additionally,UV/heat curing behavior was characterized to provide theoretical insights for optimizing curing parameters.Notably,CF addition is found to significantly attenuate UV light penetration compared to pure PR.As CF content increases,the critical UV irradiation energy rises sharply from 68.47 to 911.19 mJ/cm^(2),necessitating precise adjustments to curing parameters.Preforms were pyrolyzed in a carbon tube furnace to examine pore-formation characteristics,and chemical vapor infiltration(CVI)was applied to filling the resulting pores,yielding C/C composites with a flexural strength of 115.19 MPa.展开更多
Chronic hepatitis B(CHB)remains a significant global health challenge,affecting more than 250 million individuals worldwide.A functional cure,defined as the loss of hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg)and suppression of...Chronic hepatitis B(CHB)remains a significant global health challenge,affecting more than 250 million individuals worldwide.A functional cure,defined as the loss of hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg)and suppression of hepatitis B virus(HBV)DNA to undetectable levels,represents the optimal therapeutic endpoint for managing CHB.However,the complex pathogenesis of CHB,which includes HBV DNA integration,persistence of covalently closed circular DNA,and impaired immune responses,presents substantial barriers to HBsAg clearance.Current therapies offer limited success in achieving a functional cure,with HBsAg seroclearance occurring in only 3%-5%of patients after 10 years of nucleos(t)ide analogs(NAs)therapy and 8%-14%within 3-5 years of pegylated interferon treatment.To overcome these limitations,novel direct-acting antivirals targeting different stages of the HBV life cycle are being investigated.Additionally,immunomodulatory approaches,including therapeutic vaccines and immune checkpoint inhibitors,are being explored to enhance HBV-specific immune responses.The concept of NAs cessation in carefully selected non-cirrhotic patients may accelerate HBsAg loss,although the risks of hepatic flare and hepatocellular carcinoma necessitate rigorous monitoring.This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of HBsAg seroclearance in CHB,discussing its clinical significance,therapeutic challenges,and evolving treatment landscape in the pursuit of a functional cure.展开更多
The effects of calcination temperature and mechanical ball milling on the physicochemical properties of electrolytic manganese residue(EMR),mineral phase transition,pozzolanic activity,and pore structure were studied....The effects of calcination temperature and mechanical ball milling on the physicochemical properties of electrolytic manganese residue(EMR),mineral phase transition,pozzolanic activity,and pore structure were studied.The experimental results show that the strength activity index(SAI)of 20%EMR mixed mortar at 28 days is 90.54%,95.40%,and 90.73%,respectively,after pretreatment with EMR at 800℃calcined for 3,5,and 8 min.This is mainly attributed to the high temperature decomposition of gypsum dihydrate to form activated calcium oxide.In addition,high temperature and mechanical force destroys the Si-O chemical bond and promotes the formation of calcium silicate gel structure.Due to the existence of a large number of gypsum phases in EMR mixed mortar,a large number of ettringite,C-S-H,aluminosilicate,C-A-S-H,and AFm are formed,which strongly verifies the volcanic activity of EMR.The leaching test shows that high temperature calcination has a significant effect on the stabilization of NH_(3)-N.However,the curing effect of Mn^(2+)is significant only in the calcination at 1000℃,but both Mn^(2+)and NH_(3)-N in the calcined EMR are higher than the emission standard.The encapsulation effect of EMR composite mortar provided by hydration products,and the buffering capacity of the Si-Al system for solidification of heavy metals and strong alkalis are conducive to the stability of Mn^(2+)and NH_(3)-N.After the EMR mixed mortar is aged for 3 days,Mn and NH_(3)-N are completely lower than the emission standard.In general,the EMR mixed mortar can meet the requirements for green building use.展开更多
[2-(3,4-epoxy-cyclohexyl)ethyl]dimethyltert-butylsilane was synthesized,using tert-butyldimethylsilane(TBDMS)and 1,2-epoxy-4-vinylcyclohexane(EVC)as the main raw materials and tris(triphenylphosphine)chlororhodium(I)[...[2-(3,4-epoxy-cyclohexyl)ethyl]dimethyltert-butylsilane was synthesized,using tert-butyldimethylsilane(TBDMS)and 1,2-epoxy-4-vinylcyclohexane(EVC)as the main raw materials and tris(triphenylphosphine)chlororhodium(I)[RhCl(Ph3P)3]as the catalyst.[2-(3,4-epoxy-cyclohexyl)ethyl]dimethyltert-butylsilane is a novel kind of silicon-containing epoxide.The factors affecting the reaction yield,such as catalyst use,reaction time and reaction temperature,were investigated,and the synthesized product was characterized and analyzed by FT-IR and 1H-NMR.A series of amine-curing resins were prepared with[2-(3,4-epoxy-cyclohexyl)ethyl]dimethyltert-butylsilane,bisphenol A epoxy resin(E-51)and modified amine(593 amine).The mechanical properties of cured splines with the different proportions of amine-curing resins were tested.When the content of 593 amine was 20%,the content of E-51 was 75%and the amount of[2-(3,4-epoxy-cyclohexyl)ethyl]dimethyltert-butylsilane was 5%,the mechanical properties of the cured splines were the best with the tensile strength being 23.3 MPa,the elongation at break being 7.8%,and the Young's modulus being 421.3 MPa.展开更多
Sodium chloride is one of the most widely used additives in meat curing.However,cured meat products contribute to a portion of the total sodium dietary intake.Consumers and researchers'concern about excessive sodi...Sodium chloride is one of the most widely used additives in meat curing.However,cured meat products contribute to a portion of the total sodium dietary intake.Consumers and researchers'concern about excessive sodium intake has prompted the food industry to consider ways to reduce salt content of cured meat products.The aim of this review is to provide a broad but comprehensive understanding of salt reduction strategies for cured meat products.The implications and limitations of each approach were discussed.Green technologies treatments,such as ultrasonic technology,high-pressure processing,seem to be potential to ensure microbiological safety in low-sodium cured meat products.However,these novel technologies can cause protein and fat oxidization in meat products.A combination of multiple treatments could give the desired effect.In addition,different parameter conditions need to be set according to the specific meat to achieve better salt reduction effect.展开更多
To address the negative impact of an internal curing agent on strength while preserving its ability to resist autogenous shrinkage,we investigated the incorporation of triethanolamine and triisopropanolamine as early-...To address the negative impact of an internal curing agent on strength while preserving its ability to resist autogenous shrinkage,we investigated the incorporation of triethanolamine and triisopropanolamine as early-strength components.These additives were combined with an internal curing agent to prepare a compound early-strength internal curing agent so as to investigate how compound early-strength internal curing agents affect the mechanical characteristics and volume stability of mortar.This was assessed using a battery of tests,including strength,autogenous shrinkage,internal relative humidity,mercury intrusion porosimetry,X-ray powder diffraction,and scanning electron microscopy.These results indicate that the compound early-strength internal curing agent effectively maintains the volume stability of the mortar without compromising its early mechanical properties.The compressive strength ratios of the mortar mixed with the compound early-strength internal curing agent were 109.45% at 3 days and 119% at 7 days,indicating significant improvement compared with the internal curing agent.Furthermore,the 7-day autogenous shrinkage rate of the mortar was-56.78μm/m.The proportion of hazardous-grade pores larger than 100 nm was reduced to 3.54%,and the pore distribution was uniform.This study introduces innovative ideas and methods for mitigating the adverse effects of internal curing agents on the early strength of mortar.展开更多
BACKGROUND Enterocutaneous(EC)fistula incidence has been increasing in China,along with increases in the volume and complexity of surgeries.The conservative treatment strategy has been analyzed to improve the treatmen...BACKGROUND Enterocutaneous(EC)fistula incidence has been increasing in China,along with increases in the volume and complexity of surgeries.The conservative treatment strategy has been analyzed to improve the treatment outcomes for patients with EC fistulas and reduce the need for reoperation.AIM To analyze the clinical data of patients undergoing conservative treatment for EC fistulas and identify the factors that promote self-healing.These findings provide a reference for improving the clinical cure rate of EC fistulas with conservative treatment.METHODS The clinical data of 91 patients with EC fistulas who underwent conservative treatment were collected.The relationships between the cure rate and characteristics such as age,sex,body mass index,albumin level,primary disease,cause of the fistula,location of the fistula,number of fistulas,nature of the fistula,infection status,diagnostic methods,nutritional support methods,somatostatin therapy,growth hormone therapy,and fibrin glue therapy were analyzed.RESULTS A comparison of the basic patient characteristics between the two groups revealed statistically significant differences in primary disease(P=0.044),location of the fistula(P=0.006),number of fistulas(P=0.007),and use of adhesive sealing(χ2=12.194,P<0.001)between the uncured and cured groups.The use of fibrin glue was a significant factor associated with a cure for fistulas(odds ratio=5.459,95%CI:1.958-15.219,P=0.01).CONCLUSION The cure rate of patients with a single EC fistula can be effectively improved via conservative treatment combined with the use of biological fibrin glue to seal the fistula.展开更多
文摘Background and Aims: On November 24, 2009, Huu S. TIEU and Golden Sunrise Pharmaceutical, Inc. (Golden Sunrise) applied for the Technology and Innovation to be reviewed and evaluated by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). In the review and evaluation, it was requested by Golden Sunrise designated the new indications for this application under Serious or Life-threatening conditions or diseases. Discussions followed with the FDA, Huu S. TIEU, and Golden Sunrise for FDA approval on new products and new indications on existing new Medical Technology and Innovation. It was agreed in Year-2015 that the FDA would take the request for new indications to the United States Congress to establish into FDA regulation and law. At that time the following was the FDA Guidance—“Emergency Use of a Test Article” is exempt from prior Institutional Review Board or Advisory Committee evaluation and approval, provided that such emergency use is reported to the Institutional Review Board within five working days after use. Expedited Institutional Review Board or Advisory Committee approval is not permitted in emergency use. There has been no funding to the authors for the writing or publication of this article. Methods: It was requested by Huu S. TIEU and Golden Sunrise in documents given to the FDA to have Serious or Life-threatening conditions or diseases indication be recognized by law. On August 08, 2015, the FDA responding to this request took the documentation produced by Golden Sunrise to the United States Congress on behalf of Golden Sunrise and Huu S. TIEU. This article encompasses the FDA regulatory method as well as the discussion and results of the establishment of the FDA and the 21<sup>st</sup> Century Cures Act. Results: On December 13, 2016, H.R.34—114<sup>th</sup> United States Congress (2015-2016) 21<sup>st</sup> Century CURES Act was signed into law by President Barack H. Obama which included the Serious or Life-threatening indication to be written into the CURES Act. In summary, the 21<sup>st</sup> Century Cures Act is a landmark piece of legislation that enjoyed broad bipartisan support in United States Congress. The main goals of the Act are impactful and should transform future cancer, neurologic, and precision medicine or drug research as well as aid individuals with mental health is intended to facilitate the prompt approval of new agents and devices, clinicians should be aware of the types of data behind an approval and take this into consideration when developing illnesses and opioid dependence. However, some of the wording within the CURES Act regarding the drug and device approval process may bring pause to health care providers including pharmacists. Although this wording and implementing care plans and counseling patients. The 21<sup>st</sup> Century Cures Act was incorporated into laws and regulations by the FDA under § 3072 of the Act grants the Commissioner of Food and Drugs the authority to appoint and set the annual rate of pay for outstanding and qualified candidates to scientific, technical, or professional positions that support the development, review, and regulation of medical products.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51736008 and 51276092)
文摘The common defects of the Roe scheme are the non-physical expansion shock and shock instability. By removing the momentum interpolation mechanism(MIM), an improved method with several advantages has been presented to suppress the shock instability. However, it cannot prevent the expansion shock and is incompatible with the traditional curing method for expansion shock. To solve the problem, the traditional curing mechanism is analyzed. Effectiveness of the traditional curing method is discussed,and several defects are identified, one of which leads to incompatibility between curing shock instability and expansion shock. Consequently, an improved Roe scheme is proposed, which is with low computational costs, concise, easy to implement, and robust.More importantly, the proposed scheme can simultaneously solve the problem of shock instability and expansion shock without additional costs.
文摘We report a case of a 59-year-old gentleman who had suffered from low back pain for several months.Abdominal sonogram showed multiple heteroechoic nodules in the bilateral liver and an enlarged pancreatic head.Abdominal computer tomography(CT)favored pancreas head tumor with liver and bone metastasis.Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP)disclosed pancreatic duct invasion over the distal portion of the pancreatic duct with prestenotic dilatation.Liver biopsy showed undifferentiated carcinoma.As suggested by the pathologist,the nasopharyngeal area was checked by the ear,nose and throat doctor,was negative and nasopharyngeal carcinoma was ex-cluded.Therefore,the patient was treated with Gemcitabine(1500 mg/wk),as the suggested treatment schedule,for 24 wk in opioid dependency program.Sequential abdominal CT during follow up showed the disappearance of liver metastasis and shrinkage of the pancreatic tumor.Repeated ERCP after treatment showed re-channelization of the pancreatic duct.During11 years of follow up,5 CT scans disclosed not only the disappearance of the hepatic tumor but also no cancer recurrence.Progressive shrinkage of pancreatic head was also noted.Therefore,we can say this malignant case was cured by monotherapy with gemcitabine.
基金Funded by Central Guiding Local Science and Technology Development Special Fund Project(No.ZYYD2023B02)Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program for College Students in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(No.S202410994015)+2 种基金China University of Mining and Technology Coal Fine Exploration and Intelligent Development National Key Laboratory Xinjiang Engineering College Joint Fund(No.SKLCRSM-XJIE24KF001)Basic Research Funds for Autonomous Region Universities(No.XJEDU2024P082)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41662017)。
文摘In order to realize the comprehensive utilization of industrial solid waste rice husk ash and heavy metal cadmium contaminated soil,rice husk ash-based geopolymer prepared by alkaline activator was used to modify cadmium contaminated soil.The main physical and chemical properties of rice husk ash were clarified by SEM,XRF and X-ray diffraction.The unconfined compressive strength test and toxicity leaching test were carried out on the modified soil.Combined with FTIR and TG micro-level,the solidification mechanism of rice husk ash-based geopolymer solidified cadmium contaminated soil was discussed.The results show that the strength of geopolymer modified soil is significantly higher than that of plain soil,and the unconfined compressive strength at 7 d age is 4.2 times that of plain soil.The strength of modified soil with different dosage of geopolymer at 28 d age is about 36% to 40% higher than that of modified soil at 7 d age.Geopolymer has a significant effect on the leaching of heavy metals in contaminated soil.When the cadmium content is 100 mg/kg,it meets the standard limit.In the process of complex depolymerization-condensation reaction,on the one hand,geopolymers are cemented and agglomerated to form a complex spatial structure,which affects the macro and micro characteristics of soil.On the other hand,it has significant adsorption,precipitation and replacement effects on heavy metal ions in soil,showing good strength and low heavy metal leaching toxicity.
文摘The Silk Road has functioned as a trade route and a gateway for all manner of ideas and religions since before recorded history.Today,it may have lost much of its luster,but trains and trucks continue to carry electronics and raw materials on a road that once carried Jesuits and silk.In the thousands of years of history held in the footsteps along the Silk Road,there are millions of stories.We bring you three of them(see page 30).The
文摘THE Pan Danian Clinic. located in the Puhui Residential Area in western Beijing, is small but attracts countless patients. It is specific for those suffering from hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. Doctor Pan is gentle and refined, and often smiles with closed lips.
文摘There are few things that can quell the onslaught of a hangover quite like a kebab,and for post-partying expats staggering down Wulumuqi Zhong Lu,the sight of Eli Falafel's majestically revolving shawarma appears like the mirage of a tall glass of Alka-Seltzer。
基金funded by Faculty of Engineering,Burapha University,grant number 003/2567.
文摘Herein,cure characteristics,morphology,and mechanical properties of natural rubber filled with activated carbon-based materials were investigated.Carbon-based materials were prepared from bagasse,coffee grounds and pineapple crowns by the pyrolysis method at temperatures in the range of 300℃.As-synthesized carbon materials were characterized by optical microscopy(OM),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR)to analyze size distribution,morphology,and functional groups,respectively.OM and SEM analysis revealed that particles,flakes,and a small quantity of fiber-like carbon were obtained using bagasse and pineapple crown as raw materials,while honeycomb-like carbon materials can be derived from coffee grounds.To investigate the mechanical properties,natural rubber was filled with carbon black and as-synthesized carbon materials by the internal mixing and compression molding process.Transmission electron microscopy(TEM)was utilized to characterize the dispersion of carbon materials in the rubber matrix.The results of tensile testing showed that the natural rubber mixed with as-synthesized carbon materials from pineapple crowns exhibited 54%and 74%improvement in the ultimate tensile strength and Young’s modulus,respectively,compared with natural rubber without filled carbon materials.The enhancement in mechanical properties by activated carbon materials derived from pineapple crowns can be attributed to the flake-and fiber-like structures and good dispersion of carbon materials in the rubber matrix.In addition,it is higher than that of rubber mixed with carbon black.The results demonstrated that as-synthesized carbon materials from pineapple crowns have the potential materials to substitute carbon black in the rubber compound industry.
基金Funded by Science and Technology Development Project of China Railway Design Corporation(Nos.2023A0226407,2023B03040003)。
文摘Paste and mortar specimens were prepared with sulfoaluminate cement(SAC),P⋅O 42.5 ordinary Portland cement(OPC),and standard sand,and mixed and cured with pure water and artificial seawater,respectively.The mechanical properties of mortar specimens were tested.Hydration and microstructure of paste specimens were also investigated using X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscope(SEM),and 27Al nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR),respectively.The results indicate that SAC mortar samples mixed and cured by seawater have faster strength growth before 28 d and higher compressive strength than OPC mortar samples.Compared to curing in deionized water,the hydration products of SAC are somewhat coarser when cured in simulated seawater.The evolution of aluminum phase hydration products during the hydration process of SAC mixed and cured in simulated seawater is quite different from that of OPC.From 3 to 28 d,the content of each aluminum phase hydration product in SAC paste cured in simulated seawater changed little,while that in OPC paste changed significantly;for example,from 7 to 28 d,the content of ettringite(AFt)in OPC paste increased significantly.This type of AFt formed loosely,harming the mortar's microstructure.
文摘Chloride ions(Cl^(-))have been shown to impact the long-lasting nature of reinforced concrete.However,Cl^(-)that are already bound inside the concrete will not lead to the deterioration of the concrete’s characteristics.The composition of the cement-based material,including the type of cement and auxiliary materials,greatly influences the ability of the material to bind Cl^(-),and varied components result in varying binding beha-vior of the Cl^(-).Simultaneously,the Cl^(-)binding process in concrete is influenced by both the internal and exterior surroundings,as well as the curing practices.These factors impact the hydration process of the cement and the internal pore structure of the concrete.Currently,mathematical theories and molecular dynamics simulations have increasingly been employed as the prevalent methods for examining the binding behaviors of Cl^(-)in concrete.These techniques are extensively utilized for predicting the lifespan and conducting microscopic studies of reinforced concrete in Cl^(-)settings.This work proposes recommendations for future research based on a summary of experimental and simulation investigations on Cl^(-)binding.Which will offer theoretical guidance for studying the binding of Cl^(-)in cement-based materials.
基金supported by State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy,Central South University,Changsha,China.
文摘To overcome reliance on molds and the difficulty of fabricating complex geometries with traditional C/C composites,direct ink writing(DIW)with UV/heat dual curing was employed to produce high-performance C/C composites.The rheological properties of the composite inks were systematically analyzed to assess the effects of phenolic resin(PR)and carbon fiber(CF)content.Results show pronounced shear-thinning behavior and strong thixotropy-both essential for stable DIW.Additionally,UV/heat curing behavior was characterized to provide theoretical insights for optimizing curing parameters.Notably,CF addition is found to significantly attenuate UV light penetration compared to pure PR.As CF content increases,the critical UV irradiation energy rises sharply from 68.47 to 911.19 mJ/cm^(2),necessitating precise adjustments to curing parameters.Preforms were pyrolyzed in a carbon tube furnace to examine pore-formation characteristics,and chemical vapor infiltration(CVI)was applied to filling the resulting pores,yielding C/C composites with a flexural strength of 115.19 MPa.
文摘Chronic hepatitis B(CHB)remains a significant global health challenge,affecting more than 250 million individuals worldwide.A functional cure,defined as the loss of hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg)and suppression of hepatitis B virus(HBV)DNA to undetectable levels,represents the optimal therapeutic endpoint for managing CHB.However,the complex pathogenesis of CHB,which includes HBV DNA integration,persistence of covalently closed circular DNA,and impaired immune responses,presents substantial barriers to HBsAg clearance.Current therapies offer limited success in achieving a functional cure,with HBsAg seroclearance occurring in only 3%-5%of patients after 10 years of nucleos(t)ide analogs(NAs)therapy and 8%-14%within 3-5 years of pegylated interferon treatment.To overcome these limitations,novel direct-acting antivirals targeting different stages of the HBV life cycle are being investigated.Additionally,immunomodulatory approaches,including therapeutic vaccines and immune checkpoint inhibitors,are being explored to enhance HBV-specific immune responses.The concept of NAs cessation in carefully selected non-cirrhotic patients may accelerate HBsAg loss,although the risks of hepatic flare and hepatocellular carcinoma necessitate rigorous monitoring.This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of HBsAg seroclearance in CHB,discussing its clinical significance,therapeutic challenges,and evolving treatment landscape in the pursuit of a functional cure.
基金Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52178216)the Gansu Provincial Science and Technology Programme(No.23JRRA813)。
文摘The effects of calcination temperature and mechanical ball milling on the physicochemical properties of electrolytic manganese residue(EMR),mineral phase transition,pozzolanic activity,and pore structure were studied.The experimental results show that the strength activity index(SAI)of 20%EMR mixed mortar at 28 days is 90.54%,95.40%,and 90.73%,respectively,after pretreatment with EMR at 800℃calcined for 3,5,and 8 min.This is mainly attributed to the high temperature decomposition of gypsum dihydrate to form activated calcium oxide.In addition,high temperature and mechanical force destroys the Si-O chemical bond and promotes the formation of calcium silicate gel structure.Due to the existence of a large number of gypsum phases in EMR mixed mortar,a large number of ettringite,C-S-H,aluminosilicate,C-A-S-H,and AFm are formed,which strongly verifies the volcanic activity of EMR.The leaching test shows that high temperature calcination has a significant effect on the stabilization of NH_(3)-N.However,the curing effect of Mn^(2+)is significant only in the calcination at 1000℃,but both Mn^(2+)and NH_(3)-N in the calcined EMR are higher than the emission standard.The encapsulation effect of EMR composite mortar provided by hydration products,and the buffering capacity of the Si-Al system for solidification of heavy metals and strong alkalis are conducive to the stability of Mn^(2+)and NH_(3)-N.After the EMR mixed mortar is aged for 3 days,Mn and NH_(3)-N are completely lower than the emission standard.In general,the EMR mixed mortar can meet the requirements for green building use.
基金Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21865017)。
文摘[2-(3,4-epoxy-cyclohexyl)ethyl]dimethyltert-butylsilane was synthesized,using tert-butyldimethylsilane(TBDMS)and 1,2-epoxy-4-vinylcyclohexane(EVC)as the main raw materials and tris(triphenylphosphine)chlororhodium(I)[RhCl(Ph3P)3]as the catalyst.[2-(3,4-epoxy-cyclohexyl)ethyl]dimethyltert-butylsilane is a novel kind of silicon-containing epoxide.The factors affecting the reaction yield,such as catalyst use,reaction time and reaction temperature,were investigated,and the synthesized product was characterized and analyzed by FT-IR and 1H-NMR.A series of amine-curing resins were prepared with[2-(3,4-epoxy-cyclohexyl)ethyl]dimethyltert-butylsilane,bisphenol A epoxy resin(E-51)and modified amine(593 amine).The mechanical properties of cured splines with the different proportions of amine-curing resins were tested.When the content of 593 amine was 20%,the content of E-51 was 75%and the amount of[2-(3,4-epoxy-cyclohexyl)ethyl]dimethyltert-butylsilane was 5%,the mechanical properties of the cured splines were the best with the tensile strength being 23.3 MPa,the elongation at break being 7.8%,and the Young's modulus being 421.3 MPa.
基金financially supported by Youth Talent Support Programme of Guangdong Provincial Association for Science and Technology(SKXRC202317)the Open Project of Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/Key Laboratory of Alcoholic Beverages Quality and Safety of China Light Industry(FQS-202201)+3 种基金Characteristic Innovation Project of Guangdong Universities(2022KTSCX058)Special Projects in Key Field of Guangdong Universities(2022ZDZX4015,2022ZDZX4016)Guangdong Maoming Binhai New Area Marine Fishery Industrial Park Project(0835-220FA8102621)Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Lingnan Specialty Food Science and Technology(2021B1212040013)。
文摘Sodium chloride is one of the most widely used additives in meat curing.However,cured meat products contribute to a portion of the total sodium dietary intake.Consumers and researchers'concern about excessive sodium intake has prompted the food industry to consider ways to reduce salt content of cured meat products.The aim of this review is to provide a broad but comprehensive understanding of salt reduction strategies for cured meat products.The implications and limitations of each approach were discussed.Green technologies treatments,such as ultrasonic technology,high-pressure processing,seem to be potential to ensure microbiological safety in low-sodium cured meat products.However,these novel technologies can cause protein and fat oxidization in meat products.A combination of multiple treatments could give the desired effect.In addition,different parameter conditions need to be set according to the specific meat to achieve better salt reduction effect.
基金Funded by the Guangxi Key Research and Development Program(No.GK AB19259008)the Director's Fund of Key Laboratory of Non-ferrous Metals and Materials Processing New Technology of Ministry of Education(No.22AA-6)。
文摘To address the negative impact of an internal curing agent on strength while preserving its ability to resist autogenous shrinkage,we investigated the incorporation of triethanolamine and triisopropanolamine as early-strength components.These additives were combined with an internal curing agent to prepare a compound early-strength internal curing agent so as to investigate how compound early-strength internal curing agents affect the mechanical characteristics and volume stability of mortar.This was assessed using a battery of tests,including strength,autogenous shrinkage,internal relative humidity,mercury intrusion porosimetry,X-ray powder diffraction,and scanning electron microscopy.These results indicate that the compound early-strength internal curing agent effectively maintains the volume stability of the mortar without compromising its early mechanical properties.The compressive strength ratios of the mortar mixed with the compound early-strength internal curing agent were 109.45% at 3 days and 119% at 7 days,indicating significant improvement compared with the internal curing agent.Furthermore,the 7-day autogenous shrinkage rate of the mortar was-56.78μm/m.The proportion of hazardous-grade pores larger than 100 nm was reduced to 3.54%,and the pore distribution was uniform.This study introduces innovative ideas and methods for mitigating the adverse effects of internal curing agents on the early strength of mortar.
文摘BACKGROUND Enterocutaneous(EC)fistula incidence has been increasing in China,along with increases in the volume and complexity of surgeries.The conservative treatment strategy has been analyzed to improve the treatment outcomes for patients with EC fistulas and reduce the need for reoperation.AIM To analyze the clinical data of patients undergoing conservative treatment for EC fistulas and identify the factors that promote self-healing.These findings provide a reference for improving the clinical cure rate of EC fistulas with conservative treatment.METHODS The clinical data of 91 patients with EC fistulas who underwent conservative treatment were collected.The relationships between the cure rate and characteristics such as age,sex,body mass index,albumin level,primary disease,cause of the fistula,location of the fistula,number of fistulas,nature of the fistula,infection status,diagnostic methods,nutritional support methods,somatostatin therapy,growth hormone therapy,and fibrin glue therapy were analyzed.RESULTS A comparison of the basic patient characteristics between the two groups revealed statistically significant differences in primary disease(P=0.044),location of the fistula(P=0.006),number of fistulas(P=0.007),and use of adhesive sealing(χ2=12.194,P<0.001)between the uncured and cured groups.The use of fibrin glue was a significant factor associated with a cure for fistulas(odds ratio=5.459,95%CI:1.958-15.219,P=0.01).CONCLUSION The cure rate of patients with a single EC fistula can be effectively improved via conservative treatment combined with the use of biological fibrin glue to seal the fistula.
