The NIST Cybersecurity Framework (NIST CSF) serves as a voluntary guideline aimed at helping organizations, tiny and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), and critical infrastructure operators, effectively manage cyber ris...The NIST Cybersecurity Framework (NIST CSF) serves as a voluntary guideline aimed at helping organizations, tiny and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), and critical infrastructure operators, effectively manage cyber risks. Although comprehensive, the complexity of the NIST CSF can be overwhelming, especially for those lacking extensive cybersecurity resources. Current implementation tools often cater to larger companies, neglecting the specific needs of SMEs, which can be vulnerable to cyber threats. To address this gap, our research proposes a user-friendly, open-source web platform designed to simplify the implementation of the NIST CSF. This platform enables organizations to assess their risk exposure and continuously monitor their cybersecurity maturity through tailored recommendations based on their unique profiles. Our methodology includes a literature review of existing tools and standards, followed by a description of the platform’s design and architecture. Initial tests with SMEs in Burkina Faso reveal a concerning cybersecurity maturity level, indicating the urgent need for improved strategies based on our findings. By offering an intuitive interface and cross-platform accessibility, this solution aims to empower organizations to enhance their cybersecurity resilience in an evolving threat landscape. The article concludes with discussions on the practical implications and future enhancements of the tool.展开更多
目的通过系统评价和Meta分析方法,比较聚乙二醇化重组人粒细胞集落刺激因子(pegylated recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor,PEG-rhG-CSF)与重组人粒细胞集落刺激因子(recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimu...目的通过系统评价和Meta分析方法,比较聚乙二醇化重组人粒细胞集落刺激因子(pegylated recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor,PEG-rhG-CSF)与重组人粒细胞集落刺激因子(recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor,rhG-CSF)在预防恶性肿瘤化疗相关中性粒细胞减少症中的疗效与安全性差异,为临床合理用药提供循证医学依据。方法本研究采用系统性文献检索策略,全面检索Embase、Web of Science、PubMed、the Cochrane Library、中国知网、万方和维普数据库,收集从建库至2024年8月17日发表的关于PEG-rhG-CSF与rhG-CSF预防恶性肿瘤化疗相关中性粒细胞减少症的随机对照试验。由2名研究者独立进行文献筛选、数据提取及方法学质量评价,采用Cochrane偏倚风险评估工具对纳入研究进行质量评估。使用RevMan 5.4软件进行Meta分析,二分类变量采用风险比及其95%CI表示效应量,连续性变量采用均数差(MD)及其95%CI表示。研究间异质性采用I²统计量进行评估,I²>50%时采用随机效应模型,否则采用固定效应模型。结果共纳入28项随机对照临床试验,涉及2879例恶性肿瘤患者。根据Meta分析结果表明,PEG-rhG-CSF组在减少Ⅲ/Ⅳ度中性粒细胞减少持续时间方面优于rhG-CSF组(P<0.05)。不良反应事件发生率与rhG-CSF组差异没有统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论与rhG-CSF相比,PEG-rhG-CSF可显著缩短恶性肿瘤患者化疗后重度(Ⅲ/Ⅳ度)中性粒细胞减少的持续时间。基于现有循证医学证据,建议在恶性肿瘤化疗患者中优先选用PEG-rhG-CSF进行中性粒细胞减少症的预防,以降低感染风险,保障化疗周期顺利进行并改善患者预后。展开更多
【目的】克隆黄鳝csf1r基因,并对其时空表达特性进行分析,为探明csf1r基因在黄鳝不同体色形成中的作用奠定基础。【方法】采用RACEs(Rapid-amplification of cDNA ends)技术从黄鳝皮肤cDNAs中克隆得到csf1r基因的全长cDNA序列,对其编码...【目的】克隆黄鳝csf1r基因,并对其时空表达特性进行分析,为探明csf1r基因在黄鳝不同体色形成中的作用奠定基础。【方法】采用RACEs(Rapid-amplification of cDNA ends)技术从黄鳝皮肤cDNAs中克隆得到csf1r基因的全长cDNA序列,对其编码蛋白进行生物信息学分析。采用实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)方法检测csf1r基因在黄鳝不同组织、不同发育时期胚胎或个体及3种体色黄鳝(黄黑斑鳝、碎花斑鳝和隐花斑鳝)皮肤和肾脏中的相对表达量,分析该基因的表达特征。测定3种体色黄鳝肝脏中的碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)。【结果】黄鳝csf1r cDNA序列全长为4430 bp(GenBank收录号:OP589303),其编码区长度为2937 bp,编码978个氨基酸,存在免疫球蛋白结构域和蛋白激酶催化结构域2个保守结构域。荧光定量PCR结果表明,csf1r基因在黄鳝脑、精巢、卵巢、肠、心脏、肾脏、肝脏、肌肉、皮肤和脾脏等组织中均有表达,在脾脏和心脏中表达量较高,其次是肾脏、皮肤和肌肉,卵巢中表达量最低;csf1r在胚胎眼晶体形成期开始大量表达,显微观察发现该时期胚胎的躯干上开始有色素颗粒出现。在3种体色黄鳝皮肤和肾脏中,csf1r基因在黄黑斑鳝的皮肤中表达量最低,而在其肾脏中表达量最高。3种体色黄鳝肝脏氧化应激指标测定结果发现,黄黑斑鳝肝脏中的碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和总抗氧化能力比其他2种体色黄鳝高,但是差异未达显著水平。【结论】csf1r基因可能不仅参与了黄鳝体色的形成,还与黄鳝非特异性免疫相关。展开更多
文摘The NIST Cybersecurity Framework (NIST CSF) serves as a voluntary guideline aimed at helping organizations, tiny and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), and critical infrastructure operators, effectively manage cyber risks. Although comprehensive, the complexity of the NIST CSF can be overwhelming, especially for those lacking extensive cybersecurity resources. Current implementation tools often cater to larger companies, neglecting the specific needs of SMEs, which can be vulnerable to cyber threats. To address this gap, our research proposes a user-friendly, open-source web platform designed to simplify the implementation of the NIST CSF. This platform enables organizations to assess their risk exposure and continuously monitor their cybersecurity maturity through tailored recommendations based on their unique profiles. Our methodology includes a literature review of existing tools and standards, followed by a description of the platform’s design and architecture. Initial tests with SMEs in Burkina Faso reveal a concerning cybersecurity maturity level, indicating the urgent need for improved strategies based on our findings. By offering an intuitive interface and cross-platform accessibility, this solution aims to empower organizations to enhance their cybersecurity resilience in an evolving threat landscape. The article concludes with discussions on the practical implications and future enhancements of the tool.
文摘目的通过系统评价和Meta分析方法,比较聚乙二醇化重组人粒细胞集落刺激因子(pegylated recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor,PEG-rhG-CSF)与重组人粒细胞集落刺激因子(recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor,rhG-CSF)在预防恶性肿瘤化疗相关中性粒细胞减少症中的疗效与安全性差异,为临床合理用药提供循证医学依据。方法本研究采用系统性文献检索策略,全面检索Embase、Web of Science、PubMed、the Cochrane Library、中国知网、万方和维普数据库,收集从建库至2024年8月17日发表的关于PEG-rhG-CSF与rhG-CSF预防恶性肿瘤化疗相关中性粒细胞减少症的随机对照试验。由2名研究者独立进行文献筛选、数据提取及方法学质量评价,采用Cochrane偏倚风险评估工具对纳入研究进行质量评估。使用RevMan 5.4软件进行Meta分析,二分类变量采用风险比及其95%CI表示效应量,连续性变量采用均数差(MD)及其95%CI表示。研究间异质性采用I²统计量进行评估,I²>50%时采用随机效应模型,否则采用固定效应模型。结果共纳入28项随机对照临床试验,涉及2879例恶性肿瘤患者。根据Meta分析结果表明,PEG-rhG-CSF组在减少Ⅲ/Ⅳ度中性粒细胞减少持续时间方面优于rhG-CSF组(P<0.05)。不良反应事件发生率与rhG-CSF组差异没有统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论与rhG-CSF相比,PEG-rhG-CSF可显著缩短恶性肿瘤患者化疗后重度(Ⅲ/Ⅳ度)中性粒细胞减少的持续时间。基于现有循证医学证据,建议在恶性肿瘤化疗患者中优先选用PEG-rhG-CSF进行中性粒细胞减少症的预防,以降低感染风险,保障化疗周期顺利进行并改善患者预后。
