Numerous arthropods evolve and optimize sensory systems, enabling them to effectively adapt complex and competitive habitats. Typically, scorpions can precisely perceive the prey location with the lowest metabolic rat...Numerous arthropods evolve and optimize sensory systems, enabling them to effectively adapt complex and competitive habitats. Typically, scorpions can precisely perceive the prey location with the lowest metabolic rate among invertebrates. This biological phenomenon contrasts sharply with engineered systems, which generally associates high accuracy with substantial energy consumption. Inspired by the Scorpion Compound Slit Sensilla (SCSS) with a stress field modulation strategy, a bionic positioning sensor with superior precision and minimal power consumption is developed for the first time, which utilizes the particular Minimum Positioning Units (MPUs) to efficiently locate vibration signals. The single MPU of the SCSS can recognize the direction of collinear loads by regulating the stress field distribution and further, the coupling action of three MPUs can realize all-angle vibration monitoring in plane. Experiments demonstrate that the bionic positioning sensor achieves 1.43 degrees of angle-error-free accuracy without additional energy supply. As a proof of concept, two bionic positioning sensors and machine learning algorithm are integrated to provide centimeter (cm)-accuracy target localization, ideally suited for the man-machine interaction. The novel design offers a new mechanism for the design of traditional positioning devices, improving precision and efficiency in both the meta-universe and real-world Internet-connected systems.展开更多
Transcranial magnetic stimulation(TMS)is a popular modulatory technique for the noninvasive diagnosis and therapy of neurological and psychiatric diseases.Unfortunately,current modulation strategies are only modestly ...Transcranial magnetic stimulation(TMS)is a popular modulatory technique for the noninvasive diagnosis and therapy of neurological and psychiatric diseases.Unfortunately,current modulation strategies are only modestly effective.The literature provides strong evidence that the modulatory effects of TMS vary depending on device components and stimulation protocols.These differential effects are important when designing precise modulatory strategies for clinical or research applications.Developments in TMS have been accompanied by advances in combining TMS with neuroimaging techniques,including electroencephalography,functional nearinfrared spectroscopy,functional magnetic resonance imaging,and positron emission tomography.Such studies appear particularly promising as they may not only allow us to probe affected brain areas during TMS but also seem to predict underlying research directions that may enable us to precisely target and remodel impaired cortices or circuits.However,few precise modulation strategies are available,and the long-term safety and efficacy of these strategies need to be confirmed.Here,we review the literature on possible technologies for precise modulation to highlight progress along with limitations with the goal of suggesting future directions for this field.展开更多
Despite intensive research,most neurodegenerative diseases cannot be cured and for some of them no treatment is available to increase survival or quality of life.Among the latter are prion diseases,fatal and transmiss...Despite intensive research,most neurodegenerative diseases cannot be cured and for some of them no treatment is available to increase survival or quality of life.Among the latter are prion diseases,fatal and transmissible neurodegenerative diseases of humans and other animals.展开更多
This paper presents a thorough design and comparative study of two popular control techniques, i.e., classical Proportional Integral (PI) and RST, for Matrix Converters (MCs) in terms of tracking the reference and rob...This paper presents a thorough design and comparative study of two popular control techniques, i.e., classical Proportional Integral (PI) and RST, for Matrix Converters (MCs) in terms of tracking the reference and robustness. The output signal of MCs is directly affected by unbalanced grid voltage. Some research works have attempted to overcome this problem with PI control. However, this technique is known to offer lower performance when it is used in complex and nonlinear systems. On the other hand, RST control offers better performance, even in case of highly nonlinear systems. Therefore, the RST can achieve better performance to overcome the limitation of PI control of nonlinear systems. In this paper, a RST control method is proposed as output current controller to improve the performance of the MC powered by unbalanced grid voltage. The overall operating principle, Venturini modulation strategy of MC, PI control and characteristics of RST are presented.展开更多
In the medium voltage direct current(MVDC)transmission system,a small number of MMC sub modules will reduce the power quality.In this paper,based on the research background of Photovoltaic Medium VoltageDirect Current...In the medium voltage direct current(MVDC)transmission system,a small number of MMC sub modules will reduce the power quality.In this paper,based on the research background of Photovoltaic Medium VoltageDirect Current(PV-MVDC)system,aHybrid Modulation Strategy based on theDecoupledDouble SynchronousReference Frame(DDSRF)control strategy is proposed.The dual armcomplementary hybrid modulation combining nearest-level-SPWM(NL-SPWM)can keep the number of SMs in the ON state constant.Then,the corresponding voltage sharing control algorithm of sub module(SM)is introduced.Through theoretical calculation,the modulation strategy can be found to stabilize the DC voltage and reduce the harmonic content.A32-level MMC systemhas been developed to verity that the proposed hybrid modulation strategy and its SM voltage sharing algorithm have the advantages of restraining circulating current and maintaining capacitor voltage balance.展开更多
The full-bridge converters usually use transformer leakage inductance and parallel resonant capacitors to achieve smooth current commutation and soft switching functions,which can easily cause problems such as energy ...The full-bridge converters usually use transformer leakage inductance and parallel resonant capacitors to achieve smooth current commutation and soft switching functions,which can easily cause problems such as energy leakage and significant duty cycle loss.This paper designs a novel full-bridge zero-current(FB-ZCS)converter with series resonant capacitors and proposes a frequency and phase-shift synthesis modulation(FPSSM)control strategy based on this topology.Compared with the traditional parallel resonant capacitor circuit,the passive components used are significantly reduced,the structure is simple,and there is only a slight energy loss.By controlling the charging time of the capacitor,it can be achieved without additional switches or auxiliary circuits.The automatic control of capacitor energy based on input current addresses the low efficiency of the traditional control strategies.This paper introduces its principle in detail and verifies it through simulation.Finally,an experimental prototype was built further to demonstrate the feasibility of the theory through experiments.The module can be applied to a photovoltaic DC collection system using input parallel output series(IPOS)cascade to provide a new topology for large-scale,long-distance DC transmission.展开更多
Based on multi-module-cascaded inverter topology, this study presented a universal multilevel inverter hybrid topology and unified the researches on multilevel inverter topology. According to the freedom of this unive...Based on multi-module-cascaded inverter topology, this study presented a universal multilevel inverter hybrid topology and unified the researches on multilevel inverter topology. According to the freedom of this universal topology, several new hybrid topologies were constructed. Also, based on conventional modulation strategies- multi-carrier SPWM (Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation), hybrid modulation strategies were introduced corresponding to hybrid topologies, and a multilevel SVPWM (Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation) technique based on phase-shifted theory was naturally produced. Simulation and experiment results prove that hybrid topologies and corresponding modulation strategies are valid, which lay a foundation for practical application of hybrid multilevel inverter topologies.展开更多
This study proposes a novel visual maintenance method for photovoltaic(PV)modules based on a two-stage Wiener degradation model,addressing the limitations of traditional PV maintenance strategies that often result in ...This study proposes a novel visual maintenance method for photovoltaic(PV)modules based on a two-stage Wiener degradation model,addressing the limitations of traditional PV maintenance strategies that often result in insufficient or excessive maintenance.The approach begins by constructing a two-stage Wiener process performance degradation model and a remaining life prediction model under perfect maintenance conditions using historical degradation data of PV modules.This enables accurate determination of the optimal timing for postfailure corrective maintenance.To optimize the maintenance strategy,the study establishes a comprehensive cost model aimed at minimizing the long-term average cost rate.The model considers multiple cost factors,including inspection costs,preventive maintenance costs,restorative maintenance costs,and penalty costs associated with delayed fault detection.Through this optimization framework,the method determines both the optimal maintenance threshold and the ideal timing for predictive maintenance actions.Comparative analysis demonstrates that the twostage Wiener model provides superior fitting performance compared to conventional linear and nonlinear degradation models.When evaluated against traditional maintenance approaches,including Wiener process-based corrective maintenance strategies and static periodic maintenance strategies,the proposed method demonstrates significant advantages in reducing overall operational costs while extending the effective service life of PV components.The method achieves these improvements through effective coordination between reliability optimization and economic benefit maximization,leading to enhanced power generation performance.These results indicate that the proposed approach offers a more balanced and efficient solution for PV system maintenance.展开更多
Recent advancements in thermal conductivity modulating strategies have shown promising enhancements to the thermal management capabilities of two-dimensional materials.In this article,both the iterative Boltzmann tran...Recent advancements in thermal conductivity modulating strategies have shown promising enhancements to the thermal management capabilities of two-dimensional materials.In this article,both the iterative Boltzmann transport equation solution and the two-temperature model were employed to investigate the efficacy of targeted phonon excitation applied to hexagonal boron nitride(hBN).The results indicate significant modifications to hBN's thermal conductivity,achieving increases of up to 30.1%as well as decreases of up to 59.8%.These findings validate the reliability of the strategy,expand its scope of applicability,and establish it as a powerful tool for tailoring thermal properties across a wider range of fields.展开更多
The green production of hydrogen from electrocatalytic water splitting is an important base and promising direction for the future of the large-scale application of hydrogen energy.The key of green hydrogen evolution ...The green production of hydrogen from electrocatalytic water splitting is an important base and promising direction for the future of the large-scale application of hydrogen energy.The key of green hydrogen evolution depends on the development of low-cost and highly active electrocatalysts.Molybdenum carbides(MoxC),as a typical of earth-abundant transition-metal material,have accumulated great attention due to their low cost,earth abundance,electrical conductivity,similar d-band state to Pt,and regulated morphology/electronic structures.In this paper,recent researches focusing on MoxC for efficient HER in a wide pH range are summarized from respects of modulation of unique morphology,electronic structure,and electrode interface step by step.Briefly,modulation of morphology influence the apparent activity of catalyst,modulation of electronic structure of active sites by heteroatom doping and designing heterointerface boost intrinsic HER kinetics,and modulation of electrode interface via hybridization of MoxC structures with carbon materials can ensure the fast electron transfer and boost the activity.Besides the above methods discussed,perspective and challenges of designing MoxC as the substitute of Pt-based electrocatalyst for practical hydrogen generation in a wide pH range are pointed out.展开更多
A novel approach （HGO-EAC） for hybrid genetic op-timization （GO） with elite ant colony （EAC） is proposed for the automatic modulation recognition of communication signals,through which we improve the basic ant c...A novel approach （HGO-EAC） for hybrid genetic op-timization （GO） with elite ant colony （EAC） is proposed for the automatic modulation recognition of communication signals,through which we improve the basic ant colony algorithms by referencing elite strategy and present a new fusion strategy for genetic optimization and elite ant colony. This approach is used to train the neural networks as the classifier for modulation. Simula-tion results indicate good performance on an additive white Gaus-sian noise （AWGN） channel,with recognition rate reaching to 70% especially for CW even at signal-to-noise ratios as low as 5 dB. This approach can achieve a high recognition rate for the typical modulations such as CW,4ASK,4FSK,BPSK,and QAM16. Test result shows that it has better performance than BP algorithm and basic ant colony algorithms by achieving faster training and stronger robustness.展开更多
E-Business now is developing fast in China and the development of E-Business strategy is crucial as the right strategy can make the E-Business select the correct direction and get a better development. In this paper, ...E-Business now is developing fast in China and the development of E-Business strategy is crucial as the right strategy can make the E-Business select the correct direction and get a better development. In this paper, combined with SWOT parameters module, we will make a thorough research on the strategies used by Vip.eom from different angles. After this research, we will have a good understanding of strategies used by VIP website and learn to make better decisions in the e-business world.展开更多
An overly exuberant immune response,characterized by a cytokine storm and uncontrolled inflammation,has been identified as a significant driver of severe coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)cases.Consequently,decipherin...An overly exuberant immune response,characterized by a cytokine storm and uncontrolled inflammation,has been identified as a significant driver of severe coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)cases.Consequently,deciphering the intricacies of immune dysregulation in COVID-19 is imperative to identify specific targets for intervention and modulation.With these delicate dynamics in mind,immunomodulatory therapies have emerged as a promising avenue for miti-gating the challenges posed by COVID-19.Precision in manipulating immune pathways presents an opportunity to alter the host response,optimizing antiviral defenses while curbing deleterious inflammation.This review article compre-hensively analyzes immunomodulatory interventions in managing COVID-19.We explore diverse approaches to mitigating the hyperactive immune response and its impact,from corticosteroids and non-steroidal drugs to targeted biologics,including anti-viral drugs,cytokine inhibitors,JAK inhibitors,convalescent plasma,monoclonal antibodies(mAbs)to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2,cell-based therapies(i.e.,CAR T,etc.).By summarizing the current evidence,we aim to provide a clear roadmap for clinicians and researchers navigating the complex landscape of immunomodulation in COVID-19 treatment.CS Glucocorticoids are among the most widely prescribed drugs with their immune-suppressive and anti-inflammatory effect[84].The current guidelines for the treatment of COVID-19 recommend against the use of dexamethasone or other systemic CS in non-hospitalized patients in the absence of another indication[70].The RECOVERY trial demonstrates the reduced 28-d mortality among hospitalized patients with COVID-19 using dexamethasone compared to the usual standard of care,along with other investigators,such as Ahmed and Hassan[85].The benefit of dexamethasone was seen only among participants receiving either oxygen alone or invasive mechanical ventilation at randomization but not among those receiving no respiratory support at enrollment[85].In a systematic review and meta-analysis,Albuquerque et al[86]showed that in comparison to tocilizumab,baricitinib,and sarilumab are associated with high probabilities of similar mortality reductions among hospitalized COVID-19 concurrently treated with CS.As a result of the absence of SARS-CoV-2-specific antiviral medications,the effectiveness of COVID-19 treatments is reduced.Several COVID-19 therapies are now under investigation.However,the majority of them lack specificity,efficacy,and safety[87].Immunotherapy is a ground-breaking medical treatment that manipulates the immune system to fight diseases.Translational research is rapidly progressing,recognized as a significant breakthrough in 2013[88].Among the immunotherapeutic options for treating COVID-19 are Immunoglobulin,CP,antibodies,mAbs(mAbs),NK cells,T cells,TLR,cytokine therapies and immune modulators.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52175269)the Foundation for Innovative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52021003)+2 种基金Science and Technology Research Project of Education Department of Jilin Province(JJKH20231146KJ,JJKH20241262KJ)Project ZR2024ME104 supported by Shandong Provincial Natural Science FoundationChina Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2024M751086).
文摘Numerous arthropods evolve and optimize sensory systems, enabling them to effectively adapt complex and competitive habitats. Typically, scorpions can precisely perceive the prey location with the lowest metabolic rate among invertebrates. This biological phenomenon contrasts sharply with engineered systems, which generally associates high accuracy with substantial energy consumption. Inspired by the Scorpion Compound Slit Sensilla (SCSS) with a stress field modulation strategy, a bionic positioning sensor with superior precision and minimal power consumption is developed for the first time, which utilizes the particular Minimum Positioning Units (MPUs) to efficiently locate vibration signals. The single MPU of the SCSS can recognize the direction of collinear loads by regulating the stress field distribution and further, the coupling action of three MPUs can realize all-angle vibration monitoring in plane. Experiments demonstrate that the bionic positioning sensor achieves 1.43 degrees of angle-error-free accuracy without additional energy supply. As a proof of concept, two bionic positioning sensors and machine learning algorithm are integrated to provide centimeter (cm)-accuracy target localization, ideally suited for the man-machine interaction. The novel design offers a new mechanism for the design of traditional positioning devices, improving precision and efficiency in both the meta-universe and real-world Internet-connected systems.
基金the Chinese Academy of Sciences,Science and Technology Service Network Initiative(KFJ-STS-ZDTP-078)the National Natural Science Foun-dation of China(31620103905)+1 种基金the Science Frontier Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(QYZDJ SSW-SMC019)the National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFA0105203)。
文摘Transcranial magnetic stimulation(TMS)is a popular modulatory technique for the noninvasive diagnosis and therapy of neurological and psychiatric diseases.Unfortunately,current modulation strategies are only modestly effective.The literature provides strong evidence that the modulatory effects of TMS vary depending on device components and stimulation protocols.These differential effects are important when designing precise modulatory strategies for clinical or research applications.Developments in TMS have been accompanied by advances in combining TMS with neuroimaging techniques,including electroencephalography,functional nearinfrared spectroscopy,functional magnetic resonance imaging,and positron emission tomography.Such studies appear particularly promising as they may not only allow us to probe affected brain areas during TMS but also seem to predict underlying research directions that may enable us to precisely target and remodel impaired cortices or circuits.However,few precise modulation strategies are available,and the long-term safety and efficacy of these strategies need to be confirmed.Here,we review the literature on possible technologies for precise modulation to highlight progress along with limitations with the goal of suggesting future directions for this field.
基金funded by grants from the Alberta Prion Research Institutethe Alzheimer Society of Alberta and Northwest Territories+2 种基金the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council(NSERC)of Canadasupported by the Canada Research Chair programa postdoctoral fellowship from the German Research Foundation(DFG)
文摘Despite intensive research,most neurodegenerative diseases cannot be cured and for some of them no treatment is available to increase survival or quality of life.Among the latter are prion diseases,fatal and transmissible neurodegenerative diseases of humans and other animals.
文摘This paper presents a thorough design and comparative study of two popular control techniques, i.e., classical Proportional Integral (PI) and RST, for Matrix Converters (MCs) in terms of tracking the reference and robustness. The output signal of MCs is directly affected by unbalanced grid voltage. Some research works have attempted to overcome this problem with PI control. However, this technique is known to offer lower performance when it is used in complex and nonlinear systems. On the other hand, RST control offers better performance, even in case of highly nonlinear systems. Therefore, the RST can achieve better performance to overcome the limitation of PI control of nonlinear systems. In this paper, a RST control method is proposed as output current controller to improve the performance of the MC powered by unbalanced grid voltage. The overall operating principle, Venturini modulation strategy of MC, PI control and characteristics of RST are presented.
基金This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Project of China(2018YFB0905803).
文摘In the medium voltage direct current(MVDC)transmission system,a small number of MMC sub modules will reduce the power quality.In this paper,based on the research background of Photovoltaic Medium VoltageDirect Current(PV-MVDC)system,aHybrid Modulation Strategy based on theDecoupledDouble SynchronousReference Frame(DDSRF)control strategy is proposed.The dual armcomplementary hybrid modulation combining nearest-level-SPWM(NL-SPWM)can keep the number of SMs in the ON state constant.Then,the corresponding voltage sharing control algorithm of sub module(SM)is introduced.Through theoretical calculation,the modulation strategy can be found to stabilize the DC voltage and reduce the harmonic content.A32-level MMC systemhas been developed to verity that the proposed hybrid modulation strategy and its SM voltage sharing algorithm have the advantages of restraining circulating current and maintaining capacitor voltage balance.
基金This work was supported by the Key R&D Program of Tianjin(No.20YFYSGX00060).
文摘The full-bridge converters usually use transformer leakage inductance and parallel resonant capacitors to achieve smooth current commutation and soft switching functions,which can easily cause problems such as energy leakage and significant duty cycle loss.This paper designs a novel full-bridge zero-current(FB-ZCS)converter with series resonant capacitors and proposes a frequency and phase-shift synthesis modulation(FPSSM)control strategy based on this topology.Compared with the traditional parallel resonant capacitor circuit,the passive components used are significantly reduced,the structure is simple,and there is only a slight energy loss.By controlling the charging time of the capacitor,it can be achieved without additional switches or auxiliary circuits.The automatic control of capacitor energy based on input current addresses the low efficiency of the traditional control strategies.This paper introduces its principle in detail and verifies it through simulation.Finally,an experimental prototype was built further to demonstrate the feasibility of the theory through experiments.The module can be applied to a photovoltaic DC collection system using input parallel output series(IPOS)cascade to provide a new topology for large-scale,long-distance DC transmission.
文摘Based on multi-module-cascaded inverter topology, this study presented a universal multilevel inverter hybrid topology and unified the researches on multilevel inverter topology. According to the freedom of this universal topology, several new hybrid topologies were constructed. Also, based on conventional modulation strategies- multi-carrier SPWM (Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation), hybrid modulation strategies were introduced corresponding to hybrid topologies, and a multilevel SVPWM (Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation) technique based on phase-shifted theory was naturally produced. Simulation and experiment results prove that hybrid topologies and corresponding modulation strategies are valid, which lay a foundation for practical application of hybrid multilevel inverter topologies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51767017)the Basic Research Innovation Group Project of Gansu Province(18JR3RA133)the Industrial Support and Guidance Project of Universities in Gansu Province(2022CYZC-22).
文摘This study proposes a novel visual maintenance method for photovoltaic(PV)modules based on a two-stage Wiener degradation model,addressing the limitations of traditional PV maintenance strategies that often result in insufficient or excessive maintenance.The approach begins by constructing a two-stage Wiener process performance degradation model and a remaining life prediction model under perfect maintenance conditions using historical degradation data of PV modules.This enables accurate determination of the optimal timing for postfailure corrective maintenance.To optimize the maintenance strategy,the study establishes a comprehensive cost model aimed at minimizing the long-term average cost rate.The model considers multiple cost factors,including inspection costs,preventive maintenance costs,restorative maintenance costs,and penalty costs associated with delayed fault detection.Through this optimization framework,the method determines both the optimal maintenance threshold and the ideal timing for predictive maintenance actions.Comparative analysis demonstrates that the twostage Wiener model provides superior fitting performance compared to conventional linear and nonlinear degradation models.When evaluated against traditional maintenance approaches,including Wiener process-based corrective maintenance strategies and static periodic maintenance strategies,the proposed method demonstrates significant advantages in reducing overall operational costs while extending the effective service life of PV components.The method achieves these improvements through effective coordination between reliability optimization and economic benefit maximization,leading to enhanced power generation performance.These results indicate that the proposed approach offers a more balanced and efficient solution for PV system maintenance.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Project of China(Grant No.2018YFE0127800)。
文摘Recent advancements in thermal conductivity modulating strategies have shown promising enhancements to the thermal management capabilities of two-dimensional materials.In this article,both the iterative Boltzmann transport equation solution and the two-temperature model were employed to investigate the efficacy of targeted phonon excitation applied to hexagonal boron nitride(hBN).The results indicate significant modifications to hBN's thermal conductivity,achieving increases of up to 30.1%as well as decreases of up to 59.8%.These findings validate the reliability of the strategy,expand its scope of applicability,and establish it as a powerful tool for tailoring thermal properties across a wider range of fields.
基金financial support from Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(ZR2017MB059)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21776314)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(18CX05016A)。
文摘The green production of hydrogen from electrocatalytic water splitting is an important base and promising direction for the future of the large-scale application of hydrogen energy.The key of green hydrogen evolution depends on the development of low-cost and highly active electrocatalysts.Molybdenum carbides(MoxC),as a typical of earth-abundant transition-metal material,have accumulated great attention due to their low cost,earth abundance,electrical conductivity,similar d-band state to Pt,and regulated morphology/electronic structures.In this paper,recent researches focusing on MoxC for efficient HER in a wide pH range are summarized from respects of modulation of unique morphology,electronic structure,and electrode interface step by step.Briefly,modulation of morphology influence the apparent activity of catalyst,modulation of electronic structure of active sites by heteroatom doping and designing heterointerface boost intrinsic HER kinetics,and modulation of electrode interface via hybridization of MoxC structures with carbon materials can ensure the fast electron transfer and boost the activity.Besides the above methods discussed,perspective and challenges of designing MoxC as the substitute of Pt-based electrocatalyst for practical hydrogen generation in a wide pH range are pointed out.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41001195)
文摘A novel approach （HGO-EAC） for hybrid genetic op-timization （GO） with elite ant colony （EAC） is proposed for the automatic modulation recognition of communication signals,through which we improve the basic ant colony algorithms by referencing elite strategy and present a new fusion strategy for genetic optimization and elite ant colony. This approach is used to train the neural networks as the classifier for modulation. Simula-tion results indicate good performance on an additive white Gaus-sian noise （AWGN） channel,with recognition rate reaching to 70% especially for CW even at signal-to-noise ratios as low as 5 dB. This approach can achieve a high recognition rate for the typical modulations such as CW,4ASK,4FSK,BPSK,and QAM16. Test result shows that it has better performance than BP algorithm and basic ant colony algorithms by achieving faster training and stronger robustness.
文摘E-Business now is developing fast in China and the development of E-Business strategy is crucial as the right strategy can make the E-Business select the correct direction and get a better development. In this paper, combined with SWOT parameters module, we will make a thorough research on the strategies used by Vip.eom from different angles. After this research, we will have a good understanding of strategies used by VIP website and learn to make better decisions in the e-business world.
基金Supported by the European Union-Next Generation EU,through the National Recovery and Resilience Plan of the Republic of Bulgaria,No.BG-RRP-2.004-0008.
文摘An overly exuberant immune response,characterized by a cytokine storm and uncontrolled inflammation,has been identified as a significant driver of severe coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)cases.Consequently,deciphering the intricacies of immune dysregulation in COVID-19 is imperative to identify specific targets for intervention and modulation.With these delicate dynamics in mind,immunomodulatory therapies have emerged as a promising avenue for miti-gating the challenges posed by COVID-19.Precision in manipulating immune pathways presents an opportunity to alter the host response,optimizing antiviral defenses while curbing deleterious inflammation.This review article compre-hensively analyzes immunomodulatory interventions in managing COVID-19.We explore diverse approaches to mitigating the hyperactive immune response and its impact,from corticosteroids and non-steroidal drugs to targeted biologics,including anti-viral drugs,cytokine inhibitors,JAK inhibitors,convalescent plasma,monoclonal antibodies(mAbs)to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2,cell-based therapies(i.e.,CAR T,etc.).By summarizing the current evidence,we aim to provide a clear roadmap for clinicians and researchers navigating the complex landscape of immunomodulation in COVID-19 treatment.CS Glucocorticoids are among the most widely prescribed drugs with their immune-suppressive and anti-inflammatory effect[84].The current guidelines for the treatment of COVID-19 recommend against the use of dexamethasone or other systemic CS in non-hospitalized patients in the absence of another indication[70].The RECOVERY trial demonstrates the reduced 28-d mortality among hospitalized patients with COVID-19 using dexamethasone compared to the usual standard of care,along with other investigators,such as Ahmed and Hassan[85].The benefit of dexamethasone was seen only among participants receiving either oxygen alone or invasive mechanical ventilation at randomization but not among those receiving no respiratory support at enrollment[85].In a systematic review and meta-analysis,Albuquerque et al[86]showed that in comparison to tocilizumab,baricitinib,and sarilumab are associated with high probabilities of similar mortality reductions among hospitalized COVID-19 concurrently treated with CS.As a result of the absence of SARS-CoV-2-specific antiviral medications,the effectiveness of COVID-19 treatments is reduced.Several COVID-19 therapies are now under investigation.However,the majority of them lack specificity,efficacy,and safety[87].Immunotherapy is a ground-breaking medical treatment that manipulates the immune system to fight diseases.Translational research is rapidly progressing,recognized as a significant breakthrough in 2013[88].Among the immunotherapeutic options for treating COVID-19 are Immunoglobulin,CP,antibodies,mAbs(mAbs),NK cells,T cells,TLR,cytokine therapies and immune modulators.
