The wind environment serves as an important indicator of the comfort level of the human settlement environment.A favorable wind environment in courtyards can offer residents a better living and activity environment.Ba...The wind environment serves as an important indicator of the comfort level of the human settlement environment.A favorable wind environment in courtyards can offer residents a better living and activity environment.Based on the Climatic Suitability Evaluating on Human Settlement,this study employs Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD)simulation analysis to evaluate the wind environment comfort in rural courtyards,and elucidates the interactions between various factors influencing the courtyard wind environment and the courtyard wind environment.It is anticipated that the findings of this study will serve as a valuable reference for the renovation and new construction of rural houses,with a focus on optimizing the wind environment.展开更多
This study focuses on the three courtyards located in the eastern,central,and western sections of the Tongzhou Campus of Renmin University of China.Adopting a functional differentiation perspective,the research system...This study focuses on the three courtyards located in the eastern,central,and western sections of the Tongzhou Campus of Renmin University of China.Adopting a functional differentiation perspective,the research systematically analyzes the patterns of plant diversity within courtyards characterized by distinct functional orientations.This analysis employs various plant species diversity indices,including the Patrick richness index,Simpson dominance index,Shannon-Wiener diversity index,and Pielou evenness index,alongside a classification of functional plant types,namely ornamental,ecological regulation,spatial shaping,and recreational assistance.The results indicate that the east courtyard presents the highest Patrick species richness(S=42),predominantly comprising spatial shaping and recreational assistance plants,which are wellsuited for recreational and passage functions.Conversely,the central courtyard exhibits the lowest Patrick species richness(S=19),characterized by a balanced distribution of functional types,with an emphasis on public display and traffic guidance.The west courtyard demonstrates the greatest stability in the tree layer(D=0.87),featuring a combination of shade-tolerant and ornamental plants that fulfill the requirements for a tranquil and naturalistic environment.One-way analysis of variance reveals that only Patrick species richness differs significantly among the courtyards(P=0.007),whereas the diversity index does not show a significant difference.This finding suggests that functional requirements precisely regulate diversity through microhabitat heterogeneity and plant configuration strategies.This study offers both a theoretical foundation and practical guidance for the plant configuration and functional optimization of small-scale courtyards on campus.展开更多
In order to comply with the development trend of the multifunctional use of peppers,we conducted an investigation into the characteristics and features of varieties,potting management techniques,and the methods of ext...In order to comply with the development trend of the multifunctional use of peppers,we conducted an investigation into the characteristics and features of varieties,potting management techniques,and the methods of extending the fruit ornamental period and other aspects of courtyard ornamental and edible peppers.A set of cultivation techniques suitable for courtyard ornamental and edible peppers has been developed,including timely sowing and seedling,nutrient soil preparation,water and fertilizer management,trimming and pruning,preservation of flowers and fruits,green prevention and control of diseases and pests,harvesting,and so on.展开更多
By taking Sanyi Village in Guanzhong Area of Shaanxi Province for example,the paper analyzed evolution of morphological structure of courtyard landscape,and tried to analyze its happening condition,so as to search for...By taking Sanyi Village in Guanzhong Area of Shaanxi Province for example,the paper analyzed evolution of morphological structure of courtyard landscape,and tried to analyze its happening condition,so as to search for inherent law of development and evolution of courtyard landscape structure of rural settlement,explore the formation worth keeping and regaining during evolution process.Based on protection of original courtyard landscape morphological structure of traditional rural settlement,it made an attempt to establish a new method to guide the construction of settlement landscape at new period,realizing sustainable and virtuous cycle development mode.展开更多
The traditional houses with various forms in Henan province experienced thousands of years.Its courtyard appearance which changes greatly can be summarized into four types:quadrangle,three-section compound,kiln housin...The traditional houses with various forms in Henan province experienced thousands of years.Its courtyard appearance which changes greatly can be summarized into four types:quadrangle,three-section compound,kiln housing and mountainous housing.In this paper,the courtyard of the showing width of 1-2 rooms are called the narrow-type courtyard,with 2-3 rooms are called the wide-type courtyard,with less one room is called very narrow-type courtyard,and with over three rooms are called very wide-type courtyard.展开更多
Through analysis on courtyard space in Jiaodong and based on existing residences,field study was conducted,so as to explore pervasive and primitive aesthetic value,practical significance and sustainability of traditio...Through analysis on courtyard space in Jiaodong and based on existing residences,field study was conducted,so as to explore pervasive and primitive aesthetic value,practical significance and sustainability of traditional residences,and provide theoretical and practical basis for design of new residences with ecological value.展开更多
In response to the needs of landscape construction in the new countryside of west China,this paper takes Sanyi Village in Guanzhong area for example,from the combined perspective of modern landscape and traditional lo...In response to the needs of landscape construction in the new countryside of west China,this paper takes Sanyi Village in Guanzhong area for example,from the combined perspective of modern landscape and traditional local culture,explores micro-evolution laws of rural courtyard landscapes in Guanzhong Area.By finding out the reasonable aspects as land use,layout and decoration,and the unreasonable aspects as material,texture and green cultivation,in the landscape micro-evolution of rural settlement courtyard,it tries to guide the landscape planning,provide some brief construction methods,focus on the"step by step"safeguarding and introductory development mode,explore tangible and intangible elements of landscape culture in rural settlements,and play the potentials of rural dwellings in courtyard landscape construction,so as to solve the conflict between conservation and development in rural settlements.展开更多
After the illustration of the development of quadrangle courtyards,the paper has analyzed the emergence of square architectural form and the formation of axial symmetrical pattern with the hall in the front and room a...After the illustration of the development of quadrangle courtyards,the paper has analyzed the emergence of square architectural form and the formation of axial symmetrical pattern with the hall in the front and room at the back and with wing rooms on the left and right side.It has analyzed the formation,development,climax,damage and inheritance of quadrangle courtyard,and considered that it could manifest Chinese traditional humanistic idea and aesthetic idea,and is in possession of profound cultural connotation and regional feature.On this basis,causes for quadrangle courtyards have been studied.The primary cause at the initial stage lies in human body structure theory and the perfection of quadrangle courtyards at later stage depends on ethic order theory.展开更多
Danfu Courtyard is a national AAAA-class scenic area integrating relics collection, culture exchange and sightseeing in Chaozhou City. However, there are some problems on afforestation. The research conducted a field ...Danfu Courtyard is a national AAAA-class scenic area integrating relics collection, culture exchange and sightseeing in Chaozhou City. However, there are some problems on afforestation. The research conducted a field survey on status quo of afforestation there to analyze the advantages and disadvantages and proposed suggestions on enriching plant diversity, phytocoenosium and scenic spot characters in order to advance coordinated development of cultural and natural land- scapes in the scenic spot.展开更多
In the research, buildings and landscapes in new countryside in northern Suzhou plain were explored and courtyard construction and landscape characteristics in Xuzhou were introduced and analyzed. Based on existing pr...In the research, buildings and landscapes in new countryside in northern Suzhou plain were explored and courtyard construction and landscape characteristics in Xuzhou were introduced and analyzed. Based on existing problems, some solu- tions were presented with consideration of natural resources and climates. Under guidance of sustainable development, a change is facilitated on the design thoughts to seek something new in design and practice, and some optimized schemes about building and landscapes were proposed as well.展开更多
Home courtyard agriculture is an important model of agricultural production on the Tibetan plateau. Be- cause of the sensitive and fragile plateau environment, it needs to have optimal performance characteristics, inc...Home courtyard agriculture is an important model of agricultural production on the Tibetan plateau. Be- cause of the sensitive and fragile plateau environment, it needs to have optimal performance characteristics, including high sustainability, low environmental pressure, and high economic benefit. Emergy analysis is a promising tool for evaluation of the environmental-economic performance of these production systems. In this study, emergy analysis was used to evaluate three courtyard agricultural production models： Raising Geese in Corn Fields （RGICF）, Con- ventional Corn Planting （CCP）, and Pea-Wheat Rotation （PWR）. The results showed that the RGICF model produced greater economic benefits, and had higher sustainability, lower environmental pressure, and higher product safety than the CCP and PWR models. The emergy yield ratio （EYR） and emergy self-support ratio （ESR） of RGICF were 0.66 and 0.11, respectively, lower than those of the CCP production model, and 0.99 and 0.08, respectively, lower than those of the PWR production model. The impact of RGICF （1.45） on the environment was lower than that of CCP （2.26） and PWR （2.46）. The emergy sustainable indices （ESIs） of RGICF were 1.07 and 1.02 times higher than those of CCP and PWR, respectively. With regard to the emergy index of product safety （EIPS）, RGICF had a higher safety index than those of CCP and PWR. Overall, our results suggest that the RGICF model is advantageous and provides higher environmental benefits than the CCP and PWR systems.展开更多
China is implementing the strategy of Rural Revitalization.Revitalizing idle and inefficient utilization courtyards is an important measure for rural revitalization.The evaluation of courtyard utilization efficiency i...China is implementing the strategy of Rural Revitalization.Revitalizing idle and inefficient utilization courtyards is an important measure for rural revitalization.The evaluation of courtyard utilization efficiency is the basis of determining the idle and inefficient utilization courtyards in order to revitalizing it.This study provided a reference for the optimal use of rural courtyard utilization and revitalization through the quantitative comprehensive evaluation of courtyard utilization efficiency and the classification of courtyard utilization types.Taking Shandong Province in Eastern China as study area,we selected eight surveyed villages by stratified sampling method.According to the scale of the villages,full survey and sample survey were used,while middleaged men who familiar with the courtyards were selected as the respondents.Through a household questionnaire survey and face-to-face interviews from2017 to 2018,578 questionnaires of rural courtyardsin eight villages were obtained.Then based on the functions of rural courtyard and land resource conditions,16 comprehensive factors were formulated,involving land conditions,construction conditions and economic benefits,to build the comprehensive evaluation index system of rural courtyard utilization efficiency.Next the index weight was determined by analytic hierarchy process,and the linear weighted regression model was used to evaluate the utilization efficiency of rural courtyard.Finally,the K-means clustering analysis was used to classify the utilization efficiency of courtyards.The results showed that among the eight villages,the average utilization efficiency of courtyards was moderate(one village was low,five were moderate,and two were high).The proportions of both idle and inefficiently utilized courtyards were high.There were three vital factors leading to the idle and low efficiency of rural courtyards.They were declining rural industries,limited arable land per capita,and more farmer workers.In this case,the utilization efficiency of courtyards should be improved by transferring rural land,developing secondary and tertiary industries,evaluating the development potential of villages,classifying and optimizing courtyard utilization,so as to make full use of idle and inefficient courtyards,increase the income of farmers and collectives and promote the revitalization of rural areas.展开更多
Different climatic zones should consider different architectural spatial organization forms when designing buildings. In this paper, the design scheme of Half Courtyard located in the Guanzhong Plain of Shaanxi is sel...Different climatic zones should consider different architectural spatial organization forms when designing buildings. In this paper, the design scheme of Half Courtyard located in the Guanzhong Plain of Shaanxi is selected for research to explore how to construct ecological elderly care buildings in cold regions. The design scheme has been proven to increase solar energy efficiency, add natural ventilation, improve the insulation performance of building envelopes, and create a comfortable indoor climate.展开更多
The effect of the courtyard on moderating the hush climate and improving the thermal environment of the courtyard style cave dwelling, and the interaction amongst the ambient, the courtyard and its surrounding cave ro...The effect of the courtyard on moderating the hush climate and improving the thermal environment of the courtyard style cave dwelling, and the interaction amongst the ambient, the courtyard and its surrounding cave rooms were investigated. A field measurement was carried out in such a typical dwelling in the winter. The results presented in this paper prove the ability of this dwelling to transform an extreme winter environment outside cave rooms into a better outdoor community space and will be helpful for modern architects to seek a low cost housing solution with concern for sustainable development.展开更多
Through investigating Tibetan courtyard landscapes in Linzhi City, Tibet, it was found that Tibetan courtyards attached more importance to flower plants and garden crops, focused on natural style and easy maintenance,...Through investigating Tibetan courtyard landscapes in Linzhi City, Tibet, it was found that Tibetan courtyards attached more importance to flower plants and garden crops, focused on natural style and easy maintenance, but not pruning; Tibetan courtyard landscaping valued shape, color, flower season and visual aesthetics of fl owers, tried to build "gardens" with fl ower confi guration as the major content, similar aesthetic concepts and landscaping style with European gardens; moreover, it paid more attention to plants, but not waterscape design; in Tibetan gardens, lawns occupied a secondary position next to fl owering plants, fruit trees and garden crops.展开更多
There are two types of typical traditional Chinese residential buildings:one is the dwellings in Anhui Province in South China,and the other is of course the merchants’grand courtyards in Shanxi Province in North Chi...There are two types of typical traditional Chinese residential buildings:one is the dwellings in Anhui Province in South China,and the other is of course the merchants’grand courtyards in Shanxi Province in North China.The grand courtyards in Shanxi Province are famous as they are deep and sumptuous,represented by those of Jin-Merchants(Jin,is short for Shanxi Province,and Jin-merchants refer to these businessmen in Shanxi Province.展开更多
Characteristics and differences of Chinese and westerners in cultural background,lifestyle,and psychological needs were analyzed,on the basis of which gardening arts in both regions explored,and trend of modern courty...Characteristics and differences of Chinese and westerners in cultural background,lifestyle,and psychological needs were analyzed,on the basis of which gardening arts in both regions explored,and trend of modern courtyard design summarized.Taking Hollister House Garden(Connecticut)and Taihe"Yard by Canal"(Beijing)for example,differences of modern Chinese and western yard designs were compared.展开更多
From the perspectives of physiology and psychology, this article not only analyzes the interrelation between landscape and sight, but also classifies and studies the courtyard landscape sight. According to the studies...From the perspectives of physiology and psychology, this article not only analyzes the interrelation between landscape and sight, but also classifies and studies the courtyard landscape sight. According to the studies of courtyard sight, courtyard space and courtyard construction, how to optimize the courtyard landscape construction is to be discussed to provide references for further researches and field applications.展开更多
This paper investigates residents living experience in the common courtyards of cooperative housing and cohousing in Canada,and their sense of happiness associated with it.Cooperative housing as a form of social housi...This paper investigates residents living experience in the common courtyards of cooperative housing and cohousing in Canada,and their sense of happiness associated with it.Cooperative housing as a form of social housing established in Toronto,Ontario,Canada as early as the 1910s.Cohousing as its subsequent name has evolved into a global movement since the 1960s,to promote residents sharing and caring for one another through active participation in community lives and cooperative management.A key feature of this housing is the inclusion of shared spaces,such as common courtyards.This research explored what make residents happy and/or unhappy in the common courtyards,and how to improve their living experience in the common courtyards.Semistructured interviews were conducted with 20 residents in three cooperative housing in Toronto and three cohousing across Canada.The findings suggest that the Courtyard is a central component to promote social happiness of residents.The paper contributes to the topic of Housing and Happiness that is rarely studied.It finally proposes a courtyard garden housing scheme that can be a template for universal application.The main conclusion is that there is a need for more courtyard configuration in contemporary Canadian urban planning and architectural design to promote community development.展开更多
By introducing two famous works of Mr.Zhang Kaiji in his later years,the reconstruction plan of Beijing Planetarium and the Museum of Chinese Revolution and the Museum of Chinese History,the paper analyzes the "c...By introducing two famous works of Mr.Zhang Kaiji in his later years,the reconstruction plan of Beijing Planetarium and the Museum of Chinese Revolution and the Museum of Chinese History,the paper analyzes the "courtyard·yard" space he once imagined in the modern city and large public buildings,and expounds the value and significance of his conception.The author believes that the expansion and transformation of important works should be based on historical research and centered on the spirit of space,and the intangible space outside of tangible entities should be carefully treated,so as to better complete the transmission of modern Chinese space experience.展开更多
文摘The wind environment serves as an important indicator of the comfort level of the human settlement environment.A favorable wind environment in courtyards can offer residents a better living and activity environment.Based on the Climatic Suitability Evaluating on Human Settlement,this study employs Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD)simulation analysis to evaluate the wind environment comfort in rural courtyards,and elucidates the interactions between various factors influencing the courtyard wind environment and the courtyard wind environment.It is anticipated that the findings of this study will serve as a valuable reference for the renovation and new construction of rural houses,with a focus on optimizing the wind environment.
基金Sponsored by 2025 Undergraduate Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program Project.
文摘This study focuses on the three courtyards located in the eastern,central,and western sections of the Tongzhou Campus of Renmin University of China.Adopting a functional differentiation perspective,the research systematically analyzes the patterns of plant diversity within courtyards characterized by distinct functional orientations.This analysis employs various plant species diversity indices,including the Patrick richness index,Simpson dominance index,Shannon-Wiener diversity index,and Pielou evenness index,alongside a classification of functional plant types,namely ornamental,ecological regulation,spatial shaping,and recreational assistance.The results indicate that the east courtyard presents the highest Patrick species richness(S=42),predominantly comprising spatial shaping and recreational assistance plants,which are wellsuited for recreational and passage functions.Conversely,the central courtyard exhibits the lowest Patrick species richness(S=19),characterized by a balanced distribution of functional types,with an emphasis on public display and traffic guidance.The west courtyard demonstrates the greatest stability in the tree layer(D=0.87),featuring a combination of shade-tolerant and ornamental plants that fulfill the requirements for a tranquil and naturalistic environment.One-way analysis of variance reveals that only Patrick species richness differs significantly among the courtyards(P=0.007),whereas the diversity index does not show a significant difference.This finding suggests that functional requirements precisely regulate diversity through microhabitat heterogeneity and plant configuration strategies.This study offers both a theoretical foundation and practical guidance for the plant configuration and functional optimization of small-scale courtyards on campus.
基金Supported by Changsha Science and Technology Program"Changsha Vegetable Science Popularization Base"Hunan High-tech Industry Science and Technology Innovation Leading Program"Innovation and Demonstration of Modern Green Building Aerial Ecological Courtyard Technology"(2022GK4065).
文摘In order to comply with the development trend of the multifunctional use of peppers,we conducted an investigation into the characteristics and features of varieties,potting management techniques,and the methods of extending the fruit ornamental period and other aspects of courtyard ornamental and edible peppers.A set of cultivation techniques suitable for courtyard ornamental and edible peppers has been developed,including timely sowing and seedling,nutrient soil preparation,water and fertilizer management,trimming and pruning,preservation of flowers and fruits,green prevention and control of diseases and pests,harvesting,and so on.
基金Supported by Sponsored Program of Education Department of Shaanxi Province(09JK136)~~
文摘By taking Sanyi Village in Guanzhong Area of Shaanxi Province for example,the paper analyzed evolution of morphological structure of courtyard landscape,and tried to analyze its happening condition,so as to search for inherent law of development and evolution of courtyard landscape structure of rural settlement,explore the formation worth keeping and regaining during evolution process.Based on protection of original courtyard landscape morphological structure of traditional rural settlement,it made an attempt to establish a new method to guide the construction of settlement landscape at new period,realizing sustainable and virtuous cycle development mode.
文摘The traditional houses with various forms in Henan province experienced thousands of years.Its courtyard appearance which changes greatly can be summarized into four types:quadrangle,three-section compound,kiln housing and mountainous housing.In this paper,the courtyard of the showing width of 1-2 rooms are called the narrow-type courtyard,with 2-3 rooms are called the wide-type courtyard,with less one room is called very narrow-type courtyard,and with over three rooms are called very wide-type courtyard.
文摘Through analysis on courtyard space in Jiaodong and based on existing residences,field study was conducted,so as to explore pervasive and primitive aesthetic value,practical significance and sustainability of traditional residences,and provide theoretical and practical basis for design of new residences with ecological value.
基金Supported by Program of Shannxi Provincial Department of Education(09JK136)~~
文摘In response to the needs of landscape construction in the new countryside of west China,this paper takes Sanyi Village in Guanzhong area for example,from the combined perspective of modern landscape and traditional local culture,explores micro-evolution laws of rural courtyard landscapes in Guanzhong Area.By finding out the reasonable aspects as land use,layout and decoration,and the unreasonable aspects as material,texture and green cultivation,in the landscape micro-evolution of rural settlement courtyard,it tries to guide the landscape planning,provide some brief construction methods,focus on the"step by step"safeguarding and introductory development mode,explore tangible and intangible elements of landscape culture in rural settlements,and play the potentials of rural dwellings in courtyard landscape construction,so as to solve the conflict between conservation and development in rural settlements.
文摘After the illustration of the development of quadrangle courtyards,the paper has analyzed the emergence of square architectural form and the formation of axial symmetrical pattern with the hall in the front and room at the back and with wing rooms on the left and right side.It has analyzed the formation,development,climax,damage and inheritance of quadrangle courtyard,and considered that it could manifest Chinese traditional humanistic idea and aesthetic idea,and is in possession of profound cultural connotation and regional feature.On this basis,causes for quadrangle courtyards have been studied.The primary cause at the initial stage lies in human body structure theory and the perfection of quadrangle courtyards at later stage depends on ethic order theory.
文摘Danfu Courtyard is a national AAAA-class scenic area integrating relics collection, culture exchange and sightseeing in Chaozhou City. However, there are some problems on afforestation. The research conducted a field survey on status quo of afforestation there to analyze the advantages and disadvantages and proposed suggestions on enriching plant diversity, phytocoenosium and scenic spot characters in order to advance coordinated development of cultural and natural land- scapes in the scenic spot.
文摘In the research, buildings and landscapes in new countryside in northern Suzhou plain were explored and courtyard construction and landscape characteristics in Xuzhou were introduced and analyzed. Based on existing problems, some solu- tions were presented with consideration of natural resources and climates. Under guidance of sustainable development, a change is facilitated on the design thoughts to seek something new in design and practice, and some optimized schemes about building and landscapes were proposed as well.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31201594)the Science and Technology Service Network Initiative of CAS(No.KFJ-EW-STS-073)the Development Platform of Wild Characteristic Biological Resources in Tibet Autonomous Region,China
文摘Home courtyard agriculture is an important model of agricultural production on the Tibetan plateau. Be- cause of the sensitive and fragile plateau environment, it needs to have optimal performance characteristics, including high sustainability, low environmental pressure, and high economic benefit. Emergy analysis is a promising tool for evaluation of the environmental-economic performance of these production systems. In this study, emergy analysis was used to evaluate three courtyard agricultural production models： Raising Geese in Corn Fields （RGICF）, Con- ventional Corn Planting （CCP）, and Pea-Wheat Rotation （PWR）. The results showed that the RGICF model produced greater economic benefits, and had higher sustainability, lower environmental pressure, and higher product safety than the CCP and PWR models. The emergy yield ratio （EYR） and emergy self-support ratio （ESR） of RGICF were 0.66 and 0.11, respectively, lower than those of the CCP production model, and 0.99 and 0.08, respectively, lower than those of the PWR production model. The impact of RGICF （1.45） on the environment was lower than that of CCP （2.26） and PWR （2.46）. The emergy sustainable indices （ESIs） of RGICF were 1.07 and 1.02 times higher than those of CCP and PWR, respectively. With regard to the emergy index of product safety （EIPS）, RGICF had a higher safety index than those of CCP and PWR. Overall, our results suggest that the RGICF model is advantageous and provides higher environmental benefits than the CCP and PWR systems.
文摘China is implementing the strategy of Rural Revitalization.Revitalizing idle and inefficient utilization courtyards is an important measure for rural revitalization.The evaluation of courtyard utilization efficiency is the basis of determining the idle and inefficient utilization courtyards in order to revitalizing it.This study provided a reference for the optimal use of rural courtyard utilization and revitalization through the quantitative comprehensive evaluation of courtyard utilization efficiency and the classification of courtyard utilization types.Taking Shandong Province in Eastern China as study area,we selected eight surveyed villages by stratified sampling method.According to the scale of the villages,full survey and sample survey were used,while middleaged men who familiar with the courtyards were selected as the respondents.Through a household questionnaire survey and face-to-face interviews from2017 to 2018,578 questionnaires of rural courtyardsin eight villages were obtained.Then based on the functions of rural courtyard and land resource conditions,16 comprehensive factors were formulated,involving land conditions,construction conditions and economic benefits,to build the comprehensive evaluation index system of rural courtyard utilization efficiency.Next the index weight was determined by analytic hierarchy process,and the linear weighted regression model was used to evaluate the utilization efficiency of rural courtyard.Finally,the K-means clustering analysis was used to classify the utilization efficiency of courtyards.The results showed that among the eight villages,the average utilization efficiency of courtyards was moderate(one village was low,five were moderate,and two were high).The proportions of both idle and inefficiently utilized courtyards were high.There were three vital factors leading to the idle and low efficiency of rural courtyards.They were declining rural industries,limited arable land per capita,and more farmer workers.In this case,the utilization efficiency of courtyards should be improved by transferring rural land,developing secondary and tertiary industries,evaluating the development potential of villages,classifying and optimizing courtyard utilization,so as to make full use of idle and inefficient courtyards,increase the income of farmers and collectives and promote the revitalization of rural areas.
基金Sponsored by Scientific Research Project of Shaanxi Provincial Department of Education(17JK0480)Industry-University Cooperation and Collaborative Education Project of the Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China(201802185013)Education and Teaching Reform and Research Project of Xi’an University of Science and Technology(JG18126)
文摘Different climatic zones should consider different architectural spatial organization forms when designing buildings. In this paper, the design scheme of Half Courtyard located in the Guanzhong Plain of Shaanxi is selected for research to explore how to construct ecological elderly care buildings in cold regions. The design scheme has been proven to increase solar energy efficiency, add natural ventilation, improve the insulation performance of building envelopes, and create a comfortable indoor climate.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (59638210).
文摘The effect of the courtyard on moderating the hush climate and improving the thermal environment of the courtyard style cave dwelling, and the interaction amongst the ambient, the courtyard and its surrounding cave rooms were investigated. A field measurement was carried out in such a typical dwelling in the winter. The results presented in this paper prove the ability of this dwelling to transform an extreme winter environment outside cave rooms into a better outdoor community space and will be helpful for modern architects to seek a low cost housing solution with concern for sustainable development.
基金Sponsored by Key Project of National Sci-Tech Support Plan(2013BAJ03B00)
文摘Through investigating Tibetan courtyard landscapes in Linzhi City, Tibet, it was found that Tibetan courtyards attached more importance to flower plants and garden crops, focused on natural style and easy maintenance, but not pruning; Tibetan courtyard landscaping valued shape, color, flower season and visual aesthetics of fl owers, tried to build "gardens" with fl ower confi guration as the major content, similar aesthetic concepts and landscaping style with European gardens; moreover, it paid more attention to plants, but not waterscape design; in Tibetan gardens, lawns occupied a secondary position next to fl owering plants, fruit trees and garden crops.
文摘There are two types of typical traditional Chinese residential buildings:one is the dwellings in Anhui Province in South China,and the other is of course the merchants’grand courtyards in Shanxi Province in North China.The grand courtyards in Shanxi Province are famous as they are deep and sumptuous,represented by those of Jin-Merchants(Jin,is short for Shanxi Province,and Jin-merchants refer to these businessmen in Shanxi Province.
文摘Characteristics and differences of Chinese and westerners in cultural background,lifestyle,and psychological needs were analyzed,on the basis of which gardening arts in both regions explored,and trend of modern courtyard design summarized.Taking Hollister House Garden(Connecticut)and Taihe"Yard by Canal"(Beijing)for example,differences of modern Chinese and western yard designs were compared.
基金Sponsored by 2016 Guangxi Higher Education Undergraduate Teaching Reform Project
文摘From the perspectives of physiology and psychology, this article not only analyzes the interrelation between landscape and sight, but also classifies and studies the courtyard landscape sight. According to the studies of courtyard sight, courtyard space and courtyard construction, how to optimize the courtyard landscape construction is to be discussed to provide references for further researches and field applications.
文摘This paper investigates residents living experience in the common courtyards of cooperative housing and cohousing in Canada,and their sense of happiness associated with it.Cooperative housing as a form of social housing established in Toronto,Ontario,Canada as early as the 1910s.Cohousing as its subsequent name has evolved into a global movement since the 1960s,to promote residents sharing and caring for one another through active participation in community lives and cooperative management.A key feature of this housing is the inclusion of shared spaces,such as common courtyards.This research explored what make residents happy and/or unhappy in the common courtyards,and how to improve their living experience in the common courtyards.Semistructured interviews were conducted with 20 residents in three cooperative housing in Toronto and three cohousing across Canada.The findings suggest that the Courtyard is a central component to promote social happiness of residents.The paper contributes to the topic of Housing and Happiness that is rarely studied.It finally proposes a courtyard garden housing scheme that can be a template for universal application.The main conclusion is that there is a need for more courtyard configuration in contemporary Canadian urban planning and architectural design to promote community development.
文摘By introducing two famous works of Mr.Zhang Kaiji in his later years,the reconstruction plan of Beijing Planetarium and the Museum of Chinese Revolution and the Museum of Chinese History,the paper analyzes the "courtyard·yard" space he once imagined in the modern city and large public buildings,and expounds the value and significance of his conception.The author believes that the expansion and transformation of important works should be based on historical research and centered on the spirit of space,and the intangible space outside of tangible entities should be carefully treated,so as to better complete the transmission of modern Chinese space experience.
