Overactivation of inflammatory signaling in keratinocytes is critical for psoriatic skin inflammation,but its regulatory mechanisms remain incompletely understood.Here,we demonstrate that the cytokine CSBF inhibits bo...Overactivation of inflammatory signaling in keratinocytes is critical for psoriatic skin inflammation,but its regulatory mechanisms remain incompletely understood.Here,we demonstrate that the cytokine CSBF inhibits both individual and synergistic proinflammatory signaling induced by IL-17A and TNF-α(IL-17A/TNF-α)in keratinocytes,playing a protective role in psoriatic inflammation.The expression of CSBF was increased in the skin lesions and serum of psoriatic patients,and IL-17A/TNF-αenhanced its production.Csbf deletion exacerbated IMQ-induced psoriasis-like skin inflammation and led to hyperactivation of IL-17A/TNF-αsignaling in keratinocytes.The CSBF protein significantly ameliorated psoriatic manifestations and suppressed IL-17A/TNF-αsignaling through the receptor SUSD2.Mechanistically,CSBF-SUSD2 competed with TRAF6 and TNFR1 for interaction with ACT1,inhibiting the IL-17A/TNF-αsignaling pathway.Overall,the anti-inflammatory cytokine CSBF has the potential to be a therapeutic option for psoriasis by targeting keratinocytes.展开更多
Advance development of wireless technologies and micro-sensor systems have enabled Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) to emerge as a leading solution in many crucial sensor-based applications. WSN deploys numerous resource...Advance development of wireless technologies and micro-sensor systems have enabled Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) to emerge as a leading solution in many crucial sensor-based applications. WSN deploys numerous resource-constrained sensor nodes which have limited power supply, memory and computation capability in a harsh environment. Inefficient routing strategy results in degraded network performance in terms of reliability, latency and energy efficiency. In this paper, a cross-layer design, Contention-based MAC and Routing protocol is proposed, termed Contention/SNIR-Based Forwarding (CSBF) protocol. CSBF utilizes the geographical information of sensor nodes to effectively guide the routing direction towards destination node, thereby enhancing reliability. Furthermore, Signal-to-Noise-plus-Interference Ratio (SNIR) metric is used as a routing parameter to guarantee high quality link for data transmission. A Contention-Winner Relay scheme is utilized to reduce the delays caused by the contention procedure. Energy efficiency is also improved by introducing sleep mode technique in CSBF. The simulation work is carried out via OMNeT++ network simulator. The performance of CSBF is compared with other existing routing protocols such as AODV and DSDV in terms of packet delivery ratio (PDR), average end-to-end (ETE) delay and energy consumption per packet. Simulation results highlight that CSBF outperforms AODV and DSDV protocols in respect of PDR and energy efficiency. CSBF also has the most consistent overall network performance.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation(No.7232095)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82171750,82150104,82203938,82030095,and 82071850).
文摘Overactivation of inflammatory signaling in keratinocytes is critical for psoriatic skin inflammation,but its regulatory mechanisms remain incompletely understood.Here,we demonstrate that the cytokine CSBF inhibits both individual and synergistic proinflammatory signaling induced by IL-17A and TNF-α(IL-17A/TNF-α)in keratinocytes,playing a protective role in psoriatic inflammation.The expression of CSBF was increased in the skin lesions and serum of psoriatic patients,and IL-17A/TNF-αenhanced its production.Csbf deletion exacerbated IMQ-induced psoriasis-like skin inflammation and led to hyperactivation of IL-17A/TNF-αsignaling in keratinocytes.The CSBF protein significantly ameliorated psoriatic manifestations and suppressed IL-17A/TNF-αsignaling through the receptor SUSD2.Mechanistically,CSBF-SUSD2 competed with TRAF6 and TNFR1 for interaction with ACT1,inhibiting the IL-17A/TNF-αsignaling pathway.Overall,the anti-inflammatory cytokine CSBF has the potential to be a therapeutic option for psoriasis by targeting keratinocytes.
文摘Advance development of wireless technologies and micro-sensor systems have enabled Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) to emerge as a leading solution in many crucial sensor-based applications. WSN deploys numerous resource-constrained sensor nodes which have limited power supply, memory and computation capability in a harsh environment. Inefficient routing strategy results in degraded network performance in terms of reliability, latency and energy efficiency. In this paper, a cross-layer design, Contention-based MAC and Routing protocol is proposed, termed Contention/SNIR-Based Forwarding (CSBF) protocol. CSBF utilizes the geographical information of sensor nodes to effectively guide the routing direction towards destination node, thereby enhancing reliability. Furthermore, Signal-to-Noise-plus-Interference Ratio (SNIR) metric is used as a routing parameter to guarantee high quality link for data transmission. A Contention-Winner Relay scheme is utilized to reduce the delays caused by the contention procedure. Energy efficiency is also improved by introducing sleep mode technique in CSBF. The simulation work is carried out via OMNeT++ network simulator. The performance of CSBF is compared with other existing routing protocols such as AODV and DSDV in terms of packet delivery ratio (PDR), average end-to-end (ETE) delay and energy consumption per packet. Simulation results highlight that CSBF outperforms AODV and DSDV protocols in respect of PDR and energy efficiency. CSBF also has the most consistent overall network performance.
