The Functional Contentment Model (FCM) attains two objectives: 1) building a relationship focused plan of care for nursing home residents diagnosed with dementia;and 2) maximizing and maintaining older adults’ conten...The Functional Contentment Model (FCM) attains two objectives: 1) building a relationship focused plan of care for nursing home residents diagnosed with dementia;and 2) maximizing and maintaining older adults’ contentment, peace, and happiness while living in dementia care environments. There are three essential components within the FCM: 1) Person/Family Centered Care;2) Slow Medicine;and 3) Team Care Management. The principles of “Person/Family-Centered Care” are coupled with the philosophy of “Slow Medicine,” and neither can exist without the engagement of “Team Care Management.” In short, the FCM maximizes the older adult’s potential functioning in activities of daily living, cognition, gross and fine motor skills, communication, and physical well-being, while maintaining the highest possible level of contentment, peace, and happiness. This is accomplished through dynamically utilized professional modalities adapted to the changing needs of the older adult resident—pharmacologic, physical and occupational therapies, family education and involvement, dietary, spiritual, stimulating activities, as well as any individualized modality. The lead for operationalizing the Functional Contentment Model is the nursing home medical director, whose key role is assuring a team approach to care including the older adult resident, the family, and all staff (dietary, housekeeping maintenance as well as care and administrative staff). The FCM is a culture change model that has implications in practice and policy for each nursing home.展开更多
Amid the lingering chill of a Beijing spring during China’s annual Two Sessions,Zheng Wangchun strode into the lounge after finishing the morning’s group discussion.The deputy to the National People’s Congress and ...Amid the lingering chill of a Beijing spring during China’s annual Two Sessions,Zheng Wangchun strode into the lounge after finishing the morning’s group discussion.The deputy to the National People’s Congress and secretary of the CPC Gulu Village Branch,better known as Cliff Village,in Hanyuan County,Ya’an City,Sichuan Province,was still dressed in his Yi ethnic waistcoat.展开更多
Alternate wetting and drying irrigation(AWD)significantly influences the cooking and eating quality of rice(Oryza sativa L.).However,the mechanisms by which AWD affects rice cooking and eating quality remain unclear.L...Alternate wetting and drying irrigation(AWD)significantly influences the cooking and eating quality of rice(Oryza sativa L.).However,the mechanisms by which AWD affects rice cooking and eating quality remain unclear.Lipid and free fatty acid contents in grains correlate positively with cooking and eating quality of rice.This study examined Yangdao 6(YD6,a conventional taste indica inbred)and Nanjing 9108(NJ9108,a superior taste japonica inbred)cultivated under conventional irrigation(CI),alternate wetting and moderate drying irrigation(AWMD),and alternate wetting and severe drying irrigation(AWSD)from 10 days after transplanting to maturity.The research investigated the relationship between lipid and free fatty acid biosynthesis in grains and the cooking and eating quality of rice.Compared to CI treatment,AWMD significantly enhanced the contents of lipid,total free fatty acids(TFFAs),free unsaturated fatty acids(FUFAs),linoleic acid,and oleic acid in milled rice by increasing activities of enzymes associated with lipid synthesis,while AWSD produced opposite effects.Correlation analysis revealed that elevated levels of lipid,TFFAs,FUFAs,linoleic acid,and oleic acid contribute to improved rice cooking and eating quality.The findings demonstrate that AWMD enhances cooking and eating quality of milled rice through optimization of lipid and fatty acid synthesis in rice grains.展开更多
Background:Investigators from low-,middle-,and high-income countries representing 6 continents contributed to the development of the Global Adolescent and Child Physical Activity Questionnaire(GAC-PAQ).The GAC-PAQ is ...Background:Investigators from low-,middle-,and high-income countries representing 6 continents contributed to the development of the Global Adolescent and Child Physical Activity Questionnaire(GAC-PAQ).The GAC-PAQ is designed to assess physical activity(PA)across all key domains(i.e.,school,chores,work/volunteering,transport,free time,outdoor time).It aimed to address multiple gaps in global PA surveillance(e.g.,omission of important PA domains,insufficient cultural adaptation,underrepresentation of rural areas in questionnaire validation studies).The purpose of this study was to assess the content validity of the GAC-PAQ among PA experts,8-to 17-year-olds,and one of their parents/guardians,and to discuss changes made to the questionnaire based on participants'feedback.Methods:Sixty-two experts in PA measurement and/or surveillance from 24 countries completed an online survey that included both closed-and open-ended questions about the content validity of the GAC-PAQ.The proportion of experts who agreed or strongly agreed with the items was calculated.Child-parent/guardian dyads from 15 countries(n=250;10-40 per country)participated in a structured cognitive interview to assess the clarity of the questions and response options,and they were encouraged to provide suggestions to improve clarity and facilitate completion of the questionnaire.Participating countries are:Aotearoa New Zealand,Brazil,Canada,China,Colombia,Czech Republic,India,Malawi,Mexico,Nepal,Nigeria,Spain,Sweden,Thailand,and the United Arab Emirates.Interviews were conducted in 13 different languages and structured by PA domain.Generic images were included to help participants in answering questions about PA intensity.Results:Expert agreement with the items for each domain exceeded 75%,and their qualitative feedback was used to revise the questionnaire before cognitive interviews.In general,participants found the questionnaire to be comprehensive.Adolescents(12-17 years)found it easier than children(8-11 years)to answer the questions.Several children struggled to answer questions about the duration and intensity of activities and/or concepts related to travel modes,active trips,and organized activities.Many parents/guardians were unsure about the frequency,duration,and intensity of their children's or adolescents'PA at school and/or recommended using more culturally relevant and appropriate images.Some participants misunderstood the concept of activities that“make you stronger”(intended to assess resistance activities)and/or struggled to differentiate between work,volunteering,and chores.Conclusion:Participants'feedback was used to develop a revised,simplified,and culturally adapted GAC-PAQ,which will be pilot-tested in all15 countries in an App that will include country-specific images and narration in local languages.Further research is needed to assess the reliability and validity of the revised GAC-PAQ.展开更多
Rock-ice avalanches in cold high-mountain regions pose severe hazards due to their high mobility,yet the quantitative controls of particle-size ratio and ice content remain insufficiently constrained.This study invest...Rock-ice avalanches in cold high-mountain regions pose severe hazards due to their high mobility,yet the quantitative controls of particle-size ratio and ice content remain insufficiently constrained.This study investigates their coupled effects using inclinedflume experiments and Discrete Element Method(DEM)simulations,covering three gravel sizes(2-5 mm,5-7 mm,7-10 mm)and four ice-content levels(0%,20%,40%,60%).Run-out distance,velocity,energy components,flow regime(Savage number),and segregation indexαwere quantified.Increasing ice content significantly enhances mobility,but with diminishing marginal effectiveness.From 0%to 40%ice content,run-out distance increases by 41%-86%,whereas the additional increase from 40%to 60%contributes only 12%-23%.Particle-size ratio strongly governs segregation intensity.Fine-gravel groups reach segregation indices ofα=0.92-0.98,indicating nearly complete upward migration of ice,whereas medium-gravel and coarse-gravel groups exhibit much weaker segregation,stabilizing atα=0.68-0.74 and 0.60-0.69.Savage number analyses reveal marked flow-regime transitions.At 0%ice content,Savage numbers reach 1.0-1.5,indicating a collisional regime.Increasing ice content suppresses collisionality,with Savage numbers decreasing to 0.03-0.07 at 60%ice content,consistent with dense-regime flow.DEM energy analyses confirm this regime shift:for finegravel mixtures,collision energy decreases by 14%,while sliding-friction energy increases by 33%as ice content increases from 0%to 60%,reflecting enhanced overburden effects imposed by upward-segregated ice layers.Medium and coarse mixtures exhibit weaker or opposite energy-shift patterns,demonstrating strong size dependence.Mechanistically,large particle-size contrasts promote strong segregation and form dense basal rock layers that increase basal friction and reduce mobility.When particle sizes are similar or ice content is high,segregation remains limited,allowing ice to mix into the basal layer,thereby reducing basal friction and enhancing mobility.This research quantitatively demonstrates how composition controls particle spatial distribution,flow regime,and energy dissipation,offering new mechanistic insights into the propagation and deposition behaviors of rock-ice avalanches and improving hazard assessment in vulnerable high-mountain regions.展开更多
This study demonstrates a novel integration of large language models,machine learning,and multicriteria decision-making to investigate self-moderation in small online communities,a topic under-explored compared to use...This study demonstrates a novel integration of large language models,machine learning,and multicriteria decision-making to investigate self-moderation in small online communities,a topic under-explored compared to user behavior and platform-driven moderation on social media.The proposed methodological framework(1)utilizes large language models for social media post analysis and categorization,(2)employs k-means clustering for content characterization,and(3)incorporates the TODIM(Tomada de Decisão Interativa Multicritério)method to determine moderation strategies based on expert judgments.In general,the fully integrated framework leverages the strengths of these intelligent systems in a more systematic evaluation of large-scale decision problems.When applied in social media moderation,this approach promotes nuanced and context-sensitive self-moderation by taking into account factors such as cultural background and geographic location.The application of this framework is demonstrated within Facebook groups.Eight distinct content clusters encompassing safety,harassment,diversity,and misinformation are identified.Analysis revealed a preference for content removal across all clusters,suggesting a cautious approach towards potentially harmful content.However,the framework also highlights the use of other moderation actions,like account suspension,depending on the content category.These findings contribute to the growing body of research on self-moderation and offer valuable insights for creating safer and more inclusive online spaces within smaller communities.展开更多
The Australian sugarcane industry has long maintained high sugar content in cane and ranks among the world's lowest-cost raw sugar producers.This paper analyzes the key factors behind this competitive performance....The Australian sugarcane industry has long maintained high sugar content in cane and ranks among the world's lowest-cost raw sugar producers.This paper analyzes the key factors behind this competitive performance.It examines industry statistics,cost of production studies,historical records,and international comparisons.The analysis shows that the industryʼs advantage stems not from any single factor,but from a combination of six elements:(a)a climate favorable for high sucrose accumulation;(b)economies of scale in both farming and milling;(c)a high level of mechanization,particularly in harvesting;(d)a cane pricing formula that incentivizes high sugar content;(e)a research and development system that is mandatory-funded,industry-led,and industry-controlled by growers and millers;and(f)prolonged exposure to international competition with minimal trade protection.For other sugar-producing countries aiming to lower costs,this suggests pathways such as facilitating farm consolidation,introducing mechanization within suitably adapted farming systems,reforming cane payment systems to reward sugar content,refocusing R&D investment to better meet industry needs,and optimizing nutrient management to reduce nitrogen fertilizer use.展开更多
We investigated the effects of fly ash(FA)content on the mechanical properties of recycled aggregate concrete(RAC)and its regeneration potential under freeze and thaw(F-T)cycles.The physical properties of second-gener...We investigated the effects of fly ash(FA)content on the mechanical properties of recycled aggregate concrete(RAC)and its regeneration potential under freeze and thaw(F-T)cycles.The physical properties of second-generation recycled concrete aggregates(RCA)were used to analyze the regeneration potential of RAC after F-T cycles.Scanning electron microscopy was used to study the interfacial transition zone microstructure of RAC after F-T cycles.Results showed that adding 20%FA to RAC significantly enhanced its mechanical properties and frost resistance.Before the F-T cycles,the compressive strength of RAC with 20%FA reached 48.3 MPa,exceeding research strength target of 40 MPa.A majority of second-generation RCA with FA had been verified to attain class Ⅲ,which enabled their practical application in non-structural projects such as backfill trenches and road pavement.However,the second-generation RCA with 20%FA can achieve class Ⅱ,making it ideal for 40 MPa structural concrete.展开更多
The Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea are among the global shelf seas susceptible to typhoons every year.Using observations and high-resolution numerical simulations,the current study investigates the dramatic changes in tempe...The Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea are among the global shelf seas susceptible to typhoons every year.Using observations and high-resolution numerical simulations,the current study investigates the dramatic changes in temperature and ocean heat content(OHC)of the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea caused by Super Typhoon Maysak in early September 2020,which is representative of northward/northeastward-bypassing typhoons with centers just to the east of the study area.Temperature shows spatially coherent cooling in the upper mixed layer but warming in the subsurface layer in the majority of the offshore waters,due to wind-enhanced vertical mixing.In lower layers from the thermocline to sea bottom,temperature experiences significant warming in northeastern coastal waters of the Shandong Peninsula and in regions just off the Subei Shoal,but significant cooling in western coastal waters of the Korean Peninsula and southern coastal waters of the Shandong Peninsula.Significant temperature warming/cooling in lower layers is caused by coastal downwelling/upwelling.The total OHC of the study area decreases rapidly during Typhoon Maysak(2020)’s passage,which is generated comparably by latent heat loss at the sea surface and southward heat advection out of the study area at the southern boundary.Reduced shortwave radiation contributes positively but secondarily to the decreasing OHC during the first day.A numerical experiment suggests that Typhoon Maysak(2020)-induced OHC decline could have greatly affected the regional climate evolution in the following seasons.More studies are needed to fully understand the impacts of typhoons on regional climate changes in shelf seas at different time scales.展开更多
Extreme climate events(e.g.,heatwaves and droughts)are becoming increasingly frequent due to global climate change,which inevitably affects tree growth and various other ecological processes.While the impacts of droug...Extreme climate events(e.g.,heatwaves and droughts)are becoming increasingly frequent due to global climate change,which inevitably affects tree growth and various other ecological processes.While the impacts of droughts on these processes have been widely evaluated,the effects of heatwaves on tree growth and soil water content(SWC)remain poorly understood,particularly those related to thinning treatment.In this study,we evaluated the impacts of the 2021 Pacific Northwest Heatwave and thinning on forest growth and SWC,as well as assessed how thinning might mitigate the heatwave's impacts in lodgepole pine forests in British Columbia,Canada.We measured meteorological data(air temperature,rainfall,solar radiation(SR),relative humidity(RH),and wind speed(W_(s)),sap flow,SWC,soil temperature(T_(s)),and tree diameters at the breast height(DBH)during the growing season(June–September)in the control(27,000 stems·ha^(-1)),lightly thinned(4,500 stems·ha^(-1)),and heavily thinned(1,100 stems·ha^(-1))experimental plots from 2018 to 2024.We found that thinning persistently and significantly(p<0.05)increased individual tree growth,with the most pronounced effects in the heavily thinned stands.The 2021 Pacific Northwest Heatwave led to an exceptionally hot growing season,significantly(p<0.05)reducing forest growth and SWC across all plots.Forest growth recovered in 2022 in the thinned plots but remained suppressed in the unthinned plots,suggesting that thinning effectively mitigated the impact of the heatwave on forest growth,while the heatwave's impacts were persistent in the unthinned plots.Our study highlights that thinning is a practical management strategy for improving tree growth and supporting climate change adaptation to extreme climate events.展开更多
Slope units are divided according to the real topography and have clear geological characteristics,making them ideal units for evaluating the susceptibility to geological disasters.Based on the results of automaticall...Slope units are divided according to the real topography and have clear geological characteristics,making them ideal units for evaluating the susceptibility to geological disasters.Based on the results of automatically and manually corrected hydrological slope unit division,the Longhua District,Shenzhen City,Guangdong Province,was selected as the study area.A total of 15 influencing factors,namely Fluctuation,slope,slope aspect,curvature,topographic witness index(TWI),stream power index(SPI),topographic roughness index(TRI),annual average rainfall,distance to water system,engineering rock group,distance to fault,land use,normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI),nighttime light,and distance to road,were selected as evaluation indicators.The information volume model(IV)and random points were used to select non-geological disaster units,and then the random forest model(RF)was used to evaluate the susceptibility to geological disasters.The automatic slope unit and the hydrological slope unit were compared and analyzed in the random forest and information volume random forest models.The results show that the area under the curve(AUC)values of the automatic slope unit evaluation results are 0.931 for the IV-RF model and 0.716 for the RF model,which are 0.6%(IV-RF model)and 1.9%(RF model)higher than those for the hydrological slope unit.Based on a comparison of the evaluation methods based on the two types of slope units,the hydrological slope unit evaluation method based on manual correction is highly subjective,is complicated to operate,and has a low evaluation accuracy,whereas the evaluation method based on automatic slope unit division is efficient and accurate,is suitable for large-scale efficient geological disaster evaluation,and can better deal with the problem of geological disaster susceptibility evaluation.展开更多
Belowground bud banks are essential for the regeneration of plant population in arid desert areas,and their response to environmental changes could reflect adaptive strategies of plants to desert habitats.However,the ...Belowground bud banks are essential for the regeneration of plant population in arid desert areas,and their response to environmental changes could reflect adaptive strategies of plants to desert habitats.However,the size and composition of belowground bud banks and their response to environmental factors in the desert steppe zone remain poorly understood,challenging desertification control efforts in arid desert areas.This study examined the density and vertical distribution of horizontal and vertical rhizome buds of a rhizomatous legume herb Sophora alopecuroides L.,its population characteristics,and soil physical-chemical properties in three habitats(interdune lowland(IL),flat sandy land(FSL),and desert steppe(DS))in a desert steppe zone,northern China.Our findings revealed that:(1)total and horizontal rhizome bud densities of S.alopecuroides differed significantly among the three habitats(P<0.05),with the largest total rhizome bud density(177 buds/m2)in IL and the smallest(63 buds/m2)in DS;(2)horizontal rhizome buds distributed in the deep soil layer were dominant in IL,while vertical rhizome buds in the top soil layer were predominant in DS;and(3)soil coarse sand,nutrient content,and population density were the primary factors affecting bud bank density of S.alopecuroides.Specifically,horizontal rhizome buds were dependent largely on soil coarse sand content,and vertical rhizome buds tended to be more related to soil organic matter content and population density.Our results indicated that horizontal rhizome buds were more important in IL with frequent aeolian disturbance,whereas vertical rhizome buds were more important in DS with abundant water and nutrient resources.The plastic responses and survival strategies of S.alopecuroides bud bank to different habitats provide valuable information for the effective implementation of desertification control measures and the management of desert steppe ecosystems.展开更多
The growing demand for renewable energy has increased the use of wood pellets as a clean and efficient biomass fuel.This study aims to evaluate the physical properties of wood pellets produced from Acacia hybrid(AC)ve...The growing demand for renewable energy has increased the use of wood pellets as a clean and efficient biomass fuel.This study aims to evaluate the physical properties of wood pellets produced from Acacia hybrid(AC)veneer waste and Pine wood(PW)waste mixed with varying ratios.The objectives are to investigate the effect of different blend ratios ofAcacia hybrid veneer waste and pine wood waste on the physical properties,specificallymoisture content,density,and pellet durability index(PDI)of wood pellets,and to identify the optimal ratio that yields the most desirable pellet quality.The wood pellets were produced by blending Acacia hybrid veneer waste and Pine wood waste(AC:PW)in weight ratios of 100:0,75:25,50:50,25:75,and 0:100.The materials were dried to 10%–12%moisture before pelletizing using a pellet mill under consistent pressure and temperature.Moisture content(MC),density(ρ)and pellet durability index(PDI)were measured following the International Organization for Standardization(ISO).The study found that blending Acacia hybrid veneer waste with Pine wood waste significantly improved pellet density and durability compared to the control.The moisture was lowest in pellets with 50:50 and 25:75 blends,indicating better drying and stability.The blend 50:50 achieves the highest density,and for pellet durability index,the best blend is 25:75,suggesting improved resistance to breakage.Overall,the 50:50 and 25:75 ratios produced pellet with the most desirable combination of low moisture,high density,high durability and the blend meets key ISO 17225 and ENplus quality standards for industrial wood pellet.展开更多
Urban forests are highly multifunctional and provide numerous ecological functions.Plant functional traits individually or jointly influence the ecological multifunctionality of tree species(TS-EMF)and can also modify...Urban forests are highly multifunctional and provide numerous ecological functions.Plant functional traits individually or jointly influence the ecological multifunctionality of tree species(TS-EMF)and can also modify TSEMF in response to environmental changes.However,there has been limited exploration of multitrait combinations for predicting TS-EMF across seasons and of trait thresholds that enhance TS-EMF.Here,for 10 dominant tree species in urban forests of Northeast China,14 traits were measured and four aboveground and three belowground ecological functions assessed in three seasons.Ecological functions and TS-EMF differed significantly throughout the seasons(P<0.05).Synergistic relationships were found between carbon sequestration and oxygen release,between cooling and humidification,and between organic carbon accumulation and nutrient cycling.Notably,aboveground multifunctionality played a leading role in TS-EMF.With seasonal changes,resource allocation shifted toward traits related to resource acquisition rather than conservation to maintain TS-EMF.The combination of traits that predicted TS-EMF varied by type,accounting for up to 66.45%of the variation.TS-EMF was primarily driven by leaf structure in spring and by nutrient accumulation in autumn.Leaf carbon content(LCC)consistently served as a stabilizing factor for predicting TS-EMF across seasons.At 36.5-36.8 mg g^(-1),LCC had its optimal effect on TS-EMF.Other traits in combination that positively influence total TS-EMF include leaf nitrogen content(3.43-3.45 mg g^(-1)),leaf phosphorus content(0.80-0.83 mg g^(-1)),and leaf area(65.86-68.43 cm^(2)).Within these specified trait thresholds,Morus alba and Quercus mongolica were identified as key species.These findings suggest that the trade-off between various ecological functions can be managed by altering plant traits across seasons.This approach could provide a theoretical foundation for enhancing the TS-EMF of urban forests through trait-based management,offering practical guidance for selecting tree species.展开更多
Understanding plant responses under low-pressure conditions is important for developing closed cultivation systems that simulate space environments.This study aimed to assess the effects of different pressure levels o...Understanding plant responses under low-pressure conditions is important for developing closed cultivation systems that simulate space environments.This study aimed to assess the effects of different pressure levels on growth,photosynthesis,and secondary metabolite accumulation in red leaf lettuce(Lactuca sativa L.var.‘Super Caesar’s Red’).Plants were cultivated for three weeks in sealed chambers under 101 kPa(atmospheric pressure),66 kPa(moderate low pressure),and 33 kPa(severe low pressure).Growth analysis showed that leaf length and leaf area decreased significantly with reduced pressure,while chlorophyll content and SPAD values increased gradually.Photosynthetic measurements indicated lower transpiration and stomatal conductance under low pressure relative to atmospheric conditions,consistent with reduced stomatal size and density observed by SEM.Secondary metabolite analysis showed strong induction of anthocyanins(41.3%at 66 kPa and 190.8%at 33 kPa),with significant increases in phenolic and flavonoid contents.Thus,low-pressure conditions may suppress morphological growth but promote secondary metabolite contents,offering potential advantages for quality-oriented cultivation strategies.This study provides fundamental insights into physiological adaptation under low pressure and practical implications for crop selection and management in space agriculture and other controlled environments.展开更多
Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has garnered increasing attention globally,with its modernization becoming a prominent research focus both within China and internationally.However,the lack of a precise definition for...Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has garnered increasing attention globally,with its modernization becoming a prominent research focus both within China and internationally.However,the lack of a precise definition for TCM modernization has hindered clear guidance for its development.Additionally,cancer remains a significant global public health challenge,largely untreatable with current methods.Therefore,a comprehensive understanding of TCM modernization is crucial for its evolution,revolution,drug discovery,and cancer therapy.This study provides an overview of the history,theory,characteristics,and evolution of TCM,highlighting its potential in cancer prevention and treatment.We propose a definition for TCM modernization,innovative Chinese medicine(ICM),and elucidate strategies to elevate TCM from a supporting role to a leading one.Electronic databases such as PubMed,Web of Science,ScienceDirect,and Clinical Trials were utilized to retrieve relevant literature spanning from 1979 to 2024,with most publications being from the last five years,using keywords like“Traditional Chinese medicine”,“Cancer”,“Mechanism”,and“Clinical trial”.In this study,we introduce the theory of TCM modernization following target identification and initial compound screening:ICM,defined by“3 D”elements:definite active ingredient composition and content,determined functional mechanism,and detection through evidence-based medicine.Overall,the“3 D”definition of ICM will establish a standard for ICM,accelerate TCM modernization,enhance drug discovery targeting cancer and various human diseases,and benefit patients worldwide.展开更多
With the efficient and intelligent development of computer-based big data processing,applying machine learning methods to the processing and interpretation of logging data in the field of geophysical well logging has ...With the efficient and intelligent development of computer-based big data processing,applying machine learning methods to the processing and interpretation of logging data in the field of geophysical well logging has broad potential for improving production efficiency.Currently,the Jiyuan Oilfield in the Ordos Basin relies mainly on manual reprocessing and interpretation of old well logging data to identify different fluid types in low-contrast reservoirs,guiding subsequent production work.This study uses well logging data from the Chang 1 reservoir,partitioning the dataset based on individual wells for model training and testing.A deep learning model for intelligent reservoir fluid identification was constructed by incorporating the focal loss function.Comparative validations with five other models,including logistic regression(LR),naive Bayes(NB),gradient boosting decision trees(GBDT),random forest(RF),and support vector machine(SVM),show that this model demonstrates superior identification performance and significantly improves the accuracy of identifying oil-bearing fluids.Mutual information analysis reveals the model's differential dependency on various logging parameters for reservoir fluid identification.This model provides important references and a basis for conducting regional studies and revisiting old wells,demonstrating practical value that can be widely applied.展开更多
IT is 45 years since Chen Xiuhe and I married on January 31, 1948, when my hometown was liberated. However, at that time there existed no law about marriage, so mine was an old-style union. My mother was ill and our d...IT is 45 years since Chen Xiuhe and I married on January 31, 1948, when my hometown was liberated. However, at that time there existed no law about marriage, so mine was an old-style union. My mother was ill and our domestic affairs needed managing. My parents and hers decided for us that we should be married—I was 15 and she was 18. I didn’t know much about worldly affairs except I knew I should study展开更多
With the emergence of general foundational models,such as Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer(ChatGPT),researchers have shown considerable interest in the potential applications of foundation models in the process...With the emergence of general foundational models,such as Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer(ChatGPT),researchers have shown considerable interest in the potential applications of foundation models in the process industry.This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the challenges and opportunities presented by the use of foundation models in the process industry,including the frameworks,core applications,and future prospects.First,this paper proposes a framework for foundation models for the process industry.Second,it summarizes the key capabilities of industrial foundation models and their practical applications.Finally,it highlights future research directions and identifies unresolved open issues related to the use of foundation models in the process industry.展开更多
The endpoint carbon content in the converter is critical for the quality of steel products,and accurately predicting this parameter is an effective way to reduce alloy consumption and improve smelting efficiency.Howev...The endpoint carbon content in the converter is critical for the quality of steel products,and accurately predicting this parameter is an effective way to reduce alloy consumption and improve smelting efficiency.However,most scholars currently focus on modifying methods to enhance model accuracy,while overlooking the extent to which input parameters influence accuracy.To address this issue,in this study,a prediction model for the endpoint carbon content in the converter was developed using factor analysis(FA)and support vector machine(SVM)optimized by improved particle swarm optimization(IPSO).Analysis of the factors influencing the endpoint carbon content during the converter smelting process led to the identification of 21 input parameters.Subsequently,FA was used to reduce the dimensionality of the data and applied to the prediction model.The results demonstrate that the performance of the FA-IPSO-SVM model surpasses several existing methods,such as twin support vector regression and support vector machine.The model achieves hit rates of 89.59%,96.21%,and 98.74%within error ranges of±0.01%,±0.015%,and±0.02%,respectively.Finally,based on the prediction results obtained by sequentially removing input parameters,the parameters were classified into high influence(5%-7%),medium influence(2%-5%),and low influence(0-2%)categories according to their varying degrees of impact on prediction accuracy.This classi-fication provides a reference for selecting input parameters in future prediction models for endpoint carbon content.展开更多
文摘The Functional Contentment Model (FCM) attains two objectives: 1) building a relationship focused plan of care for nursing home residents diagnosed with dementia;and 2) maximizing and maintaining older adults’ contentment, peace, and happiness while living in dementia care environments. There are three essential components within the FCM: 1) Person/Family Centered Care;2) Slow Medicine;and 3) Team Care Management. The principles of “Person/Family-Centered Care” are coupled with the philosophy of “Slow Medicine,” and neither can exist without the engagement of “Team Care Management.” In short, the FCM maximizes the older adult’s potential functioning in activities of daily living, cognition, gross and fine motor skills, communication, and physical well-being, while maintaining the highest possible level of contentment, peace, and happiness. This is accomplished through dynamically utilized professional modalities adapted to the changing needs of the older adult resident—pharmacologic, physical and occupational therapies, family education and involvement, dietary, spiritual, stimulating activities, as well as any individualized modality. The lead for operationalizing the Functional Contentment Model is the nursing home medical director, whose key role is assuring a team approach to care including the older adult resident, the family, and all staff (dietary, housekeeping maintenance as well as care and administrative staff). The FCM is a culture change model that has implications in practice and policy for each nursing home.
文摘Amid the lingering chill of a Beijing spring during China’s annual Two Sessions,Zheng Wangchun strode into the lounge after finishing the morning’s group discussion.The deputy to the National People’s Congress and secretary of the CPC Gulu Village Branch,better known as Cliff Village,in Hanyuan County,Ya’an City,Sichuan Province,was still dressed in his Yi ethnic waistcoat.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,China(BK20241931 and BK 20221371)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32071943,32372214,and 31901444)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD2300304)。
文摘Alternate wetting and drying irrigation(AWD)significantly influences the cooking and eating quality of rice(Oryza sativa L.).However,the mechanisms by which AWD affects rice cooking and eating quality remain unclear.Lipid and free fatty acid contents in grains correlate positively with cooking and eating quality of rice.This study examined Yangdao 6(YD6,a conventional taste indica inbred)and Nanjing 9108(NJ9108,a superior taste japonica inbred)cultivated under conventional irrigation(CI),alternate wetting and moderate drying irrigation(AWMD),and alternate wetting and severe drying irrigation(AWSD)from 10 days after transplanting to maturity.The research investigated the relationship between lipid and free fatty acid biosynthesis in grains and the cooking and eating quality of rice.Compared to CI treatment,AWMD significantly enhanced the contents of lipid,total free fatty acids(TFFAs),free unsaturated fatty acids(FUFAs),linoleic acid,and oleic acid in milled rice by increasing activities of enzymes associated with lipid synthesis,while AWSD produced opposite effects.Correlation analysis revealed that elevated levels of lipid,TFFAs,FUFAs,linoleic acid,and oleic acid contribute to improved rice cooking and eating quality.The findings demonstrate that AWMD enhances cooking and eating quality of milled rice through optimization of lipid and fatty acid synthesis in rice grains.
基金supported by a Project Grant(Grant No.PJT183705)an Early Career Investigator Prize(Grant No.ECP 184184)from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research+7 种基金a Prentice Institute Research Affiliate Fund Grant from the Prentice Institute for Global Population and Economy(Grant No.G00004116)a Te Herenga Waka Victoria University of Wellington Division of Science Health Engineering Architecture and Design Innovation Faculty Strategic Research Grant(Grant No.FSRG-SHEADI-10724)The Thailand Physical Activity Knowledge Development Centre(TPAK)/Thai Health Promotion Foundation provided funding for the cognitive interviews and pilot study in Thailand(Grant No.66-P1-0473)The University Pablo de Olavide provided a scholarship for 2 undergraduate students working on the project(codes PPI2207 and PPI2308)In the Czech Republicthe study was supported by Palacky University IGA(Grant No.IGA_FTK_2023_017)supported by the Division of Intramural Research at the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities of the National Institutes of Healthsupported by the Key Project of the National Philosophy and Social Science Foundation of China(23&ZD197)。
文摘Background:Investigators from low-,middle-,and high-income countries representing 6 continents contributed to the development of the Global Adolescent and Child Physical Activity Questionnaire(GAC-PAQ).The GAC-PAQ is designed to assess physical activity(PA)across all key domains(i.e.,school,chores,work/volunteering,transport,free time,outdoor time).It aimed to address multiple gaps in global PA surveillance(e.g.,omission of important PA domains,insufficient cultural adaptation,underrepresentation of rural areas in questionnaire validation studies).The purpose of this study was to assess the content validity of the GAC-PAQ among PA experts,8-to 17-year-olds,and one of their parents/guardians,and to discuss changes made to the questionnaire based on participants'feedback.Methods:Sixty-two experts in PA measurement and/or surveillance from 24 countries completed an online survey that included both closed-and open-ended questions about the content validity of the GAC-PAQ.The proportion of experts who agreed or strongly agreed with the items was calculated.Child-parent/guardian dyads from 15 countries(n=250;10-40 per country)participated in a structured cognitive interview to assess the clarity of the questions and response options,and they were encouraged to provide suggestions to improve clarity and facilitate completion of the questionnaire.Participating countries are:Aotearoa New Zealand,Brazil,Canada,China,Colombia,Czech Republic,India,Malawi,Mexico,Nepal,Nigeria,Spain,Sweden,Thailand,and the United Arab Emirates.Interviews were conducted in 13 different languages and structured by PA domain.Generic images were included to help participants in answering questions about PA intensity.Results:Expert agreement with the items for each domain exceeded 75%,and their qualitative feedback was used to revise the questionnaire before cognitive interviews.In general,participants found the questionnaire to be comprehensive.Adolescents(12-17 years)found it easier than children(8-11 years)to answer the questions.Several children struggled to answer questions about the duration and intensity of activities and/or concepts related to travel modes,active trips,and organized activities.Many parents/guardians were unsure about the frequency,duration,and intensity of their children's or adolescents'PA at school and/or recommended using more culturally relevant and appropriate images.Some participants misunderstood the concept of activities that“make you stronger”(intended to assess resistance activities)and/or struggled to differentiate between work,volunteering,and chores.Conclusion:Participants'feedback was used to develop a revised,simplified,and culturally adapted GAC-PAQ,which will be pilot-tested in all15 countries in an App that will include country-specific images and narration in local languages.Further research is needed to assess the reliability and validity of the revised GAC-PAQ.
基金funded by the Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants No 42277127)。
文摘Rock-ice avalanches in cold high-mountain regions pose severe hazards due to their high mobility,yet the quantitative controls of particle-size ratio and ice content remain insufficiently constrained.This study investigates their coupled effects using inclinedflume experiments and Discrete Element Method(DEM)simulations,covering three gravel sizes(2-5 mm,5-7 mm,7-10 mm)and four ice-content levels(0%,20%,40%,60%).Run-out distance,velocity,energy components,flow regime(Savage number),and segregation indexαwere quantified.Increasing ice content significantly enhances mobility,but with diminishing marginal effectiveness.From 0%to 40%ice content,run-out distance increases by 41%-86%,whereas the additional increase from 40%to 60%contributes only 12%-23%.Particle-size ratio strongly governs segregation intensity.Fine-gravel groups reach segregation indices ofα=0.92-0.98,indicating nearly complete upward migration of ice,whereas medium-gravel and coarse-gravel groups exhibit much weaker segregation,stabilizing atα=0.68-0.74 and 0.60-0.69.Savage number analyses reveal marked flow-regime transitions.At 0%ice content,Savage numbers reach 1.0-1.5,indicating a collisional regime.Increasing ice content suppresses collisionality,with Savage numbers decreasing to 0.03-0.07 at 60%ice content,consistent with dense-regime flow.DEM energy analyses confirm this regime shift:for finegravel mixtures,collision energy decreases by 14%,while sliding-friction energy increases by 33%as ice content increases from 0%to 60%,reflecting enhanced overburden effects imposed by upward-segregated ice layers.Medium and coarse mixtures exhibit weaker or opposite energy-shift patterns,demonstrating strong size dependence.Mechanistically,large particle-size contrasts promote strong segregation and form dense basal rock layers that increase basal friction and reduce mobility.When particle sizes are similar or ice content is high,segregation remains limited,allowing ice to mix into the basal layer,thereby reducing basal friction and enhancing mobility.This research quantitatively demonstrates how composition controls particle spatial distribution,flow regime,and energy dissipation,offering new mechanistic insights into the propagation and deposition behaviors of rock-ice avalanches and improving hazard assessment in vulnerable high-mountain regions.
基金funded by the Office of the Vice-President for Research and Development of Cebu Technological University.
文摘This study demonstrates a novel integration of large language models,machine learning,and multicriteria decision-making to investigate self-moderation in small online communities,a topic under-explored compared to user behavior and platform-driven moderation on social media.The proposed methodological framework(1)utilizes large language models for social media post analysis and categorization,(2)employs k-means clustering for content characterization,and(3)incorporates the TODIM(Tomada de Decisão Interativa Multicritério)method to determine moderation strategies based on expert judgments.In general,the fully integrated framework leverages the strengths of these intelligent systems in a more systematic evaluation of large-scale decision problems.When applied in social media moderation,this approach promotes nuanced and context-sensitive self-moderation by taking into account factors such as cultural background and geographic location.The application of this framework is demonstrated within Facebook groups.Eight distinct content clusters encompassing safety,harassment,diversity,and misinformation are identified.Analysis revealed a preference for content removal across all clusters,suggesting a cautious approach towards potentially harmful content.However,the framework also highlights the use of other moderation actions,like account suspension,depending on the content category.These findings contribute to the growing body of research on self-moderation and offer valuable insights for creating safer and more inclusive online spaces within smaller communities.
文摘The Australian sugarcane industry has long maintained high sugar content in cane and ranks among the world's lowest-cost raw sugar producers.This paper analyzes the key factors behind this competitive performance.It examines industry statistics,cost of production studies,historical records,and international comparisons.The analysis shows that the industryʼs advantage stems not from any single factor,but from a combination of six elements:(a)a climate favorable for high sucrose accumulation;(b)economies of scale in both farming and milling;(c)a high level of mechanization,particularly in harvesting;(d)a cane pricing formula that incentivizes high sugar content;(e)a research and development system that is mandatory-funded,industry-led,and industry-controlled by growers and millers;and(f)prolonged exposure to international competition with minimal trade protection.For other sugar-producing countries aiming to lower costs,this suggests pathways such as facilitating farm consolidation,introducing mechanization within suitably adapted farming systems,reforming cane payment systems to reward sugar content,refocusing R&D investment to better meet industry needs,and optimizing nutrient management to reduce nitrogen fertilizer use.
基金Funded by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20220626)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52078068)+2 种基金Science and Technology Innovation Foundation of NIT(No.KCTD006)Jiangsu Marine Structure Service Performance Improvement Engineering Research CenterKey Laboratory of Jiangsu"Marine Floating Wind Power Technology and Equipment"。
文摘We investigated the effects of fly ash(FA)content on the mechanical properties of recycled aggregate concrete(RAC)and its regeneration potential under freeze and thaw(F-T)cycles.The physical properties of second-generation recycled concrete aggregates(RCA)were used to analyze the regeneration potential of RAC after F-T cycles.Scanning electron microscopy was used to study the interfacial transition zone microstructure of RAC after F-T cycles.Results showed that adding 20%FA to RAC significantly enhanced its mechanical properties and frost resistance.Before the F-T cycles,the compressive strength of RAC with 20%FA reached 48.3 MPa,exceeding research strength target of 40 MPa.A majority of second-generation RCA with FA had been verified to attain class Ⅲ,which enabled their practical application in non-structural projects such as backfill trenches and road pavement.However,the second-generation RCA with 20%FA can achieve class Ⅱ,making it ideal for 40 MPa structural concrete.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant Nos.2022YFF0801400 and 2021YFF0704002)the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.ZR2024LQX002)the National Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42176016).
文摘The Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea are among the global shelf seas susceptible to typhoons every year.Using observations and high-resolution numerical simulations,the current study investigates the dramatic changes in temperature and ocean heat content(OHC)of the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea caused by Super Typhoon Maysak in early September 2020,which is representative of northward/northeastward-bypassing typhoons with centers just to the east of the study area.Temperature shows spatially coherent cooling in the upper mixed layer but warming in the subsurface layer in the majority of the offshore waters,due to wind-enhanced vertical mixing.In lower layers from the thermocline to sea bottom,temperature experiences significant warming in northeastern coastal waters of the Shandong Peninsula and in regions just off the Subei Shoal,but significant cooling in western coastal waters of the Korean Peninsula and southern coastal waters of the Shandong Peninsula.Significant temperature warming/cooling in lower layers is caused by coastal downwelling/upwelling.The total OHC of the study area decreases rapidly during Typhoon Maysak(2020)’s passage,which is generated comparably by latent heat loss at the sea surface and southward heat advection out of the study area at the southern boundary.Reduced shortwave radiation contributes positively but secondarily to the decreasing OHC during the first day.A numerical experiment suggests that Typhoon Maysak(2020)-induced OHC decline could have greatly affected the regional climate evolution in the following seasons.More studies are needed to fully understand the impacts of typhoons on regional climate changes in shelf seas at different time scales.
基金supported by the British Columbia Ministry of Forces through long-term annual contracts with University of British Columbia(Okanagan)(No.RE25SIR242)the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(NSERC),Discovery Grants Program(No.RGPIN-2021-02628)+1 种基金supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2024M760387)Heilongjiang Postdoctoral Financial Assistance(No.LBH-Z24062)。
文摘Extreme climate events(e.g.,heatwaves and droughts)are becoming increasingly frequent due to global climate change,which inevitably affects tree growth and various other ecological processes.While the impacts of droughts on these processes have been widely evaluated,the effects of heatwaves on tree growth and soil water content(SWC)remain poorly understood,particularly those related to thinning treatment.In this study,we evaluated the impacts of the 2021 Pacific Northwest Heatwave and thinning on forest growth and SWC,as well as assessed how thinning might mitigate the heatwave's impacts in lodgepole pine forests in British Columbia,Canada.We measured meteorological data(air temperature,rainfall,solar radiation(SR),relative humidity(RH),and wind speed(W_(s)),sap flow,SWC,soil temperature(T_(s)),and tree diameters at the breast height(DBH)during the growing season(June–September)in the control(27,000 stems·ha^(-1)),lightly thinned(4,500 stems·ha^(-1)),and heavily thinned(1,100 stems·ha^(-1))experimental plots from 2018 to 2024.We found that thinning persistently and significantly(p<0.05)increased individual tree growth,with the most pronounced effects in the heavily thinned stands.The 2021 Pacific Northwest Heatwave led to an exceptionally hot growing season,significantly(p<0.05)reducing forest growth and SWC across all plots.Forest growth recovered in 2022 in the thinned plots but remained suppressed in the unthinned plots,suggesting that thinning effectively mitigated the impact of the heatwave on forest growth,while the heatwave's impacts were persistent in the unthinned plots.Our study highlights that thinning is a practical management strategy for improving tree growth and supporting climate change adaptation to extreme climate events.
文摘Slope units are divided according to the real topography and have clear geological characteristics,making them ideal units for evaluating the susceptibility to geological disasters.Based on the results of automatically and manually corrected hydrological slope unit division,the Longhua District,Shenzhen City,Guangdong Province,was selected as the study area.A total of 15 influencing factors,namely Fluctuation,slope,slope aspect,curvature,topographic witness index(TWI),stream power index(SPI),topographic roughness index(TRI),annual average rainfall,distance to water system,engineering rock group,distance to fault,land use,normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI),nighttime light,and distance to road,were selected as evaluation indicators.The information volume model(IV)and random points were used to select non-geological disaster units,and then the random forest model(RF)was used to evaluate the susceptibility to geological disasters.The automatic slope unit and the hydrological slope unit were compared and analyzed in the random forest and information volume random forest models.The results show that the area under the curve(AUC)values of the automatic slope unit evaluation results are 0.931 for the IV-RF model and 0.716 for the RF model,which are 0.6%(IV-RF model)and 1.9%(RF model)higher than those for the hydrological slope unit.Based on a comparison of the evaluation methods based on the two types of slope units,the hydrological slope unit evaluation method based on manual correction is highly subjective,is complicated to operate,and has a low evaluation accuracy,whereas the evaluation method based on automatic slope unit division is efficient and accurate,is suitable for large-scale efficient geological disaster evaluation,and can better deal with the problem of geological disaster susceptibility evaluation.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42207539,42377470)the Key Research and Development Project of Science and Technology Plan of Gansu Province in China International Science and Technology Cooperation Project(25YFWA009).
文摘Belowground bud banks are essential for the regeneration of plant population in arid desert areas,and their response to environmental changes could reflect adaptive strategies of plants to desert habitats.However,the size and composition of belowground bud banks and their response to environmental factors in the desert steppe zone remain poorly understood,challenging desertification control efforts in arid desert areas.This study examined the density and vertical distribution of horizontal and vertical rhizome buds of a rhizomatous legume herb Sophora alopecuroides L.,its population characteristics,and soil physical-chemical properties in three habitats(interdune lowland(IL),flat sandy land(FSL),and desert steppe(DS))in a desert steppe zone,northern China.Our findings revealed that:(1)total and horizontal rhizome bud densities of S.alopecuroides differed significantly among the three habitats(P<0.05),with the largest total rhizome bud density(177 buds/m2)in IL and the smallest(63 buds/m2)in DS;(2)horizontal rhizome buds distributed in the deep soil layer were dominant in IL,while vertical rhizome buds in the top soil layer were predominant in DS;and(3)soil coarse sand,nutrient content,and population density were the primary factors affecting bud bank density of S.alopecuroides.Specifically,horizontal rhizome buds were dependent largely on soil coarse sand content,and vertical rhizome buds tended to be more related to soil organic matter content and population density.Our results indicated that horizontal rhizome buds were more important in IL with frequent aeolian disturbance,whereas vertical rhizome buds were more important in DS with abundant water and nutrient resources.The plastic responses and survival strategies of S.alopecuroides bud bank to different habitats provide valuable information for the effective implementation of desertification control measures and the management of desert steppe ecosystems.
基金the financial support provided by UMS Great(GUG0670-1/2024),which played a crucial role in the completion of this studyAdditionally,we would like to express our sincere appreciation for the financial assistance and scholarships generously offered by the University of Malaysia Sabah(UMS)throughout the Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia(KPT)throughout the research period.These contributions were invaluable in facilitating our research endeavors.
文摘The growing demand for renewable energy has increased the use of wood pellets as a clean and efficient biomass fuel.This study aims to evaluate the physical properties of wood pellets produced from Acacia hybrid(AC)veneer waste and Pine wood(PW)waste mixed with varying ratios.The objectives are to investigate the effect of different blend ratios ofAcacia hybrid veneer waste and pine wood waste on the physical properties,specificallymoisture content,density,and pellet durability index(PDI)of wood pellets,and to identify the optimal ratio that yields the most desirable pellet quality.The wood pellets were produced by blending Acacia hybrid veneer waste and Pine wood waste(AC:PW)in weight ratios of 100:0,75:25,50:50,25:75,and 0:100.The materials were dried to 10%–12%moisture before pelletizing using a pellet mill under consistent pressure and temperature.Moisture content(MC),density(ρ)and pellet durability index(PDI)were measured following the International Organization for Standardization(ISO).The study found that blending Acacia hybrid veneer waste with Pine wood waste significantly improved pellet density and durability compared to the control.The moisture was lowest in pellets with 50:50 and 25:75 blends,indicating better drying and stability.The blend 50:50 achieves the highest density,and for pellet durability index,the best blend is 25:75,suggesting improved resistance to breakage.Overall,the 50:50 and 25:75 ratios produced pellet with the most desirable combination of low moisture,high density,high durability and the blend meets key ISO 17225 and ENplus quality standards for industrial wood pellet.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation(32130068,32271634,and 32071597)CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Silviculture,Institute of Applied Ecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences(KLFES-2025)。
文摘Urban forests are highly multifunctional and provide numerous ecological functions.Plant functional traits individually or jointly influence the ecological multifunctionality of tree species(TS-EMF)and can also modify TSEMF in response to environmental changes.However,there has been limited exploration of multitrait combinations for predicting TS-EMF across seasons and of trait thresholds that enhance TS-EMF.Here,for 10 dominant tree species in urban forests of Northeast China,14 traits were measured and four aboveground and three belowground ecological functions assessed in three seasons.Ecological functions and TS-EMF differed significantly throughout the seasons(P<0.05).Synergistic relationships were found between carbon sequestration and oxygen release,between cooling and humidification,and between organic carbon accumulation and nutrient cycling.Notably,aboveground multifunctionality played a leading role in TS-EMF.With seasonal changes,resource allocation shifted toward traits related to resource acquisition rather than conservation to maintain TS-EMF.The combination of traits that predicted TS-EMF varied by type,accounting for up to 66.45%of the variation.TS-EMF was primarily driven by leaf structure in spring and by nutrient accumulation in autumn.Leaf carbon content(LCC)consistently served as a stabilizing factor for predicting TS-EMF across seasons.At 36.5-36.8 mg g^(-1),LCC had its optimal effect on TS-EMF.Other traits in combination that positively influence total TS-EMF include leaf nitrogen content(3.43-3.45 mg g^(-1)),leaf phosphorus content(0.80-0.83 mg g^(-1)),and leaf area(65.86-68.43 cm^(2)).Within these specified trait thresholds,Morus alba and Quercus mongolica were identified as key species.These findings suggest that the trade-off between various ecological functions can be managed by altering plant traits across seasons.This approach could provide a theoretical foundation for enhancing the TS-EMF of urban forests through trait-based management,offering practical guidance for selecting tree species.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation(NRF)funded by the Korean government(MSIT)(No.RS-2024-00459463).
文摘Understanding plant responses under low-pressure conditions is important for developing closed cultivation systems that simulate space environments.This study aimed to assess the effects of different pressure levels on growth,photosynthesis,and secondary metabolite accumulation in red leaf lettuce(Lactuca sativa L.var.‘Super Caesar’s Red’).Plants were cultivated for three weeks in sealed chambers under 101 kPa(atmospheric pressure),66 kPa(moderate low pressure),and 33 kPa(severe low pressure).Growth analysis showed that leaf length and leaf area decreased significantly with reduced pressure,while chlorophyll content and SPAD values increased gradually.Photosynthetic measurements indicated lower transpiration and stomatal conductance under low pressure relative to atmospheric conditions,consistent with reduced stomatal size and density observed by SEM.Secondary metabolite analysis showed strong induction of anthocyanins(41.3%at 66 kPa and 190.8%at 33 kPa),with significant increases in phenolic and flavonoid contents.Thus,low-pressure conditions may suppress morphological growth but promote secondary metabolite contents,offering potential advantages for quality-oriented cultivation strategies.This study provides fundamental insights into physiological adaptation under low pressure and practical implications for crop selection and management in space agriculture and other controlled environments.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82203343)the National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents of China(No.BX20220273)+3 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2022M712874)Henan Province Key Research and Development Promotion Special Project(Science and Technology)in 2023(No.232102311007)Henan Province Key Scientific Research Project of Colleges and Universities in 2023(No.23A310007)the Outstanding Youth Project of Henan Provincial Natural Science Foundation(No.252300421123)。
文摘Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has garnered increasing attention globally,with its modernization becoming a prominent research focus both within China and internationally.However,the lack of a precise definition for TCM modernization has hindered clear guidance for its development.Additionally,cancer remains a significant global public health challenge,largely untreatable with current methods.Therefore,a comprehensive understanding of TCM modernization is crucial for its evolution,revolution,drug discovery,and cancer therapy.This study provides an overview of the history,theory,characteristics,and evolution of TCM,highlighting its potential in cancer prevention and treatment.We propose a definition for TCM modernization,innovative Chinese medicine(ICM),and elucidate strategies to elevate TCM from a supporting role to a leading one.Electronic databases such as PubMed,Web of Science,ScienceDirect,and Clinical Trials were utilized to retrieve relevant literature spanning from 1979 to 2024,with most publications being from the last five years,using keywords like“Traditional Chinese medicine”,“Cancer”,“Mechanism”,and“Clinical trial”.In this study,we introduce the theory of TCM modernization following target identification and initial compound screening:ICM,defined by“3 D”elements:definite active ingredient composition and content,determined functional mechanism,and detection through evidence-based medicine.Overall,the“3 D”definition of ICM will establish a standard for ICM,accelerate TCM modernization,enhance drug discovery targeting cancer and various human diseases,and benefit patients worldwide.
基金supported by a project of the Shaanxi Youth Science and Technology Star(2021KJXX-87)public welfare geological survey projects of Shaanxi Institute of Geologic Survey(20180301,201918 and 202103)。
文摘With the efficient and intelligent development of computer-based big data processing,applying machine learning methods to the processing and interpretation of logging data in the field of geophysical well logging has broad potential for improving production efficiency.Currently,the Jiyuan Oilfield in the Ordos Basin relies mainly on manual reprocessing and interpretation of old well logging data to identify different fluid types in low-contrast reservoirs,guiding subsequent production work.This study uses well logging data from the Chang 1 reservoir,partitioning the dataset based on individual wells for model training and testing.A deep learning model for intelligent reservoir fluid identification was constructed by incorporating the focal loss function.Comparative validations with five other models,including logistic regression(LR),naive Bayes(NB),gradient boosting decision trees(GBDT),random forest(RF),and support vector machine(SVM),show that this model demonstrates superior identification performance and significantly improves the accuracy of identifying oil-bearing fluids.Mutual information analysis reveals the model's differential dependency on various logging parameters for reservoir fluid identification.This model provides important references and a basis for conducting regional studies and revisiting old wells,demonstrating practical value that can be widely applied.
文摘IT is 45 years since Chen Xiuhe and I married on January 31, 1948, when my hometown was liberated. However, at that time there existed no law about marriage, so mine was an old-style union. My mother was ill and our domestic affairs needed managing. My parents and hers decided for us that we should be married—I was 15 and she was 18. I didn’t know much about worldly affairs except I knew I should study
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62225302,623B2014,and 62173023).
文摘With the emergence of general foundational models,such as Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer(ChatGPT),researchers have shown considerable interest in the potential applications of foundation models in the process industry.This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the challenges and opportunities presented by the use of foundation models in the process industry,including the frameworks,core applications,and future prospects.First,this paper proposes a framework for foundation models for the process industry.Second,it summarizes the key capabilities of industrial foundation models and their practical applications.Finally,it highlights future research directions and identifies unresolved open issues related to the use of foundation models in the process industry.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52174297).
文摘The endpoint carbon content in the converter is critical for the quality of steel products,and accurately predicting this parameter is an effective way to reduce alloy consumption and improve smelting efficiency.However,most scholars currently focus on modifying methods to enhance model accuracy,while overlooking the extent to which input parameters influence accuracy.To address this issue,in this study,a prediction model for the endpoint carbon content in the converter was developed using factor analysis(FA)and support vector machine(SVM)optimized by improved particle swarm optimization(IPSO).Analysis of the factors influencing the endpoint carbon content during the converter smelting process led to the identification of 21 input parameters.Subsequently,FA was used to reduce the dimensionality of the data and applied to the prediction model.The results demonstrate that the performance of the FA-IPSO-SVM model surpasses several existing methods,such as twin support vector regression and support vector machine.The model achieves hit rates of 89.59%,96.21%,and 98.74%within error ranges of±0.01%,±0.015%,and±0.02%,respectively.Finally,based on the prediction results obtained by sequentially removing input parameters,the parameters were classified into high influence(5%-7%),medium influence(2%-5%),and low influence(0-2%)categories according to their varying degrees of impact on prediction accuracy.This classi-fication provides a reference for selecting input parameters in future prediction models for endpoint carbon content.
