To fully utilize the resources provided by optical fiber networks,a cross-band quantum light source generating photon pairs,where one photon in a pair is at C band and the other is at O band,is proposed in this work.T...To fully utilize the resources provided by optical fiber networks,a cross-band quantum light source generating photon pairs,where one photon in a pair is at C band and the other is at O band,is proposed in this work.This source is based on spontaneous four-wave mixing(SFWM)in a piece of shallow-ridge silicon waveguide.Theoretical analysis shows that the waveguide dispersion could be tailored by adjusting the ridge width,enabling broadband photon pair generation by SFWM across C band and O band.The spontaneous Raman scattering(SpRS)in silicon waveguides is also investigated experimentally.It shows that there are two regions in the spectrum of generated photons from SpRS,which could be used to achieve cross-band photon pair generation.A chip of shallow-ridge silicon waveguide samples with different ridge widths has been fabricated,through which cross-band photon pair generation is demonstrated experimentally.The experimental results show that the source can be achieved using dispersion-optimized shallow-ridge silicon waveguides.This cross-band quantum light source provides a way to develop new fiber-based quantum communication functions utilizing both C band and O band and extends applications of quantum networks.展开更多
Gold Cross,a Thai company specializing in herbal oils,has long combined Thailand’s traditional medicine with modern technology to deliver highquality health products.Invited by the China-ASEAN Expo(CAEXPO),the head o...Gold Cross,a Thai company specializing in herbal oils,has long combined Thailand’s traditional medicine with modern technology to deliver highquality health products.Invited by the China-ASEAN Expo(CAEXPO),the head of Gold Cross arrived at the exhibition hall with a mix of anticipation and slight anxiety and the company’s signature product in tow—Gold Cross yellow oil.Made with a unique Golden Cross traditional formula and infused with natural herbal extracts,the oil relieves muscle aches,insect bites,and dizziness.In Thailand,it is a household name and widely regarded as an all-purpose herbal remedy.At the expo booth,a Chinese buyer was pleasantly surprised after trying it.展开更多
Here,we report the spin-orbit state-resolved differential cross sections(DCSs)for the prototype barrierless reaction S(^(1)D)+HD.Both product channels,namely H+SD(^(2)Π_(3/2,1/2))and D+SH(^(2)Π_(3/2,1/2)),were measu...Here,we report the spin-orbit state-resolved differential cross sections(DCSs)for the prototype barrierless reaction S(^(1)D)+HD.Both product channels,namely H+SD(^(2)Π_(3/2,1/2))and D+SH(^(2)Π_(3/2,1/2)),were measured by high-resolution crossed molecular beam experiments.The DCSs of the two product channels show an overall forward-backward symmetry,in accordance with statistical model predictions.However,the DCSs for different spin-orbit manifolds show different preferences in forward or backward scattering directions at the same collision energies.This study reveals that,even though the title reaction proceeds via the long-lived complex mechanism,the spin-orbit coupling effects in the product channels play an important role in the reaction process.展开更多
AIM：To compare the effectiveness and safety between modified cross-linking（MC）and standard cross-linking（SC）in mild or moderate progressive keratoconus.METHODS：Eligible studies were retrieved from four electroni...AIM：To compare the effectiveness and safety between modified cross-linking（MC）and standard cross-linking（SC）in mild or moderate progressive keratoconus.METHODS：Eligible studies were retrieved from four electronic databases,including CENTRAL,Clinical Trials gov,Pup Med and OVID MEDLINE.We set post-surgical maximum K value（Kmax）as the primary outcome.In addition,uncorrected and corrected distant visual acuity（UDVA and UDVA）,spherical equivalent（SE）,endothelial cell density（ECD）,central cornea thickness（CCT）and depth of demarcation line（DDL）were Meta-analyzed as secondary outcomes.Mean differences for these outcomes were pooled through either a random-effect model or fixed-effect model according to data heterogeneity.RESULTS：Twenty-four comparative studies either on accelerated cross-linking（AC）compared with SC or on transepithelial cross-linking（TC）compared with SC were included and pooled for analysis.The results indicated that MC was significantly inferior to SC at delaying Kmax deterioration[AC vs SC 0.49（95%CI：0.04-0.94,I2=75%,P=0.03）;TC vs SC 1.15（95%CI：0.54-1.75,I2=50%,P=0.0002）].SE decreased significantly for SC when compared to AC[0.62（95%CI：0.38-0.86,I2=22%,P〈0.00001）].DDL of SC was more significantly deeper than that of TC[-133.49（95%CI：-145.94 to-121.04,I2=33%,P〈0.00001）].Other outcomes demonstrated comparable results between MC and SC.CONCLUSION：SC is more favorable at halting the progression of keratoconus,but visual acuity improvement showed comparable results between MCs and SC.展开更多
Background:Over the past few decades,a threefold increase in obesity and type 2 diabetes(T2D)has placed a heavy burden on the health-care system and society.Previous studies have shown correlations between obesity,T2D...Background:Over the past few decades,a threefold increase in obesity and type 2 diabetes(T2D)has placed a heavy burden on the health-care system and society.Previous studies have shown correlations between obesity,T2D,and neurodegenera-tive diseases,including dementia.It is imperative to further understand the relation-ship between obesity,T2D,and cognitive deficits.Methods:This investigation tested and evaluated the cognitive impact of obesity and T2D induced by high-fat diet(HFD)and the effect of the host genetic background on the severity of cognitive decline caused by obesity and T2D in collaborative cross(CC)mice.The CC mice are a genetically diverse panel derived from eight inbred strains.Results:Our findings demonstrated significant variations in the recorded phenotypes across different CC lines compared to the reference mouse line,C57BL/6J.CC037 line exhibited a substantial increase in body weight on HFD,whereas line CC005 ex-hibited differing responses based on sex.Glucose tolerance tests revealed significant variations,with some lines like CC005 showing a marked increase in area under the curve(AUC)values on HFD.Organ weights,including brain,spleen,liver,and kidney,varied significantly among the lines and sexes in response to HFD.Behavioral tests using the Morris water maze indicated that cognitive performance was differentially affected by diet and genetic background.Conclusions:Our study establishes a foundation for future quantitative trait loci map-ping using CC lines and identifying genes underlying the comorbidity of Alzheimer's disease(AD),caused by obesity and T2D.The genetic components may offer new tools for early prediction and prevention.展开更多
Convolutional neural network(CNN)with the encoder-decoder structure is popular in medical image segmentation due to its excellent local feature extraction ability but it faces limitations in capturing the global featu...Convolutional neural network(CNN)with the encoder-decoder structure is popular in medical image segmentation due to its excellent local feature extraction ability but it faces limitations in capturing the global feature.The transformer can extract the global information well but adapting it to small medical datasets is challenging and its computational complexity can be heavy.In this work,a serial and parallel network is proposed for the accurate 3D medical image segmentation by combining CNN and transformer and promoting feature interactions across various semantic levels.The core components of the proposed method include the cross window self-attention based transformer(CWST)and multi-scale local enhanced(MLE)modules.The CWST module enhances the global context understanding by partitioning 3D images into non-overlapping windows and calculating sparse global attention between windows.The MLE module selectively fuses features by computing the voxel attention between different branch features,and uses convolution to strengthen the dense local information.The experiments on the prostate,atrium,and pancreas MR/CT image datasets consistently demonstrate the advantage of the proposed method over six popular segmentation models in both qualitative evaluation and quantitative indexes such as dice similarity coefficient,Intersection over Union,95%Hausdorff distance and average symmetric surface distance.展开更多
In this study,to better decide the effect of coal seam dip angle upon the dynamic change of the crossfusion in gas transport and storage areas during the progress of working face in the high gas thick coal seam,a two-...In this study,to better decide the effect of coal seam dip angle upon the dynamic change of the crossfusion in gas transport and storage areas during the progress of working face in the high gas thick coal seam,a two-dimensional physical simulation experiment regarded as the theoretical research was conducted to properly explore the variation law of overburden fracture.The results demonstrated that the boundary of the gas transport zone was located in the region of fracture separation.The boundary of the gas storage area was located in the abrupt penetration zone.Also,according to the information theory,the state of the gas transport and storage areas was determined by the changing trend of the fracture rate and fracture entropy.The mathematical representation model of the dip effect in gas transport and storage areas was established.The criteria upon which the regional location of the gas transport area and gas storage area can be based were put forward.The cross-fusion evolution process of the dip effect in gas transport and storage areas was revealed as well.The research results could provide guidance for realising directional and accurate gas extraction.展开更多
In response to the scarcity of infrared aircraft samples and the tendency of traditional deep learning to overfit,a few-shot infrared aircraft classification method based on cross-correlation networks is proposed.This...In response to the scarcity of infrared aircraft samples and the tendency of traditional deep learning to overfit,a few-shot infrared aircraft classification method based on cross-correlation networks is proposed.This method combines two core modules:a simple parameter-free self-attention and cross-attention.By analyzing the self-correlation and cross-correlation between support images and query images,it achieves effective classification of infrared aircraft under few-shot conditions.The proposed cross-correlation network integrates these two modules and is trained in an end-to-end manner.The simple parameter-free self-attention is responsible for extracting the internal structure of the image while the cross-attention can calculate the cross-correlation between images further extracting and fusing the features between images.Compared with existing few-shot infrared target classification models,this model focuses on the geometric structure and thermal texture information of infrared images by modeling the semantic relevance between the features of the support set and query set,thus better attending to the target objects.Experimental results show that this method outperforms existing infrared aircraft classification methods in various classification tasks,with the highest classification accuracy improvement exceeding 3%.In addition,ablation experiments and comparative experiments also prove the effectiveness of the method.展开更多
Determining the crossing number of a given graph is NP-complete. The cycle of length m is denoted by Cm = v1v2…vmv1. G^((1))_(m) (m ≥ 5) is the graph obtained from Cm by adding two edges v1v3 and vlvl+2 (3 ≤ l ≤ m...Determining the crossing number of a given graph is NP-complete. The cycle of length m is denoted by Cm = v1v2…vmv1. G^((1))_(m) (m ≥ 5) is the graph obtained from Cm by adding two edges v1v3 and vlvl+2 (3 ≤ l ≤ m−2), G^((2))m (m ≥ 4) is the graph obtained from Cm by adding two edges v1v3 and v2v4. The famous Zarankiewicz’s conjecture on the crossing number of the complete bipartite graph Km,n states that cr(Km,n)=Z(m,n)=[m/2][m-1/2][n/2[n-1/2].Based on Zarankiewicz’s conjecture, a natural problem is to study the change in the crossingnumber of the graphs obtained from the complete bipartite graph by adding certain edge sets.If Zarankiewicz’s conjecture is true, this paper proves that cr(G^((1))_(m)+Kn)=Z(m,n)+2[n/2] and cr(G^((2))_(m)+Kn)=Z(m,n)+n.展开更多
The demand for enhanced optical properties in advanced fluorescence technologies has driven research into the structure-property relationship of fluorophores.In this paper,we use naphthalene fluorophores Na DC-Aze and...The demand for enhanced optical properties in advanced fluorescence technologies has driven research into the structure-property relationship of fluorophores.In this paper,we use naphthalene fluorophores Na DC-Aze and PhDO-Aze as a case study to emphasize the pivotal role of cross conjugation in tuning the optical structure-property relationship.Na DC-Aze and PhDO-Aze,formed by hybridizing two distinct conjugated systems in a single naphthalene molecule,exhibit spectral characteristics from both conjugated systems.Experimental data and theoretical calculations demonstrate the coexistence of two electron-delocalization systems in a cross-conjugation manner in both Na DC-Aze and PhDO-Aze.The cross-conjugation fluorophores exhibit high brightness,large Stokes shift,and a broad absorption wavelength range by combining distinct spectral properties from its parent fluorophores.These spectral properties will be advantageous for certain applications(i.e.,panchromatic absorption in organic solar cells,and fluorophores compatible with a wide range of excitation wavelengths).展开更多
Flume experiments play a pivotal role in studying wave propagation,with wave elements typically assumed to remain constant in the perpendicular direction.However,evident cross wave phenomena were observed within flume...Flume experiments play a pivotal role in studying wave propagation,with wave elements typically assumed to remain constant in the perpendicular direction.However,evident cross wave phenomena were observed within flumes under certain conditions.This paper presents new analytical solutions for both primary and cross waves on double shoals in a flume via linear shallow-water equations,which may be used to idealize dynamic experimental configurations of coral reefs.The primary waves on double shoals are described by the associated Legendre functions,whereas the ultimate solutions are derived by considering the incident and reflected waves in front of a bathymetry and the transmitted waves positioned behind it.The effects of the angular frequency and topographic parameters on the primary waves are subsequently analyzed.Cross waves on double shoals constitute a type of topographically trapped wave whose solutions are formulated by combining the first and second types of the associated Legendre functions.The angular frequency is not only determined by the wavenumber but also influenced by the topographic parameters.Numerical experiments are conducted to investigate the generation mechanism of cross waves.The consistency between the numerical results and analytical solutions confirms the validity of the new analytical framework of cross waves on double shoals.展开更多
Magnesium(Mg)alloys are usually subjected to torsion deformation during processing or manufacturing.However,the torsional behavior remains underexplored at the atomic level compared to uniaxial deformation.In this wor...Magnesium(Mg)alloys are usually subjected to torsion deformation during processing or manufacturing.However,the torsional behavior remains underexplored at the atomic level compared to uniaxial deformation.In this work,atomistic simulations are employed to understand the deformation mechanism during torsion around <1010>and<1120>axes of Mg.We reveal that the onset of plasticity occurs near the surface due to stress-gradient effect and the deformation mechanisms are highly dependent on torsion axis.Specifically,the prismatic and basal slip dominate torsion around[1120]axis.During torsion around[1010]axis,{1121}twinning can be activated,whereas{1011}twinning is formed due to local stress but detwinned eventually.Moreover,extensive cross slip and interactions between basal and prismatic dislocations are observed and the associated mechanisms are discussed.These novel atomic-scale insights provide deeper understanding of the plastic deformation mechanisms of Mg under torsional loading.展开更多
Being able to convey the nuances of each culture constitutes the true meaning of cultural exchanges.INTERPRETER,talk show performer,presenter,and art dealer.Li Song,born in the 1980s in Shanghai,wears many hats.Whethe...Being able to convey the nuances of each culture constitutes the true meaning of cultural exchanges.INTERPRETER,talk show performer,presenter,and art dealer.Li Song,born in the 1980s in Shanghai,wears many hats.Whether on the stage,television set,or at a Sino-French activity,most likely,this dynamic man will be there.展开更多
Cross roadway collapses are a common occurrence in underground mining operations.While the influence of mining blasts on the stability of surrounding rock is acknowledged,the underlying mechanisms remain inadequately ...Cross roadway collapses are a common occurrence in underground mining operations.While the influence of mining blasts on the stability of surrounding rock is acknowledged,the underlying mechanisms remain inadequately understood.This study investigates the characteristics and mechanisms of collapse in a shallow buried cross roadway subjected to mining blast disturbances,drawing insights from an engineering project in Anshan City,Northeast China.A strain-softening model based on unified strength theory was developed to effectively calculate and analyze the loosened zone thickness and surrounding rock displacement.The PFC3D-FLAC3D coupling method was employed to clarify the concentrated collapse area within the cross roadway,providing insight into the collapse mechanism through a cross-sectional model of the concentrated region.Results demonstrate that 50%of the cross roadway collapsed following the mining blast.Subsidence at the intersection was approximately one-fifth(0.66 m)of cross roadway’s net height,exceeding subsidence in other areas by 1.3.Under the action of repeated mining blasting,the cross section of the connection roadway forms a semi-elliptical high tensile stress zone.After the cumulative damage of the surrounding rock of the connection roadway exceeds the ultimate yield strength,the cumulative stress release causes the tensile failure of the surrounding rock.The plastic zone of the connecting roadway expands to three times of the initial,and continues to develop.The surrounding rock on both sides experienced tensile stress,cumulative stress release,and the vertical propagation of tensile cracks.展开更多
Faba bean,with its high protein yield and low nitrogen inputs,is a promising crop,but it suffers from low yield stability due to poor heat and drought adaptation.To improve yield performance,faba beans can be produced...Faba bean,with its high protein yield and low nitrogen inputs,is a promising crop,but it suffers from low yield stability due to poor heat and drought adaptation.To improve yield performance,faba beans can be produced as synthetic cultivars,where multiple lines are advanced through open pollination resulting in offsprings,which are a mixture of F_(1)-hybrids and self-pollinated offsprings.This leads to an enhanced performance due to per se performance of the components and heterotic effects of F_(1)-hybrids.While distinct genetic pools have shown high heterotic effects in hybrid breeding programs,they have not been systematically established in faba bean breeding.To promote establishment of heterotic pools,we employed a cost-effective chain-crossing scheme accompanied with only 58 genome-wide KASP-markers and generated diverse genetically distinct pools within one generation.However,artificial crossing methods in faba bean result in low crossing efficiency and seed set.To overcome this,we introduced bumblebee-assisted intercrossing in greenhouse chambers,achieving an increased seed set and further enhancing genetic distance between gene pools.Genotyping was conducted with an Illumina 10K SNP-chip,which enabled the identification of F_(1)×F_(1) double-cross combinations and F2 self-pollinated offsprings from open pollinated offsprings with a custom pipeline.In contrast to standard crossing and recombinant inbred line(RIL)production in faba bean,which results in small families with limited recombination,the chain-crossing scheme and within-pool open pollination allows us to rapidly generate large and diverse base populations for future breeding,genetic studies and with that to increase genetic gain in faba bean.展开更多
Vanadium phosphorus oxide(VPO)catalyst is a promising candidate for the condensation reaction of formaldehyde(FA)and acetic acid(HAc)to produce acrylic acid(AA).However,the complexity of the active phases and their dy...Vanadium phosphorus oxide(VPO)catalyst is a promising candidate for the condensation reaction of formaldehyde(FA)and acetic acid(HAc)to produce acrylic acid(AA).However,the complexity of the active phases and their dynamic interconversion under redox conditions has led to controversies regarding the actual active phase in this reaction.To address this,this study systematically investigates the phase transition and underlying mechanism of VPO catalysts under reaction conditions.X-ray diffraction(XRD)patterns,Raman spectra,transmission electron microscopy images and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy collectively demonstrated that the V^(4+)phase(VO)_(2)P_(2)O_(7)retained the bulk phase structure throughout the reaction,with only minor surface phase transition observed.In contrast,the V^(5+)phase underwent reduction to other phases in both bulk and surface regions.Specifically,theδ-VOPO_(4)phase rapidly transformed into theαII-VOPO_(4)phase,which could reversibly convert into the R1-VOHPO_(4)phase(V^(4+)).Controlled variable experiments,H_(2)-temperature programmed reduction and in-situ XRD experiments in a hydrogen atmosphere further demonstrated that these phase transitions were primarily attributed to the loss of lattice oxygen.The presence of V^(4+)phase in VPO catalysts enhanced the selectivity of acrylic acid,while the existence of V^(5+)phase promoted the activation of acetic acid.This work elucidates the redox-driven phase evolution of VPO catalysts and offers valuable insights for designing efficient catalysts for FA-HAc cross-condensation by balancing phase stability and activity.展开更多
Gold,unlike other transition metals such as Pd,Ni,and Cu,offers unique reactivity profiles and has emerged as an attractive area of research in organic chemistry over the last two decades.Initially,gold catalysts were...Gold,unlike other transition metals such as Pd,Ni,and Cu,offers unique reactivity profiles and has emerged as an attractive area of research in organic chemistry over the last two decades.Initially,gold catalysts were widely used for theπ-activation of unsaturated carbon−carbon bonds,particularly alkynes.Moreover,they exhibit favorable functional-group compatibility,good biocompatibility,and,generally,gold-catalyzed reactions are not sensitive to air or water.展开更多
To overcome the difficulty and high cost of some specific isotopic targets,a substitution method was proposed to measure the cross section of the(γ,n)reactions.Considering that the natural copper element(^(nat)Cu)onl...To overcome the difficulty and high cost of some specific isotopic targets,a substitution method was proposed to measure the cross section of the(γ,n)reactions.Considering that the natural copper element(^(nat)Cu)only has^(63)Cu and^(65)Cu isotopes,the^(65)Cu(γ,n)^(64)Cu reaction was taken as an example to test the substitution method.Using quasi-monoenergeticγbeams provided by the Shanghai Laser Electron Gamma Source(SLEGS)of the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF),^(nat)Cu(γ,n)was measured from E_(γ)=11.09 MeV to 17.87 MeV.Furthermore,based on the^(63)Cu(γ,n)reaction measured using the same experimental setup at SLEGS,^(65)Cu(γ,n)^(64)Cu was extracted using the substitution method.The abundance variation of natural copper,showing a significant influence on the cross section,was also investigated.The results were compared to the existing experimental data measured by bremsstrahlung and positron annihilation in-flight sources,and the TALYS 2.0 predictions.Theγstrength function(γSF)of^(65)Cu was obtained from the^(65)Cu(γ,n)data,and the reaction cross section of^(64)Cu(n,γ)was further calculated.展开更多
基金supported by the Quantum Science and Technology-National Science and Technology Major Project (Grant No.2024ZD0302502 for WZ)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.92365210 for WZ)+1 种基金Tsinghua Initiative Scientific Research Program (for WZ)the project of Tsinghua University-Zhuhai Huafa Industrial Share Company Joint Institute for Architecture Optoelectronic Technologies (JIAOT,for YH)。
文摘To fully utilize the resources provided by optical fiber networks,a cross-band quantum light source generating photon pairs,where one photon in a pair is at C band and the other is at O band,is proposed in this work.This source is based on spontaneous four-wave mixing(SFWM)in a piece of shallow-ridge silicon waveguide.Theoretical analysis shows that the waveguide dispersion could be tailored by adjusting the ridge width,enabling broadband photon pair generation by SFWM across C band and O band.The spontaneous Raman scattering(SpRS)in silicon waveguides is also investigated experimentally.It shows that there are two regions in the spectrum of generated photons from SpRS,which could be used to achieve cross-band photon pair generation.A chip of shallow-ridge silicon waveguide samples with different ridge widths has been fabricated,through which cross-band photon pair generation is demonstrated experimentally.The experimental results show that the source can be achieved using dispersion-optimized shallow-ridge silicon waveguides.This cross-band quantum light source provides a way to develop new fiber-based quantum communication functions utilizing both C band and O band and extends applications of quantum networks.
文摘Gold Cross,a Thai company specializing in herbal oils,has long combined Thailand’s traditional medicine with modern technology to deliver highquality health products.Invited by the China-ASEAN Expo(CAEXPO),the head of Gold Cross arrived at the exhibition hall with a mix of anticipation and slight anxiety and the company’s signature product in tow—Gold Cross yellow oil.Made with a unique Golden Cross traditional formula and infused with natural herbal extracts,the oil relieves muscle aches,insect bites,and dizziness.In Thailand,it is a household name and widely regarded as an all-purpose herbal remedy.At the expo booth,a Chinese buyer was pleasantly surprised after trying it.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.92476207,22288201)the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XBD0970202)+2 种基金the Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology(No.2021ZD0303300)the Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Committee(No.20220814164755002)the Guangdong Innovative&Entrepreneurial Research Team Program(Nos.2019ZT08L455,2019JC01X091).
文摘Here,we report the spin-orbit state-resolved differential cross sections(DCSs)for the prototype barrierless reaction S(^(1)D)+HD.Both product channels,namely H+SD(^(2)Π_(3/2,1/2))and D+SH(^(2)Π_(3/2,1/2)),were measured by high-resolution crossed molecular beam experiments.The DCSs of the two product channels show an overall forward-backward symmetry,in accordance with statistical model predictions.However,the DCSs for different spin-orbit manifolds show different preferences in forward or backward scattering directions at the same collision energies.This study reveals that,even though the title reaction proceeds via the long-lived complex mechanism,the spin-orbit coupling effects in the product channels play an important role in the reaction process.
文摘AIM：To compare the effectiveness and safety between modified cross-linking（MC）and standard cross-linking（SC）in mild or moderate progressive keratoconus.METHODS：Eligible studies were retrieved from four electronic databases,including CENTRAL,Clinical Trials gov,Pup Med and OVID MEDLINE.We set post-surgical maximum K value（Kmax）as the primary outcome.In addition,uncorrected and corrected distant visual acuity（UDVA and UDVA）,spherical equivalent（SE）,endothelial cell density（ECD）,central cornea thickness（CCT）and depth of demarcation line（DDL）were Meta-analyzed as secondary outcomes.Mean differences for these outcomes were pooled through either a random-effect model or fixed-effect model according to data heterogeneity.RESULTS：Twenty-four comparative studies either on accelerated cross-linking（AC）compared with SC or on transepithelial cross-linking（TC）compared with SC were included and pooled for analysis.The results indicated that MC was significantly inferior to SC at delaying Kmax deterioration[AC vs SC 0.49（95%CI：0.04-0.94,I2=75%,P=0.03）;TC vs SC 1.15（95%CI：0.54-1.75,I2=50%,P=0.0002）].SE decreased significantly for SC when compared to AC[0.62（95%CI：0.38-0.86,I2=22%,P〈0.00001）].DDL of SC was more significantly deeper than that of TC[-133.49（95%CI：-145.94 to-121.04,I2=33%,P〈0.00001）].Other outcomes demonstrated comparable results between MC and SC.CONCLUSION：SC is more favorable at halting the progression of keratoconus,but visual acuity improvement showed comparable results between MCs and SC.
文摘Background:Over the past few decades,a threefold increase in obesity and type 2 diabetes(T2D)has placed a heavy burden on the health-care system and society.Previous studies have shown correlations between obesity,T2D,and neurodegenera-tive diseases,including dementia.It is imperative to further understand the relation-ship between obesity,T2D,and cognitive deficits.Methods:This investigation tested and evaluated the cognitive impact of obesity and T2D induced by high-fat diet(HFD)and the effect of the host genetic background on the severity of cognitive decline caused by obesity and T2D in collaborative cross(CC)mice.The CC mice are a genetically diverse panel derived from eight inbred strains.Results:Our findings demonstrated significant variations in the recorded phenotypes across different CC lines compared to the reference mouse line,C57BL/6J.CC037 line exhibited a substantial increase in body weight on HFD,whereas line CC005 ex-hibited differing responses based on sex.Glucose tolerance tests revealed significant variations,with some lines like CC005 showing a marked increase in area under the curve(AUC)values on HFD.Organ weights,including brain,spleen,liver,and kidney,varied significantly among the lines and sexes in response to HFD.Behavioral tests using the Morris water maze indicated that cognitive performance was differentially affected by diet and genetic background.Conclusions:Our study establishes a foundation for future quantitative trait loci map-ping using CC lines and identifying genes underlying the comorbidity of Alzheimer's disease(AD),caused by obesity and T2D.The genetic components may offer new tools for early prediction and prevention.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China,Grant/Award Number:2018YFE0206900China Postdoctoral Science Foundation,Grant/Award Number:2023M731204+2 种基金The Open Project of Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Ultrasound Surgical Equipment of National Medical Products Administration,Grant/Award Number:SMDTKL-2023-1-01The Hubei Province Key Research and Development Project,Grant/Award Number:2023BCB007CAAI-Huawei MindSpore Open Fund。
文摘Convolutional neural network(CNN)with the encoder-decoder structure is popular in medical image segmentation due to its excellent local feature extraction ability but it faces limitations in capturing the global feature.The transformer can extract the global information well but adapting it to small medical datasets is challenging and its computational complexity can be heavy.In this work,a serial and parallel network is proposed for the accurate 3D medical image segmentation by combining CNN and transformer and promoting feature interactions across various semantic levels.The core components of the proposed method include the cross window self-attention based transformer(CWST)and multi-scale local enhanced(MLE)modules.The CWST module enhances the global context understanding by partitioning 3D images into non-overlapping windows and calculating sparse global attention between windows.The MLE module selectively fuses features by computing the voxel attention between different branch features,and uses convolution to strengthen the dense local information.The experiments on the prostate,atrium,and pancreas MR/CT image datasets consistently demonstrate the advantage of the proposed method over six popular segmentation models in both qualitative evaluation and quantitative indexes such as dice similarity coefficient,Intersection over Union,95%Hausdorff distance and average symmetric surface distance.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.5217-4205)Shaanxi Provincial Outstanding Youth Science Fund Project(No.2023-JC-JQ-40)+4 种基金National Key Research and Development Project(No.2023YFC3009004)Key Project of Shaanxi Provincial Department of Education(No.22JY040)Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Key Research and Development Task Special Project(No.2022B01034-3)Key Laboratory of Green Coal Mining in Xinjiang,Ministry of Education(No.KLXGY-KA2404)Shaanxi Provincial Key Research and Development Task General Project(No.2024GX–YBXM-490)。
文摘In this study,to better decide the effect of coal seam dip angle upon the dynamic change of the crossfusion in gas transport and storage areas during the progress of working face in the high gas thick coal seam,a two-dimensional physical simulation experiment regarded as the theoretical research was conducted to properly explore the variation law of overburden fracture.The results demonstrated that the boundary of the gas transport zone was located in the region of fracture separation.The boundary of the gas storage area was located in the abrupt penetration zone.Also,according to the information theory,the state of the gas transport and storage areas was determined by the changing trend of the fracture rate and fracture entropy.The mathematical representation model of the dip effect in gas transport and storage areas was established.The criteria upon which the regional location of the gas transport area and gas storage area can be based were put forward.The cross-fusion evolution process of the dip effect in gas transport and storage areas was revealed as well.The research results could provide guidance for realising directional and accurate gas extraction.
基金Supported by the National Pre-research Program during the 14th Five-Year Plan(514010405)。
文摘In response to the scarcity of infrared aircraft samples and the tendency of traditional deep learning to overfit,a few-shot infrared aircraft classification method based on cross-correlation networks is proposed.This method combines two core modules:a simple parameter-free self-attention and cross-attention.By analyzing the self-correlation and cross-correlation between support images and query images,it achieves effective classification of infrared aircraft under few-shot conditions.The proposed cross-correlation network integrates these two modules and is trained in an end-to-end manner.The simple parameter-free self-attention is responsible for extracting the internal structure of the image while the cross-attention can calculate the cross-correlation between images further extracting and fusing the features between images.Compared with existing few-shot infrared target classification models,this model focuses on the geometric structure and thermal texture information of infrared images by modeling the semantic relevance between the features of the support set and query set,thus better attending to the target objects.Experimental results show that this method outperforms existing infrared aircraft classification methods in various classification tasks,with the highest classification accuracy improvement exceeding 3%.In addition,ablation experiments and comparative experiments also prove the effectiveness of the method.
基金Supported by Changsha Natural Science Foundation(No.kq2208001)the Key Project Funded by Hunan Provincial Department of Education(No.21A0590)。
文摘Determining the crossing number of a given graph is NP-complete. The cycle of length m is denoted by Cm = v1v2…vmv1. G^((1))_(m) (m ≥ 5) is the graph obtained from Cm by adding two edges v1v3 and vlvl+2 (3 ≤ l ≤ m−2), G^((2))m (m ≥ 4) is the graph obtained from Cm by adding two edges v1v3 and v2v4. The famous Zarankiewicz’s conjecture on the crossing number of the complete bipartite graph Km,n states that cr(Km,n)=Z(m,n)=[m/2][m-1/2][n/2[n-1/2].Based on Zarankiewicz’s conjecture, a natural problem is to study the change in the crossingnumber of the graphs obtained from the complete bipartite graph by adding certain edge sets.If Zarankiewicz’s conjecture is true, this paper proves that cr(G^((1))_(m)+Kn)=Z(m,n)+2[n/2] and cr(G^((2))_(m)+Kn)=Z(m,n)+n.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22225806,22078314,21908216,22378385)Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics(Nos.DICPI202142,DICPI202436)+1 种基金Agency for Science,Technology and Research(No.A*STAR,Singapore)under its Advanced Manufacturing and Engineering Program(No.A2083c0051)SUTD Kickstarter Initiative(No.SKI 2021_03_10)。
文摘The demand for enhanced optical properties in advanced fluorescence technologies has driven research into the structure-property relationship of fluorophores.In this paper,we use naphthalene fluorophores Na DC-Aze and PhDO-Aze as a case study to emphasize the pivotal role of cross conjugation in tuning the optical structure-property relationship.Na DC-Aze and PhDO-Aze,formed by hybridizing two distinct conjugated systems in a single naphthalene molecule,exhibit spectral characteristics from both conjugated systems.Experimental data and theoretical calculations demonstrate the coexistence of two electron-delocalization systems in a cross-conjugation manner in both Na DC-Aze and PhDO-Aze.The cross-conjugation fluorophores exhibit high brightness,large Stokes shift,and a broad absorption wavelength range by combining distinct spectral properties from its parent fluorophores.These spectral properties will be advantageous for certain applications(i.e.,panchromatic absorption in organic solar cells,and fluorophores compatible with a wide range of excitation wavelengths).
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 52071128)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Basic Research Program (Grant No. BK20220082)
文摘Flume experiments play a pivotal role in studying wave propagation,with wave elements typically assumed to remain constant in the perpendicular direction.However,evident cross wave phenomena were observed within flumes under certain conditions.This paper presents new analytical solutions for both primary and cross waves on double shoals in a flume via linear shallow-water equations,which may be used to idealize dynamic experimental configurations of coral reefs.The primary waves on double shoals are described by the associated Legendre functions,whereas the ultimate solutions are derived by considering the incident and reflected waves in front of a bathymetry and the transmitted waves positioned behind it.The effects of the angular frequency and topographic parameters on the primary waves are subsequently analyzed.Cross waves on double shoals constitute a type of topographically trapped wave whose solutions are formulated by combining the first and second types of the associated Legendre functions.The angular frequency is not only determined by the wavenumber but also influenced by the topographic parameters.Numerical experiments are conducted to investigate the generation mechanism of cross waves.The consistency between the numerical results and analytical solutions confirms the validity of the new analytical framework of cross waves on double shoals.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China—Excellent Young Scientists Fund(Overseas)Partial support came from the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Jilin University.
文摘Magnesium(Mg)alloys are usually subjected to torsion deformation during processing or manufacturing.However,the torsional behavior remains underexplored at the atomic level compared to uniaxial deformation.In this work,atomistic simulations are employed to understand the deformation mechanism during torsion around <1010>and<1120>axes of Mg.We reveal that the onset of plasticity occurs near the surface due to stress-gradient effect and the deformation mechanisms are highly dependent on torsion axis.Specifically,the prismatic and basal slip dominate torsion around[1120]axis.During torsion around[1010]axis,{1121}twinning can be activated,whereas{1011}twinning is formed due to local stress but detwinned eventually.Moreover,extensive cross slip and interactions between basal and prismatic dislocations are observed and the associated mechanisms are discussed.These novel atomic-scale insights provide deeper understanding of the plastic deformation mechanisms of Mg under torsional loading.
文摘Being able to convey the nuances of each culture constitutes the true meaning of cultural exchanges.INTERPRETER,talk show performer,presenter,and art dealer.Li Song,born in the 1980s in Shanghai,wears many hats.Whether on the stage,television set,or at a Sino-French activity,most likely,this dynamic man will be there.
基金This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51974187)Intelligent Mine Blasting and Innovative Technology Platform Construction(LJ232410146045)Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program(XLYC2203173).
文摘Cross roadway collapses are a common occurrence in underground mining operations.While the influence of mining blasts on the stability of surrounding rock is acknowledged,the underlying mechanisms remain inadequately understood.This study investigates the characteristics and mechanisms of collapse in a shallow buried cross roadway subjected to mining blast disturbances,drawing insights from an engineering project in Anshan City,Northeast China.A strain-softening model based on unified strength theory was developed to effectively calculate and analyze the loosened zone thickness and surrounding rock displacement.The PFC3D-FLAC3D coupling method was employed to clarify the concentrated collapse area within the cross roadway,providing insight into the collapse mechanism through a cross-sectional model of the concentrated region.Results demonstrate that 50%of the cross roadway collapsed following the mining blast.Subsidence at the intersection was approximately one-fifth(0.66 m)of cross roadway’s net height,exceeding subsidence in other areas by 1.3.Under the action of repeated mining blasting,the cross section of the connection roadway forms a semi-elliptical high tensile stress zone.After the cumulative damage of the surrounding rock of the connection roadway exceeds the ultimate yield strength,the cumulative stress release causes the tensile failure of the surrounding rock.The plastic zone of the connecting roadway expands to three times of the initial,and continues to develop.The surrounding rock on both sides experienced tensile stress,cumulative stress release,and the vertical propagation of tensile cracks.
基金funded by grant 469336000 to Rod J.Snowdon from the German Research Society(DFG)for the International Research Training Group 2843“Accelerating crop Genetic Gain”.
文摘Faba bean,with its high protein yield and low nitrogen inputs,is a promising crop,but it suffers from low yield stability due to poor heat and drought adaptation.To improve yield performance,faba beans can be produced as synthetic cultivars,where multiple lines are advanced through open pollination resulting in offsprings,which are a mixture of F_(1)-hybrids and self-pollinated offsprings.This leads to an enhanced performance due to per se performance of the components and heterotic effects of F_(1)-hybrids.While distinct genetic pools have shown high heterotic effects in hybrid breeding programs,they have not been systematically established in faba bean breeding.To promote establishment of heterotic pools,we employed a cost-effective chain-crossing scheme accompanied with only 58 genome-wide KASP-markers and generated diverse genetically distinct pools within one generation.However,artificial crossing methods in faba bean result in low crossing efficiency and seed set.To overcome this,we introduced bumblebee-assisted intercrossing in greenhouse chambers,achieving an increased seed set and further enhancing genetic distance between gene pools.Genotyping was conducted with an Illumina 10K SNP-chip,which enabled the identification of F_(1)×F_(1) double-cross combinations and F2 self-pollinated offsprings from open pollinated offsprings with a custom pipeline.In contrast to standard crossing and recombinant inbred line(RIL)production in faba bean,which results in small families with limited recombination,the chain-crossing scheme and within-pool open pollination allows us to rapidly generate large and diverse base populations for future breeding,genetic studies and with that to increase genetic gain in faba bean.
文摘Vanadium phosphorus oxide(VPO)catalyst is a promising candidate for the condensation reaction of formaldehyde(FA)and acetic acid(HAc)to produce acrylic acid(AA).However,the complexity of the active phases and their dynamic interconversion under redox conditions has led to controversies regarding the actual active phase in this reaction.To address this,this study systematically investigates the phase transition and underlying mechanism of VPO catalysts under reaction conditions.X-ray diffraction(XRD)patterns,Raman spectra,transmission electron microscopy images and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy collectively demonstrated that the V^(4+)phase(VO)_(2)P_(2)O_(7)retained the bulk phase structure throughout the reaction,with only minor surface phase transition observed.In contrast,the V^(5+)phase underwent reduction to other phases in both bulk and surface regions.Specifically,theδ-VOPO_(4)phase rapidly transformed into theαII-VOPO_(4)phase,which could reversibly convert into the R1-VOHPO_(4)phase(V^(4+)).Controlled variable experiments,H_(2)-temperature programmed reduction and in-situ XRD experiments in a hydrogen atmosphere further demonstrated that these phase transitions were primarily attributed to the loss of lattice oxygen.The presence of V^(4+)phase in VPO catalysts enhanced the selectivity of acrylic acid,while the existence of V^(5+)phase promoted the activation of acetic acid.This work elucidates the redox-driven phase evolution of VPO catalysts and offers valuable insights for designing efficient catalysts for FA-HAc cross-condensation by balancing phase stability and activity.
文摘Gold,unlike other transition metals such as Pd,Ni,and Cu,offers unique reactivity profiles and has emerged as an attractive area of research in organic chemistry over the last two decades.Initially,gold catalysts were widely used for theπ-activation of unsaturated carbon−carbon bonds,particularly alkynes.Moreover,they exhibit favorable functional-group compatibility,good biocompatibility,and,generally,gold-catalyzed reactions are not sensitive to air or water.
基金supported by the National key R&D program(Nos.2022YFA1602404 and 2023YFA1606901)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12375123 and 12388102)the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province(No.242300422048).
文摘To overcome the difficulty and high cost of some specific isotopic targets,a substitution method was proposed to measure the cross section of the(γ,n)reactions.Considering that the natural copper element(^(nat)Cu)only has^(63)Cu and^(65)Cu isotopes,the^(65)Cu(γ,n)^(64)Cu reaction was taken as an example to test the substitution method.Using quasi-monoenergeticγbeams provided by the Shanghai Laser Electron Gamma Source(SLEGS)of the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF),^(nat)Cu(γ,n)was measured from E_(γ)=11.09 MeV to 17.87 MeV.Furthermore,based on the^(63)Cu(γ,n)reaction measured using the same experimental setup at SLEGS,^(65)Cu(γ,n)^(64)Cu was extracted using the substitution method.The abundance variation of natural copper,showing a significant influence on the cross section,was also investigated.The results were compared to the existing experimental data measured by bremsstrahlung and positron annihilation in-flight sources,and the TALYS 2.0 predictions.Theγstrength function(γSF)of^(65)Cu was obtained from the^(65)Cu(γ,n)data,and the reaction cross section of^(64)Cu(n,γ)was further calculated.
