Secondary stem growth develops different cambial variants in Convolvulaceae. Here, the cambial variant features of 17 species in seven genera (Convolvulaceae) in Taiwan are presented. The xylem rings produce various s...Secondary stem growth develops different cambial variants in Convolvulaceae. Here, the cambial variant features of 17 species in seven genera (Convolvulaceae) in Taiwan are presented. The xylem rings produce various successive cambial types and the primary xylem and intraxylary phloem are produced in the outer and inner pith, respectively. The two Argyreia species have round or elliptical stems with continuous secondary xylem and phloem rings. In the eight Ipomoea species, secondary growth has two to four layers of successive cambia and xylem, dispersed with parenchyma tissue, except for I. nil and I. violacea with one layer of successive cambia. The first secondary xylem segments are separated by few or many xylem rays: I. cairica and I. obscura have three to five xylem rays and I. triloba has numerous xylem rays. The first secondary xylem of Erycibe henryi is divided by numerous rays in small stems, but develops more layers, as adjacent segments separated by xylem rays, in larger stems. Owing to continuous vascular bundle division, it has a dissected xylem. The secondary growth of Distimate tuberosa and Operculina turpethum produces two layers of successive cambia;the secondary successive cambium is divided evenly by rays into many arcs/segments. The stem thickness of I. pes-caprae subsp. brasiliensis increases via concentric successive cambia. Owing to shallowly lobed stems with directional successive cambia, I. obscura and I. triloba stems are irregularly shaped. I. littoralis and Stictocardia tilifolia stems are triangular without directional successive cambia. I. hederifolia and Merremia gemella stems have two to three deep lobes. Parenchyma proliferation results in thicker cortex with mucilaginous canals. The xylem vessels are dispersed and diffuse-porous;the vasicentric paratracheal parenchyma around them is common to all species. A bracketed key was developed comparing the secondary xylem structures of the 17 species, providing a basis for further morphological studies.展开更多
The inheritance of chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) in sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas Lain.) was analyzed using DNA restriction fingerprinting. The cpDNA fingerprints of hybrids from reciprocal crosses between Xushu18 and AB78-...The inheritance of chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) in sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas Lain.) was analyzed using DNA restriction fingerprinting. The cpDNA fingerprints of hybrids from reciprocal crosses between Xushu18 and AB78-1 were found to be identical to those of their female parents, which reveals that cpDNA of sweet potato is maternally inherited in this intervarietal crossing. This maternal cpDNA transmission pattern does not accord with the putative one based on former cytological studies. The plastid inheritance in Convolvulaceae has been briefly reviewed in this study, and the utility of DNA restriction fingerprinting analysis in the study of plastid inheritance is also discussed.展开更多
In this paper, the resources of Codonopsis convolvulacea subsp. Vinciflora in 13 counties of Tibet were investigated and analyzed by field investigation, sample point-sample set-sample survey, market investigation and...In this paper, the resources of Codonopsis convolvulacea subsp. Vinciflora in 13 counties of Tibet were investigated and analyzed by field investigation, sample point-sample set-sample survey, market investigation and expert visit. The results showed that among the 13 counties, the distribution area of C. convolvulacea ranked as Gongbujiangda County 〉 Zuogong County 〉 Milin County 〉 Mozhugongka County 〉 Lang County 〉 Duilongdeqing County 〉 Chayu County=Jiali County= Mangkang County=Dingqing County=Baqing County=Suo County=Nimu County. The Gongbujiangda County showed the largest distribution, while Zuogong County and Milin County showed relatively small distribution. Chayu County, Jiali County, Mangkang County, Dingqing County, Baqing County, Suo County and Nimu County showed no distribution. The average plant dry weight C. convolvulacea ranked as Duilongdeqing County 〉 Lang County, Gongbujiangda County 〉Milin County 〉Chayu County =Jiali County =Zuogong County =Mangkang County =Dingqing County =Baqing County=Suo County=Mozhugongka County=Nimu County. Among them, Duilongdeqing County showed the largest average plant dry weight. The average plant dry weight of C. convolvulacea in Chayu County, Jiali County, Zuogong County, Mangkang County, Dingqing County, Baqing County, Suo County, Mozhugongka County and Nimu County was all 0 g. The order of biomass of C. convolvulacea in the 13 counties was Mozhugongka County 〉Duilongdeqing County 〉 Lang County 〉 Gongbujiangda County 〉Milin County 〉Zuogong County 〉Dingqing County =Jiali County=Mangkang County=Chayu County=Nimu County=Suo County=Baqing County. Mozhugongka County showed the largest biomass, while the biomass of C. convolvulacea in Dingqing County, Jiali County, Mangkang County, Chayu County, Nimu County, Suo County and Baqing County was all 0 t. The reserve of C. convolvulacea is determined by distribution area habitat and its own growth. In the 13 counties, the reserve of C. convolvulacea ranked as Gongbujiangda County 〉Mozhugongka County 〉 Lang County 〉Zuogong County 〉Milin County 〉Duilongdeqing County 〉Dingqing County=Jiali County=Mangkang County=Chayu County=Nimu County=Suo County=Baqing County. The reserve of C. convolvulacea was biggest in Gongbujiangda County and was relatively small in Dingqing County, Jiali County, Mangkang County, Chayu County, Nimu County, Suo County and Baqing County. Targeting at the problems existing in the utilization of C. convolvulacea, some suggestions are put forward, such as establishment of reserve for medicinal plant ecological industry, artificial cultivation, renewing concept and rational exploitation and utilization. In this paper, the resource characteristics and sustainable utilization of Tibetan medicinal plants were studied so as to provide a theoretical basis for the rational development and utilization of C. convolvulacea in the region.展开更多
Plants and plant-based products are the bases of many modern pharmaceuticals that are current in use today for various diseases.The aim of the study was to investigate the biochemical constituents and high performance...Plants and plant-based products are the bases of many modern pharmaceuticals that are current in use today for various diseases.The aim of the study was to investigate the biochemical constituents and high performance thin layer chromatography（HPTLC） finger printing of the ethanolic extract of Evolvulus alsinoides.Phytochemical screening was done by standard procedures and HPTLC method was also established to analyze alkaloids,flavonoids and phenolic compounds from the ethanolic extract of Evolvulus alsinoides.Preliminary phytochemical screening showed that ethanol extracted more secondary metabolites than other solvents.HPTLC fingerprinting analysis showed the presence of various alkaloids,flavonoids and phenols（quercetin） in the ethanolic extract.It can be concluded that Evolvulus alsinoides may serve as a source of potent antioxidants that may be used in the prevention of various diseases such as cancer,diabetes and cardiovascular diseases due to the presence of phenolic compounds.HPTLC finger print of Evolvulus alsinoides may be useful in the differentiation of the species from adulterants and act as a biochemical marker for this medicinally important plant in the pharmaceutical industry and plant systematic studies.展开更多
Two species of Calystegia, C. soldanella and C. japonica which both are vine perennials belong to Convolvulaceae habituated in extremely different environment. In order to elucidate the effect of flavonoids to tolerat...Two species of Calystegia, C. soldanella and C. japonica which both are vine perennials belong to Convolvulaceae habituated in extremely different environment. In order to elucidate the effect of flavonoids to tolerate environmental stress we chose a sand-dune plant C. soldanella, under unfavorable conditions such as nutrients deficiency, strong irradiance, and broad differences of temperature during day and night and compared this plant with C. japonica habituated under mild environment. Several kinds of flavonoids were found in both plants. Especially, quercetin glycosides and kaempferol glycosides were found as major flavonols in both plants. In C. soldanella, kaempferol 3-O-galacto-sidee-7-O-glucoside, kaempferol 3-O-digalactoside-7-O-glucoside, kaempferol 3-O-galactoside-7-O-galactoside and 4’-hydroxyflavone 7-O-glucoside were found. While in C. japonica, quercetin 3-O-galactoside 7-O-glucuronide, quercetin 3,7-O-digalactoside and kaempferol 3-O-galactoside 7-O-glucoside were found. Also, kaempferol glycoside was a major flavonol in C. soldanella, in contrast to quercetin glycoside as major flavonol in C. japonica. The content of total phenolic compounds was similar in two species but the content of total flavonoid compounds was higher by 1.5 times in C. japonica than that of C. soldanella.展开更多
AIM: Many oxidative stress-related diseases occur as a result of the accumulation of free radicals in the body. Free radicals are generated by various endogenous systems, exposure to different physiochemical condition...AIM: Many oxidative stress-related diseases occur as a result of the accumulation of free radicals in the body. Free radicals are generated by various endogenous systems, exposure to different physiochemical conditions, or pathological states. A balance between free radicals and antioxidants is necessary for appropriate physiological function. A lot of studies are going on worldwide directed towards finding natural antioxidants of plant origin. FTIR spectroscopy is used to develop a rapid and effective analytical method for studying the main constituents in medicinal plants. The chemical constituents in the plants were identified and monitored for their medicinal properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro antioxidant activities and FTIR spectroscopic analysis of the ethanolic extract of Evolvulus alsinoides. METHOD: Free radical scavenging activity of ethanolic extract of the whole plant of E. alsinoides was evaluated by in vitro methods, including total antioxidant assay(FRAP method) and hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity using ascorbic acid as a standard. The degree of lipid peroxidation was examined by estimating the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances(TBARS) using standard methods and the functional groups were analyzed using FTIR spectroscopy. The IR spectrum in the mid-infrared region 4 000–400 cm–1 was used for discriminatio and to identify various functional groups present in E. alsinoides. RESULTS: The findings indicated the presence of amino acids, amides, amines, carboxylic acids, carbonyl compounds, organic hydrocarbons, and halogens in the ethanolic extract of E. alsinoides, and the antioxidant activities were significantly increased, when compared with the standard antioxidant ascorbic acid, in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSION: The findings indicated promising antioxidant activity of the crude extract of E. alsinoides, and needs further exploration for their potential effective use.展开更多
Objective： To identify the free radical scavenging activity of ethanolic extract of Evolvulus alsinoides. Methods： The free radical scavenging activity was evaluated by in vitro methods like reducing power assay, to...Objective： To identify the free radical scavenging activity of ethanolic extract of Evolvulus alsinoides. Methods： The free radical scavenging activity was evaluated by in vitro methods like reducing power assay, total antioxidant activity, 2,2-diphenyl-l-picrylhydrazyl （DPPH） reduction, superoxide radical scavenging activity, 2,2＇-azinobis-（3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid） （ABTS＊） scavenging activity, hydroxyl radical scavenging assay, and nitric oxide radical scavenging assay, which were studied by using ascorbic acid as standard. Results： The extract showed significant activities in all antioxidant assays compared with the reference antioxidant ascorbic acid. The total antioxidant activity as well as the reducing power was also found to increase in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion： Evolvulus alsinoides may act as a chemopreventive agent, providing antioxidant properties and offering effective protection from free radicals.展开更多
文摘Secondary stem growth develops different cambial variants in Convolvulaceae. Here, the cambial variant features of 17 species in seven genera (Convolvulaceae) in Taiwan are presented. The xylem rings produce various successive cambial types and the primary xylem and intraxylary phloem are produced in the outer and inner pith, respectively. The two Argyreia species have round or elliptical stems with continuous secondary xylem and phloem rings. In the eight Ipomoea species, secondary growth has two to four layers of successive cambia and xylem, dispersed with parenchyma tissue, except for I. nil and I. violacea with one layer of successive cambia. The first secondary xylem segments are separated by few or many xylem rays: I. cairica and I. obscura have three to five xylem rays and I. triloba has numerous xylem rays. The first secondary xylem of Erycibe henryi is divided by numerous rays in small stems, but develops more layers, as adjacent segments separated by xylem rays, in larger stems. Owing to continuous vascular bundle division, it has a dissected xylem. The secondary growth of Distimate tuberosa and Operculina turpethum produces two layers of successive cambia;the secondary successive cambium is divided evenly by rays into many arcs/segments. The stem thickness of I. pes-caprae subsp. brasiliensis increases via concentric successive cambia. Owing to shallowly lobed stems with directional successive cambia, I. obscura and I. triloba stems are irregularly shaped. I. littoralis and Stictocardia tilifolia stems are triangular without directional successive cambia. I. hederifolia and Merremia gemella stems have two to three deep lobes. Parenchyma proliferation results in thicker cortex with mucilaginous canals. The xylem vessels are dispersed and diffuse-porous;the vasicentric paratracheal parenchyma around them is common to all species. A bracketed key was developed comparing the secondary xylem structures of the 17 species, providing a basis for further morphological studies.
文摘The inheritance of chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) in sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas Lain.) was analyzed using DNA restriction fingerprinting. The cpDNA fingerprints of hybrids from reciprocal crosses between Xushu18 and AB78-1 were found to be identical to those of their female parents, which reveals that cpDNA of sweet potato is maternally inherited in this intervarietal crossing. This maternal cpDNA transmission pattern does not accord with the putative one based on former cytological studies. The plastid inheritance in Convolvulaceae has been briefly reviewed in this study, and the utility of DNA restriction fingerprinting analysis in the study of plastid inheritance is also discussed.
基金Supported by the Fourth National Census of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources(20120716-540000)Program for Research on Humanities and Social Sciences in Colleges and Universities of Tibet Autonomous Region(sk2015-34)Construction Project for Tibet Characteristic Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Resources R&D Collaborative Innovation Center(2014-2015)~~
文摘In this paper, the resources of Codonopsis convolvulacea subsp. Vinciflora in 13 counties of Tibet were investigated and analyzed by field investigation, sample point-sample set-sample survey, market investigation and expert visit. The results showed that among the 13 counties, the distribution area of C. convolvulacea ranked as Gongbujiangda County 〉 Zuogong County 〉 Milin County 〉 Mozhugongka County 〉 Lang County 〉 Duilongdeqing County 〉 Chayu County=Jiali County= Mangkang County=Dingqing County=Baqing County=Suo County=Nimu County. The Gongbujiangda County showed the largest distribution, while Zuogong County and Milin County showed relatively small distribution. Chayu County, Jiali County, Mangkang County, Dingqing County, Baqing County, Suo County and Nimu County showed no distribution. The average plant dry weight C. convolvulacea ranked as Duilongdeqing County 〉 Lang County, Gongbujiangda County 〉Milin County 〉Chayu County =Jiali County =Zuogong County =Mangkang County =Dingqing County =Baqing County=Suo County=Mozhugongka County=Nimu County. Among them, Duilongdeqing County showed the largest average plant dry weight. The average plant dry weight of C. convolvulacea in Chayu County, Jiali County, Zuogong County, Mangkang County, Dingqing County, Baqing County, Suo County, Mozhugongka County and Nimu County was all 0 g. The order of biomass of C. convolvulacea in the 13 counties was Mozhugongka County 〉Duilongdeqing County 〉 Lang County 〉 Gongbujiangda County 〉Milin County 〉Zuogong County 〉Dingqing County =Jiali County=Mangkang County=Chayu County=Nimu County=Suo County=Baqing County. Mozhugongka County showed the largest biomass, while the biomass of C. convolvulacea in Dingqing County, Jiali County, Mangkang County, Chayu County, Nimu County, Suo County and Baqing County was all 0 t. The reserve of C. convolvulacea is determined by distribution area habitat and its own growth. In the 13 counties, the reserve of C. convolvulacea ranked as Gongbujiangda County 〉Mozhugongka County 〉 Lang County 〉Zuogong County 〉Milin County 〉Duilongdeqing County 〉Dingqing County=Jiali County=Mangkang County=Chayu County=Nimu County=Suo County=Baqing County. The reserve of C. convolvulacea was biggest in Gongbujiangda County and was relatively small in Dingqing County, Jiali County, Mangkang County, Chayu County, Nimu County, Suo County and Baqing County. Targeting at the problems existing in the utilization of C. convolvulacea, some suggestions are put forward, such as establishment of reserve for medicinal plant ecological industry, artificial cultivation, renewing concept and rational exploitation and utilization. In this paper, the resource characteristics and sustainable utilization of Tibetan medicinal plants were studied so as to provide a theoretical basis for the rational development and utilization of C. convolvulacea in the region.
文摘Plants and plant-based products are the bases of many modern pharmaceuticals that are current in use today for various diseases.The aim of the study was to investigate the biochemical constituents and high performance thin layer chromatography（HPTLC） finger printing of the ethanolic extract of Evolvulus alsinoides.Phytochemical screening was done by standard procedures and HPTLC method was also established to analyze alkaloids,flavonoids and phenolic compounds from the ethanolic extract of Evolvulus alsinoides.Preliminary phytochemical screening showed that ethanol extracted more secondary metabolites than other solvents.HPTLC fingerprinting analysis showed the presence of various alkaloids,flavonoids and phenols（quercetin） in the ethanolic extract.It can be concluded that Evolvulus alsinoides may serve as a source of potent antioxidants that may be used in the prevention of various diseases such as cancer,diabetes and cardiovascular diseases due to the presence of phenolic compounds.HPTLC finger print of Evolvulus alsinoides may be useful in the differentiation of the species from adulterants and act as a biochemical marker for this medicinally important plant in the pharmaceutical industry and plant systematic studies.
文摘Two species of Calystegia, C. soldanella and C. japonica which both are vine perennials belong to Convolvulaceae habituated in extremely different environment. In order to elucidate the effect of flavonoids to tolerate environmental stress we chose a sand-dune plant C. soldanella, under unfavorable conditions such as nutrients deficiency, strong irradiance, and broad differences of temperature during day and night and compared this plant with C. japonica habituated under mild environment. Several kinds of flavonoids were found in both plants. Especially, quercetin glycosides and kaempferol glycosides were found as major flavonols in both plants. In C. soldanella, kaempferol 3-O-galacto-sidee-7-O-glucoside, kaempferol 3-O-digalactoside-7-O-glucoside, kaempferol 3-O-galactoside-7-O-galactoside and 4’-hydroxyflavone 7-O-glucoside were found. While in C. japonica, quercetin 3-O-galactoside 7-O-glucuronide, quercetin 3,7-O-digalactoside and kaempferol 3-O-galactoside 7-O-glucoside were found. Also, kaempferol glycoside was a major flavonol in C. soldanella, in contrast to quercetin glycoside as major flavonol in C. japonica. The content of total phenolic compounds was similar in two species but the content of total flavonoid compounds was higher by 1.5 times in C. japonica than that of C. soldanella.
文摘AIM: Many oxidative stress-related diseases occur as a result of the accumulation of free radicals in the body. Free radicals are generated by various endogenous systems, exposure to different physiochemical conditions, or pathological states. A balance between free radicals and antioxidants is necessary for appropriate physiological function. A lot of studies are going on worldwide directed towards finding natural antioxidants of plant origin. FTIR spectroscopy is used to develop a rapid and effective analytical method for studying the main constituents in medicinal plants. The chemical constituents in the plants were identified and monitored for their medicinal properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro antioxidant activities and FTIR spectroscopic analysis of the ethanolic extract of Evolvulus alsinoides. METHOD: Free radical scavenging activity of ethanolic extract of the whole plant of E. alsinoides was evaluated by in vitro methods, including total antioxidant assay(FRAP method) and hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity using ascorbic acid as a standard. The degree of lipid peroxidation was examined by estimating the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances(TBARS) using standard methods and the functional groups were analyzed using FTIR spectroscopy. The IR spectrum in the mid-infrared region 4 000–400 cm–1 was used for discriminatio and to identify various functional groups present in E. alsinoides. RESULTS: The findings indicated the presence of amino acids, amides, amines, carboxylic acids, carbonyl compounds, organic hydrocarbons, and halogens in the ethanolic extract of E. alsinoides, and the antioxidant activities were significantly increased, when compared with the standard antioxidant ascorbic acid, in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSION: The findings indicated promising antioxidant activity of the crude extract of E. alsinoides, and needs further exploration for their potential effective use.
文摘Objective： To identify the free radical scavenging activity of ethanolic extract of Evolvulus alsinoides. Methods： The free radical scavenging activity was evaluated by in vitro methods like reducing power assay, total antioxidant activity, 2,2-diphenyl-l-picrylhydrazyl （DPPH） reduction, superoxide radical scavenging activity, 2,2＇-azinobis-（3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid） （ABTS＊） scavenging activity, hydroxyl radical scavenging assay, and nitric oxide radical scavenging assay, which were studied by using ascorbic acid as standard. Results： The extract showed significant activities in all antioxidant assays compared with the reference antioxidant ascorbic acid. The total antioxidant activity as well as the reducing power was also found to increase in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion： Evolvulus alsinoides may act as a chemopreventive agent, providing antioxidant properties and offering effective protection from free radicals.
