The Cloud Feedback Model Intercomparisons Project (CFMIP) Observation Simulator Package (COSP) is adopted in the Grid-point Atmospheric Model of IAP LASG (GAMIL2) during CFMIP at Phase II to evaluate the model cloud f...The Cloud Feedback Model Intercomparisons Project (CFMIP) Observation Simulator Package (COSP) is adopted in the Grid-point Atmospheric Model of IAP LASG (GAMIL2) during CFMIP at Phase II to evaluate the model cloud fractions in a consistent way with satellite observations. The cloud simulation results embedded in the Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (AMIP) control experiment are presented using three satellite simulators: International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP), Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), and Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) lidar onboard the Cloud- Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO). Overall, GAMIL2 can produce horizontal distributions of the low cloud fraction that are similar to the satellite observations, and its similarities to the observations on different levels are shown in Taylor diagrams. The discrepancies among satellite observations are also shown, which should be considered during evaluation.展开更多
【目的】以茶籽多糖对超氧阴离子自由基()的比清除率作为茶籽多糖脱蛋白效果的衡量指标,优化Sevage法脱茶籽多糖蛋白的工艺条件,为茶籽多糖的开发利用提供理论依据。【方法】采用Sevage法脱茶籽多糖蛋白,通过单因素试验和正交试验分析...【目的】以茶籽多糖对超氧阴离子自由基()的比清除率作为茶籽多糖脱蛋白效果的衡量指标,优化Sevage法脱茶籽多糖蛋白的工艺条件,为茶籽多糖的开发利用提供理论依据。【方法】采用Sevage法脱茶籽多糖蛋白,通过单因素试验和正交试验分析氯仿与正丁醇体积比、茶籽多糖溶液与Sevage试剂体积比、振荡时间、静置时间等因素对脱蛋白茶籽多糖对的比清除率的影响;同时采用Schaal烘箱法研究茶籽多糖对油脂的抗氧化作用。【结果】Sevage法脱茶籽多糖蛋白的最佳工艺条件为:氯仿与正丁醇体积比4∶1、茶籽多糖溶液与Sevage试剂体积比3∶1、振荡时间20 min、静置时间20 min,在此条件下,茶籽多糖对的比清除率为0.461 m L/mg。脱蛋白茶籽多糖对油脂的抗氧化活性较未脱蛋白茶籽多糖有明显提高,且随贮存时间的延长,抗氧化效果越明显。【结论】茶籽多糖对的比清除率可作为提高茶籽多糖抗氧化活性纯化工艺条件的衡量指标;脱蛋白茶籽多糖具有一定的抗氧化作用,可作为油脂抗氧化剂进行深入研究。展开更多
Cloud distribution characteristics over the Tibetan Plateau in the summer monsoon period simulated by the Australian Community Climate and Earth System Simulator(ACCESS) model are evaluated using COSP [the CFMIP(Cloud...Cloud distribution characteristics over the Tibetan Plateau in the summer monsoon period simulated by the Australian Community Climate and Earth System Simulator(ACCESS) model are evaluated using COSP [the CFMIP(Cloud Feedback Model Intercomparison Project) Observation Simulator Package]. The results show that the ACCESS model simulates less cumulus cloud at atmospheric middle levels when compared with observations from CALIPSO and CloudSat, but more ice cloud at high levels and drizzle drops at low levels. The model also has seasonal biases after the onset of the summer monsoon in May. While observations show that the prevalent high cloud at 9–10 km in spring shifts downward to 7–9 km,the modeled maximum cloud fractions move upward to 12–15 km. The reason for this model deficiency is investigated by comparing model dynamical and thermodynamical fields with those of ERA-Interim. It is found that the lifting effect of the Tibetan Plateau in the ACCESS model is stronger than in ERA-Interim, which means that the vertical velocity in the ACCESS model is stronger and more water vapor is transported to the upper levels of the atmosphere, resulting in more high-level ice clouds and less middle-level cumulus cloud over the Tibetan Plateau. The modeled radiation fields and precipitation are also evaluated against the relevant satellite observations.展开更多
基金supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program) (Grant No. 2010AA012304)the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) (Grant No.2010CB951904)+1 种基金the China Meteorological Administration R &D Special Fund for Public Welfare (meteorology) (Grant No.GYHY201006014)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41023002 and 41005053)
文摘The Cloud Feedback Model Intercomparisons Project (CFMIP) Observation Simulator Package (COSP) is adopted in the Grid-point Atmospheric Model of IAP LASG (GAMIL2) during CFMIP at Phase II to evaluate the model cloud fractions in a consistent way with satellite observations. The cloud simulation results embedded in the Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (AMIP) control experiment are presented using three satellite simulators: International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP), Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), and Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) lidar onboard the Cloud- Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO). Overall, GAMIL2 can produce horizontal distributions of the low cloud fraction that are similar to the satellite observations, and its similarities to the observations on different levels are shown in Taylor diagrams. The discrepancies among satellite observations are also shown, which should be considered during evaluation.
文摘【目的】以茶籽多糖对超氧阴离子自由基()的比清除率作为茶籽多糖脱蛋白效果的衡量指标,优化Sevage法脱茶籽多糖蛋白的工艺条件,为茶籽多糖的开发利用提供理论依据。【方法】采用Sevage法脱茶籽多糖蛋白,通过单因素试验和正交试验分析氯仿与正丁醇体积比、茶籽多糖溶液与Sevage试剂体积比、振荡时间、静置时间等因素对脱蛋白茶籽多糖对的比清除率的影响;同时采用Schaal烘箱法研究茶籽多糖对油脂的抗氧化作用。【结果】Sevage法脱茶籽多糖蛋白的最佳工艺条件为:氯仿与正丁醇体积比4∶1、茶籽多糖溶液与Sevage试剂体积比3∶1、振荡时间20 min、静置时间20 min,在此条件下,茶籽多糖对的比清除率为0.461 m L/mg。脱蛋白茶籽多糖对油脂的抗氧化活性较未脱蛋白茶籽多糖有明显提高,且随贮存时间的延长,抗氧化效果越明显。【结论】茶籽多糖对的比清除率可作为提高茶籽多糖抗氧化活性纯化工艺条件的衡量指标;脱蛋白茶籽多糖具有一定的抗氧化作用,可作为油脂抗氧化剂进行深入研究。
文摘以油茶籽饼为原料,优化脂肪酶-蜗牛酶提取茶籽多糖的条件,探讨酶提茶籽多糖的抗氧化作用。通过单因素试验和正交试验分析酶解温度和p H、酶解时间、酶添加量、脂肪酶和蜗牛酶质量比对茶籽多糖得率的影响;测定和比较酶提茶籽多糖与水提茶籽多糖对O2-·、DPPH·、·OH、ABTS^(+)·4种自由基的清除率;采用Schaal烘箱法研究酶提茶籽多糖对油脂的抗氧化作用。结果表明:脂肪酶-蜗牛酶提取茶籽多糖的最佳工艺条件为酶解温度35℃、p H 7.0、酶解时间2.5 h、酶添加量2.0%、脂肪酶和蜗牛酶质量比2∶3,在此条件下茶籽多糖得率可达5.83%;酶提茶籽多糖的抗氧化作用强于水提茶籽多糖。酶提茶籽多糖具有作为油脂抗氧化剂的潜质。
基金funded by the Third Scientific Experiment of the Tibetan Plateau (Grant No. GYHY201406001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41575045, 41205030, and 41175046)the Basic Research Fund of the Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences (Grant No. 2017Z013)
文摘Cloud distribution characteristics over the Tibetan Plateau in the summer monsoon period simulated by the Australian Community Climate and Earth System Simulator(ACCESS) model are evaluated using COSP [the CFMIP(Cloud Feedback Model Intercomparison Project) Observation Simulator Package]. The results show that the ACCESS model simulates less cumulus cloud at atmospheric middle levels when compared with observations from CALIPSO and CloudSat, but more ice cloud at high levels and drizzle drops at low levels. The model also has seasonal biases after the onset of the summer monsoon in May. While observations show that the prevalent high cloud at 9–10 km in spring shifts downward to 7–9 km,the modeled maximum cloud fractions move upward to 12–15 km. The reason for this model deficiency is investigated by comparing model dynamical and thermodynamical fields with those of ERA-Interim. It is found that the lifting effect of the Tibetan Plateau in the ACCESS model is stronger than in ERA-Interim, which means that the vertical velocity in the ACCESS model is stronger and more water vapor is transported to the upper levels of the atmosphere, resulting in more high-level ice clouds and less middle-level cumulus cloud over the Tibetan Plateau. The modeled radiation fields and precipitation are also evaluated against the relevant satellite observations.
