An in-house code,CONTHAC-3D,was developed to calculate and analyze thermal-hydraulic phenomena in containments during severe accidents.CONTHAC-3D is a three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics code that can be ap...An in-house code,CONTHAC-3D,was developed to calculate and analyze thermal-hydraulic phenomena in containments during severe accidents.CONTHAC-3D is a three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics code that can be applied to predict gas flow,diffusion,and steam condensation in a containment during a severe hypothetical accident,as well as to obtain an estimate of the local hydrogen concentration in various zones of the containment.CONTHAC-3D was developed using multiple models to simulate the features of the proprietary systems and equipment of HPR1000 and ACP100,such as the passive cooling system,passive autocatalytic recombiners and the passive air cooling system.To validate CONTHAC-3D,a GX6 test was performed at the Battelle Model Containment facility.The hydrogen concentration and temperature monitored by the GX6 test are accurately predicted by CONTHAC-3D.Subsequently,the hydrogen distribution in the HPR1000 containment during a severe accident was studied.The results show that the hydrogen removal rates calculated using CONTHAC-3D for different types of PARs agree well with the theoretical values,with an error of less than 1%.As the accident progresses,the hydrogen concentration in the lower compartment becomes higher than that in the large space,which implies that the lower compartment has a higher hydrogen risk than the dome and large space at a later stage of the accident.The amount of hydrogen removed by the PARs placed on the floor of the compartment is small;therefore,raising the installation height of these recombiners appropriately is recommended.However,we do not recommend installing all autocatalytic recombiners at high positions.The study findings in regard to the hydrogen distribution in the HPR1000 containment indicate that CONTHAC-3D can be applied to the study of hydrogen risk containment.展开更多
目的:近年来,许多学者将3D打印人工椎体应用于颈椎前路椎体次全切除植骨融合术中,但是与传统钛笼相比是否疗效更佳尚存争议。为此,拟系统评价3D打印人工椎体对比传统钛笼作为内植物应用于颈椎前路椎体次全切除植骨融合治疗颈椎病的有效...目的:近年来,许多学者将3D打印人工椎体应用于颈椎前路椎体次全切除植骨融合术中,但是与传统钛笼相比是否疗效更佳尚存争议。为此,拟系统评价3D打印人工椎体对比传统钛笼作为内植物应用于颈椎前路椎体次全切除植骨融合治疗颈椎病的有效性与安全性。方法:计算机检索CNKI、WangFang、CBM、VIP、PubMed、EMBASE、The Cochrane Library数据库,搜集各数据库建库至2025年2月有关3D打印人工椎体应用于颈椎前路椎体次全切除植骨融合的临床研究。筛选文献、提取资料并评价纳入研究的方法学质量后,采用Rev Man 5.4软件进行Meta分析。结果:①共纳入10篇文献,包含2篇前瞻性随机对照研究,6篇回顾性队列研究,2篇前瞻性队列研究,均为高质量研究;所纳入的文献共包含534例患者,其中3D打印组273例,对照组261例;②Meta分析结果显示:3D打印组在手术时间[SMD=-1.13,95%CI(-1.87,-0.39),P=0.003]、术后末次随访椎间隙丢失高度[SMD=-3.01,95%CI(-5.74,-0.29),P=0.03]、术后3个月颈椎功能障碍指数[SMD=-0.34,95%CI(-0.66,-0.03),P=0.03]、假体塌陷率[OR=0.19,95%CI(0.11,0.32),P<0.00001]、术后吞咽不适发生率[OR=0.43,95%CI(0.21,0.90),P=0.03]方面均优于对照组,差异有显著性意义;在手术出血量、住院时间、术后日本骨科协会评分、术后目测类比评分、术后颈椎功能障碍指数(术后6个月、末次随访)、椎体融合率方面,两组差异无显著性意义(P>0.05)。结论:与传统钛笼相比,3D打印人工椎体在提高手术效率、维持术后椎间隙高度、减少术后吞咽不适发生率及假体塌陷率方面具有明显优势。展开更多
文摘An in-house code,CONTHAC-3D,was developed to calculate and analyze thermal-hydraulic phenomena in containments during severe accidents.CONTHAC-3D is a three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics code that can be applied to predict gas flow,diffusion,and steam condensation in a containment during a severe hypothetical accident,as well as to obtain an estimate of the local hydrogen concentration in various zones of the containment.CONTHAC-3D was developed using multiple models to simulate the features of the proprietary systems and equipment of HPR1000 and ACP100,such as the passive cooling system,passive autocatalytic recombiners and the passive air cooling system.To validate CONTHAC-3D,a GX6 test was performed at the Battelle Model Containment facility.The hydrogen concentration and temperature monitored by the GX6 test are accurately predicted by CONTHAC-3D.Subsequently,the hydrogen distribution in the HPR1000 containment during a severe accident was studied.The results show that the hydrogen removal rates calculated using CONTHAC-3D for different types of PARs agree well with the theoretical values,with an error of less than 1%.As the accident progresses,the hydrogen concentration in the lower compartment becomes higher than that in the large space,which implies that the lower compartment has a higher hydrogen risk than the dome and large space at a later stage of the accident.The amount of hydrogen removed by the PARs placed on the floor of the compartment is small;therefore,raising the installation height of these recombiners appropriately is recommended.However,we do not recommend installing all autocatalytic recombiners at high positions.The study findings in regard to the hydrogen distribution in the HPR1000 containment indicate that CONTHAC-3D can be applied to the study of hydrogen risk containment.
文摘目的:近年来,许多学者将3D打印人工椎体应用于颈椎前路椎体次全切除植骨融合术中,但是与传统钛笼相比是否疗效更佳尚存争议。为此,拟系统评价3D打印人工椎体对比传统钛笼作为内植物应用于颈椎前路椎体次全切除植骨融合治疗颈椎病的有效性与安全性。方法:计算机检索CNKI、WangFang、CBM、VIP、PubMed、EMBASE、The Cochrane Library数据库,搜集各数据库建库至2025年2月有关3D打印人工椎体应用于颈椎前路椎体次全切除植骨融合的临床研究。筛选文献、提取资料并评价纳入研究的方法学质量后,采用Rev Man 5.4软件进行Meta分析。结果:①共纳入10篇文献,包含2篇前瞻性随机对照研究,6篇回顾性队列研究,2篇前瞻性队列研究,均为高质量研究;所纳入的文献共包含534例患者,其中3D打印组273例,对照组261例;②Meta分析结果显示:3D打印组在手术时间[SMD=-1.13,95%CI(-1.87,-0.39),P=0.003]、术后末次随访椎间隙丢失高度[SMD=-3.01,95%CI(-5.74,-0.29),P=0.03]、术后3个月颈椎功能障碍指数[SMD=-0.34,95%CI(-0.66,-0.03),P=0.03]、假体塌陷率[OR=0.19,95%CI(0.11,0.32),P<0.00001]、术后吞咽不适发生率[OR=0.43,95%CI(0.21,0.90),P=0.03]方面均优于对照组,差异有显著性意义;在手术出血量、住院时间、术后日本骨科协会评分、术后目测类比评分、术后颈椎功能障碍指数(术后6个月、末次随访)、椎体融合率方面,两组差异无显著性意义(P>0.05)。结论:与传统钛笼相比,3D打印人工椎体在提高手术效率、维持术后椎间隙高度、减少术后吞咽不适发生率及假体塌陷率方面具有明显优势。
