In this paper,we consider the maximal positive definite solution of the nonlinear matrix equation.By using the idea of Algorithm 2.1 in ZHANG(2013),a new inversion-free method with a stepsize parameter is proposed to ...In this paper,we consider the maximal positive definite solution of the nonlinear matrix equation.By using the idea of Algorithm 2.1 in ZHANG(2013),a new inversion-free method with a stepsize parameter is proposed to obtain the maximal positive definite solution of nonlinear matrix equation X+A^(*)X|^(-α)A=Q with the case 0<α≤1.Based on this method,a new iterative algorithm is developed,and its convergence proof is given.Finally,two numerical examples are provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.展开更多
This study presents an effective hybrid simulation approach for simulating broadband ground motion in complex near-fault locations.The approach utilizes a deterministic approach based on the spectral element method(SE...This study presents an effective hybrid simulation approach for simulating broadband ground motion in complex near-fault locations.The approach utilizes a deterministic approach based on the spectral element method(SEM),which is used to simulate low-frequency ground motion(f<1 Hz)by incorporating an innovative efficient discontinuous Galerkin(DG)method for grid division to accurately model basin sedimentary layers at reduced costs.It also introduces a comprehensive hybrid source model for high-frequency random scattering and a nonlinear analysis module for basin sedimentary layers.Deterministic outcomes are combined with modified three-dimensional stochastic finite fault method(3D-EXSIM)simulations of high-frequency ground motion(f>1 Hz).A fourth-order Butterworth filter with zero phase shift is employed for time-domain filtering of low-and high-frequency time series at a crossover frequency of 1 Hz,merging the low and high-frequency ground motions into a broadband time series.Taking an Ms 6.8 Luding earthquake,as an example,this hybrid method was used for a rapid and efficient simulation analysis of broadband ground motion in the region.The accuracy and efficiency of this hybrid method were verified through comparisons with actually observed station data and empirical attenuation curves.Deterministic method simulation results revealed the effects of mountainous topography,basin effects,nonlinear effects within the basin’s sedimentary layers,and a coupling interaction between the basin and the mountains.The findings are consistent with similar studies,showing that near-fault sedimentary basins significantly focus and amplify strong ground motion,and the soil’s nonlinear behavior in the basin influences ground motion to varying extents at different distances from the fault.The mountainous topography impacts the basin’s response to ground motion,leading to barrier effects.This research provides a scientific foundation for seismic zoning,urban planning,and seismic design in nearfault mountain basin regions.展开更多
[Objectives]This study was conducted to establish a quantitative assessment method for the textural quality of chieh-qua fruit.[Methods]Using two modes of a texture analyzer,namely TPA(texture profile analysis)and pun...[Objectives]This study was conducted to establish a quantitative assessment method for the textural quality of chieh-qua fruit.[Methods]Using two modes of a texture analyzer,namely TPA(texture profile analysis)and puncture,the index data of the fruit were obtained by setting different trigger forces,deformation levels,test speeds,as well as puncture speeds and puncture depths.The data included TPA hardness,adhesiveness,springiness,cohesiveness,gumminess,chewiness,resilience,as well as skin hardness,skin toughness,flesh hardness,fracturability,and compactness.[Results]Different deformation levels had a significant impact on all parameters.Hardness,adhesiveness,gumminess and chewiness showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the deformation level increasing.When the deformation level was 30%,the adhesiveness,gumminess and chewiness reached their maximum values.When the deformation level was 50%,TPA hardness reached its maximum.When the compression speed was 3 mm/s,the measured values of TPA hardness,adhesiveness,chewiness,and resilience were at their maximums.The skin hardness varied significantly under different trigger forces.When the trigger force was 15 g,the skin hardness reached a maximum value of 944.63 g,and the skin toughness,flesh hardness,fracturability,and compactness also reach their maximum values respectively.When the puncture depth was 12 mm,the flesh hardness and skin toughness reached their maximums of 682.51 g and 1.82 mm,respectively.In the TPA mode,the flesh hardness of chieh-qua showed an extremely significant negative correlation with springiness,cohesiveness,and resilience(P<0.01).The fruit fracturability detected by puncture had an extremely significant positive correlation with compactness(P<0.01).[Conclusions]The evaluation method for measuring chieh-qua texture by combining TPA and the puncture mode could accurately and quantitatively reflect the differences in the flesh texture quality of chieh-qua.The optimal parameters for texture measurement of chieh-qua fruit were determined as a 15 g trigger force with 50%deformation and a 3 mm/s compression speed in TPA mode,and a 15 g trigger force with a 12 mm puncture depth in puncture mode.Puncture speed was found to have no significant effect on the texture indices of chieh-qua.展开更多
The testing of large structures is limited by high costs and long cycles, making scaling methods an attractive solution. However, the scaling process of elastic rings introduces complexities in multi-parameter geometr...The testing of large structures is limited by high costs and long cycles, making scaling methods an attractive solution. However, the scaling process of elastic rings introduces complexities in multi-parameter geometric distortions, leading to a diminution in the predictive accuracy of the distorted similitude. To address this challenge, this study formulates a novel set of scaling laws, tailored to account for the intricate geometric distortions associated with elastic rings. The proposed scaling laws are formulated based on the intrinsic deformation characteristics of elastic rings, rather than the traditional systemic governing equations. Numerical and experimental cases are conducted to assess the efficacy and precision of the proposed scaling laws, and the obtained results are compared with those achieved by traditional methods. The outcomes demonstrate that the scaling laws put forth by this study significantly enhance the predictive capabilities for deformations of elastic rings.展开更多
This study presents an implicit multiphysics coupling method integrating Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD),the Multiphase Particle-in-Cell(MPPIC)model,and the Finite Element Method(FEM),implemented with OpenFOAM,Calcu...This study presents an implicit multiphysics coupling method integrating Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD),the Multiphase Particle-in-Cell(MPPIC)model,and the Finite Element Method(FEM),implemented with OpenFOAM,CalculiX,and preCICE to simulate fluid-particle-structure interactions with large deformations.Mesh motion in the fluid field is handled using the radial basis function(RBF)method.The particle phase is modeled by MPPIC,where fluid-particle interaction is described through momentum exchange,and inter-particle collisions are characterized by collision stress.The structural field is solved by nonlinear FEM to capture large deformations induced by geometric nonlinearity.Coupling among fields is realized through a partitioned,parallel,and non-intrusive iterative strategy,ensuring stable transfer and convergence of interface forces and displacements.Notably,the influence of particles on the structure is not direct but mediated by the fluid,while structural motion directly affects particle dynamics.The results demonstrate that the proposed approach effectively captures multiphysics interaction processes and provides a valuable reference for numerical modeling of coupled fluid-particle-structure systems.展开更多
As a novel class of purely organic fluores-cent materials,multiple resonance thermal-ly activated delayed fluorescence(MR-TADF)compounds hold significant promise for next-generation display technologies.The efficiency...As a novel class of purely organic fluores-cent materials,multiple resonance thermal-ly activated delayed fluorescence(MR-TADF)compounds hold significant promise for next-generation display technologies.The efficiency of exciton utilization and the overall performance of organic light-emit-ting devices are closely linked to the singlet-triplet energy gap(ΔE_(ST))of MR-TADF emitters.Identifying an economic and accu-rate theoretical approach to predictΔE_(ST)would be beneficial for high-throughput screening and facilitate the inverse design of MR-TADF molecules.In this study,we evaluated the S_(1)state energy(E(S_(1))),T_(1)state ener-gy(E(T_(1))),andΔE_(ST)using three different physical interpretations:adiabatic excitation ener-gy,vertical absorption energy,and vertical emission energy.We employed the time-depen-dent density functional theory(TDDFT)and delta self-consistent field(ΔSCF)methods to calculate E(S_(1)),E(T_(1)),andΔE_(ST)for 20 MR-TADF molecules reported in the literature.We compared these calculated values with experimental data obtained from fluorescence spec-troscopy at room-temperature(or 77 K)and phosphorescence spectroscopy conducted at 77 K.Our findings indicate that the vertical absorption energy at the S0 state minimum,deter-mined by theΔSCF method,accurately predicts the S_(1)state energy.Similarly,the vertical absorption energy at the S0 state minimum,calculated using the TDDFT method,effectively predicts the T_(1)state energy.TheΔE_(ST)derived from the difference between these two excita-tion energies exhibited the smallest mean absolute error of only 0.039 eV compared to the ex-perimental values.This combination represents the most accurate and cost-effective method reported to date for predicting theΔE_(ST)of MR-TADF molecules,and can be integrated into AI-driven inverse design workflows for new emitters.展开更多
In this paper,a novel method for investigating the particle-crushing behavior of breeding particles in a fusion blanket is proposed.The fractal theory and Weibull distribution are combined to establish a theoretical m...In this paper,a novel method for investigating the particle-crushing behavior of breeding particles in a fusion blanket is proposed.The fractal theory and Weibull distribution are combined to establish a theoretical model,and its validity was verified using a simple impact test.A crushable discrete element method(DEM)framework is built based on the previously established theoretical model.The tensile strength,which considers the fractal theory,size effect,and Weibull variation,was assigned to each generated particle.The assigned strength is then used for crush detection by comparing it with its maximum tensile stress.Mass conservation is ensured by inserting a series of sub-particles whose total mass was equal to the quality loss.Based on the crushable DEM framework,a numerical simulation of the crushing behavior of a pebble bed with hollow cylindrical geometry under a uniaxial compression test was performed.The results of this investigation showed that the particle withstands the external load by contact and sliding at the beginning of the compression process,and the results confirmed that crushing can be considered an important method of resisting the increasing external load.A relatively regular particle arrangement aids in resisting the load and reduces the occurrence of particle crushing.However,a limit exists to the promotion of resistance.When the strain increases beyond this limit,the distribution of the crushing position tends to be isotropic over the entire pebble bed.The theoretical model and crushable DEM framework provide a new method for exploring the pebble bed in a fusion reactor,considering particle crushing.展开更多
Aerodynamic performances of axial compressors are significantly affected by variation of Reynolds number in aero-engines.In the design and analysis of compressors,previous correction methods for cascades and stages ha...Aerodynamic performances of axial compressors are significantly affected by variation of Reynolds number in aero-engines.In the design and analysis of compressors,previous correction methods for cascades and stages have difficulties in predicting comprehensively Reynolds number effects on airfoils,matching and characteristics curves.This study proposes Re-correction models for loss,deviation angle and endwall blockage based on classical theories and cascade tests,and loss and deviation models show good agreement in test data of NACA65 and C4 cascades.Throughflow method considering Reynolds number effects is developed by integrating the correction models into a verified Streamline Curvature(SLC)tool.A three-stage axial compressor is investigated through SLC and CFD methods from design Reynolds number(Red=2106)to low Re=4104,and the numerical methods are validated with test data of characteristic curves and spanwise distributions at Red.With Re reduction,SLC method with correction models well predicts variation in overall performances compared with CFD calculations and Wassell's model.Streamwise and spanwise matching such as total pressure and loss distributions in SLC predictions are basically consistent with those in CFD results at near-stall points under design and low Reynolds numbers.SLC and CFD methods share similar detections of stall risks in the third stage(Stg3),and their analyses of diffusion processes deviate to some extent due to different predictions in separated endwall flow.The correction models can be adopted to consider Reynolds number effects in through-flow design and analysis of axial compressors.展开更多
A new quadrilateral edge element method is proposed and analyzed for Maxwell equations.This proposed method is based on Duan-Liang quadrilateral element(Math.Comp.73(2004),pp.1–18).When applied to the eigenvalue prob...A new quadrilateral edge element method is proposed and analyzed for Maxwell equations.This proposed method is based on Duan-Liang quadrilateral element(Math.Comp.73(2004),pp.1–18).When applied to the eigenvalue problem,the method is spectral-correct and spurious-free.Stability and error estimates are obtained,including the interpolation error estimates and the error estimates between the finite element solution and the exact solution.The method is suitable for singular solution as well as smooth solution,and consequently,the method is valid for nonconvex domains which may have a number of reentrant corners.Of course,the method is suitable for arbitrary quadrilaterals(under the usual shape-regular condition).展开更多
Effective partitioning is crucial for enabling parallel restoration of power systems after blackouts.This paper proposes a novel partitioning method based on deep reinforcement learning.First,the partitioning decision...Effective partitioning is crucial for enabling parallel restoration of power systems after blackouts.This paper proposes a novel partitioning method based on deep reinforcement learning.First,the partitioning decision process is formulated as a Markov decision process(MDP)model to maximize the modularity.Corresponding key partitioning constraints on parallel restoration are considered.Second,based on the partitioning objective and constraints,the reward function of the partitioning MDP model is set by adopting a relative deviation normalization scheme to reduce mutual interference between the reward and penalty in the reward function.The soft bonus scaling mechanism is introduced to mitigate overestimation caused by abrupt jumps in the reward.Then,the deep Q network method is applied to solve the partitioning MDP model and generate partitioning schemes.Two experience replay buffers are employed to speed up the training process of the method.Finally,case studies on the IEEE 39-bus test system demonstrate that the proposed method can generate a high-modularity partitioning result that meets all key partitioning constraints,thereby improving the parallelism and reliability of the restoration process.Moreover,simulation results demonstrate that an appropriate discount factor is crucial for ensuring both the convergence speed and the stability of the partitioning training.展开更多
In this article,a graphic design method for broadband Doherty power amplifier(DPA) is proposed based on the basic principle of impedance matching with the help of Smith chart.The proposed graphic method avoids the com...In this article,a graphic design method for broadband Doherty power amplifier(DPA) is proposed based on the basic principle of impedance matching with the help of Smith chart.The proposed graphic method avoids the complex formula derivation in the traditional amplifier circuit design process,and the design process is more simple and intuitive.Besides,it only takes three steps to build the load modulation network(LMN) of two power amplifiers(PA) of the DPA.Besides,a capacitor is used to replace the parasitic parameters of the transistor,and the LMN designed in the two modes is used for exploration and comparison.Further more,the output impedance of the peaking PA is introduced to make the reflection coefficient trajectory on Smith chart lowfrequency dispersion so as to expand the bandwidth of the DPA at the output power back-off(OBO) level.It would not affect the performance of DPA in the saturation(SAT) state.In this way,a broadband DPA can be implemented easily.To validate the proposed design method,a broadband DPA operating from 1.9to 2.6 GHz is designed and measured based on the proposed method.Under the continuous-wave excitation,the fabricated DPA has a 6 dB OBO efficiency of 48%-56% and a SAT efficiency of 64%-73% from 1.75 to 2.45 GHz,and the peak output power is 48.9-49.8 dBm.展开更多
This mixed-methods study investigated how AI-enhanced English as a Foreign Language(EFL)learning environments influence students’psychological well-being through the mediating roles of motivation and language learnin...This mixed-methods study investigated how AI-enhanced English as a Foreign Language(EFL)learning environments influence students’psychological well-being through the mediating roles of motivation and language learning anxiety and the moderating role of trust.Participants were Chinese university students(N=310,62%female,mean age=18.9,SD=0.8),of whom 15 completed interviews to both add to and to clarify the evidence from the surveys.Structural equation modeling results revealed that AI use had significant indirect effects on well-being through increased motivation and reduced language learning anxiety.Trust in AI significantly moderated both paths,amplifying the motivational benefits and anxiety reduction associated with AI use.Thematic analysis supported these results,identifying three experiential themes:(1)motivational empowerment through personalization,(2)anxiety regulation through safe practice and feedback,and(3)trust as the emotional bridge between AI and well-being.The study extends AI psychology applications by empirically linking technology engagement with affective outcomes and underscores the need for human-centered and trust-enhancing design in AI-supported education.From these findings,we conclude that adaptive,transparent,and autonomy-supportive AI systems promote self-determined motivation,emotional safety,and overall psychological health among EFL learners.展开更多
The application of nitrogen fertilizers in agricultural fields can lead to the release of nitrogen-containing gases(NCGs),such as NO_(x),NH_(3) and N_(2)O,which can significantly impact regional atmospheric environmen...The application of nitrogen fertilizers in agricultural fields can lead to the release of nitrogen-containing gases(NCGs),such as NO_(x),NH_(3) and N_(2)O,which can significantly impact regional atmospheric environment and con-tribute to global climate change.However,there remain considerable research gaps in the accurate measurement of NCGs emissions from agricultural fields,hindering the development of effective emission reduction strategies.We improved an open-top dynamic chambers(OTDCs)system and evaluated the performance by comparing the measured and given fluxes of the NCGs.The results showed that the measured fluxes of NO,N_(2)O and NH_(3)were 1%,2%and 7%lower than the given fluxes,respectively.For the determination of NH_(3) concentration,we employed a stripping coil-ion chromatograph(SC-IC)analytical technique,which demonstrated an absorption efficiency for atmospheric NH_(3) exceeding 96.1%across sampling durations of 6 to 60 min.In the summer maize season,we utilized the OTDCs system to measure the exchange fluxes of NO,NH_(3),and N_(2)O from the soil in the North China Plain.Substantial emissions of NO,NH_(3) and N_(2)O were recorded following fertilization,with peaks of 107,309,1239 ng N/(m^(2)·s),respectively.Notably,significant NCGs emissions were observed following sus-tained heavy rainfall one month after fertilization,particularly with NH_(3) peak being 4.5 times higher than that observed immediately after fertilization.Our results demonstrate that the OTDCs system accurately reflects the emission characteristics of soil NCGs and meets the requirements for long-term and continuous flux observation.展开更多
The water hammer problem is an important issue in the dynamics of liquid propulsion system.This paper aims to use the Lattice Boltzmann Method(LBM)with entropy limiter to study the water hammer problems in propellant ...The water hammer problem is an important issue in the dynamics of liquid propulsion system.This paper aims to use the Lattice Boltzmann Method(LBM)with entropy limiter to study the water hammer problems in propellant feedlines.The dynamic characteristics of valve-closing water hammer and filling water hammer are investigated by this method,and the sensitivity of filling water hammer is analyzed with a single factor sensitivity analysis with 8 factors and 9 levels and a multi-factor sensitivity analysis with L_(27)(3^(13))orthogonal experiment based on range method.It is found that the solving result of LBM with entropy limiter is basically in good agreement with finite volume method,and using the entropy limiter can eliminate numerical oscillations when solving valve-closing water hammer problems and solve the numerical"blow up"when solving filling water hammer problems.It can be seen that the dynamic characteristics of valve-closing water hammer are relatively simple,while there are many factors that affect the filling water hammer and the degree of these effects varies.The effects on the maximum water hammer pressure are relatively uniform,but those on the water hammer response time vary greatly through the skewness analysis.展开更多
基金Supported in part by Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi(2023GXNSFAA026246)in part by the Central Government's Guide to Local Science and Technology Development Fund(GuikeZY23055044)in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62363003)。
文摘In this paper,we consider the maximal positive definite solution of the nonlinear matrix equation.By using the idea of Algorithm 2.1 in ZHANG(2013),a new inversion-free method with a stepsize parameter is proposed to obtain the maximal positive definite solution of nonlinear matrix equation X+A^(*)X|^(-α)A=Q with the case 0<α≤1.Based on this method,a new iterative algorithm is developed,and its convergence proof is given.Finally,two numerical examples are provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.U2139208 and 52278516Key Laboratory of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,China Earthquake Administration under Grant No.2024D15Key Laboratory of Soft Soil Characteristic and Engineering Environment,Tianjin Chengjian University under Grant No.2022SCEEKL003。
文摘This study presents an effective hybrid simulation approach for simulating broadband ground motion in complex near-fault locations.The approach utilizes a deterministic approach based on the spectral element method(SEM),which is used to simulate low-frequency ground motion(f<1 Hz)by incorporating an innovative efficient discontinuous Galerkin(DG)method for grid division to accurately model basin sedimentary layers at reduced costs.It also introduces a comprehensive hybrid source model for high-frequency random scattering and a nonlinear analysis module for basin sedimentary layers.Deterministic outcomes are combined with modified three-dimensional stochastic finite fault method(3D-EXSIM)simulations of high-frequency ground motion(f>1 Hz).A fourth-order Butterworth filter with zero phase shift is employed for time-domain filtering of low-and high-frequency time series at a crossover frequency of 1 Hz,merging the low and high-frequency ground motions into a broadband time series.Taking an Ms 6.8 Luding earthquake,as an example,this hybrid method was used for a rapid and efficient simulation analysis of broadband ground motion in the region.The accuracy and efficiency of this hybrid method were verified through comparisons with actually observed station data and empirical attenuation curves.Deterministic method simulation results revealed the effects of mountainous topography,basin effects,nonlinear effects within the basin’s sedimentary layers,and a coupling interaction between the basin and the mountains.The findings are consistent with similar studies,showing that near-fault sedimentary basins significantly focus and amplify strong ground motion,and the soil’s nonlinear behavior in the basin influences ground motion to varying extents at different distances from the fault.The mountainous topography impacts the basin’s response to ground motion,leading to barrier effects.This research provides a scientific foundation for seismic zoning,urban planning,and seismic design in nearfault mountain basin regions.
基金Supported by Shanghai Agriculture Applied Technology Development Program (Grant No.T20220120).
文摘[Objectives]This study was conducted to establish a quantitative assessment method for the textural quality of chieh-qua fruit.[Methods]Using two modes of a texture analyzer,namely TPA(texture profile analysis)and puncture,the index data of the fruit were obtained by setting different trigger forces,deformation levels,test speeds,as well as puncture speeds and puncture depths.The data included TPA hardness,adhesiveness,springiness,cohesiveness,gumminess,chewiness,resilience,as well as skin hardness,skin toughness,flesh hardness,fracturability,and compactness.[Results]Different deformation levels had a significant impact on all parameters.Hardness,adhesiveness,gumminess and chewiness showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the deformation level increasing.When the deformation level was 30%,the adhesiveness,gumminess and chewiness reached their maximum values.When the deformation level was 50%,TPA hardness reached its maximum.When the compression speed was 3 mm/s,the measured values of TPA hardness,adhesiveness,chewiness,and resilience were at their maximums.The skin hardness varied significantly under different trigger forces.When the trigger force was 15 g,the skin hardness reached a maximum value of 944.63 g,and the skin toughness,flesh hardness,fracturability,and compactness also reach their maximum values respectively.When the puncture depth was 12 mm,the flesh hardness and skin toughness reached their maximums of 682.51 g and 1.82 mm,respectively.In the TPA mode,the flesh hardness of chieh-qua showed an extremely significant negative correlation with springiness,cohesiveness,and resilience(P<0.01).The fruit fracturability detected by puncture had an extremely significant positive correlation with compactness(P<0.01).[Conclusions]The evaluation method for measuring chieh-qua texture by combining TPA and the puncture mode could accurately and quantitatively reflect the differences in the flesh texture quality of chieh-qua.The optimal parameters for texture measurement of chieh-qua fruit were determined as a 15 g trigger force with 50%deformation and a 3 mm/s compression speed in TPA mode,and a 15 g trigger force with a 12 mm puncture depth in puncture mode.Puncture speed was found to have no significant effect on the texture indices of chieh-qua.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52405095,12272089,and 92360305)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of China(No.2023A1515110557)+4 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province of China(No.2023-BSBA-102)the Open Fund of National Key Laboratory of Particle Transport and Separation Technology of China(No.WZKF-2024-6)the Open Project of Guangxi Key Laboratory of Automobile Components and Vehicle Technology of China(Nos.2024GKLACVTKF07 and 2024GKLACVTKF06)the Basic Research Projects of Liaoning Provincial Department of Education of China(No.JYTQN2023162)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(No.N2403022)。
文摘The testing of large structures is limited by high costs and long cycles, making scaling methods an attractive solution. However, the scaling process of elastic rings introduces complexities in multi-parameter geometric distortions, leading to a diminution in the predictive accuracy of the distorted similitude. To address this challenge, this study formulates a novel set of scaling laws, tailored to account for the intricate geometric distortions associated with elastic rings. The proposed scaling laws are formulated based on the intrinsic deformation characteristics of elastic rings, rather than the traditional systemic governing equations. Numerical and experimental cases are conducted to assess the efficacy and precision of the proposed scaling laws, and the obtained results are compared with those achieved by traditional methods. The outcomes demonstrate that the scaling laws put forth by this study significantly enhance the predictive capabilities for deformations of elastic rings.
基金supported in part by the Mining Hydraulic Technology and Equipment Engineering Research Center,Liaoning Technical University,Fuxin,China(Grant No.MHTE23-R04)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(ID N25BSS068).
文摘This study presents an implicit multiphysics coupling method integrating Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD),the Multiphase Particle-in-Cell(MPPIC)model,and the Finite Element Method(FEM),implemented with OpenFOAM,CalculiX,and preCICE to simulate fluid-particle-structure interactions with large deformations.Mesh motion in the fluid field is handled using the radial basis function(RBF)method.The particle phase is modeled by MPPIC,where fluid-particle interaction is described through momentum exchange,and inter-particle collisions are characterized by collision stress.The structural field is solved by nonlinear FEM to capture large deformations induced by geometric nonlinearity.Coupling among fields is realized through a partitioned,parallel,and non-intrusive iterative strategy,ensuring stable transfer and convergence of interface forces and displacements.Notably,the influence of particles on the structure is not direct but mediated by the fluid,while structural motion directly affects particle dynamics.The results demonstrate that the proposed approach effectively captures multiphysics interaction processes and provides a valuable reference for numerical modeling of coupled fluid-particle-structure systems.
基金support provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22273043).
文摘As a novel class of purely organic fluores-cent materials,multiple resonance thermal-ly activated delayed fluorescence(MR-TADF)compounds hold significant promise for next-generation display technologies.The efficiency of exciton utilization and the overall performance of organic light-emit-ting devices are closely linked to the singlet-triplet energy gap(ΔE_(ST))of MR-TADF emitters.Identifying an economic and accu-rate theoretical approach to predictΔE_(ST)would be beneficial for high-throughput screening and facilitate the inverse design of MR-TADF molecules.In this study,we evaluated the S_(1)state energy(E(S_(1))),T_(1)state ener-gy(E(T_(1))),andΔE_(ST)using three different physical interpretations:adiabatic excitation ener-gy,vertical absorption energy,and vertical emission energy.We employed the time-depen-dent density functional theory(TDDFT)and delta self-consistent field(ΔSCF)methods to calculate E(S_(1)),E(T_(1)),andΔE_(ST)for 20 MR-TADF molecules reported in the literature.We compared these calculated values with experimental data obtained from fluorescence spec-troscopy at room-temperature(or 77 K)and phosphorescence spectroscopy conducted at 77 K.Our findings indicate that the vertical absorption energy at the S0 state minimum,deter-mined by theΔSCF method,accurately predicts the S_(1)state energy.Similarly,the vertical absorption energy at the S0 state minimum,calculated using the TDDFT method,effectively predicts the T_(1)state energy.TheΔE_(ST)derived from the difference between these two excita-tion energies exhibited the smallest mean absolute error of only 0.039 eV compared to the ex-perimental values.This combination represents the most accurate and cost-effective method reported to date for predicting theΔE_(ST)of MR-TADF molecules,and can be integrated into AI-driven inverse design workflows for new emitters.
基金supported by Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation(2408085QA030)Natural Science Research Project of Anhui Educational Committee,China(2022AH050825)+3 种基金Medical Special Cultivation Project of Anhui University of Science and Technology(YZ2023H2C008)the Excellent Research and Innovation Team of Anhui Province,China(2022AH010052)the Scientific Research Foundation for High-level Talents of Anhui University of Science and Technology,China(2021yjrc51)Collaborative Innovation Program of Hefei Science Center,CAS,China(2019HSC-CIP006).
文摘In this paper,a novel method for investigating the particle-crushing behavior of breeding particles in a fusion blanket is proposed.The fractal theory and Weibull distribution are combined to establish a theoretical model,and its validity was verified using a simple impact test.A crushable discrete element method(DEM)framework is built based on the previously established theoretical model.The tensile strength,which considers the fractal theory,size effect,and Weibull variation,was assigned to each generated particle.The assigned strength is then used for crush detection by comparing it with its maximum tensile stress.Mass conservation is ensured by inserting a series of sub-particles whose total mass was equal to the quality loss.Based on the crushable DEM framework,a numerical simulation of the crushing behavior of a pebble bed with hollow cylindrical geometry under a uniaxial compression test was performed.The results of this investigation showed that the particle withstands the external load by contact and sliding at the beginning of the compression process,and the results confirmed that crushing can be considered an important method of resisting the increasing external load.A relatively regular particle arrangement aids in resisting the load and reduces the occurrence of particle crushing.However,a limit exists to the promotion of resistance.When the strain increases beyond this limit,the distribution of the crushing position tends to be isotropic over the entire pebble bed.The theoretical model and crushable DEM framework provide a new method for exploring the pebble bed in a fusion reactor,considering particle crushing.
基金supported by the National Science and Tech-nology Major Project of China(Nos.2017-II-0007-0021 and J2019-II-0017-0038)。
文摘Aerodynamic performances of axial compressors are significantly affected by variation of Reynolds number in aero-engines.In the design and analysis of compressors,previous correction methods for cascades and stages have difficulties in predicting comprehensively Reynolds number effects on airfoils,matching and characteristics curves.This study proposes Re-correction models for loss,deviation angle and endwall blockage based on classical theories and cascade tests,and loss and deviation models show good agreement in test data of NACA65 and C4 cascades.Throughflow method considering Reynolds number effects is developed by integrating the correction models into a verified Streamline Curvature(SLC)tool.A three-stage axial compressor is investigated through SLC and CFD methods from design Reynolds number(Red=2106)to low Re=4104,and the numerical methods are validated with test data of characteristic curves and spanwise distributions at Red.With Re reduction,SLC method with correction models well predicts variation in overall performances compared with CFD calculations and Wassell's model.Streamwise and spanwise matching such as total pressure and loss distributions in SLC predictions are basically consistent with those in CFD results at near-stall points under design and low Reynolds numbers.SLC and CFD methods share similar detections of stall risks in the third stage(Stg3),and their analyses of diffusion processes deviate to some extent due to different predictions in separated endwall flow.The correction models can be adopted to consider Reynolds number effects in through-flow design and analysis of axial compressors.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12401482)the second author was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12371371,12261160361,11971366)supported by the Open Research Fund of Hubei Key Laboratory of Computational Science,Wuhan University.
文摘A new quadrilateral edge element method is proposed and analyzed for Maxwell equations.This proposed method is based on Duan-Liang quadrilateral element(Math.Comp.73(2004),pp.1–18).When applied to the eigenvalue problem,the method is spectral-correct and spurious-free.Stability and error estimates are obtained,including the interpolation error estimates and the error estimates between the finite element solution and the exact solution.The method is suitable for singular solution as well as smooth solution,and consequently,the method is valid for nonconvex domains which may have a number of reentrant corners.Of course,the method is suitable for arbitrary quadrilaterals(under the usual shape-regular condition).
基金funded by the Beijing Engineering Research Center of Electric Rail Transportation.
文摘Effective partitioning is crucial for enabling parallel restoration of power systems after blackouts.This paper proposes a novel partitioning method based on deep reinforcement learning.First,the partitioning decision process is formulated as a Markov decision process(MDP)model to maximize the modularity.Corresponding key partitioning constraints on parallel restoration are considered.Second,based on the partitioning objective and constraints,the reward function of the partitioning MDP model is set by adopting a relative deviation normalization scheme to reduce mutual interference between the reward and penalty in the reward function.The soft bonus scaling mechanism is introduced to mitigate overestimation caused by abrupt jumps in the reward.Then,the deep Q network method is applied to solve the partitioning MDP model and generate partitioning schemes.Two experience replay buffers are employed to speed up the training process of the method.Finally,case studies on the IEEE 39-bus test system demonstrate that the proposed method can generate a high-modularity partitioning result that meets all key partitioning constraints,thereby improving the parallelism and reliability of the restoration process.Moreover,simulation results demonstrate that an appropriate discount factor is crucial for ensuring both the convergence speed and the stability of the partitioning training.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 62001061)。
文摘In this article,a graphic design method for broadband Doherty power amplifier(DPA) is proposed based on the basic principle of impedance matching with the help of Smith chart.The proposed graphic method avoids the complex formula derivation in the traditional amplifier circuit design process,and the design process is more simple and intuitive.Besides,it only takes three steps to build the load modulation network(LMN) of two power amplifiers(PA) of the DPA.Besides,a capacitor is used to replace the parasitic parameters of the transistor,and the LMN designed in the two modes is used for exploration and comparison.Further more,the output impedance of the peaking PA is introduced to make the reflection coefficient trajectory on Smith chart lowfrequency dispersion so as to expand the bandwidth of the DPA at the output power back-off(OBO) level.It would not affect the performance of DPA in the saturation(SAT) state.In this way,a broadband DPA can be implemented easily.To validate the proposed design method,a broadband DPA operating from 1.9to 2.6 GHz is designed and measured based on the proposed method.Under the continuous-wave excitation,the fabricated DPA has a 6 dB OBO efficiency of 48%-56% and a SAT efficiency of 64%-73% from 1.75 to 2.45 GHz,and the peak output power is 48.9-49.8 dBm.
文摘This mixed-methods study investigated how AI-enhanced English as a Foreign Language(EFL)learning environments influence students’psychological well-being through the mediating roles of motivation and language learning anxiety and the moderating role of trust.Participants were Chinese university students(N=310,62%female,mean age=18.9,SD=0.8),of whom 15 completed interviews to both add to and to clarify the evidence from the surveys.Structural equation modeling results revealed that AI use had significant indirect effects on well-being through increased motivation and reduced language learning anxiety.Trust in AI significantly moderated both paths,amplifying the motivational benefits and anxiety reduction associated with AI use.Thematic analysis supported these results,identifying three experiential themes:(1)motivational empowerment through personalization,(2)anxiety regulation through safe practice and feedback,and(3)trust as the emotional bridge between AI and well-being.The study extends AI psychology applications by empirically linking technology engagement with affective outcomes and underscores the need for human-centered and trust-enhancing design in AI-supported education.From these findings,we conclude that adaptive,transparent,and autonomy-supportive AI systems promote self-determined motivation,emotional safety,and overall psychological health among EFL learners.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Develop-ment Program(No.2022YFC3701103)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42130714 and 41931287).
文摘The application of nitrogen fertilizers in agricultural fields can lead to the release of nitrogen-containing gases(NCGs),such as NO_(x),NH_(3) and N_(2)O,which can significantly impact regional atmospheric environment and con-tribute to global climate change.However,there remain considerable research gaps in the accurate measurement of NCGs emissions from agricultural fields,hindering the development of effective emission reduction strategies.We improved an open-top dynamic chambers(OTDCs)system and evaluated the performance by comparing the measured and given fluxes of the NCGs.The results showed that the measured fluxes of NO,N_(2)O and NH_(3)were 1%,2%and 7%lower than the given fluxes,respectively.For the determination of NH_(3) concentration,we employed a stripping coil-ion chromatograph(SC-IC)analytical technique,which demonstrated an absorption efficiency for atmospheric NH_(3) exceeding 96.1%across sampling durations of 6 to 60 min.In the summer maize season,we utilized the OTDCs system to measure the exchange fluxes of NO,NH_(3),and N_(2)O from the soil in the North China Plain.Substantial emissions of NO,NH_(3) and N_(2)O were recorded following fertilization,with peaks of 107,309,1239 ng N/(m^(2)·s),respectively.Notably,significant NCGs emissions were observed following sus-tained heavy rainfall one month after fertilization,particularly with NH_(3) peak being 4.5 times higher than that observed immediately after fertilization.Our results demonstrate that the OTDCs system accurately reflects the emission characteristics of soil NCGs and meets the requirements for long-term and continuous flux observation.
基金supported by the Natural Science BasicResearch Program of Shaanxi,China(No.2021JC-14)。
文摘The water hammer problem is an important issue in the dynamics of liquid propulsion system.This paper aims to use the Lattice Boltzmann Method(LBM)with entropy limiter to study the water hammer problems in propellant feedlines.The dynamic characteristics of valve-closing water hammer and filling water hammer are investigated by this method,and the sensitivity of filling water hammer is analyzed with a single factor sensitivity analysis with 8 factors and 9 levels and a multi-factor sensitivity analysis with L_(27)(3^(13))orthogonal experiment based on range method.It is found that the solving result of LBM with entropy limiter is basically in good agreement with finite volume method,and using the entropy limiter can eliminate numerical oscillations when solving valve-closing water hammer problems and solve the numerical"blow up"when solving filling water hammer problems.It can be seen that the dynamic characteristics of valve-closing water hammer are relatively simple,while there are many factors that affect the filling water hammer and the degree of these effects varies.The effects on the maximum water hammer pressure are relatively uniform,but those on the water hammer response time vary greatly through the skewness analysis.
