The term“nipple confusion”accurately describes the confusion newborns experience between their mother’s nipple and an artificial nipple during feeding.Specifically,it refers to the feeding habits infants develop ba...The term“nipple confusion”accurately describes the confusion newborns experience between their mother’s nipple and an artificial nipple during feeding.Specifically,it refers to the feeding habits infants develop based on their initial feeding experiences after birth.Infants accustomed to the maternal nipple often resist bottle-feeding;conversely,those accustomed to bottle-feeding may reject the maternal nipple.This confusion is particularly common among infants receiving mixed feeding.展开更多
Nipple confusion,a term that accurately describes the confusion that occurs between the mother’s nipple and the artificial teat during feeding in newborns.Specifically,it refers to the fact that babies develop specif...Nipple confusion,a term that accurately describes the confusion that occurs between the mother’s nipple and the artificial teat during feeding in newborns.Specifically,it refers to the fact that babies develop specific breastfeeding habits after birth,based on their initial feeding experience.For babies who are accustomed to their mother’s nipple,they tend to show resistance to bottle feeding;on the contrary,those who have adapted to bottle feeding may refuse to accept their mother’s nipple.This confusion is particularly common among mixed-feeding babies.展开更多
Security during remote transmission has been an important concern for researchers in recent years.In this paper,a hierarchical encryption multi-image encryption scheme for people with different security levels is desi...Security during remote transmission has been an important concern for researchers in recent years.In this paper,a hierarchical encryption multi-image encryption scheme for people with different security levels is designed,and a multiimage encryption(MIE)algorithm with row and column confusion and closed-loop bi-directional diffusion is adopted in the paper.While ensuring secure communication of medical image information,people with different security levels have different levels of decryption keys,and differentiated visual effects can be obtained by using the strong sensitivity of chaotic keys.The highest security level can obtain decrypted images without watermarks,and at the same time,patient information and copyright attribution can be verified by obtaining watermark images.The experimental results show that the scheme is sufficiently secure as an MIE scheme with visualized differences and the encryption and decryption efficiency is significantly improved compared to other works.展开更多
The inclusion of more potentially correct words in the candidate sets is important to improve the accuracy of Large Vocabulary Continuous Speech Recognition （LVCSR）. A candidate expansion algorithm based on the Weig...The inclusion of more potentially correct words in the candidate sets is important to improve the accuracy of Large Vocabulary Continuous Speech Recognition （LVCSR）. A candidate expansion algorithm based on the Weighted Syllable Confusion Matrix （WSCM） is proposed. First, WSCM is derived from a confusion network. Then, the reeognised candidates in the confusion network is used to conjeeture the most likely correct words based on WSCM, after which, the conjectured words are combined with the recognised candidates to produce an expanded candidate set. Finally, a combined model having mutual information and a trigram language model is used to rerank the candidates. The experiments on Mandarin film data show that an improvement of 9.57% in the character correction rate is obtained over the initial recognition performance on those light erroneous utterances.展开更多
The Catcher in the Rye is a novel published in 1951.Since its publication,it has been listed as one of the world greatest masterpieces.The story in the novel deals with a rebellious teenage schoolboy Holden and his qu...The Catcher in the Rye is a novel published in 1951.Since its publication,it has been listed as one of the world greatest masterpieces.The story in the novel deals with a rebellious teenage schoolboy Holden and his quixotic experiences in New York,taking place in December.Through the tone of a middle schoolboy,the author shows the deepest confusion of teenagers during 1950 s in their lives.It also exposes a clearer understanding of adolescents' particular psychology.This article gives a discussion of Holden's confusion of life viewed from his inner world.展开更多
Meige syndrome is an idiopathic dystonia characterized by combination of blepharospasm and involuntary movements of the lower facial and/or masticatory (jaw) muscles. The condition is rare and has a variety of clinica...Meige syndrome is an idiopathic dystonia characterized by combination of blepharospasm and involuntary movements of the lower facial and/or masticatory (jaw) muscles. The condition is rare and has a variety of clinical presentations which often lead to its misdiagnosis. We report a case of Meige syndrome repeatedly misdiagnosed and treated unsuccessfully as conversion disorder.展开更多
Horner＇s syndrome （HS） results from interruption of sympathetic nervous supply to the eye and manifests clinically with partial ptosis, miosis and enophthalmos, along with anhidrosis of face on the affected side.
The point spread function（PSF） is investigated in order to study the centroids algorithm in a reverse Hartmann test（RHT） system. Instead of the diffractive Airy disk in previous researches, the intensity of PSF be...The point spread function（PSF） is investigated in order to study the centroids algorithm in a reverse Hartmann test（RHT） system. Instead of the diffractive Airy disk in previous researches, the intensity of PSF behaves as a circle of confusion（CoC） and is evaluated in terms of the Lommel function in this paper. The fitting of a single spot with the Gaussian profile to identify its centroid forms the basis of the proposed centroid algorithm. In the implementation process, gray compensation is performed to obtain an intensity distribution in the form of a two-dimensional（2D） Gauss function while the center of the peak is derived as a centroid value. The segmental fringe is also fitted row by row with the one-dimensional（1D） Gauss function and reconstituted by averaged parameter values. The condition used for the proposed method is determined by the strength of linear dependence evaluated by Pearson＇s correlation coefficient between profiles of Airy disk and CoC. The accuracies of CoC fitting and centroid computation are theoretically and experimentally demonstrated by simulation and RHTs. The simulation results show that when the correlation coefficient value is more than 0.9999, the proposed centroid algorithm reduces the root-mean-square error（RMSE） by nearly one order of magnitude, thus achieving an accuracy of - 0.01 pixel or better performance in experiment. In addition, the 2D and 1D Gaussian fittings for the segmental fringe achieve almost the same centroid results, which further confirm the feasibility and advantage of the theory and method.展开更多
During the Cold War,the United States implemented an"offshore balance"policy in the Middle East,on the one hand,competing with the Soviet Union for a sphere of influence,and on the other hand,not directly en...During the Cold War,the United States implemented an"offshore balance"policy in the Middle East,on the one hand,competing with the Soviet Union for a sphere of influence,and on the other hand,not directly engaging in the war.After the end of the Cold War,the US,as the sole super power,switched to the strategy of direct intervention in the Middle East.展开更多
College period is one of the most critical periods of one person’s life for it is an important period of establishing world concept,outlook on life and values.Various challenges and pressures have had a great impact ...College period is one of the most critical periods of one person’s life for it is an important period of establishing world concept,outlook on life and values.Various challenges and pressures have had a great impact on the mental health of college students.In that case,college students’psychological confusion and mental health problems occur frequently and the overall condition of college students’psychological problems is worrying.The mental health of college students has also attracted the attention of colleges and the society.Besides,the mental health education courses have been adopted to guide college students.This article aims to analyze the causes of college students’psychological confusion and mental health problems and also the obstacles or difficulties in solving them from the perspective of college students'cultivation of positive psychological quality and mental health education.And corresponding solutions from both the outside and personal perspectives.展开更多
Although in the name of love,The Love Song is actually a middle-aged man's internal monologue of his courage and cowardice.This essay will analyze the stream of consciousness of Prufrock and the world in which he ...Although in the name of love,The Love Song is actually a middle-aged man's internal monologue of his courage and cowardice.This essay will analyze the stream of consciousness of Prufrock and the world in which he lives,the author's ruthless exposure to society's emptiness and ultimate concern for human development,and poetic techniques he utilizes including metaphor,repetition,and allusion,to express his reflection on spiritual confusion and desire for return to human nature.展开更多
The 14th Five-Year Plan of Dongying proposes to create a village with Dongying characteristics to revitalize Qilu model, a cultural tourism destination with the Yellow River flowing into the sea, and to build a modern...The 14th Five-Year Plan of Dongying proposes to create a village with Dongying characteristics to revitalize Qilu model, a cultural tourism destination with the Yellow River flowing into the sea, and to build a modern wetland city. With the development of rural economy and the rise of various rural industries in Dongying City, the development of villager's lodging in villages has gradually expanded with the development of economy. However, the development of villager's lodging in villages is uneven. Based on the survey of three districts and two counties in Dongying City, this paper focuses on the advantages of the Yellow River estuary region and wetland culture in Dongying City, understands the development status and difficulties encountered in the development of villager's lodging in villages in Dongying City, analyzes the reasons, puts forward reasonable suggestions, and leads the villager's lodging in villages to the innovative development.展开更多
To overcome the problem that the confusion between texts limits the precision in text re- trieval, a new text retrieval algorithm that decrease confusion （DCTR） is proposed. The algorithm constructs the searching te...To overcome the problem that the confusion between texts limits the precision in text re- trieval, a new text retrieval algorithm that decrease confusion （DCTR） is proposed. The algorithm constructs the searching template to represent the user＇ s searching intention through positive and negative training. By using the prior probabilities in the template, the supported probability and anti- supported probability of each text in the text library can be estimated for discrimination. The search- ing result can be ranked according to similarities between retrieved texts and the template. The com- plexity of DCTR is close to term frequency and mversed document frequency （TF-IDF）. Its distin- guishing ability to confusable texts could be advanced and the performance of the result would be im- proved with increasing of training times.展开更多
We propose a new asymmetric pixel confusion algorithm for images based on the Rivest-Shamir-Adleman(RSA)public-key cryptosystem and Arnold map.First,the RSA asymmetric algorithm is used to generate two groups of Arnol...We propose a new asymmetric pixel confusion algorithm for images based on the Rivest-Shamir-Adleman(RSA)public-key cryptosystem and Arnold map.First,the RSA asymmetric algorithm is used to generate two groups of Arnold transform parameters to address the problem of symmetrical distribution of Arnold map parameters.Second,the image is divided into blocks,and the first group of parameters is used to perform Arnold confusion on each sub-block.Then,the second group of parameters is used to perform Arnold confusion on the entire image.The image correlation is thereby fully weakened,and the image confusion degree and effect are further enhanced.The experimental results show that the proposed image pixel confusion algorithm has better confusion effect than the classical Arnold map based confusion and the row-column exchange based confusion.Specifically,the values of gray difference are close to one.In addition,the security of the new confusion operation is dependent on RSA,and it can act as one part of a confusion-substitution structure in a cipher.展开更多
Side-channel resistance is nowadays widely accepted as a crucial factor in deciding the security assurance level of cryptographic implementations.In most cases,non-linear components(e.g.S-Boxes)of cryptographic algori...Side-channel resistance is nowadays widely accepted as a crucial factor in deciding the security assurance level of cryptographic implementations.In most cases,non-linear components(e.g.S-Boxes)of cryptographic algorithms will be chosen as primary targets of side-channel attacks(SCAs).In order to measure side-channel resistance of S-Boxes,three theoretical metrics are proposed and they are revisited transparency order(VTO),confusion coefficients variance(CCV),and minimum confusion coefficient(MCC),respectively.However,the practical effectiveness of these metrics remains still unclear.Taking the 4-bit and 8-bit S-Boxes used in NIST Lightweight Cryptography candidates as concrete examples,this paper takes a comprehensive study of the applicability of these metrics.First of all,we empirically investigate the relations among three metrics for targeted S-boxes,and find that CCV is almost linearly correlated with VTO,while MCC is inconsistent with the other two.Furthermore,in order to verify which metric is more effective in which scenarios,we perform simulated and practical experiments on nine 4-bit S-Boxes under the non-profiled attacks and profiled attacks,respectively.The experiments show that for quantifying side-channel resistance of S-Boxes under non-profiled attacks,VTO and CCV are more reliable while MCC fails.We also obtain an interesting observation that none of these three metrics is suitable for measuring the resistance of S-Boxes against profiled SCAs.Finally,we try to verify whether these metrics can be applied to compare the resistance of S-Boxes with different sizes.Unfortunately,all of them are invalid in this scenario.展开更多
Side-channel resistance is nowadays widely accepted as a crucial factor in deciding the security assurance level of cryptographic implementations.In most cases,non-linear components(e.g.S-Boxes)of cryptographic algori...Side-channel resistance is nowadays widely accepted as a crucial factor in deciding the security assurance level of cryptographic implementations.In most cases,non-linear components(e.g.S-Boxes)of cryptographic algorithms will be chosen as primary targets of side-channel attacks(SCAs).In order to measure side-channel resistance of S-Boxes,three theoretical metrics are proposed and they are reVisited transparency order(VTO),confusion coefficients variance(CCV),and minimum confusion coefficient(MCC),respectively.However,the practical effectiveness of these metrics remains still unclear.Taking the 4-bit and 8-bit S-Boxes used in NIST Lightweight Cryptography candidates as concrete examples,this paper takes a comprehensive study of the applicability of these metrics.First of all,we empirically investigate the relations among three metrics for targeted S-boxes,and find that CCV is almost linearly correlated with VTO,while MCC is inconsistent with the other two.Furthermore,in order to verify which metric is more effective in which scenarios,we perform simulated and practical experiments on nine 4-bit S-Boxes under the nonprofiled attacks and profiled attacks,respectively.The experiments show that for quantifying side-channel resistance of S-Boxes under non-profiled attacks,VTO and CCV are more reliable while MCC fails.We also obtain an interesting observation that none of these three metrics is suitable for measuring the resistance of S-Boxes against profiled SCAs.Finally,we try to verify whether these metrics can be applied to compare the resistance of S-Boxes with different sizes.Unfortunately,all of them are invalid in this scenario.展开更多
Rockburst is a common geological disaster in underground engineering,which seriously threatens the safety of personnel,equipment and property.Utilizing machine learning models to evaluate risk of rockburst is graduall...Rockburst is a common geological disaster in underground engineering,which seriously threatens the safety of personnel,equipment and property.Utilizing machine learning models to evaluate risk of rockburst is gradually becoming a trend.In this study,the integrated algorithms under Gradient Boosting Decision Tree(GBDT)framework were used to evaluate and classify rockburst intensity.First,a total of 301 rock burst data samples were obtained from a case database,and the data were preprocessed using synthetic minority over-sampling technique(SMOTE).Then,the rockburst evaluation models including GBDT,eXtreme Gradient Boosting(XGBoost),Light Gradient Boosting Machine(LightGBM),and Categorical Features Gradient Boosting(CatBoost)were established,and the optimal hyperparameters of the models were obtained through random search grid and five-fold cross-validation.Afterwards,use the optimal hyperparameter configuration to fit the evaluation models,and analyze these models using test set.In order to evaluate the performance,metrics including accuracy,precision,recall,and F1-score were selected to analyze and compare with other machine learning models.Finally,the trained models were used to conduct rock burst risk assessment on rock samples from a mine in Shanxi Province,China,and providing theoretical guidance for the mine's safe production work.The models under the GBDT framework perform well in the evaluation of rockburst levels,and the proposed methods can provide a reliable reference for rockburst risk level analysis and safety management.展开更多
Rockbursts have become a significant hazard in underground mining,underscoring the need for a robust early warning model to ensure safety management.This study presents a novel approach for rockburst prediction,integr...Rockbursts have become a significant hazard in underground mining,underscoring the need for a robust early warning model to ensure safety management.This study presents a novel approach for rockburst prediction,integrating the Mann-Kendall trend test(MKT)and multi-indices fusion to enable real-time and quantitative assessment of rockburst hazards.The methodology employed in this study involves the development of a comprehensive precursory index library for rockbursts.The MKT is then applied to analyze the real-time trend of each index,with adherence to rockburst characterization laws serving as the warning criterion.By employing a confusion matrix,the warning effectiveness of each index is assessed,enabling index preference determination.Ultimately,the integrated rockburst hazard index Q is derived through data fusion.The results demonstrate that the proposed model achieves a warning effectiveness of 0.563 for Q,surpassing the performance of any individual index.Moreover,the model’s adaptability and scalability are enhanced through periodic updates driven by actual field monitoring data,making it suitable for complex underground working environments.By providing an efficient and accurate basis for decision-making,the proposed model holds great potential for the prevention and control of rockbursts.It offers a valuable tool for enhancing safety measures in underground mining operations.展开更多
With the rapid development of digital information technology,images are increasingly used in various fields.To ensure the security of image data,prevent unauthorized tampering and leakage,maintain personal privacy,and...With the rapid development of digital information technology,images are increasingly used in various fields.To ensure the security of image data,prevent unauthorized tampering and leakage,maintain personal privacy,and protect intellectual property rights,this study proposes an innovative color image encryption algorithm.Initially,the Mersenne Twister algorithm is utilized to generate high-quality pseudo-random numbers,establishing a robust basis for subsequent operations.Subsequently,two distinct chaotic systems,the autonomous non-Hamiltonian chaotic system and the tentlogistic-cosine chaotic mapping,are employed to produce chaotic random sequences.These chaotic sequences are used to control the encoding and decoding process of the DNA,effectively scrambling the image pixels.Furthermore,the complexity of the encryption process is enhanced through improved Joseph block scrambling.Thorough experimental verification,research,and analysis,the average value of the information entropy test data reaches as high as 7.999.Additionally,the average value of the number of pixels change rate(NPCR)test data is 99.6101%,which closely approaches the ideal value of 99.6094%.This algorithm not only guarantees image quality but also substantially raises the difficulty of decryption.展开更多
文摘The term“nipple confusion”accurately describes the confusion newborns experience between their mother’s nipple and an artificial nipple during feeding.Specifically,it refers to the feeding habits infants develop based on their initial feeding experiences after birth.Infants accustomed to the maternal nipple often resist bottle-feeding;conversely,those accustomed to bottle-feeding may reject the maternal nipple.This confusion is particularly common among infants receiving mixed feeding.
文摘Nipple confusion,a term that accurately describes the confusion that occurs between the mother’s nipple and the artificial teat during feeding in newborns.Specifically,it refers to the fact that babies develop specific breastfeeding habits after birth,based on their initial feeding experience.For babies who are accustomed to their mother’s nipple,they tend to show resistance to bottle feeding;on the contrary,those who have adapted to bottle feeding may refuse to accept their mother’s nipple.This confusion is particularly common among mixed-feeding babies.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.62061014)the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning province of China(Grant No.2020-MS-274).
文摘Security during remote transmission has been an important concern for researchers in recent years.In this paper,a hierarchical encryption multi-image encryption scheme for people with different security levels is designed,and a multiimage encryption(MIE)algorithm with row and column confusion and closed-loop bi-directional diffusion is adopted in the paper.While ensuring secure communication of medical image information,people with different security levels have different levels of decryption keys,and differentiated visual effects can be obtained by using the strong sensitivity of chaotic keys.The highest security level can obtain decrypted images without watermarks,and at the same time,patient information and copyright attribution can be verified by obtaining watermark images.The experimental results show that the scheme is sufficiently secure as an MIE scheme with visualized differences and the encryption and decryption efficiency is significantly improved compared to other works.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grants No.61005004,No.61175011,No.61171193the Next-Generation Broadband Wireless Mobile Communications Network Technology Key Project under Grant No.2011ZX03002-005-01+2 种基金the One Church,One Family,One Purpose(111Project)under Grant No.B08004the Key Project of Ministry of Science and Technology of China under Grant No.2012ZX-03002019-002the National High Techni-cal Research and Development Program of China(863Program)under Grant No.2011A-A01A205
文摘The inclusion of more potentially correct words in the candidate sets is important to improve the accuracy of Large Vocabulary Continuous Speech Recognition （LVCSR）. A candidate expansion algorithm based on the Weighted Syllable Confusion Matrix （WSCM） is proposed. First, WSCM is derived from a confusion network. Then, the reeognised candidates in the confusion network is used to conjeeture the most likely correct words based on WSCM, after which, the conjectured words are combined with the recognised candidates to produce an expanded candidate set. Finally, a combined model having mutual information and a trigram language model is used to rerank the candidates. The experiments on Mandarin film data show that an improvement of 9.57% in the character correction rate is obtained over the initial recognition performance on those light erroneous utterances.
文摘The Catcher in the Rye is a novel published in 1951.Since its publication,it has been listed as one of the world greatest masterpieces.The story in the novel deals with a rebellious teenage schoolboy Holden and his quixotic experiences in New York,taking place in December.Through the tone of a middle schoolboy,the author shows the deepest confusion of teenagers during 1950 s in their lives.It also exposes a clearer understanding of adolescents' particular psychology.This article gives a discussion of Holden's confusion of life viewed from his inner world.
文摘Meige syndrome is an idiopathic dystonia characterized by combination of blepharospasm and involuntary movements of the lower facial and/or masticatory (jaw) muscles. The condition is rare and has a variety of clinical presentations which often lead to its misdiagnosis. We report a case of Meige syndrome repeatedly misdiagnosed and treated unsuccessfully as conversion disorder.
文摘Horner＇s syndrome （HS） results from interruption of sympathetic nervous supply to the eye and manifests clinically with partial ptosis, miosis and enophthalmos, along with anhidrosis of face on the affected side.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61475018)
文摘The point spread function（PSF） is investigated in order to study the centroids algorithm in a reverse Hartmann test（RHT） system. Instead of the diffractive Airy disk in previous researches, the intensity of PSF behaves as a circle of confusion（CoC） and is evaluated in terms of the Lommel function in this paper. The fitting of a single spot with the Gaussian profile to identify its centroid forms the basis of the proposed centroid algorithm. In the implementation process, gray compensation is performed to obtain an intensity distribution in the form of a two-dimensional（2D） Gauss function while the center of the peak is derived as a centroid value. The segmental fringe is also fitted row by row with the one-dimensional（1D） Gauss function and reconstituted by averaged parameter values. The condition used for the proposed method is determined by the strength of linear dependence evaluated by Pearson＇s correlation coefficient between profiles of Airy disk and CoC. The accuracies of CoC fitting and centroid computation are theoretically and experimentally demonstrated by simulation and RHTs. The simulation results show that when the correlation coefficient value is more than 0.9999, the proposed centroid algorithm reduces the root-mean-square error（RMSE） by nearly one order of magnitude, thus achieving an accuracy of - 0.01 pixel or better performance in experiment. In addition, the 2D and 1D Gaussian fittings for the segmental fringe achieve almost the same centroid results, which further confirm the feasibility and advantage of the theory and method.
文摘During the Cold War,the United States implemented an"offshore balance"policy in the Middle East,on the one hand,competing with the Soviet Union for a sphere of influence,and on the other hand,not directly engaging in the war.After the end of the Cold War,the US,as the sole super power,switched to the strategy of direct intervention in the Middle East.
文摘College period is one of the most critical periods of one person’s life for it is an important period of establishing world concept,outlook on life and values.Various challenges and pressures have had a great impact on the mental health of college students.In that case,college students’psychological confusion and mental health problems occur frequently and the overall condition of college students’psychological problems is worrying.The mental health of college students has also attracted the attention of colleges and the society.Besides,the mental health education courses have been adopted to guide college students.This article aims to analyze the causes of college students’psychological confusion and mental health problems and also the obstacles or difficulties in solving them from the perspective of college students'cultivation of positive psychological quality and mental health education.And corresponding solutions from both the outside and personal perspectives.
文摘Although in the name of love,The Love Song is actually a middle-aged man's internal monologue of his courage and cowardice.This essay will analyze the stream of consciousness of Prufrock and the world in which he lives,the author's ruthless exposure to society's emptiness and ultimate concern for human development,and poetic techniques he utilizes including metaphor,repetition,and allusion,to express his reflection on spiritual confusion and desire for return to human nature.
文摘The 14th Five-Year Plan of Dongying proposes to create a village with Dongying characteristics to revitalize Qilu model, a cultural tourism destination with the Yellow River flowing into the sea, and to build a modern wetland city. With the development of rural economy and the rise of various rural industries in Dongying City, the development of villager's lodging in villages has gradually expanded with the development of economy. However, the development of villager's lodging in villages is uneven. Based on the survey of three districts and two counties in Dongying City, this paper focuses on the advantages of the Yellow River estuary region and wetland culture in Dongying City, understands the development status and difficulties encountered in the development of villager's lodging in villages in Dongying City, analyzes the reasons, puts forward reasonable suggestions, and leads the villager's lodging in villages to the innovative development.
文摘To overcome the problem that the confusion between texts limits the precision in text re- trieval, a new text retrieval algorithm that decrease confusion （DCTR） is proposed. The algorithm constructs the searching template to represent the user＇ s searching intention through positive and negative training. By using the prior probabilities in the template, the supported probability and anti- supported probability of each text in the text library can be estimated for discrimination. The search- ing result can be ranked according to similarities between retrieved texts and the template. The com- plexity of DCTR is close to term frequency and mversed document frequency （TF-IDF）. Its distin- guishing ability to confusable texts could be advanced and the performance of the result would be im- proved with increasing of training times.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61972103 and 61702116)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,China(No.2019A1515011361)+1 种基金the Project of Enhancing School with Innovation of Guangdong Ocean University(No.Q18306)the Guangdong Postgraduate Education Innovation Project(No.2020JGXM059)。
文摘We propose a new asymmetric pixel confusion algorithm for images based on the Rivest-Shamir-Adleman(RSA)public-key cryptosystem and Arnold map.First,the RSA asymmetric algorithm is used to generate two groups of Arnold transform parameters to address the problem of symmetrical distribution of Arnold map parameters.Second,the image is divided into blocks,and the first group of parameters is used to perform Arnold confusion on each sub-block.Then,the second group of parameters is used to perform Arnold confusion on the entire image.The image correlation is thereby fully weakened,and the image confusion degree and effect are further enhanced.The experimental results show that the proposed image pixel confusion algorithm has better confusion effect than the classical Arnold map based confusion and the row-column exchange based confusion.Specifically,the values of gray difference are close to one.In addition,the security of the new confusion operation is dependent on RSA,and it can act as one part of a confusion-substitution structure in a cipher.
基金supported in part by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61632020,U1936209,62002353)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.4192067).
文摘Side-channel resistance is nowadays widely accepted as a crucial factor in deciding the security assurance level of cryptographic implementations.In most cases,non-linear components(e.g.S-Boxes)of cryptographic algorithms will be chosen as primary targets of side-channel attacks(SCAs).In order to measure side-channel resistance of S-Boxes,three theoretical metrics are proposed and they are revisited transparency order(VTO),confusion coefficients variance(CCV),and minimum confusion coefficient(MCC),respectively.However,the practical effectiveness of these metrics remains still unclear.Taking the 4-bit and 8-bit S-Boxes used in NIST Lightweight Cryptography candidates as concrete examples,this paper takes a comprehensive study of the applicability of these metrics.First of all,we empirically investigate the relations among three metrics for targeted S-boxes,and find that CCV is almost linearly correlated with VTO,while MCC is inconsistent with the other two.Furthermore,in order to verify which metric is more effective in which scenarios,we perform simulated and practical experiments on nine 4-bit S-Boxes under the non-profiled attacks and profiled attacks,respectively.The experiments show that for quantifying side-channel resistance of S-Boxes under non-profiled attacks,VTO and CCV are more reliable while MCC fails.We also obtain an interesting observation that none of these three metrics is suitable for measuring the resistance of S-Boxes against profiled SCAs.Finally,we try to verify whether these metrics can be applied to compare the resistance of S-Boxes with different sizes.Unfortunately,all of them are invalid in this scenario.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61632020,U1936209 and 62002353)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.4192067).
文摘Side-channel resistance is nowadays widely accepted as a crucial factor in deciding the security assurance level of cryptographic implementations.In most cases,non-linear components(e.g.S-Boxes)of cryptographic algorithms will be chosen as primary targets of side-channel attacks(SCAs).In order to measure side-channel resistance of S-Boxes,three theoretical metrics are proposed and they are reVisited transparency order(VTO),confusion coefficients variance(CCV),and minimum confusion coefficient(MCC),respectively.However,the practical effectiveness of these metrics remains still unclear.Taking the 4-bit and 8-bit S-Boxes used in NIST Lightweight Cryptography candidates as concrete examples,this paper takes a comprehensive study of the applicability of these metrics.First of all,we empirically investigate the relations among three metrics for targeted S-boxes,and find that CCV is almost linearly correlated with VTO,while MCC is inconsistent with the other two.Furthermore,in order to verify which metric is more effective in which scenarios,we perform simulated and practical experiments on nine 4-bit S-Boxes under the nonprofiled attacks and profiled attacks,respectively.The experiments show that for quantifying side-channel resistance of S-Boxes under non-profiled attacks,VTO and CCV are more reliable while MCC fails.We also obtain an interesting observation that none of these three metrics is suitable for measuring the resistance of S-Boxes against profiled SCAs.Finally,we try to verify whether these metrics can be applied to compare the resistance of S-Boxes with different sizes.Unfortunately,all of them are invalid in this scenario.
基金Project(52161135301)supported by the International Cooperation and Exchange of the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(202306370296)supported by China Scholarship Council。
文摘Rockburst is a common geological disaster in underground engineering,which seriously threatens the safety of personnel,equipment and property.Utilizing machine learning models to evaluate risk of rockburst is gradually becoming a trend.In this study,the integrated algorithms under Gradient Boosting Decision Tree(GBDT)framework were used to evaluate and classify rockburst intensity.First,a total of 301 rock burst data samples were obtained from a case database,and the data were preprocessed using synthetic minority over-sampling technique(SMOTE).Then,the rockburst evaluation models including GBDT,eXtreme Gradient Boosting(XGBoost),Light Gradient Boosting Machine(LightGBM),and Categorical Features Gradient Boosting(CatBoost)were established,and the optimal hyperparameters of the models were obtained through random search grid and five-fold cross-validation.Afterwards,use the optimal hyperparameter configuration to fit the evaluation models,and analyze these models using test set.In order to evaluate the performance,metrics including accuracy,precision,recall,and F1-score were selected to analyze and compare with other machine learning models.Finally,the trained models were used to conduct rock burst risk assessment on rock samples from a mine in Shanxi Province,China,and providing theoretical guidance for the mine's safe production work.The models under the GBDT framework perform well in the evaluation of rockburst levels,and the proposed methods can provide a reliable reference for rockburst risk level analysis and safety management.
基金The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52011530037 and 51904019)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities and the Youth Teacher International Exchange&Growth Program(Grant No.QNXM20210004).We also greatly appreciate the assistance provided by Kuangou coal mine,China Energy Group Xinjiang Energy Co.,Ltd.
文摘Rockbursts have become a significant hazard in underground mining,underscoring the need for a robust early warning model to ensure safety management.This study presents a novel approach for rockburst prediction,integrating the Mann-Kendall trend test(MKT)and multi-indices fusion to enable real-time and quantitative assessment of rockburst hazards.The methodology employed in this study involves the development of a comprehensive precursory index library for rockbursts.The MKT is then applied to analyze the real-time trend of each index,with adherence to rockburst characterization laws serving as the warning criterion.By employing a confusion matrix,the warning effectiveness of each index is assessed,enabling index preference determination.Ultimately,the integrated rockburst hazard index Q is derived through data fusion.The results demonstrate that the proposed model achieves a warning effectiveness of 0.563 for Q,surpassing the performance of any individual index.Moreover,the model’s adaptability and scalability are enhanced through periodic updates driven by actual field monitoring data,making it suitable for complex underground working environments.By providing an efficient and accurate basis for decision-making,the proposed model holds great potential for the prevention and control of rockbursts.It offers a valuable tool for enhancing safety measures in underground mining operations.
基金supported by the Open Fund of Advanced Cryptography and System Security Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province(Grant No.SKLACSS-202208)the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing(Grant No.CSTB2023NSCQLZX0139)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61772295).
文摘With the rapid development of digital information technology,images are increasingly used in various fields.To ensure the security of image data,prevent unauthorized tampering and leakage,maintain personal privacy,and protect intellectual property rights,this study proposes an innovative color image encryption algorithm.Initially,the Mersenne Twister algorithm is utilized to generate high-quality pseudo-random numbers,establishing a robust basis for subsequent operations.Subsequently,two distinct chaotic systems,the autonomous non-Hamiltonian chaotic system and the tentlogistic-cosine chaotic mapping,are employed to produce chaotic random sequences.These chaotic sequences are used to control the encoding and decoding process of the DNA,effectively scrambling the image pixels.Furthermore,the complexity of the encryption process is enhanced through improved Joseph block scrambling.Thorough experimental verification,research,and analysis,the average value of the information entropy test data reaches as high as 7.999.Additionally,the average value of the number of pixels change rate(NPCR)test data is 99.6101%,which closely approaches the ideal value of 99.6094%.This algorithm not only guarantees image quality but also substantially raises the difficulty of decryption.
