Dear Editor,Psoriasis is increasingly recognized as a systemic inflammatory disease associated with several comorbidities,including metabolic syndrome,depression,and malignancies[1].Colorectal cancer(CRC)is the third ...Dear Editor,Psoriasis is increasingly recognized as a systemic inflammatory disease associated with several comorbidities,including metabolic syndrome,depression,and malignancies[1].Colorectal cancer(CRC)is the third most common cancer worldwide and ranks second in mortality among all malignancies.Currently,it has become one of the most severe challenges faced by healthcare systems in many countries[2].A previous study has found that patients with psoriasis have a significantly increased risk of developing CRC[3].展开更多
Colorectal cancer(CRC)is the third most common malignancy worldwide and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths,accounting for approximately 10%of all cancer cases.By 2050,CRC incidence is expected to rise s...Colorectal cancer(CRC)is the third most common malignancy worldwide and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths,accounting for approximately 10%of all cancer cases.By 2050,CRC incidence is expected to rise substantially,driven by population aging and greater exposure to risk factors in developing countries.Despite advances in medicine and pharmacy,the effectiveness of available treatments remains limited,underscoring the urgent need for innovative therapeutic strategies.This review summarizes and critically evaluates currently available CRC therapies and explores new emerging directions.Particular attention is given to the role of immunotherapy,targeted therapies,nanotechnology-based approaches,metal-based compounds,PROTAC technology,and personalized medicine,with emphasis on their efficacy,safety,accessibility,and mechanisms of drug resistance.In conclusion,surgery and chemotherapy remain the backbone of CRC treatment,but novel therapeutic approaches are reshaping the treatment landscape.Emerging strategies may offer improved patient tolerability and survival outcomes by reducing the occurrence of burdensome adverse effects.Persistent challenges such as drug toxicity,the emergence of resistance mechanisms,and inequalities in access to innovative therapies underscore the need for further translational research.Integrating personalized therapeutic approaches will also be crucial to achieving more effective,safer,and accessible treatment strategies for CRC.展开更多
Objectives:The mechanism by which specific tumor subsets in colorectal cancer(CRC)use alternative metabolic pathways,particularly those modulated by hypoxia and fructose,to alter the tumor microenvironment(TME)remains...Objectives:The mechanism by which specific tumor subsets in colorectal cancer(CRC)use alternative metabolic pathways,particularly those modulated by hypoxia and fructose,to alter the tumor microenvironment(TME)remains unclear.This study aimed to identify these malignant subpopulations and characterize their intercellular signaling networks and spatial organization through an integrative multi-omics approach.Methods:Leveraging bulk datasets,single-cell RNA sequencing,and integrative spatial transcriptomics,we developed a prognostic model based on hypoxia-and fructose metabolism-related genes(HFGs)to delineate tumor cell subpopulations and their intercellular signaling networks.Results:We identified a specific subset of stanniocalcin-2 positive(STC2+)malignant cells spatially enriched within tumor regions and strongly associated with poor prognosis.This subset served as a key signaling hub in the TME,exhibiting increased epithelial–mesenchymal transition activity.STC2+cells engage in two spatially organized ligand–receptor interactions:the growth differentiation factor 15(GDF15)—transforming growth factor beta receptor 2(TGFBR2)pathway targeting endothelial cells and the migration inhibitory factor(MIF)—(cluster of differentiation 74[CD74]+C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4[CXCR4])pathway targeting macrophages.Conclusion:This study identified a malignant cell state in CRC that is metabolically defined and spatially limited,including liver metastases,and is characterized by elevated STC2 expression and active immune-stromal interactions.Given the interplay between metabolic reprogramming and TME remodeling,STC2+malignant cells are a functionally significant subpopulation and a potential therapeutic target.展开更多
Objectives:Cancer treatment relies heavily on accurate diagnosis and effective monitoring of the disease.These processes often involve invasive procedures,such as colonoscopy,to detect malignant tissues,followed by mo...Objectives:Cancer treatment relies heavily on accurate diagnosis and effective monitoring of the disease.These processes often involve invasive procedures,such as colonoscopy,to detect malignant tissues,followed by molecular analyses to determine relevant biomarkers.This study aimed to evaluate the clinical performance of droplet digital PCR(ddPCR)for detecting Kirsten Rat Sarcoma Viral Proto-Oncogene(KRAS),Neuroblastoma RAS Viral Oncogene Homolog(NRAS),and B-Raf Murine Sarcoma Viral Oncogene Homolog B(BRAF)mutations in circulating tumor DNA(ctDNA)from colorectal cancer patients using liquid biopsy.Methods:ctDNA was isolated from colorectal cancer(CRC)patients(n=110)and analyzed for KRAS,BRAF,and NRAS mutations.The ctDNA obtained through liquid biopsy was analyzed using ddPCR,and the findings were compared with sequencing data from tumor DNA archived in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded(FFPE)blocks.Results:For KRAS mutations,ddPCR achieved a sensitivity of 72.0%and a specificity of 71.4%.However,when pooling all target mutations(KRAS,NRAS and BRAF),the overall sensitivity and specificity were lower,at 48.3%and 51.1%,respectively.Conclusion:The results of this study indicate that the ddPCR analysis of ctDNA may provide complementary information for the molecular diagnosis of CRC patients.展开更多
The metastatic pattern of colon cancer is typically well characterized,with initial dissemination occurring through regional lymphatics,followed by hematogenous spread.The most frequent sites of metastasis in colorect...The metastatic pattern of colon cancer is typically well characterized,with initial dissemination occurring through regional lymphatics,followed by hematogenous spread.The most frequent sites of metastasis in colorectal cancer(CRC)include regional lymph nodes(50%–70%),liver(35%–50%),lungs(21%),peritoneum(15%),and ovaries(13%).1 Isolated distant lymph node metastasis,particularly in the absence of concurrent systemic disease,is exceedingly rare in CRC.To date,only six cases of isolated axillary lymph node metastasis(ALNM)from colorectal primaries have been documented in the literature.1–6 Even more uncommon is the incidental discovery of malignant cells in anastomotic doughnuts following stoma reversal procedures.Herein,we report a rare case involving both the incidental histopathological detection of tumor cells within doughnuts during stoma closure and the subsequent development of isolated ALNM after curative resection of sigmoid colon carcinoma.展开更多
目的:本研究基于前列腺癌、肺癌、CRC和卵巢癌筛查试验(PLCO)的数据,探讨了维生素(Vit) B族亚型(VitB2、B3、B6、B9和B12)摄入量与结直肠癌(CRC)及其不同亚部位发病风险之间的关系。方法:研究纳入98,400名年龄在55至74岁之间的男性和女...目的:本研究基于前列腺癌、肺癌、CRC和卵巢癌筛查试验(PLCO)的数据,探讨了维生素(Vit) B族亚型(VitB2、B3、B6、B9和B12)摄入量与结直肠癌(CRC)及其不同亚部位发病风险之间的关系。方法:研究纳入98,400名年龄在55至74岁之间的男性和女性,使用Cox回归模型评估了Vit摄入量与CRC发病率之间的关联。结果:研究发现,维生素B族亚型摄入量与CRC发病率显著负相关,且作用在不同亚部位表现出差异性。例如,VitB2和VitB6对直肠癌的保护作用显著,VitB9和VitB12则显著降低近端结肠癌的风险。此外,研究还揭示了BMI对Vit保护作用的调节效应,VitB6对BMI较低人群具有更强的保护作用,而VitB9在BMI较高人群中的保护作用更加显著。不吸烟人群中VitB9的保护作用也得到了进一步确认。补充剂来源的VitB9和VitB12与CRC风险显著负相关,而饮食来源的VitB2、B3和B6未表现出显著影响。结论:研究发现支持了VitB族在CRC预防中的潜在作用,并强调了个性化营养干预的重要性,并为CRC的预防策略和健康政策提供了重要依据。Objective: This study, based on data from the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial (PLCO), explored the relationship between the intake of B-vitamin subtypes (VitB2, B3, B6, B9, and B12) and the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) and its various subsite incidences. Methods: The study included 98,400 men and women aged 55 to 74. Cox regression models were used to assess the association between vitamin intake and CRC incidence. Results: The study found a significant negative correlation between B-vitamin intake and CRC incidence, with varying effects across different subsites. For instance, VitB2 and VitB6 were significantly protective against rectal cancer, while VitB9 and VitB12 were significantly associated with reduced risk of proximal colon cancer. Additionally, the study revealed a moderating effect of BMI on the protective role of vitamins. VitB6 showed stronger protective effects in individuals with lower BMI, while VitB9 exhibited a more pronounced protective effect in those with higher BMI. The protective effect of VitB9 in non-smokers has also been further confirmed. Supplement-derived VitB9 and VitB12 were significantly negatively associated with CRC risk, while dietary VitB2, B3, and B6 showed no significant effects. Conclusion: The study supports the potential role of B-vitamins in CRC prevention, emphasizing the importance of personalized nutritional interventions. It provides crucial evidence for CRC prevention strategies and health policies.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.82373475).
文摘Dear Editor,Psoriasis is increasingly recognized as a systemic inflammatory disease associated with several comorbidities,including metabolic syndrome,depression,and malignancies[1].Colorectal cancer(CRC)is the third most common cancer worldwide and ranks second in mortality among all malignancies.Currently,it has become one of the most severe challenges faced by healthcare systems in many countries[2].A previous study has found that patients with psoriasis have a significantly increased risk of developing CRC[3].
文摘Colorectal cancer(CRC)is the third most common malignancy worldwide and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths,accounting for approximately 10%of all cancer cases.By 2050,CRC incidence is expected to rise substantially,driven by population aging and greater exposure to risk factors in developing countries.Despite advances in medicine and pharmacy,the effectiveness of available treatments remains limited,underscoring the urgent need for innovative therapeutic strategies.This review summarizes and critically evaluates currently available CRC therapies and explores new emerging directions.Particular attention is given to the role of immunotherapy,targeted therapies,nanotechnology-based approaches,metal-based compounds,PROTAC technology,and personalized medicine,with emphasis on their efficacy,safety,accessibility,and mechanisms of drug resistance.In conclusion,surgery and chemotherapy remain the backbone of CRC treatment,but novel therapeutic approaches are reshaping the treatment landscape.Emerging strategies may offer improved patient tolerability and survival outcomes by reducing the occurrence of burdensome adverse effects.Persistent challenges such as drug toxicity,the emergence of resistance mechanisms,and inequalities in access to innovative therapies underscore the need for further translational research.Integrating personalized therapeutic approaches will also be crucial to achieving more effective,safer,and accessible treatment strategies for CRC.
基金supported by the Joint Project of the Chongqing Science and Technology Commission(2025MSXM040).
文摘Objectives:The mechanism by which specific tumor subsets in colorectal cancer(CRC)use alternative metabolic pathways,particularly those modulated by hypoxia and fructose,to alter the tumor microenvironment(TME)remains unclear.This study aimed to identify these malignant subpopulations and characterize their intercellular signaling networks and spatial organization through an integrative multi-omics approach.Methods:Leveraging bulk datasets,single-cell RNA sequencing,and integrative spatial transcriptomics,we developed a prognostic model based on hypoxia-and fructose metabolism-related genes(HFGs)to delineate tumor cell subpopulations and their intercellular signaling networks.Results:We identified a specific subset of stanniocalcin-2 positive(STC2+)malignant cells spatially enriched within tumor regions and strongly associated with poor prognosis.This subset served as a key signaling hub in the TME,exhibiting increased epithelial–mesenchymal transition activity.STC2+cells engage in two spatially organized ligand–receptor interactions:the growth differentiation factor 15(GDF15)—transforming growth factor beta receptor 2(TGFBR2)pathway targeting endothelial cells and the migration inhibitory factor(MIF)—(cluster of differentiation 74[CD74]+C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4[CXCR4])pathway targeting macrophages.Conclusion:This study identified a malignant cell state in CRC that is metabolically defined and spatially limited,including liver metastases,and is characterized by elevated STC2 expression and active immune-stromal interactions.Given the interplay between metabolic reprogramming and TME remodeling,STC2+malignant cells are a functionally significant subpopulation and a potential therapeutic target.
基金funded by the Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic—conceptual development of research organization(MMCI,00209805)Czech Science Foundation(No.25-15990S)+1 种基金the project 7D241003 EUREKA EUROSTARS35897,project SALVAGE(P JAC,reg.No.CZ.02.01.01/00/22_008/0004644)—funded by the European Unionby the State Budget of the Czech Republic,and by the LRI project BBMRI.cz(Nos.LM2023033 and CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_013/0001674.).
文摘Objectives:Cancer treatment relies heavily on accurate diagnosis and effective monitoring of the disease.These processes often involve invasive procedures,such as colonoscopy,to detect malignant tissues,followed by molecular analyses to determine relevant biomarkers.This study aimed to evaluate the clinical performance of droplet digital PCR(ddPCR)for detecting Kirsten Rat Sarcoma Viral Proto-Oncogene(KRAS),Neuroblastoma RAS Viral Oncogene Homolog(NRAS),and B-Raf Murine Sarcoma Viral Oncogene Homolog B(BRAF)mutations in circulating tumor DNA(ctDNA)from colorectal cancer patients using liquid biopsy.Methods:ctDNA was isolated from colorectal cancer(CRC)patients(n=110)and analyzed for KRAS,BRAF,and NRAS mutations.The ctDNA obtained through liquid biopsy was analyzed using ddPCR,and the findings were compared with sequencing data from tumor DNA archived in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded(FFPE)blocks.Results:For KRAS mutations,ddPCR achieved a sensitivity of 72.0%and a specificity of 71.4%.However,when pooling all target mutations(KRAS,NRAS and BRAF),the overall sensitivity and specificity were lower,at 48.3%and 51.1%,respectively.Conclusion:The results of this study indicate that the ddPCR analysis of ctDNA may provide complementary information for the molecular diagnosis of CRC patients.
文摘The metastatic pattern of colon cancer is typically well characterized,with initial dissemination occurring through regional lymphatics,followed by hematogenous spread.The most frequent sites of metastasis in colorectal cancer(CRC)include regional lymph nodes(50%–70%),liver(35%–50%),lungs(21%),peritoneum(15%),and ovaries(13%).1 Isolated distant lymph node metastasis,particularly in the absence of concurrent systemic disease,is exceedingly rare in CRC.To date,only six cases of isolated axillary lymph node metastasis(ALNM)from colorectal primaries have been documented in the literature.1–6 Even more uncommon is the incidental discovery of malignant cells in anastomotic doughnuts following stoma reversal procedures.Herein,we report a rare case involving both the incidental histopathological detection of tumor cells within doughnuts during stoma closure and the subsequent development of isolated ALNM after curative resection of sigmoid colon carcinoma.
文摘目的:本研究基于前列腺癌、肺癌、CRC和卵巢癌筛查试验(PLCO)的数据,探讨了维生素(Vit) B族亚型(VitB2、B3、B6、B9和B12)摄入量与结直肠癌(CRC)及其不同亚部位发病风险之间的关系。方法:研究纳入98,400名年龄在55至74岁之间的男性和女性,使用Cox回归模型评估了Vit摄入量与CRC发病率之间的关联。结果:研究发现,维生素B族亚型摄入量与CRC发病率显著负相关,且作用在不同亚部位表现出差异性。例如,VitB2和VitB6对直肠癌的保护作用显著,VitB9和VitB12则显著降低近端结肠癌的风险。此外,研究还揭示了BMI对Vit保护作用的调节效应,VitB6对BMI较低人群具有更强的保护作用,而VitB9在BMI较高人群中的保护作用更加显著。不吸烟人群中VitB9的保护作用也得到了进一步确认。补充剂来源的VitB9和VitB12与CRC风险显著负相关,而饮食来源的VitB2、B3和B6未表现出显著影响。结论:研究发现支持了VitB族在CRC预防中的潜在作用,并强调了个性化营养干预的重要性,并为CRC的预防策略和健康政策提供了重要依据。Objective: This study, based on data from the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial (PLCO), explored the relationship between the intake of B-vitamin subtypes (VitB2, B3, B6, B9, and B12) and the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) and its various subsite incidences. Methods: The study included 98,400 men and women aged 55 to 74. Cox regression models were used to assess the association between vitamin intake and CRC incidence. Results: The study found a significant negative correlation between B-vitamin intake and CRC incidence, with varying effects across different subsites. For instance, VitB2 and VitB6 were significantly protective against rectal cancer, while VitB9 and VitB12 were significantly associated with reduced risk of proximal colon cancer. Additionally, the study revealed a moderating effect of BMI on the protective role of vitamins. VitB6 showed stronger protective effects in individuals with lower BMI, while VitB9 exhibited a more pronounced protective effect in those with higher BMI. The protective effect of VitB9 in non-smokers has also been further confirmed. Supplement-derived VitB9 and VitB12 were significantly negatively associated with CRC risk, while dietary VitB2, B3, and B6 showed no significant effects. Conclusion: The study supports the potential role of B-vitamins in CRC prevention, emphasizing the importance of personalized nutritional interventions. It provides crucial evidence for CRC prevention strategies and health policies.
