Group role assignment(GRA)is originally a complex problem in role-based collaboration(RBC).The solution to GRA provides modelling techniques for more complex problems.GRA with constraints(GRA+)is categorized as a clas...Group role assignment(GRA)is originally a complex problem in role-based collaboration(RBC).The solution to GRA provides modelling techniques for more complex problems.GRA with constraints(GRA+)is categorized as a class of complex assignment problems.At present,there are few generally efficient solutions to this category of problems.Each special problem case requires a specific solution.Group multi-role assignment(GMRA)and GRA with conflicting agents on roles(GRACAR)are two problem cases in GRA+.The contributions of this paper include:1)The formalization of a new problem of GRA+,called group multi-role assignment with conflicting roles and agents(GMAC),which is an extension to the combination of GMRA and GRACAR;2)A practical solution based on an optimization platform;3)A sufficient condition,used in planning,for solving GMAC problems;and 4)A clear presentation of the benefits in avoiding conflicts when dealing with GMAC.The proposed methods are verified by experiments,simulations,proofs and analysis.展开更多
Thomas S. Kuhn is one of the leading philosophers and historians of science that investigated in-depth cases of simultaneous discoveries in science. Although his analysis of the discovery of energy conservation and ox...Thomas S. Kuhn is one of the leading philosophers and historians of science that investigated in-depth cases of simultaneous discoveries in science. Although his analysis of the discovery of energy conservation and oxygen did not focus sharply on the priority disputes involved, it is within such contexts that controversy about which scientist was the first to make a discovery takes place. Evidently, Kuhn＇s recourse to historical case studies is a clear departure from the standpoint of traditional mainstream philosophies of science （namely, logical positivism and falsificationism）, which cavalierly dismissed such concerns as irrelevant to philosophical reconstructions of science Challenges to orthodox logistic approaches were prompted by the realisation that the two dominant traditions mentioned above, in their excessive preoccupation with ＂the logical skeleton of science＂, have lost contact with real science. As a contribution to what Michael Polanyi referred to as post-critical philosophy, the present study reanalyses the tension-generating potentials of bipolar values shared by members of scientific communities. It traces the origins of the rebellion against logic-dominated philosophies of science, and identifies different post-positivist approaches that have eme^rged over the years which legitimise broadening the frontiers of the philosophy of science. Consequent upon that, some conflicting values or norms shared by members of scientific communities and how they affect the quest for scientific knowledge are underscored. Using as a case study the acrimonious priority dispute between Isaac Newton and Gottfried Leibniz concerning the discovery of calculus, the paper demonstrates that excessive concern for recognition which sometimes leads to protracted priority disputes tends to bring out the worst kind of behaviours towards colleagues even from the greatest scientists. We submit, by way of conclusion, that despite the heroic （almost god-like） reputation of such scientists, they are human and, therefore, subject to the vicissitudes of emotional turbulence just like everyone else.展开更多
With the rocketing progress of the Internet, it is easier for people to get information about the objects that they are interested in. However, this information usually has conflicts. In order to resolve conflicts and...With the rocketing progress of the Internet, it is easier for people to get information about the objects that they are interested in. However, this information usually has conflicts. In order to resolve conflicts and get the true information, truth discovery has been proposed and received widespread attention. Many algorithms have been proposed to adapt to different scenarios. This paper aims to investigate these algorithms and summarize them from the perspective of algorithm models and specific concepts. Some classic datasets and evaluation metrics are given in this paper. Some future directions for readers are also provided to better understand the field of truth discovery.展开更多
In view of the interconflict of multi-objectives in large decision systems,the problem that ranks all the objectives according to several standards is posed.Quantifing the value of decision for objectives according to...In view of the interconflict of multi-objectives in large decision systems,the problem that ranks all the objectives according to several standards is posed.Quantifing the value of decision for objectives according to the traits of researched systems,with the frequency distribution,we construct quantitative indices and then build up the comparative relation of superior and inferior between any two decisions and introduce the relation function which reflects not only the orientation of order but also the extent of superior and inferior for decisions.With calculating the weight coefficient,we put forward several comparative coefficients and finish off the order of superior and inferior of all the decisions for several conflict objectives.By positivist analyses,the solution shows its precise and concise traits dealing with complex decisions.展开更多
A new conflicting evidence fusion method is proposed for the deficiency of Dempster's rule which can not fuse the conflicting evidence. Evidence is divided into three categories:believable evidence, non-conflictin...A new conflicting evidence fusion method is proposed for the deficiency of Dempster's rule which can not fuse the conflicting evidence. Evidence is divided into three categories:believable evidence, non-conflicting evidence and conflicting evidence. The influences of these three categories of evidences on fusion results when discounted are analyzed respectively. On these bases, the evidence distance and the conjunctive conflict are utilized in sequence to recognize the believable evidence and non-conflicting evidence. The discounting factors of these two categories of evidences are set to one, which keeps the evidences support the true hypothesis to the greatest degree, and makes the fusion results focus onto the true hypothesis. Examples of some missile fault diagnosis show that the new method can effectively fuse the conflicting evidences, and is suited to fuse the relievable evidences. The new method improves the reliability and rationality of fusion results compared with traditional methods.展开更多
Platoon control is widely studied for coordinating connected and automated vehicles(CAVs)on highways due to its potential for improving traffic throughput and road safety.Inspired by platoon control,the cooperation of...Platoon control is widely studied for coordinating connected and automated vehicles(CAVs)on highways due to its potential for improving traffic throughput and road safety.Inspired by platoon control,the cooperation of multiple CAVs in conflicting scenarios can be greatly simplified by virtual platooning.Vehicle-to-vehicle communication is an essential ingredient in virtual platoon systems.Massive data transmission with limited communication resources incurs inevitable imperfections such as transmission delay and dropped packets.As a result,unnecessary transmission needs to be avoided to establish a reliable wireless network.To this end,an event-triggered robust control method is developed to reduce the use of communication resources while ensuring the stability of the virtual platoon system with time-varying uncertainty.The uniform boundedness,uniform ultimate boundedness,and string stability of the closed-loop system are analytically proved.As for the triggering condition,the uncertainty of the boundary information is considered,so that the threshold can be estimated more reasonably.Simulation and experimental results verify that the proposed method can greatly reduce data transmission while creating multi-vehicle cooperation.The threshold affects the tracking ability and communication burden,and hence an optimization framework for choosing the threshold is worth exploring in future research.展开更多
Background:This study aims to investigate the underlying mechanisms between parental marital conflict and adolescent short video dependence by constructing a chain mediation model,focusing on the mediating roles of ex...Background:This study aims to investigate the underlying mechanisms between parental marital conflict and adolescent short video dependence by constructing a chain mediation model,focusing on the mediating roles of experiential avoidance and emotional disturbance(anxiety,depression,and stress).Methods:Conducted in January 2025,the research recruited 4125 adolescents from multiple Chinese provinces through convenience sampling;after data cleaning,3957 valid participants(1959 males,1998 females)were included.Using a cross-sectional design,measures included parental marital conflict,experiential avoidance,anxiety,depression,stress,and short video dependence.Results:Pearson correlation analysis revealed significant positive correlations among all variables.Mediation analysis using the SPSS PROCESS macro showed that parental marital conflict directly predicted short video dependence(β=0.269,p<0.001),and also significantly predicted experiential avoidance(β=0.519,p<0.001),anxiety(β=0.072,p<0.001),depression(β=0.067,p<0.001),and stress(β=0.048,p<0.05).Experiential avoidance further predicted anxiety(β=0.521,p<0.001),depression(β=0.489,p<0.001),stress(β=0.408,p<0.001),and short video dependence(β=0.244,p<0.001).While both anxiety(β=0.050,p<0.05)and depression(β=0.116,p<0.001)positively predicted short video dependence,stress did not(β=0.019,p=0.257).Overall,experiential avoidance,anxiety,depression,and stress significantly mediated the relationship between parental marital conflict and short video dependence.Conclusion:These findings confirm that parental marital conflict not only directly influences adolescent short video dependence but also operates through a chain mediation pathway involving experiential avoidance and emotional disturbance,highlighting central psychological mechanisms and providing theoretical support for integrated mental health and behavioral interventions.展开更多
The 17 Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)for 2030,adopted by all United Nations member states in 2015,are facing a range of challenges.Factors such as climate change,regional conflicts and economic recession are havi...The 17 Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)for 2030,adopted by all United Nations member states in 2015,are facing a range of challenges.Factors such as climate change,regional conflicts and economic recession are having a significant impact,particularly on global poverty governance.As a platform for dialogue,exchange and technical cooperation,the 2025 International Seminar on Global Poverty Reduction Partnerships was held in Beijing on 10 December 2025.展开更多
Systematically analyzing the impact mechanisms of policy on Land Use Conflict(LUC)is crucial for constructing effective conflict mitigation strategies.However,previous research on how policy influences LUC remains rel...Systematically analyzing the impact mechanisms of policy on Land Use Conflict(LUC)is crucial for constructing effective conflict mitigation strategies.However,previous research on how policy influences LUC remains relatively limited.Focusing on the indirect driving role of policy on LUC,this study proposed County Development Level(CDL)under Major Function Oriented Zone Planning(MFOZP)guidance as an intermediary variable,bridging the implicit influence of MFOZP and the explicit changes in LUC.Using the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei(BTH)region in China as a case study,we analyzed the spatio-temporal evolution characteristics of LUC and CDL for the periods 2000-2010 and 2010-2020,before and after MFOZP implementation.Panel models and Geographically Weighted Regression(GWR)were employed to explore the mechanism by which CDL influences LUC under MFOZP guidance.The results show that:1)MFOZP implementation effectively alleviates land use pressure from regional development,with LUC continuously declining at a rate of 2.41%,while CDL exhibits slight growth(3.84%),during 2010-2020.2)Under MFOZP guidance,CDL reduces pressure on Land Use Structure Conflict(LUSC)and Land Use Process Conflict(LUPC),enhances its inhibitory effect on Land Use Function Conflict(LUFC),and significantly contributes to LUC coordination,with notable spatial heterogeneity.3)The coupling relationship between CDL and LUC has improved post-implementation.Based on this,tailored LUC coordination strategies are proposed for different functional zones.This study confirms the effectiveness of MFOZP in coordinating LUC and provides a scientific reference for LUC research under policy frameworks and the governance of LUC in the BTH region.展开更多
The co-adaptability theoretical solution to conflicting events in construction engineering projects has three problems.First,the transformation of constraint conditions of theoretical solution is very difficult in pra...The co-adaptability theoretical solution to conflicting events in construction engineering projects has three problems.First,the transformation of constraint conditions of theoretical solution is very difficult in practical engineering applications;second,some coefficients are difficult to be determined;third,there are overfull circular arithmetic operations involved in it.To resolve these problems,a new method to reduce the theoretical solution complications is proposed.By analyzing the operating mechanism of theoretical solution model,redundancies in the theoretical solution can be eliminated,and the ISM mapping with the co-adaptability solution can be set up.Based on this approach,a procedure to solve practical conflicting events in construction projects is established by replacing characteristic variables with mathematic variables.The research results show that the procedure can replace the co-adaptability theoretical solution effectively and solve practical conflicting events in construction projects.展开更多
The relation between conflict and governance has been dominated by type of government rather than by system of government.With increasing conflict in countries with ethnic and religious diversity,the debate has gradua...The relation between conflict and governance has been dominated by type of government rather than by system of government.With increasing conflict in countries with ethnic and religious diversity,the debate has gradually shifted to understand better the link between conflict and system of government.There is a growing evidence that suggests federal system performs better than unitary system in managing diversity and reducing conflict.Decentralization is even seen to be more effective than federal system not only in managing diversity and reducing conflict but also in delivering public goods.This article provides an account of evolution of system of government in South Sudan.It finds a clear association of centralized unitary system with violent conflict and a relative peace during period of decentralized government or federal system.A decentralized federal system may be appropriate for South Sudan in managing diversity and mitigating conflict.Despite the popular demand by their citizens for a federal system to manage diversity and reduce violent conflict,the ruling elites in the post-independent South Sudan adopted instead an autocratic centralized unitary system that contributed among other factors to the persistent violent conflicts,erosion of social cohesion,and rising mistrust between state and citizens and between and among the communities of South Sudan.展开更多
This editorial explores the transformative potential of artificial intelligence(AI)in identifying conflicts of interest(COIs)within academic and scientific research.By harnessing advanced data analysis,pattern recogni...This editorial explores the transformative potential of artificial intelligence(AI)in identifying conflicts of interest(COIs)within academic and scientific research.By harnessing advanced data analysis,pattern recognition,and natural language processing techniques,AI offers innovative solutions for enhancing transparency and integrity in research.This editorial discusses how AI can automatically detect COIs,integrate data from various sources,and streamline reporting processes,thereby maintaining the credibility of scientific findings.展开更多
FIVE decades have passed since China and the European Union(EU)established diplomatic relations.In his phone call with Antonio Costa,president of the European Council,on January 14,2025,Chinese President Xi Jinping po...FIVE decades have passed since China and the European Union(EU)established diplomatic relations.In his phone call with Antonio Costa,president of the European Council,on January 14,2025,Chinese President Xi Jinping pointed out an important feature of China-EU relations:“There exists no clash of fundamental interests or geopolitical conflicts between China and the EU,making them partners that can contribute to each other’s success.”展开更多
The Conflict of Interest statement in the published versions of the following articles appearing in volumes 1 and 3 of Advanced Agrochem includes state funded projects.
This paper applies conflict management theory to study customer conflicts in budget hotels.Utilizing investigations and data analysis from budget hotels in Guilin,Guangxi Province,China,it identifies the factors that ...This paper applies conflict management theory to study customer conflicts in budget hotels.Utilizing investigations and data analysis from budget hotels in Guilin,Guangxi Province,China,it identifies the factors that influence the formation of customer conflicts and describes the characteristics of each stage in the development process,as well as the dual role of the conflicts.The paper also presents strategies for managing the transition from non-confrontational to confrontational conflicts.展开更多
CHINA IOMed Inauguration Ceremony Held The inauguration ceremony of the International Organisation for Mediation(IOMed),headquartered in China’s Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,was held on 20 October,marking ...CHINA IOMed Inauguration Ceremony Held The inauguration ceremony of the International Organisation for Mediation(IOMed),headquartered in China’s Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,was held on 20 October,marking a significant milestone in global conflict resolution.The IOMed is the world’s first intergovernmental international legal organisation dedicated to resolving international disputes through mediation.展开更多
基金supported in part by Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council,Canada(NSERC)(RGPIN-2018-04818)the funding from the Innovation for Defence Excellence and Security(IDEaS)Program from the Canadian Department of National Defence(DND)。
文摘Group role assignment(GRA)is originally a complex problem in role-based collaboration(RBC).The solution to GRA provides modelling techniques for more complex problems.GRA with constraints(GRA+)is categorized as a class of complex assignment problems.At present,there are few generally efficient solutions to this category of problems.Each special problem case requires a specific solution.Group multi-role assignment(GMRA)and GRA with conflicting agents on roles(GRACAR)are two problem cases in GRA+.The contributions of this paper include:1)The formalization of a new problem of GRA+,called group multi-role assignment with conflicting roles and agents(GMAC),which is an extension to the combination of GMRA and GRACAR;2)A practical solution based on an optimization platform;3)A sufficient condition,used in planning,for solving GMAC problems;and 4)A clear presentation of the benefits in avoiding conflicts when dealing with GMAC.The proposed methods are verified by experiments,simulations,proofs and analysis.
文摘Thomas S. Kuhn is one of the leading philosophers and historians of science that investigated in-depth cases of simultaneous discoveries in science. Although his analysis of the discovery of energy conservation and oxygen did not focus sharply on the priority disputes involved, it is within such contexts that controversy about which scientist was the first to make a discovery takes place. Evidently, Kuhn＇s recourse to historical case studies is a clear departure from the standpoint of traditional mainstream philosophies of science （namely, logical positivism and falsificationism）, which cavalierly dismissed such concerns as irrelevant to philosophical reconstructions of science Challenges to orthodox logistic approaches were prompted by the realisation that the two dominant traditions mentioned above, in their excessive preoccupation with ＂the logical skeleton of science＂, have lost contact with real science. As a contribution to what Michael Polanyi referred to as post-critical philosophy, the present study reanalyses the tension-generating potentials of bipolar values shared by members of scientific communities. It traces the origins of the rebellion against logic-dominated philosophies of science, and identifies different post-positivist approaches that have eme^rged over the years which legitimise broadening the frontiers of the philosophy of science. Consequent upon that, some conflicting values or norms shared by members of scientific communities and how they affect the quest for scientific knowledge are underscored. Using as a case study the acrimonious priority dispute between Isaac Newton and Gottfried Leibniz concerning the discovery of calculus, the paper demonstrates that excessive concern for recognition which sometimes leads to protracted priority disputes tends to bring out the worst kind of behaviours towards colleagues even from the greatest scientists. We submit, by way of conclusion, that despite the heroic （almost god-like） reputation of such scientists, they are human and, therefore, subject to the vicissitudes of emotional turbulence just like everyone else.
基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China (No. 22D111207)。
文摘With the rocketing progress of the Internet, it is easier for people to get information about the objects that they are interested in. However, this information usually has conflicts. In order to resolve conflicts and get the true information, truth discovery has been proposed and received widespread attention. Many algorithms have been proposed to adapt to different scenarios. This paper aims to investigate these algorithms and summarize them from the perspective of algorithm models and specific concepts. Some classic datasets and evaluation metrics are given in this paper. Some future directions for readers are also provided to better understand the field of truth discovery.
基金Supported by the National Sociality Foundation of China(98AJY002)
文摘In view of the interconflict of multi-objectives in large decision systems,the problem that ranks all the objectives according to several standards is posed.Quantifing the value of decision for objectives according to the traits of researched systems,with the frequency distribution,we construct quantitative indices and then build up the comparative relation of superior and inferior between any two decisions and introduce the relation function which reflects not only the orientation of order but also the extent of superior and inferior for decisions.With calculating the weight coefficient,we put forward several comparative coefficients and finish off the order of superior and inferior of all the decisions for several conflict objectives.By positivist analyses,the solution shows its precise and concise traits dealing with complex decisions.
文摘A new conflicting evidence fusion method is proposed for the deficiency of Dempster's rule which can not fuse the conflicting evidence. Evidence is divided into three categories:believable evidence, non-conflicting evidence and conflicting evidence. The influences of these three categories of evidences on fusion results when discounted are analyzed respectively. On these bases, the evidence distance and the conjunctive conflict are utilized in sequence to recognize the believable evidence and non-conflicting evidence. The discounting factors of these two categories of evidences are set to one, which keeps the evidences support the true hypothesis to the greatest degree, and makes the fusion results focus onto the true hypothesis. Examples of some missile fault diagnosis show that the new method can effectively fuse the conflicting evidences, and is suited to fuse the relievable evidences. The new method improves the reliability and rationality of fusion results compared with traditional methods.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61872217,U20A20285,U1701262,and U1801263)。
文摘Platoon control is widely studied for coordinating connected and automated vehicles(CAVs)on highways due to its potential for improving traffic throughput and road safety.Inspired by platoon control,the cooperation of multiple CAVs in conflicting scenarios can be greatly simplified by virtual platooning.Vehicle-to-vehicle communication is an essential ingredient in virtual platoon systems.Massive data transmission with limited communication resources incurs inevitable imperfections such as transmission delay and dropped packets.As a result,unnecessary transmission needs to be avoided to establish a reliable wireless network.To this end,an event-triggered robust control method is developed to reduce the use of communication resources while ensuring the stability of the virtual platoon system with time-varying uncertainty.The uniform boundedness,uniform ultimate boundedness,and string stability of the closed-loop system are analytically proved.As for the triggering condition,the uncertainty of the boundary information is considered,so that the threshold can be estimated more reasonably.Simulation and experimental results verify that the proposed method can greatly reduce data transmission while creating multi-vehicle cooperation.The threshold affects the tracking ability and communication burden,and hence an optimization framework for choosing the threshold is worth exploring in future research.
文摘Background:This study aims to investigate the underlying mechanisms between parental marital conflict and adolescent short video dependence by constructing a chain mediation model,focusing on the mediating roles of experiential avoidance and emotional disturbance(anxiety,depression,and stress).Methods:Conducted in January 2025,the research recruited 4125 adolescents from multiple Chinese provinces through convenience sampling;after data cleaning,3957 valid participants(1959 males,1998 females)were included.Using a cross-sectional design,measures included parental marital conflict,experiential avoidance,anxiety,depression,stress,and short video dependence.Results:Pearson correlation analysis revealed significant positive correlations among all variables.Mediation analysis using the SPSS PROCESS macro showed that parental marital conflict directly predicted short video dependence(β=0.269,p<0.001),and also significantly predicted experiential avoidance(β=0.519,p<0.001),anxiety(β=0.072,p<0.001),depression(β=0.067,p<0.001),and stress(β=0.048,p<0.05).Experiential avoidance further predicted anxiety(β=0.521,p<0.001),depression(β=0.489,p<0.001),stress(β=0.408,p<0.001),and short video dependence(β=0.244,p<0.001).While both anxiety(β=0.050,p<0.05)and depression(β=0.116,p<0.001)positively predicted short video dependence,stress did not(β=0.019,p=0.257).Overall,experiential avoidance,anxiety,depression,and stress significantly mediated the relationship between parental marital conflict and short video dependence.Conclusion:These findings confirm that parental marital conflict not only directly influences adolescent short video dependence but also operates through a chain mediation pathway involving experiential avoidance and emotional disturbance,highlighting central psychological mechanisms and providing theoretical support for integrated mental health and behavioral interventions.
文摘The 17 Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)for 2030,adopted by all United Nations member states in 2015,are facing a range of challenges.Factors such as climate change,regional conflicts and economic recession are having a significant impact,particularly on global poverty governance.As a platform for dialogue,exchange and technical cooperation,the 2025 International Seminar on Global Poverty Reduction Partnerships was held in Beijing on 10 December 2025.
基金Under the auspices of the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2018YFD1100803)the Fundamental Research Fund for the Central Universities(Ph.D.Top Innovative Talents Fund of CUMTB)(No.BBJ2024029)。
文摘Systematically analyzing the impact mechanisms of policy on Land Use Conflict(LUC)is crucial for constructing effective conflict mitigation strategies.However,previous research on how policy influences LUC remains relatively limited.Focusing on the indirect driving role of policy on LUC,this study proposed County Development Level(CDL)under Major Function Oriented Zone Planning(MFOZP)guidance as an intermediary variable,bridging the implicit influence of MFOZP and the explicit changes in LUC.Using the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei(BTH)region in China as a case study,we analyzed the spatio-temporal evolution characteristics of LUC and CDL for the periods 2000-2010 and 2010-2020,before and after MFOZP implementation.Panel models and Geographically Weighted Regression(GWR)were employed to explore the mechanism by which CDL influences LUC under MFOZP guidance.The results show that:1)MFOZP implementation effectively alleviates land use pressure from regional development,with LUC continuously declining at a rate of 2.41%,while CDL exhibits slight growth(3.84%),during 2010-2020.2)Under MFOZP guidance,CDL reduces pressure on Land Use Structure Conflict(LUSC)and Land Use Process Conflict(LUPC),enhances its inhibitory effect on Land Use Function Conflict(LUFC),and significantly contributes to LUC coordination,with notable spatial heterogeneity.3)The coupling relationship between CDL and LUC has improved post-implementation.Based on this,tailored LUC coordination strategies are proposed for different functional zones.This study confirms the effectiveness of MFOZP in coordinating LUC and provides a scientific reference for LUC research under policy frameworks and the governance of LUC in the BTH region.
基金Beijing Municipal Government Build Projectsupported by the China Post-Doctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.20070420347)the Soft Science Foundation of Shanxi Province of China(Grant No.2005KR121)
文摘The co-adaptability theoretical solution to conflicting events in construction engineering projects has three problems.First,the transformation of constraint conditions of theoretical solution is very difficult in practical engineering applications;second,some coefficients are difficult to be determined;third,there are overfull circular arithmetic operations involved in it.To resolve these problems,a new method to reduce the theoretical solution complications is proposed.By analyzing the operating mechanism of theoretical solution model,redundancies in the theoretical solution can be eliminated,and the ISM mapping with the co-adaptability solution can be set up.Based on this approach,a procedure to solve practical conflicting events in construction projects is established by replacing characteristic variables with mathematic variables.The research results show that the procedure can replace the co-adaptability theoretical solution effectively and solve practical conflicting events in construction projects.
文摘The relation between conflict and governance has been dominated by type of government rather than by system of government.With increasing conflict in countries with ethnic and religious diversity,the debate has gradually shifted to understand better the link between conflict and system of government.There is a growing evidence that suggests federal system performs better than unitary system in managing diversity and reducing conflict.Decentralization is even seen to be more effective than federal system not only in managing diversity and reducing conflict but also in delivering public goods.This article provides an account of evolution of system of government in South Sudan.It finds a clear association of centralized unitary system with violent conflict and a relative peace during period of decentralized government or federal system.A decentralized federal system may be appropriate for South Sudan in managing diversity and mitigating conflict.Despite the popular demand by their citizens for a federal system to manage diversity and reduce violent conflict,the ruling elites in the post-independent South Sudan adopted instead an autocratic centralized unitary system that contributed among other factors to the persistent violent conflicts,erosion of social cohesion,and rising mistrust between state and citizens and between and among the communities of South Sudan.
文摘This editorial explores the transformative potential of artificial intelligence(AI)in identifying conflicts of interest(COIs)within academic and scientific research.By harnessing advanced data analysis,pattern recognition,and natural language processing techniques,AI offers innovative solutions for enhancing transparency and integrity in research.This editorial discusses how AI can automatically detect COIs,integrate data from various sources,and streamline reporting processes,thereby maintaining the credibility of scientific findings.
文摘FIVE decades have passed since China and the European Union(EU)established diplomatic relations.In his phone call with Antonio Costa,president of the European Council,on January 14,2025,Chinese President Xi Jinping pointed out an important feature of China-EU relations:“There exists no clash of fundamental interests or geopolitical conflicts between China and the EU,making them partners that can contribute to each other’s success.”
文摘The Conflict of Interest statement in the published versions of the following articles appearing in volumes 1 and 3 of Advanced Agrochem includes state funded projects.
文摘This paper applies conflict management theory to study customer conflicts in budget hotels.Utilizing investigations and data analysis from budget hotels in Guilin,Guangxi Province,China,it identifies the factors that influence the formation of customer conflicts and describes the characteristics of each stage in the development process,as well as the dual role of the conflicts.The paper also presents strategies for managing the transition from non-confrontational to confrontational conflicts.
文摘CHINA IOMed Inauguration Ceremony Held The inauguration ceremony of the International Organisation for Mediation(IOMed),headquartered in China’s Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,was held on 20 October,marking a significant milestone in global conflict resolution.The IOMed is the world’s first intergovernmental international legal organisation dedicated to resolving international disputes through mediation.
