COSMIC-2(constellation observing system for meteorology ionosphere and climate-2)作为COSMIC掩星星座的后续计划,得益于升级了支持多模GNSS信号的接收机和高增益定向波束掩星天线,其观测数据质量和数量得到显著提升。围绕掩星观...COSMIC-2(constellation observing system for meteorology ionosphere and climate-2)作为COSMIC掩星星座的后续计划,得益于升级了支持多模GNSS信号的接收机和高增益定向波束掩星天线,其观测数据质量和数量得到显著提升。围绕掩星观测数据和反演产品的定量评估,分析COSMIC-2定轨和掩星天线的原始观测数据质量,并以欧洲中期数值天气预报中心的再分析气象资料为基准,定量评估掩星反演大气廓线产品质量。结果显示,COSMIC-2定轨天线L1频段信噪比大多在45 dB以上,其对应伪距多路径效应中误差在0.2~0.4 m之间;掩星天线观测信噪比由第一代COSMIC的不足700 v/v大幅提升至1200 v/v,且GLONASS掩星廓线和GPS掩星廓线均与气象再分析资料表现出了很好的一致性。研究结果认为,升级后的COSMIC-2掩星载荷不仅大幅增加掩星观测数量,其高增益的掩星天线设计还有效地提升了掩星观测数据质量,为大气科学研究提供了重要气象观测资料。展开更多
We investigate the relationship between the magnitudes of Forbush decreases(FDs)and solar-geomagnetic characteristics using daily-averaged galactic cosmic ray(GCR)data from Inuvick(INVK)and Magadan(MGDN)neutron monito...We investigate the relationship between the magnitudes of Forbush decreases(FDs)and solar-geomagnetic characteristics using daily-averaged galactic cosmic ray(GCR)data from Inuvick(INVK)and Magadan(MGDN)neutron monitor(NM)stations to aid in counting the case of GCR flux intensity modulation.The FDs,obtained with an automated new computer software algorithm from daily-averaged GCR data from the IZMIRAN common website:http://cr0.izmiran.ru/common,at INVK(224)and MGDN(229)NM stations,from 1998 to 2002,were used in the present work.The associated solar-geomagnetic parameters of the same time range were obtained from the OMNI website.A statistical analytical method was employed to test the link between FD amplitudes and solargeomagnetic variables.We observed negative trends in FD-IMF,FD-SWS,FD-Kp,FD-SSN and FD-SI,while a positive relation was indicated in FD-Dst at both stations.All are statistically significant at a 95%confidence level.The results obtained here imply that solar emission characteristics impact the GCR flux intensity modulation.展开更多
COSMIC(Constellation Observation System for Meteorology,Ionosphere and Climate)每天可以提供全球2000～3000条从40 km高空到近地面的大气温、压、湿的廓线资料,有效地弥补了常规探空资料在时间和空间上分辨率的不足。通过对2008年...COSMIC(Constellation Observation System for Meteorology,Ionosphere and Climate)每天可以提供全球2000～3000条从40 km高空到近地面的大气温、压、湿的廓线资料,有效地弥补了常规探空资料在时间和空间上分辨率的不足。通过对2008年5月20日至2008年11月26日COSMIC资料与L波段探空秒数据进行比对,结果表明,在10 km高度以下,COSMIC反演的湿廓线资料与L波段探空数据偏差较小,温度偏差为-0.5℃,均方根误差为1.5℃;折射率偏差为1.4N,均方根误差为5.9N;气压偏差为2.0 hPa,均方根误差为4.7 hPa;水汽压偏差为0.1 hPa,均方根误差为1.1 hPa。COSMIC干廓线资料与L波段探空相比,在10～30 km高度内,温度偏差为-0.3℃,均方根误差为1.9℃;折射率偏差为0.4N,均方根误差为0.9N;气压偏差为1.4 hPa,均方根误差为2.6 hPa。表明COSMIC资料既具有较高的时空分辨率,又具有较好的精度,在数值模式中具有重要的潜在应用。展开更多
Based on the Mach＇s principle and the characteristic mass of the present universe, Mo a c3/2GHo, it is noticed that, ＇rate of decrease in the laboratory fine structure ratio＇ is a measure of the cosmic rate of expa...Based on the Mach＇s principle and the characteristic mass of the present universe, Mo a c3/2GHo, it is noticed that, ＇rate of decrease in the laboratory fine structure ratio＇ is a measure of the cosmic rate of expansion. If the observed laboratory fine structure ratio is a constant, then, independent of the cosmic red shift and CMBR observations, it can be suggested that, at present there is no cosmic acceleration. Obtained value of the present Hubble constant is 70.75 Km/sec/Mpc. If it is true that, rate of decrease in temperature is a measure of cosmic rate of expansion, then from the observed cosmic isotropy it can also be suggested that, at present there is no cosmic acceleration. At present if the characteristic mass of the universe is, Mo = c3/2GHo and if the primordial universe is a natural setting for the creation of black holes and other non-perturbative gravitational entities, it is also possible to assume that throughout its journey, the whole universe is a primordial growing and light speed rotating black hole. At any time, if cot is the angular velocity, then cosmic radius is c/ω1 and cosmic mass is c3/2Gω1 Instead of the Planck mass, initial conditions can be addressed with the Coulomb mass = Mc = √/4xeoG At present, if ω1= H0 the cosmic black hole＇s volume density, observed matter density and the thermal energy density are in geometric series and the geometric ratio is 1 ＋ ln（M0 ＋Mc）.展开更多
对流层顶是地球大气的一个最基本的结构特征,对流层与平流层通过对流层顶交换气团、水汽、微量气体、能量等.对流层顶结构变化与气候变化密切相连.本文采用掩星弯曲角自然对数协方差变换法确定对流层顶,利用气象、电离层与气候星座观测...对流层顶是地球大气的一个最基本的结构特征,对流层与平流层通过对流层顶交换气团、水汽、微量气体、能量等.对流层顶结构变化与气候变化密切相连.本文采用掩星弯曲角自然对数协方差变换法确定对流层顶,利用气象、电离层与气候星座观测系统(Constellation Observing System for Meteorology,Ionosphere and Climate,COSMIC)2007年1月至2011年12月共5年的掩星观测数据分析了中国区域对流层顶高度、温度、气压等参数随经度、纬度、时间变化的特征.采用2°×2°网格法,把包括中国在内的16°N—54°N、72°E—136°E区域共分成19×32个格网单元,然后计算每个格网单元内对流层顶高度、温度、气压的平均值,结果表明对流层顶参数呈明显的纬度分带分布特征.计算每个格网单元内对流层顶参数季节平均值,结果显示对流层顶高度和气压具有明显的季节性变化特征.采用中位数斜率回归法分析对流层顶参数年平均值,发现在研究时段内中国区域对流层顶高度平均每年降低8m.展开更多
为了获得足够多的地面掩星点资料,用于全球和局部天气预报和大气研究,1997年中国台湾地区和美国联合制定了耗资1亿美元的COSMIC(Constellation Observing System for Meteorology,Ionosphere and Climate)计划。COSMIC是气象、电离层和...为了获得足够多的地面掩星点资料,用于全球和局部天气预报和大气研究,1997年中国台湾地区和美国联合制定了耗资1亿美元的COSMIC(Constellation Observing System for Meteorology,Ionosphere and Climate)计划。COSMIC是气象、电离层和气候星座观测系统,它包括卫星、地面数据接受和卫星控制站、数据分析中心和数字通讯网络,计划于2005年开始实施。介绍了COSMIC计划产出的历史背景、科学任务及其整个系统的组成,井针对COSMIC和其它LEO(低地球轨道)星座计划,提出了我们应做和正在做的研究工作。展开更多
文摘COSMIC-2(constellation observing system for meteorology ionosphere and climate-2)作为COSMIC掩星星座的后续计划,得益于升级了支持多模GNSS信号的接收机和高增益定向波束掩星天线,其观测数据质量和数量得到显著提升。围绕掩星观测数据和反演产品的定量评估,分析COSMIC-2定轨和掩星天线的原始观测数据质量,并以欧洲中期数值天气预报中心的再分析气象资料为基准,定量评估掩星反演大气廓线产品质量。结果显示,COSMIC-2定轨天线L1频段信噪比大多在45 dB以上,其对应伪距多路径效应中误差在0.2~0.4 m之间;掩星天线观测信噪比由第一代COSMIC的不足700 v/v大幅提升至1200 v/v,且GLONASS掩星廓线和GPS掩星廓线均与气象再分析资料表现出了很好的一致性。研究结果认为,升级后的COSMIC-2掩星载荷不仅大幅增加掩星观测数量,其高增益的掩星天线设计还有效地提升了掩星观测数据质量,为大气科学研究提供了重要气象观测资料。
文摘We investigate the relationship between the magnitudes of Forbush decreases(FDs)and solar-geomagnetic characteristics using daily-averaged galactic cosmic ray(GCR)data from Inuvick(INVK)and Magadan(MGDN)neutron monitor(NM)stations to aid in counting the case of GCR flux intensity modulation.The FDs,obtained with an automated new computer software algorithm from daily-averaged GCR data from the IZMIRAN common website:http://cr0.izmiran.ru/common,at INVK(224)and MGDN(229)NM stations,from 1998 to 2002,were used in the present work.The associated solar-geomagnetic parameters of the same time range were obtained from the OMNI website.A statistical analytical method was employed to test the link between FD amplitudes and solargeomagnetic variables.We observed negative trends in FD-IMF,FD-SWS,FD-Kp,FD-SSN and FD-SI,while a positive relation was indicated in FD-Dst at both stations.All are statistically significant at a 95%confidence level.The results obtained here imply that solar emission characteristics impact the GCR flux intensity modulation.
文摘Based on the Mach＇s principle and the characteristic mass of the present universe, Mo a c3/2GHo, it is noticed that, ＇rate of decrease in the laboratory fine structure ratio＇ is a measure of the cosmic rate of expansion. If the observed laboratory fine structure ratio is a constant, then, independent of the cosmic red shift and CMBR observations, it can be suggested that, at present there is no cosmic acceleration. Obtained value of the present Hubble constant is 70.75 Km/sec/Mpc. If it is true that, rate of decrease in temperature is a measure of cosmic rate of expansion, then from the observed cosmic isotropy it can also be suggested that, at present there is no cosmic acceleration. At present if the characteristic mass of the universe is, Mo = c3/2GHo and if the primordial universe is a natural setting for the creation of black holes and other non-perturbative gravitational entities, it is also possible to assume that throughout its journey, the whole universe is a primordial growing and light speed rotating black hole. At any time, if cot is the angular velocity, then cosmic radius is c/ω1 and cosmic mass is c3/2Gω1 Instead of the Planck mass, initial conditions can be addressed with the Coulomb mass = Mc = √/4xeoG At present, if ω1= H0 the cosmic black hole＇s volume density, observed matter density and the thermal energy density are in geometric series and the geometric ratio is 1 ＋ ln（M0 ＋Mc）.
文摘对流层顶是地球大气的一个最基本的结构特征,对流层与平流层通过对流层顶交换气团、水汽、微量气体、能量等.对流层顶结构变化与气候变化密切相连.本文采用掩星弯曲角自然对数协方差变换法确定对流层顶,利用气象、电离层与气候星座观测系统(Constellation Observing System for Meteorology,Ionosphere and Climate,COSMIC)2007年1月至2011年12月共5年的掩星观测数据分析了中国区域对流层顶高度、温度、气压等参数随经度、纬度、时间变化的特征.采用2°×2°网格法,把包括中国在内的16°N—54°N、72°E—136°E区域共分成19×32个格网单元,然后计算每个格网单元内对流层顶高度、温度、气压的平均值,结果表明对流层顶参数呈明显的纬度分带分布特征.计算每个格网单元内对流层顶参数季节平均值,结果显示对流层顶高度和气压具有明显的季节性变化特征.采用中位数斜率回归法分析对流层顶参数年平均值,发现在研究时段内中国区域对流层顶高度平均每年降低8m.
文摘为了获得足够多的地面掩星点资料,用于全球和局部天气预报和大气研究,1997年中国台湾地区和美国联合制定了耗资1亿美元的COSMIC(Constellation Observing System for Meteorology,Ionosphere and Climate)计划。COSMIC是气象、电离层和气候星座观测系统,它包括卫星、地面数据接受和卫星控制站、数据分析中心和数字通讯网络,计划于2005年开始实施。介绍了COSMIC计划产出的历史背景、科学任务及其整个系统的组成,井针对COSMIC和其它LEO(低地球轨道)星座计划,提出了我们应做和正在做的研究工作。
