This paper examines female executives＇ experiences of contra-power sexual harassment （CPSH）. One hundred and fifteen respondents, consisting of 67 female executives and 48 male subordinates, were purposively select...This paper examines female executives＇ experiences of contra-power sexual harassment （CPSH）. One hundred and fifteen respondents, consisting of 67 female executives and 48 male subordinates, were purposively selected. Both quantitative and qualitative data were utilized. Female executives perceived and experienced three out of the 11 acts-male subordinates grabbing their groins before female executives, male subordinates bragging about their sexual organs as hefty before female executives, and male subordinates bragging about their prowess in bed before female executives-as most sexually harassing And 35~6 of the male respondents reported that they grabbed their groins before female executives, 60.4% bragged of the size of their sexual organs, and 52.1% bragged of their prowess in bed. The focused group discussions （FGDs） revealed that CPSH may induce low job satisfaction, job commitment and reduced productivity, increase feelings of loss of control over the body, destroy gender identity, and increase the tendency to quit the job. Female executives ignored the acts and maintained strict formal relationships with their male subordinates as ways of coping with the acts. Conclusively, as powerful as female executives are in position of authority, they are still powerless as regards CPHS.展开更多
Background and Aims:We aimed to perform a network meta-analysis(NWM)to examine comparative effectiveness of non-selective beta blockers(NSBBs)on prophylaxis of gastroesophageal variceal bleeding(GVB)and mortality bene...Background and Aims:We aimed to perform a network meta-analysis(NWM)to examine comparative effectiveness of non-selective beta blockers(NSBBs)on prophylaxis of gastroesophageal variceal bleeding(GVB)and mortality benefit.Methods:MEDLINE(OVID)and EMBASE databases were searched for eligible randomized clinical trials(RCTs)from inception to July 3,2021.Outcomes of interest included primary/secondary prophylaxis of GVB,failure to achieve hepatic venous pressure gradient(HVPG)decremental response,liver-related and all-cause mortality.A Bayesian NWM was performed to derive relative risk(RR)with 95%credible intervals(CrIs).The ranking probability of each NSBB was assessed by surface under cumulative ranking curve(SUCRA).Results:Thirty-three RCTs including 3,188 cirrhosis patients with gastroesophageal varices were included.Compared with placebo,nadolol ranked first for reducing variceal bleeding[RR:0.25,(95%CrI:0.11–0.51);SUCRA:0.898],followed by carvedilol[RR:0.33,(95%CrI:0.11–0.88);SUCRA:0.692]and propranolol[RR:0.52,(95%CrI:0.37–0.75);SUCRA:0.405].Carvedilol was more effective than propranolol in achieving HVPG decremental response[RR:0.43,(95%CrI:0.26–0.69)].Carvedilol ranked first for reducing all-cause mortality[RR:0.32,(95%CrI:0.17–0.57);SUCRA:0.963],followed by nadolol[RR:0.48,(95%CI:0.29–0.77);SUCRA:0.688],and propranolol[RR:0.77,(95%CI:0.58–1.02);SUCRA:0.337].Similar findings were observed for liver-related mortality.Carvedilol ranked the safest.The RR of adverse events was 4.38,(95%CrI:0.33–161.4);SUCRA:0.530,followed by propranolol[RR:7.54,(95%CrI:1.90–47.89);SUCRA:0.360],and nadolol[RR:18.24,(95%CrI:91.51–390.90);SUCRA:0.158].Conclusions:Carvedilol is the preferred NSBB with better survival benefit and lower occurrence of adverse events among patients with gastroesophageal varices.展开更多
文摘This paper examines female executives＇ experiences of contra-power sexual harassment （CPSH）. One hundred and fifteen respondents, consisting of 67 female executives and 48 male subordinates, were purposively selected. Both quantitative and qualitative data were utilized. Female executives perceived and experienced three out of the 11 acts-male subordinates grabbing their groins before female executives, male subordinates bragging about their sexual organs as hefty before female executives, and male subordinates bragging about their prowess in bed before female executives-as most sexually harassing And 35~6 of the male respondents reported that they grabbed their groins before female executives, 60.4% bragged of the size of their sexual organs, and 52.1% bragged of their prowess in bed. The focused group discussions （FGDs） revealed that CPSH may induce low job satisfaction, job commitment and reduced productivity, increase feelings of loss of control over the body, destroy gender identity, and increase the tendency to quit the job. Female executives ignored the acts and maintained strict formal relationships with their male subordinates as ways of coping with the acts. Conclusively, as powerful as female executives are in position of authority, they are still powerless as regards CPHS.
文摘Background and Aims:We aimed to perform a network meta-analysis(NWM)to examine comparative effectiveness of non-selective beta blockers(NSBBs)on prophylaxis of gastroesophageal variceal bleeding(GVB)and mortality benefit.Methods:MEDLINE(OVID)and EMBASE databases were searched for eligible randomized clinical trials(RCTs)from inception to July 3,2021.Outcomes of interest included primary/secondary prophylaxis of GVB,failure to achieve hepatic venous pressure gradient(HVPG)decremental response,liver-related and all-cause mortality.A Bayesian NWM was performed to derive relative risk(RR)with 95%credible intervals(CrIs).The ranking probability of each NSBB was assessed by surface under cumulative ranking curve(SUCRA).Results:Thirty-three RCTs including 3,188 cirrhosis patients with gastroesophageal varices were included.Compared with placebo,nadolol ranked first for reducing variceal bleeding[RR:0.25,(95%CrI:0.11–0.51);SUCRA:0.898],followed by carvedilol[RR:0.33,(95%CrI:0.11–0.88);SUCRA:0.692]and propranolol[RR:0.52,(95%CrI:0.37–0.75);SUCRA:0.405].Carvedilol was more effective than propranolol in achieving HVPG decremental response[RR:0.43,(95%CrI:0.26–0.69)].Carvedilol ranked first for reducing all-cause mortality[RR:0.32,(95%CrI:0.17–0.57);SUCRA:0.963],followed by nadolol[RR:0.48,(95%CI:0.29–0.77);SUCRA:0.688],and propranolol[RR:0.77,(95%CI:0.58–1.02);SUCRA:0.337].Similar findings were observed for liver-related mortality.Carvedilol ranked the safest.The RR of adverse events was 4.38,(95%CrI:0.33–161.4);SUCRA:0.530,followed by propranolol[RR:7.54,(95%CrI:1.90–47.89);SUCRA:0.360],and nadolol[RR:18.24,(95%CrI:91.51–390.90);SUCRA:0.158].Conclusions:Carvedilol is the preferred NSBB with better survival benefit and lower occurrence of adverse events among patients with gastroesophageal varices.
