High-throughput single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP) arrays have emerged as essential genotyping tools,significantly accelerating breeding programs and advancing basic research.In this study,a high-throughput 10K SNP g...High-throughput single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP) arrays have emerged as essential genotyping tools,significantly accelerating breeding programs and advancing basic research.In this study,a high-throughput 10K SNP genotyping array for wax gourd was developed using genotyping by target sequencing(GBTS),featuring 10,722 SNPs evenly distributed across all 12 chromosomes,including 278 functional loci associated with key economic traits.To demonstrate its utility,genetic distances among 19 elite inbred lines were calculated from SNP data and correlated with heterosis for single fruit weight.The results revealed that greater genetic distance was associated with higher middle parent heterosis(MPH) for single fruit weight.Furthermore,56 commercial wax gourd cultivars collected from eight regions were selected and genotyped.Population structure analysis,phylogenetic analysis,and principal component analysis(PCA) collectively indicated that these cultivars fall into two major groups.Group I,comprising black or dark green skinned wax gourds,exhibited lower genetic diversity than Group II,which includes green or light green skinned varieties,reflecting shorter genetic distances within Group I.Finally,60 polymorphic SNPs were used to construct DNA fingerprints for distinguishing the 56 cultivars.As the first high-throughput genotyping platform for wax gourd,this SNP array provides an effective and powerful tool for genetic analysis.展开更多
In self-pollinating cereals such as rice,wheat,and barley,growing undefined mixtures of genotypes in genetic equilibrium was once standard practice when local populations(landraces)were used.The shift from landraces t...In self-pollinating cereals such as rice,wheat,and barley,growing undefined mixtures of genotypes in genetic equilibrium was once standard practice when local populations(landraces)were used.The shift from landraces to single-genotype varieties led to immediate gains in yield and quality,and over the past century,single-genotype crops have been highly successful.Nonetheless,several studies suggest that variety mixtures(i.e.,two or more consciously selected genotypes of the same crop grown together)may offer advantages over single-genotype varieties(Borg et al.,2018;Kopp et al.,2023).展开更多
Background Cotton crop is infested by numerous arthropod pests from sowing to harvesting,causing substantial direct and indirect yield losses.Knowledge of seasonal population trends and the relative occurrence of pest...Background Cotton crop is infested by numerous arthropod pests from sowing to harvesting,causing substantial direct and indirect yield losses.Knowledge of seasonal population trends and the relative occurrence of pests and their natural enemies is required to minimize the pest population and yield losses.In the current study,analysis of the seasonal population trend of pests and natural enemies and their relative occurrence on cultivars of three cotton species in Central India has been carried out.Results A higher number and diversity of sucking pests were observed during the vegetative cotton growth stage(60 days after sowing),declining as the crop matured.With the exception of cotton jassid(Amrasca biguttula biguttula Ishida),which caused significant crop damage mainly from August to September;populations of other sucking insects seldom reached economic threshold levels(ETL)throughout the studied period.The bollworm complex populations were minimal,except for the pink bollworm(Pectinophora gossypiella Saunders),which re-emerged as a menace to cotton crops during the cotton cropping season 2017–2018 due to resistance development against Bt-cotton.A reasonably good number of predatory arthropods,including coccinellids,lacewings,and spiders,were found actively preying on the arthropod pest complex of the cotton crop during the early vegetative growth stage.Linear regression indicates a significant relationship between green boll infestations and pink bollworm moths in pheromone traps.Multiple linear regression analyse showed mean weekly weather at one-or two-week lag periods had a significant impact on sucking pest population(cotton aphid,cotton jassid,cotton whitefly,and onion thrips)fluctuation.Gossypium hirsutum cultivars RCH 2 and DCH 32,and G.barbadense cultivar Suvin were found susceptible to cotton jassid and onion thrips.Phule Dhanvantary,an G.arboreum cotton cultivar,demonstrated the highest tolerance among all evaluated cultivars against all sucking pests.Conclusion These findings have important implications for pest management in cotton crops.Susceptible cultivars warrant more attention for plant protection measures,making them more input-intensive.The choice of appropriate cultivars can help minimize input costs,thereby increasing net returns for cotton farmers.展开更多
In most agricultural areas in the semi-arid region of the southern United States, wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production is a primary economic activity. This region is drought-prone and projected to have a drier clim...In most agricultural areas in the semi-arid region of the southern United States, wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production is a primary economic activity. This region is drought-prone and projected to have a drier climate in the future. Predicting the yield loss due to an anticipated drought is crucial for wheat growers. A reliable way for predicting the drought-induced yield loss is to use a plant physiology-based drought index, such as Agricultural Reference Index for Drought (ARID). Since different wheat cultivars exhibit varying levels of sensitivity to water stress, the impact of drought could be different on the cultivars belonging to different drought sensitivity groups. The objective of this study was to develop the cultivar drought sensitivity (CDS) group-specific, ARID-based models for predicting the drought-induced yield loss of winter wheat in the Llano Estacado region in the southern United States by accounting for the phenological phase-specific sensitivity to drought. For the study, the historical (1947-2021) winter wheat grain yield and daily weather data of two locations in the region (Bushland, TX and Clovis, NM) were used. The logical values of the drought sensitivity parameters of the yield models, especially for the moderately-sensitive and highly-sensitive CDS groups, indicated that the yield models reflected the phenomenon of water stress decreasing the winter wheat yields in this region satisfactorily. The reasonable values of the Nash-Sutcliffe Index (0.65 and 0.72), the Willmott Index (0.88 and 0.92), and the percentage error (23 and 22) for the moderately-sensitive and highly-sensitive CDS groups, respectively, indicated that the yield models for these groups performed reasonably well. These models could be useful for predicting the drought-induced yield losses and scheduling irrigation allocation based on the phenological phase-specific drought sensitivity as influenced by cultivar genotype.展开更多
The new late-maturing pear cultivar‘Suyu’was bred through hybrid breeding using‘Mili’as the female parent and‘Dangshansuli’as the male parent.This cultivar has a nearly round fruit shape with a greenish-yellow s...The new late-maturing pear cultivar‘Suyu’was bred through hybrid breeding using‘Mili’as the female parent and‘Dangshansuli’as the male parent.This cultivar has a nearly round fruit shape with a greenish-yellow skin,an average single fruit weight of 394.3 g,and a small core.The flesh is white,fine-textured,crisp,juicy,sweet,and aromatic,with a soluble solid content of 12.8%.The tree has a strong growth vigor,an open canopy,high budding rate,and strong branching ability,making it suitable for spindle or cylindrical cultivation.The main color of the one-year-old branches on the sunny side is brown.The young leaves are yellowish-green,and the mature leaves are ovate with sharp serrations.Each inflorescence has 5 to 7 flowers with pink petals,a pistil that protrudes above the stamens,and purple-red anthers.The fruit development period is about 150 d,and it matures in mid-to-late September in Changli,Hebei.The cultivar is high-yielding,stable,and well-suited for storage.‘Suyu’can be cultivated in pear-growing areas of Hebei Province and regions with similar ecological types.展开更多
[Objectives]To obtain a novel cultivar of Chuanminshen violaceum with robust growth,high yield,and stable genetic traits.[Methods]A systematic selection method was employed to conduct a multi-point testing and regiona...[Objectives]To obtain a novel cultivar of Chuanminshen violaceum with robust growth,high yield,and stable genetic traits.[Methods]A systematic selection method was employed to conduct a multi-point testing and regional production trial utilizing C.violaceum strain CMS1,which was sourced from a semi-wild population in Langzhong,Sichuan Province,as the experimental material.In contrast,C.violaceum CMS2,derived from a cultivated population in Langzhong,Sichuan Province,along with a mixed population of C.violaceum cultispecies from the same region,served as the control material.Through a comparative analysis of phenological periods,agronomic traits,yield,and quality,a novel cultivar,‘Chengming No.1’,was ultimately selected and developed based on its superior comprehensive evaluation.[Results]In the phenological period survey conducted as part of a two-year comparative study,the CMS1 strain exhibited a shorter growth cycle compared to others.Furthermore,the agronomic characteristics of the CMS1 strain were superior to those of both CMS2 and CK.The average yields of CMS1,CMS2,and CK in the 2019 cultivar comparison test and yield trial were 468.88,448.52,and 422.15 kg/667 m 2,respectively.This resulted in an average yield increase of 11.07%for CMS1 compared to CK and 6.25%for CMS2 compared to CK.The average yields of CMS1,CMS2,and CK in the 2020 cultivar comparison test and yield trial were 482.69,467.54,and 436.82 kg/667 m 2,respectively.CMS1 exhibited an average yield increase of 10.50%compared to CK,while CMS2 demonstrated an average yield increase of 7.03%relative to CK.Furthermore,the average yield of CMS1 per 667 m 2 achieved a statistically significant level compared to CK in both years of the study.In multiple-point comparison and yield trials conducted in 2019 and 2020,the CMS1 strain exhibited a total ash content of 15.30%,an acid-insoluble ash content of 1.30%,a moisture content of 10.80%,and water-soluble extract amounting to 11.40%.All of the indicators conformed to the criteria established by the Sichuan Standards for Chinese Medicinal Materials(2010 Edition).[Conclusions]The CMS1 strain successfully passed the field technical appraisal for the novel cultivar of C.violaceum in 2021.This cultivar is characterized by high yield,excellent quality,and stable traits.In 2022,it received validation from the Sichuan Provincial Committee for the Certification of Non-Staple Crop Varieties and was officially named‘Chengming No.1’(CRY 2022002).This cultivar demonstrates significant potential for widespread cultivation.展开更多
FR13A,a submergence-tolerant rice cultivar,survives complete submergence at the seedling stage by suppressing shoot growth,a process mediated by SUB1A-1 gene.Although FR13A possesses SNORKEL1(SK1)and SNORKEL2(SK2)gene...FR13A,a submergence-tolerant rice cultivar,survives complete submergence at the seedling stage by suppressing shoot growth,a process mediated by SUB1A-1 gene.Although FR13A possesses SNORKEL1(SK1)and SNORKEL2(SK2)genes,this study revealed that the internodes of FR13A did not elongate in response to submergence at maturity.展开更多
Tomato is one of the most essential vegetable crops worldwide,with the highest annual production rate of all agricultural staples(Kimura and Sinha,2008).Long-term domestication of tomatoes has led to the selection of ...Tomato is one of the most essential vegetable crops worldwide,with the highest annual production rate of all agricultural staples(Kimura and Sinha,2008).Long-term domestication of tomatoes has led to the selection of favorable agronomic traits that often come at the expense of stress resistance.To identify potential genetic targets for improved stress tolerance,whole-genome sequencing(WGS)has been applied to wild and cultivated accessions.展开更多
‘Xiangchundou 36’is a new high-yield spring soybean cultivar bred by the Crop Research Institute of Hunan Province.This cultivar was bred in 2014 by the pedigree method with‘Xiangchundou V7’as the male parent and...‘Xiangchundou 36’is a new high-yield spring soybean cultivar bred by the Crop Research Institute of Hunan Province.This cultivar was bred in 2014 by the pedigree method with‘Xiangchundou V7’as the male parent and‘Youchun 1204’as the female parent.The cultivar showed high yields and excellent comprehensive traits in all levels of tests carried out from 2019 to 2023.In 2024,it was approved by Hunan Provincial Crop Variety Certification Committee,with the certification number Xiangshendou 20241004.‘Xiangchundou 36’was suitable for planting as a spring soybean cultivar in Hunan Province.展开更多
[Objective] The study aimed to confirm difference of nitrogen uptake and used efficiency with different nitrogen use efficiency for grain output (NUEg) types of indica rice.[Method] 88 and 122 conventional indica rice...[Objective] The study aimed to confirm difference of nitrogen uptake and used efficiency with different nitrogen use efficiency for grain output (NUEg) types of indica rice.[Method] 88 and 122 conventional indica rice cultivars were solution-cultured in 2001 and 2002, respectively. Dry matter weight (including root system, culm and sheath, leaves, panicle), nitrogen content of different organs, yield and its components were measured. The tested rice cultivars were classified into 6 types (i.e. A, B, C, D, E and F, A was the lowest, and F was the highest) based on their NUEg level by the MinSSw method.[Result](1)Difference of NUEg of the cultivars used in this study were very large; (2) No significant difference of N content at heading stage was observed among different NUEg types of indica rice. In the cultivars with higher NUEg, however, N content in leaf, stem-sheath and entire rice plant were lower at mature stage. (3)Cultivars with higher NUEg were characterized with lower N uptake before heading and at mature stage; (4) Cultivars with higher NUEg were characterized with higher N use efficiency in biomass production and harvest index. [Conclusion] The cultivars with higher NUEg showed lower N uptake and N content, while nitrogen use efficiency was higher.展开更多
In the present study, we, for the first time, developed an UPLC-IT-TOF/MS method to compare the chemical constituents of the flower buds of Lonicera japonica Thunb. （Jinyinhua, JYH, in Chinese） and its tetraploid cu...In the present study, we, for the first time, developed an UPLC-IT-TOF/MS method to compare the chemical constituents of the flower buds of Lonicera japonica Thunb. （Jinyinhua, JYH, in Chinese） and its tetraploid cultivar Jiufengyihao （JFYH）. The samples were separated on a C18 ultra-column （100 mm×2.1 ram, 1.8 μm） eluted with a mixture of acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid using a gradient program. Based on the accurate masses, fragmental MS2 ions and fragmentation pathway, we unambiguously affirmed or tentatively identified 30 compounds, including 11 phenolic acids, 10 iridoid glycosides, 8 fiavonoids and 1 saponin, from JYH and JFYH. Among them, all compounds were detected in Lonicerajaponica, but only 21 compounds were detected in JFYH. In addition, the relative contents of the 21 common chemical constituents were also different in JYH and JFYH, suggesting an obvious chemical difference between JYH and JFYH.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to study resistance of major and backup rice cul- tivars against Ustilaginoidea virens. [Method] Experiments and surveys were made on resistance of seventeen backup rice cultivars and some majo...[Objective] The aim was to study resistance of major and backup rice cul- tivars against Ustilaginoidea virens. [Method] Experiments and surveys were made on resistance of seventeen backup rice cultivars and some major cultivars in Anhui Province to identify resistance of different rice cultivars. [Result] Yanjing No.9, 80You 226, Tianxie No.l, A01 Xian, Lvjingnuo No.6 were moderate resistant; A03 Xian and Yangjing 636 were susceptible and the rest ten showed moderate susceptibility. Based on surveys on major rice cultivars, most of Liangyou rice series are suscept- able and novel Liangyou Xiang 4 enjoys resistance to certain extent. [Conclusion] The research provided references for resistance of rice against diseases in Anhui Province.展开更多
[Objective] This study aimed to evaluate the adaptability of 28 green asparagus cultivars under the climatic conditions in Poland and to select cultivars most suitable for growing in Poland. [Method] Based on an overv...[Objective] This study aimed to evaluate the adaptability of 28 green asparagus cultivars under the climatic conditions in Poland and to select cultivars most suitable for growing in Poland. [Method] Based on an overview of asparagus, spears of 28 cultivars from the six year’s harvest in 2008 were evaluated at the Marcelin Experimental Station. During the harvest period, spears were cut daily and trimmed to 22 cm, followed by grading and weigh. In addition, general appearance, anthocyan discolouration, head tightness, colour and smoothness of the spears were also evaluated. [Result] In terms of total yield, ‘Gynlim’ was the best cultivar, followed by ‘Hannibal’, ‘Ravel’, ‘Grolim’ and ‘Ramada’; ‘Gloria’ was the worst cultivar, followed by ‘Tsuki-kho 3’, ‘Purple Passion’, ‘Jacq. Ma 2014’, ‘Sartaguda’, and ‘Jacq. Ma 2004’. ‘Gynlim’, ‘Hannibal’, ‘Ravel’, ‘Ramada’ and ‘Ariane’ were the top five cultivars in early yield, and the worst cultivar concerning early yield was ‘PLA-2132’, followed by ‘Ramos’, ‘Tsuki-kho 3’ and ‘Purple Passion’. ‘Ariane’, ‘Cipress’, ‘Grolim’, ‘Gynlim’ and ‘Hannibal’ were five best culivars considering spear quality, and the four worst cultivars were ‘Jacq. Ma 2004’, ‘Gloria’, ‘Jacq. Ma 2014’ and ‘Tsuki-kho 3’. [Conclusion] Taken both the yield and quality of spears into consideration, the most suitable cultivars of green spears for growing under the climatic conditions in Poland should be ‘Gynlim’, ‘Hannibal’, ‘Ravel’ and ‘Grolim’, while ‘Gloria’, ‘Tsuki-kho 3’, ‘Purple Passion’, ‘Jacq. Ma 2014’ and ‘Sartaguda’ were not suitable for growing in Poland.展开更多
[Objective] The research aimed to provide reference for classification of pomegranate cultivars and studies of genetic relationship among pomegranate cultivars.[Method] The electron microscope scanning was used to com...[Objective] The research aimed to provide reference for classification of pomegranate cultivars and studies of genetic relationship among pomegranate cultivars.[Method] The electron microscope scanning was used to comparatively observe leaf epidermal structures of 4 pomegranate cultivars.[Result] The upper epidermal structures of 4 pomegranate cultivars were similar and showed reticular structure .However, the differences existed in lower epidermis,such as cell shape,cell size and arrangement mode of cell as well as stomatal density,while the structures of leaf vein in lower epidermis of 4 pomegranate cultivars were similar.[Conclusion] The research provided morphological references for studying heterosis of pomegranate to some extent.展开更多
[Objective] The genetic diversity of major mango cultivars in China was analyzed by using SSR markers, and their fingerprints were constructed so as to provide theoretical basis for germplasm innovation and breeding o...[Objective] The genetic diversity of major mango cultivars in China was analyzed by using SSR markers, and their fingerprints were constructed so as to provide theoretical basis for germplasm innovation and breeding of mango. [Method] With 115 pairs of SSR primers, genetic diversity analysis and cluster analysis were performed for 30 mango cultivars, among which the genetic relationships were analyzed. [Result] Total 64 pairs of polymorphic primers were screened out from the 115 pairs of primers, and total 343 bands were amplified from the 30 cultivars with 73.2% of polymorphic bands. On average, 3.9 allelic loci were detected for each pair of primers with genetic diversity index of 0.5, Shannon＇s diversity index of 1.00 and polymorphism information content of 0.49, indicating higher genetic diversity. The cluster analysis showed that the 30 major cultivars could be classified into four categories. The first category included 14 cultivars; the second category included 11 cultivars, most of which were introduced from abroad; the third category included 4 cultivars, Le., Miansan, Parayinda, Baiyu and Hongxiangya： the fourth category included only one cultivar Maqiesu.By using 7 pairs of SSR markers, i.e., M42, M49, M54, M55, M96, M99 and M103, digital fingerprints were constructed for the 30 mango cultivars. [Conclusion] The 30 mango cultivars present more complex genomic genetics and abundant genetic information, and they have higher genetic diversity.展开更多
＇Xianghongli＇ is a mid-ripening pear with red appearance. The seeding was selected from seeds of Red D＇Anjou radiated by γ-Co^60. The cultivar is a tall tree, with a height of 3.31 m at 6 years old. The tree is vi...＇Xianghongli＇ is a mid-ripening pear with red appearance. The seeding was selected from seeds of Red D＇Anjou radiated by γ-Co^60. The cultivar is a tall tree, with a height of 3.31 m at 6 years old. The tree is vigorous with ramose crown and upright tree gesture. Leaves are elliptic, acuminate, with average 5.802 cm length and 3.389 cm width. Flowers are pale pink. The relative position of petals is overlap. The petal shape is oval with more pollen. The average single fruit weight is 216.0 g, with mainly wide-necked pear formed. The ground color of peel is yellow with 80% bright red of cover color. The flesh is white, melting, soft and juicy, sour-sweet, strongly fragrant, little stone cell and small core. The soluble solid content is 12.5%. The soluble sugar content is 10.78%. The titratable acid content is 0.097%. The fruit quality is excellent. The fruit development period is 125-130 d and the ripe stage is at the end of August in Changli area, Hebei province, It is easy to form flower on short branches, and possesses large number of flower buds. The properties of early-bearing and high yielding are better. It is resistant to fruit phellem, pear scab, cold, etc. The shelf life of fruit is over 20 d. The fruit can be stored for 5 months in refrigeration condition. Suitable cultivation area is Qinhuang- dao,Tangshan, Cangzhou in Hebei, Beijing, Taiyuan in Shanxi and similar area. Xi- anghongli has the high-yield potential and can be extended to the most area of Northern China.展开更多
The contents of 16 kinds of free amino acids （FAAs） in 7 Pyropia yezoensis cultivars were determined by pre-column derivatization high performance liquid chromatographyin early, middle and late harvest period.The re...The contents of 16 kinds of free amino acids （FAAs） in 7 Pyropia yezoensis cultivars were determined by pre-column derivatization high performance liquid chromatographyin early, middle and late harvest period.The results showed that the total FAA content ranged from 48.71 to 62.05 mg/g among the 7 test ma- terials. Among the 16 kinds of FAAs, Ala, Arg, Glu and Asp, four kinds of flavor amino acids, showed the highest contents, and their total content ranged from 36.05 to 53.96 mg/g, accounting for 69.11%-86.47% of the total FAA content. The total contents of flavor amino acids and FAAs all reached the peaks in all the test ma- terials, except the control cultivar, at middle harvest period. The essential amino acid content was trended to be increased in all the test materials with the extended harvest period, and it reached the peak at the late harvest period. Sutong showed the highest flavor amino acid content and FAAs content, followed by Y-H002, Suyan and Sulian, while the control cultivar showed the lowest contents.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to research effects of high temperature stress on pepper yield by cultivation of peppers in different genotypes and provide theoretical references for pepper breeding and high-yield cultivation...[Objective] The aim was to research effects of high temperature stress on pepper yield by cultivation of peppers in different genotypes and provide theoretical references for pepper breeding and high-yield cultivation. [Method] Four pepper va- rieties were studied with varied genotypes to explore effects of temperatures on pepper fruiting and yield in the whole growth stage. [Result] The optimal-temperatre term for pepper blooming and fruiting were shorter. For example, the periods from June 16 to July 15 and from August 16 to September 15 would be the best, with temperature ranging from 20.70 ℃ to 30.74 ℃. In the stage from July 16 to August 15, the temperature range of 24.22 ℃-32.17 ℃ would severely affect pepper growth and yield. Pepper No. 1 and pepper No. 1-1＇s yields were just 38.21% and 51.74% of the yields in the stage 1st and 52.01% and 62.35% in the stage 3rd and eady No. 1 and late No. 1 were 48.1% and 72.38%, respectively. Under high tem- perature stress in summer, pepper No. 1, pepper No. 1-1, and late No. 1 showed extremely significant differences with early No. 1 （P〈0.01）. The yield ratios of pep- per No. 1 and pepper No. 1-1 in stage 1st （May 25-July 15） and the later three stages were 42.34：57.66 and 39.50：60.50; the ratio was 47.99：52.21 of early No. 1; the ratio of late No. 1 was 20.25：79.75. [Conclusion] The cultivation approaches should vary upon pepper variety, necessitating the focus on pepper management, fertilization, and irrigation, and locating peak-blooming term in moderate-temperature stage to accelerate pepper growth.展开更多
Jihong is a variation bred by Shijiazhuang Pomology Institute of Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences. The fruit is big,average fruit weight is234 g,the largest is 500 g. The fruit skin is thick red, eas...Jihong is a variation bred by Shijiazhuang Pomology Institute of Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences. The fruit is big,average fruit weight is234 g,the largest is 500 g. The fruit skin is thick red, easy coloring and the coloring index is 95%. The flesh is crisp, juicy,and moderate sweet-sour taste. The soluble solid content is 16.0%,and it has good qualities,high and stable yield. It is mature at the end of October.展开更多
[Objective] The aim of this study was to understand the difference of N fertilizer requirement between hybrid rapeseed and conventional rapeseed. [Method] Two hybrid cultivars, ZY5628 and ZY7819, and the conventional ...[Objective] The aim of this study was to understand the difference of N fertilizer requirement between hybrid rapeseed and conventional rapeseed. [Method] Two hybrid cultivars, ZY5628 and ZY7819, and the conventional cultivar ZS10, were compared through two field experiments. In Experiment 1, seed yield and optimum N application rate were assessed in the field with five N application treatments. In Expedment 2, N was applied uniformly at 180 kg/hm2, and plant biomass and N accumulation were measured at several developmental stages, while N use efficien- cy was calculated for rape at maturity. [Results] The experiment 1 results showed that seed yields of ZY5628 and ZY7819 were both significantly higher than that of ZS10, and compared to ZS10, optimum yield （plateau yield） was higher by 18.7% and 20.2%, while the recommended N application rate was lower by 9.5% and 9.6% for ZY5628 and ZY7819, respectively. The experiment 2 results showed that during vegetative development, all three cultivars exhibited similar accumulations of plant biomass and N, but through flowering and maturity ZY5628 and ZY7819 pro- duced more biomass, acquired more N, and utilized acquired N more efficiently to- wards seed production than ZS10. [Conclusion] With equivalent inputs, the hybrid rapeseed cultivars ZY5628 and ZY7819 tested herein yield more seed with higher N use efficiency than the conventional rapeseed ZS10. This information will be valu- able for growers seeking to improve efficiency while reducing costs of rape production in China.展开更多
基金supported by the Science and Technology Talent Support Project of Hunan Province,China (2022TJ-N15)the Hunan Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Fund,China (2024CX90 and 2024CX65)the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province,China (2021NK1006)。
文摘High-throughput single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP) arrays have emerged as essential genotyping tools,significantly accelerating breeding programs and advancing basic research.In this study,a high-throughput 10K SNP genotyping array for wax gourd was developed using genotyping by target sequencing(GBTS),featuring 10,722 SNPs evenly distributed across all 12 chromosomes,including 278 functional loci associated with key economic traits.To demonstrate its utility,genetic distances among 19 elite inbred lines were calculated from SNP data and correlated with heterosis for single fruit weight.The results revealed that greater genetic distance was associated with higher middle parent heterosis(MPH) for single fruit weight.Furthermore,56 commercial wax gourd cultivars collected from eight regions were selected and genotyped.Population structure analysis,phylogenetic analysis,and principal component analysis(PCA) collectively indicated that these cultivars fall into two major groups.Group I,comprising black or dark green skinned wax gourds,exhibited lower genetic diversity than Group II,which includes green or light green skinned varieties,reflecting shorter genetic distances within Group I.Finally,60 polymorphic SNPs were used to construct DNA fingerprints for distinguishing the 56 cultivars.As the first high-throughput genotyping platform for wax gourd,this SNP array provides an effective and powerful tool for genetic analysis.
基金supported by the FACCE-JPI SusCrop project RECOBAR,funded by MASAF(D.M.no.142548)the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft under the Emmy Noether Programme(project no.442020478).
文摘In self-pollinating cereals such as rice,wheat,and barley,growing undefined mixtures of genotypes in genetic equilibrium was once standard practice when local populations(landraces)were used.The shift from landraces to single-genotype varieties led to immediate gains in yield and quality,and over the past century,single-genotype crops have been highly successful.Nonetheless,several studies suggest that variety mixtures(i.e.,two or more consciously selected genotypes of the same crop grown together)may offer advantages over single-genotype varieties(Borg et al.,2018;Kopp et al.,2023).
基金Funding support for the Crop Pest Surveillance and Advisory Project(CROPSAP)。
文摘Background Cotton crop is infested by numerous arthropod pests from sowing to harvesting,causing substantial direct and indirect yield losses.Knowledge of seasonal population trends and the relative occurrence of pests and their natural enemies is required to minimize the pest population and yield losses.In the current study,analysis of the seasonal population trend of pests and natural enemies and their relative occurrence on cultivars of three cotton species in Central India has been carried out.Results A higher number and diversity of sucking pests were observed during the vegetative cotton growth stage(60 days after sowing),declining as the crop matured.With the exception of cotton jassid(Amrasca biguttula biguttula Ishida),which caused significant crop damage mainly from August to September;populations of other sucking insects seldom reached economic threshold levels(ETL)throughout the studied period.The bollworm complex populations were minimal,except for the pink bollworm(Pectinophora gossypiella Saunders),which re-emerged as a menace to cotton crops during the cotton cropping season 2017–2018 due to resistance development against Bt-cotton.A reasonably good number of predatory arthropods,including coccinellids,lacewings,and spiders,were found actively preying on the arthropod pest complex of the cotton crop during the early vegetative growth stage.Linear regression indicates a significant relationship between green boll infestations and pink bollworm moths in pheromone traps.Multiple linear regression analyse showed mean weekly weather at one-or two-week lag periods had a significant impact on sucking pest population(cotton aphid,cotton jassid,cotton whitefly,and onion thrips)fluctuation.Gossypium hirsutum cultivars RCH 2 and DCH 32,and G.barbadense cultivar Suvin were found susceptible to cotton jassid and onion thrips.Phule Dhanvantary,an G.arboreum cotton cultivar,demonstrated the highest tolerance among all evaluated cultivars against all sucking pests.Conclusion These findings have important implications for pest management in cotton crops.Susceptible cultivars warrant more attention for plant protection measures,making them more input-intensive.The choice of appropriate cultivars can help minimize input costs,thereby increasing net returns for cotton farmers.
文摘In most agricultural areas in the semi-arid region of the southern United States, wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production is a primary economic activity. This region is drought-prone and projected to have a drier climate in the future. Predicting the yield loss due to an anticipated drought is crucial for wheat growers. A reliable way for predicting the drought-induced yield loss is to use a plant physiology-based drought index, such as Agricultural Reference Index for Drought (ARID). Since different wheat cultivars exhibit varying levels of sensitivity to water stress, the impact of drought could be different on the cultivars belonging to different drought sensitivity groups. The objective of this study was to develop the cultivar drought sensitivity (CDS) group-specific, ARID-based models for predicting the drought-induced yield loss of winter wheat in the Llano Estacado region in the southern United States by accounting for the phenological phase-specific sensitivity to drought. For the study, the historical (1947-2021) winter wheat grain yield and daily weather data of two locations in the region (Bushland, TX and Clovis, NM) were used. The logical values of the drought sensitivity parameters of the yield models, especially for the moderately-sensitive and highly-sensitive CDS groups, indicated that the yield models reflected the phenomenon of water stress decreasing the winter wheat yields in this region satisfactorily. The reasonable values of the Nash-Sutcliffe Index (0.65 and 0.72), the Willmott Index (0.88 and 0.92), and the percentage error (23 and 22) for the moderately-sensitive and highly-sensitive CDS groups, respectively, indicated that the yield models for these groups performed reasonably well. These models could be useful for predicting the drought-induced yield losses and scheduling irrigation allocation based on the phenological phase-specific drought sensitivity as influenced by cultivar genotype.
基金Supported by Hebei Provincial Key Research and Development Program(21326308D-1-2)Hebei Provincial High-Level Talent Support Program(C20231157)Basic Research Funds of Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences(2024020202).
文摘The new late-maturing pear cultivar‘Suyu’was bred through hybrid breeding using‘Mili’as the female parent and‘Dangshansuli’as the male parent.This cultivar has a nearly round fruit shape with a greenish-yellow skin,an average single fruit weight of 394.3 g,and a small core.The flesh is white,fine-textured,crisp,juicy,sweet,and aromatic,with a soluble solid content of 12.8%.The tree has a strong growth vigor,an open canopy,high budding rate,and strong branching ability,making it suitable for spindle or cylindrical cultivation.The main color of the one-year-old branches on the sunny side is brown.The young leaves are yellowish-green,and the mature leaves are ovate with sharp serrations.Each inflorescence has 5 to 7 flowers with pink petals,a pistil that protrudes above the stamens,and purple-red anthers.The fruit development period is about 150 d,and it matures in mid-to-late September in Changli,Hebei.The cultivar is high-yielding,stable,and well-suited for storage.‘Suyu’can be cultivated in pear-growing areas of Hebei Province and regions with similar ecological types.
基金Supported by Sichuan Innovation Team Project of China Agricultural Industry Research System(SCCXTD-2023-19)Key R&D Project of Sichuan Provincial Department of Science and Technology(2022YFS0592)Sichuan Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Seedling Project(MZGC20230119,MZGC20230126).
文摘[Objectives]To obtain a novel cultivar of Chuanminshen violaceum with robust growth,high yield,and stable genetic traits.[Methods]A systematic selection method was employed to conduct a multi-point testing and regional production trial utilizing C.violaceum strain CMS1,which was sourced from a semi-wild population in Langzhong,Sichuan Province,as the experimental material.In contrast,C.violaceum CMS2,derived from a cultivated population in Langzhong,Sichuan Province,along with a mixed population of C.violaceum cultispecies from the same region,served as the control material.Through a comparative analysis of phenological periods,agronomic traits,yield,and quality,a novel cultivar,‘Chengming No.1’,was ultimately selected and developed based on its superior comprehensive evaluation.[Results]In the phenological period survey conducted as part of a two-year comparative study,the CMS1 strain exhibited a shorter growth cycle compared to others.Furthermore,the agronomic characteristics of the CMS1 strain were superior to those of both CMS2 and CK.The average yields of CMS1,CMS2,and CK in the 2019 cultivar comparison test and yield trial were 468.88,448.52,and 422.15 kg/667 m 2,respectively.This resulted in an average yield increase of 11.07%for CMS1 compared to CK and 6.25%for CMS2 compared to CK.The average yields of CMS1,CMS2,and CK in the 2020 cultivar comparison test and yield trial were 482.69,467.54,and 436.82 kg/667 m 2,respectively.CMS1 exhibited an average yield increase of 10.50%compared to CK,while CMS2 demonstrated an average yield increase of 7.03%relative to CK.Furthermore,the average yield of CMS1 per 667 m 2 achieved a statistically significant level compared to CK in both years of the study.In multiple-point comparison and yield trials conducted in 2019 and 2020,the CMS1 strain exhibited a total ash content of 15.30%,an acid-insoluble ash content of 1.30%,a moisture content of 10.80%,and water-soluble extract amounting to 11.40%.All of the indicators conformed to the criteria established by the Sichuan Standards for Chinese Medicinal Materials(2010 Edition).[Conclusions]The CMS1 strain successfully passed the field technical appraisal for the novel cultivar of C.violaceum in 2021.This cultivar is characterized by high yield,excellent quality,and stable traits.In 2022,it received validation from the Sichuan Provincial Committee for the Certification of Non-Staple Crop Varieties and was officially named‘Chengming No.1’(CRY 2022002).This cultivar demonstrates significant potential for widespread cultivation.
文摘FR13A,a submergence-tolerant rice cultivar,survives complete submergence at the seedling stage by suppressing shoot growth,a process mediated by SUB1A-1 gene.Although FR13A possesses SNORKEL1(SK1)and SNORKEL2(SK2)genes,this study revealed that the internodes of FR13A did not elongate in response to submergence at maturity.
基金supported by grants from the Shanghai Agriculture Applied Technology Development Program(2021-02-08-00-12-F00792)Projects of International Cooperation and Exchanges NSFC(3201101910).
文摘Tomato is one of the most essential vegetable crops worldwide,with the highest annual production rate of all agricultural staples(Kimura and Sinha,2008).Long-term domestication of tomatoes has led to the selection of favorable agronomic traits that often come at the expense of stress resistance.To identify potential genetic targets for improved stress tolerance,whole-genome sequencing(WGS)has been applied to wild and cultivated accessions.
文摘‘Xiangchundou 36’is a new high-yield spring soybean cultivar bred by the Crop Research Institute of Hunan Province.This cultivar was bred in 2014 by the pedigree method with‘Xiangchundou V7’as the male parent and‘Youchun 1204’as the female parent.The cultivar showed high yields and excellent comprehensive traits in all levels of tests carried out from 2019 to 2023.In 2024,it was approved by Hunan Provincial Crop Variety Certification Committee,with the certification number Xiangshendou 20241004.‘Xiangchundou 36’was suitable for planting as a spring soybean cultivar in Hunan Province.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(30270777,30471013)~~
文摘[Objective] The study aimed to confirm difference of nitrogen uptake and used efficiency with different nitrogen use efficiency for grain output (NUEg) types of indica rice.[Method] 88 and 122 conventional indica rice cultivars were solution-cultured in 2001 and 2002, respectively. Dry matter weight (including root system, culm and sheath, leaves, panicle), nitrogen content of different organs, yield and its components were measured. The tested rice cultivars were classified into 6 types (i.e. A, B, C, D, E and F, A was the lowest, and F was the highest) based on their NUEg level by the MinSSw method.[Result](1)Difference of NUEg of the cultivars used in this study were very large; (2) No significant difference of N content at heading stage was observed among different NUEg types of indica rice. In the cultivars with higher NUEg, however, N content in leaf, stem-sheath and entire rice plant were lower at mature stage. (3)Cultivars with higher NUEg were characterized with lower N uptake before heading and at mature stage; (4) Cultivars with higher NUEg were characterized with higher N use efficiency in biomass production and harvest index. [Conclusion] The cultivars with higher NUEg showed lower N uptake and N content, while nitrogen use efficiency was higher.
文摘In the present study, we, for the first time, developed an UPLC-IT-TOF/MS method to compare the chemical constituents of the flower buds of Lonicera japonica Thunb. （Jinyinhua, JYH, in Chinese） and its tetraploid cultivar Jiufengyihao （JFYH）. The samples were separated on a C18 ultra-column （100 mm×2.1 ram, 1.8 μm） eluted with a mixture of acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid using a gradient program. Based on the accurate masses, fragmental MS2 ions and fragmentation pathway, we unambiguously affirmed or tentatively identified 30 compounds, including 11 phenolic acids, 10 iridoid glycosides, 8 fiavonoids and 1 saponin, from JYH and JFYH. Among them, all compounds were detected in Lonicerajaponica, but only 21 compounds were detected in JFYH. In addition, the relative contents of the 21 common chemical constituents were also different in JYH and JFYH, suggesting an obvious chemical difference between JYH and JFYH.
基金Supported by Demonstration and Extension Project of Technology Controlling Ustilaginoidea virens(11E1110)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim was to study resistance of major and backup rice cul- tivars against Ustilaginoidea virens. [Method] Experiments and surveys were made on resistance of seventeen backup rice cultivars and some major cultivars in Anhui Province to identify resistance of different rice cultivars. [Result] Yanjing No.9, 80You 226, Tianxie No.l, A01 Xian, Lvjingnuo No.6 were moderate resistant; A03 Xian and Yangjing 636 were susceptible and the rest ten showed moderate susceptibility. Based on surveys on major rice cultivars, most of Liangyou rice series are suscept- able and novel Liangyou Xiang 4 enjoys resistance to certain extent. [Conclusion] The research provided references for resistance of rice against diseases in Anhui Province.
基金Supported by the Preferential Scientific Activity Foundation for Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars of Shandong Province(2011-780)~~
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to evaluate the adaptability of 28 green asparagus cultivars under the climatic conditions in Poland and to select cultivars most suitable for growing in Poland. [Method] Based on an overview of asparagus, spears of 28 cultivars from the six year’s harvest in 2008 were evaluated at the Marcelin Experimental Station. During the harvest period, spears were cut daily and trimmed to 22 cm, followed by grading and weigh. In addition, general appearance, anthocyan discolouration, head tightness, colour and smoothness of the spears were also evaluated. [Result] In terms of total yield, ‘Gynlim’ was the best cultivar, followed by ‘Hannibal’, ‘Ravel’, ‘Grolim’ and ‘Ramada’; ‘Gloria’ was the worst cultivar, followed by ‘Tsuki-kho 3’, ‘Purple Passion’, ‘Jacq. Ma 2014’, ‘Sartaguda’, and ‘Jacq. Ma 2004’. ‘Gynlim’, ‘Hannibal’, ‘Ravel’, ‘Ramada’ and ‘Ariane’ were the top five cultivars in early yield, and the worst cultivar concerning early yield was ‘PLA-2132’, followed by ‘Ramos’, ‘Tsuki-kho 3’ and ‘Purple Passion’. ‘Ariane’, ‘Cipress’, ‘Grolim’, ‘Gynlim’ and ‘Hannibal’ were five best culivars considering spear quality, and the four worst cultivars were ‘Jacq. Ma 2004’, ‘Gloria’, ‘Jacq. Ma 2014’ and ‘Tsuki-kho 3’. [Conclusion] Taken both the yield and quality of spears into consideration, the most suitable cultivars of green spears for growing under the climatic conditions in Poland should be ‘Gynlim’, ‘Hannibal’, ‘Ravel’ and ‘Grolim’, while ‘Gloria’, ‘Tsuki-kho 3’, ‘Purple Passion’, ‘Jacq. Ma 2014’ and ‘Sartaguda’ were not suitable for growing in Poland.
文摘[Objective] The research aimed to provide reference for classification of pomegranate cultivars and studies of genetic relationship among pomegranate cultivars.[Method] The electron microscope scanning was used to comparatively observe leaf epidermal structures of 4 pomegranate cultivars.[Result] The upper epidermal structures of 4 pomegranate cultivars were similar and showed reticular structure .However, the differences existed in lower epidermis,such as cell shape,cell size and arrangement mode of cell as well as stomatal density,while the structures of leaf vein in lower epidermis of 4 pomegranate cultivars were similar.[Conclusion] The research provided morphological references for studying heterosis of pomegranate to some extent.
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation of Hainan Province(34128)Fundamental Scientific Research Funds of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences(1630032013031)~~
文摘[Objective] The genetic diversity of major mango cultivars in China was analyzed by using SSR markers, and their fingerprints were constructed so as to provide theoretical basis for germplasm innovation and breeding of mango. [Method] With 115 pairs of SSR primers, genetic diversity analysis and cluster analysis were performed for 30 mango cultivars, among which the genetic relationships were analyzed. [Result] Total 64 pairs of polymorphic primers were screened out from the 115 pairs of primers, and total 343 bands were amplified from the 30 cultivars with 73.2% of polymorphic bands. On average, 3.9 allelic loci were detected for each pair of primers with genetic diversity index of 0.5, Shannon＇s diversity index of 1.00 and polymorphism information content of 0.49, indicating higher genetic diversity. The cluster analysis showed that the 30 major cultivars could be classified into four categories. The first category included 14 cultivars; the second category included 11 cultivars, most of which were introduced from abroad; the third category included 4 cultivars, Le., Miansan, Parayinda, Baiyu and Hongxiangya： the fourth category included only one cultivar Maqiesu.By using 7 pairs of SSR markers, i.e., M42, M49, M54, M55, M96, M99 and M103, digital fingerprints were constructed for the 30 mango cultivars. [Conclusion] The 30 mango cultivars present more complex genomic genetics and abundant genetic information, and they have higher genetic diversity.
基金Supported by Changli Comprehensive Station of National Pear Industry Technology System(CARS-29-23)Innovation of Scab-resistant,Strongly-fragrant and Storageresistant Pear Germplasm(16226312D-3)~~
文摘＇Xianghongli＇ is a mid-ripening pear with red appearance. The seeding was selected from seeds of Red D＇Anjou radiated by γ-Co^60. The cultivar is a tall tree, with a height of 3.31 m at 6 years old. The tree is vigorous with ramose crown and upright tree gesture. Leaves are elliptic, acuminate, with average 5.802 cm length and 3.389 cm width. Flowers are pale pink. The relative position of petals is overlap. The petal shape is oval with more pollen. The average single fruit weight is 216.0 g, with mainly wide-necked pear formed. The ground color of peel is yellow with 80% bright red of cover color. The flesh is white, melting, soft and juicy, sour-sweet, strongly fragrant, little stone cell and small core. The soluble solid content is 12.5%. The soluble sugar content is 10.78%. The titratable acid content is 0.097%. The fruit quality is excellent. The fruit development period is 125-130 d and the ripe stage is at the end of August in Changli area, Hebei province, It is easy to form flower on short branches, and possesses large number of flower buds. The properties of early-bearing and high yielding are better. It is resistant to fruit phellem, pear scab, cold, etc. The shelf life of fruit is over 20 d. The fruit can be stored for 5 months in refrigeration condition. Suitable cultivation area is Qinhuang- dao,Tangshan, Cangzhou in Hebei, Beijing, Taiyuan in Shanxi and similar area. Xi- anghongli has the high-yield potential and can be extended to the most area of Northern China.
基金Supported by National High-tech R&D Program of China(2012AA10A406-5)National Natural Science Foundation of China(31272664)+2 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20140439)Jiangsu Province Science and Technology Support Program,China(BE2012420)Independent Innovation Foundation of Agricultural Science and Technology of Jiangsu Province(CX(14)2081)~~
文摘The contents of 16 kinds of free amino acids （FAAs） in 7 Pyropia yezoensis cultivars were determined by pre-column derivatization high performance liquid chromatographyin early, middle and late harvest period.The results showed that the total FAA content ranged from 48.71 to 62.05 mg/g among the 7 test ma- terials. Among the 16 kinds of FAAs, Ala, Arg, Glu and Asp, four kinds of flavor amino acids, showed the highest contents, and their total content ranged from 36.05 to 53.96 mg/g, accounting for 69.11%-86.47% of the total FAA content. The total contents of flavor amino acids and FAAs all reached the peaks in all the test ma- terials, except the control cultivar, at middle harvest period. The essential amino acid content was trended to be increased in all the test materials with the extended harvest period, and it reached the peak at the late harvest period. Sutong showed the highest flavor amino acid content and FAAs content, followed by Y-H002, Suyan and Sulian, while the control cultivar showed the lowest contents.
基金Supported by Jiangsu Agricultural Science and Technology Self-raising Fund(00-05-10-30)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim was to research effects of high temperature stress on pepper yield by cultivation of peppers in different genotypes and provide theoretical references for pepper breeding and high-yield cultivation. [Method] Four pepper va- rieties were studied with varied genotypes to explore effects of temperatures on pepper fruiting and yield in the whole growth stage. [Result] The optimal-temperatre term for pepper blooming and fruiting were shorter. For example, the periods from June 16 to July 15 and from August 16 to September 15 would be the best, with temperature ranging from 20.70 ℃ to 30.74 ℃. In the stage from July 16 to August 15, the temperature range of 24.22 ℃-32.17 ℃ would severely affect pepper growth and yield. Pepper No. 1 and pepper No. 1-1＇s yields were just 38.21% and 51.74% of the yields in the stage 1st and 52.01% and 62.35% in the stage 3rd and eady No. 1 and late No. 1 were 48.1% and 72.38%, respectively. Under high tem- perature stress in summer, pepper No. 1, pepper No. 1-1, and late No. 1 showed extremely significant differences with early No. 1 （P〈0.01）. The yield ratios of pep- per No. 1 and pepper No. 1-1 in stage 1st （May 25-July 15） and the later three stages were 42.34：57.66 and 39.50：60.50; the ratio was 47.99：52.21 of early No. 1; the ratio of late No. 1 was 20.25：79.75. [Conclusion] The cultivation approaches should vary upon pepper variety, necessitating the focus on pepper management, fertilization, and irrigation, and locating peak-blooming term in moderate-temperature stage to accelerate pepper growth.
基金Supported by Hebei Science and Technology Plan Project(13226803D,13226817D)~~
文摘Jihong is a variation bred by Shijiazhuang Pomology Institute of Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences. The fruit is big,average fruit weight is234 g,the largest is 500 g. The fruit skin is thick red, easy coloring and the coloring index is 95%. The flesh is crisp, juicy,and moderate sweet-sour taste. The soluble solid content is 16.0%,and it has good qualities,high and stable yield. It is mature at the end of October.
基金Supported by the Central Public Interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund(1610172009003)the National Scientific Support Program of China(2010BAD01B05)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim of this study was to understand the difference of N fertilizer requirement between hybrid rapeseed and conventional rapeseed. [Method] Two hybrid cultivars, ZY5628 and ZY7819, and the conventional cultivar ZS10, were compared through two field experiments. In Experiment 1, seed yield and optimum N application rate were assessed in the field with five N application treatments. In Expedment 2, N was applied uniformly at 180 kg/hm2, and plant biomass and N accumulation were measured at several developmental stages, while N use efficien- cy was calculated for rape at maturity. [Results] The experiment 1 results showed that seed yields of ZY5628 and ZY7819 were both significantly higher than that of ZS10, and compared to ZS10, optimum yield （plateau yield） was higher by 18.7% and 20.2%, while the recommended N application rate was lower by 9.5% and 9.6% for ZY5628 and ZY7819, respectively. The experiment 2 results showed that during vegetative development, all three cultivars exhibited similar accumulations of plant biomass and N, but through flowering and maturity ZY5628 and ZY7819 pro- duced more biomass, acquired more N, and utilized acquired N more efficiently to- wards seed production than ZS10. [Conclusion] With equivalent inputs, the hybrid rapeseed cultivars ZY5628 and ZY7819 tested herein yield more seed with higher N use efficiency than the conventional rapeseed ZS10. This information will be valu- able for growers seeking to improve efficiency while reducing costs of rape production in China.
