Intelligence is the capacity of an entity to adjust to environmental changes and overcome challenges.Intelligence has for all of eternity been a quality exclusive only to living organisms until the emergence of artifi...Intelligence is the capacity of an entity to adjust to environmental changes and overcome challenges.Intelligence has for all of eternity been a quality exclusive only to living organisms until the emergence of artificial intelligence.Thus the term“intelligence”inherently carries a latent“bionic”connotation.In contrast to artificial intelligence,which focuses on replicating and extending human cognitive abilities,bionic intelligence draws inspiration from intelligent behaviors and functions across diverse living organisms to enable bionic systems with low energy consumption,advanced working efficiency and strong task adaptability.展开更多
Bariatric and metabolic surgeries have gained extensive popularity and trust due to their documented efficacy and safety in managing not only obesity but also associated comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus, hypert...Bariatric and metabolic surgeries have gained extensive popularity and trust due to their documented efficacy and safety in managing not only obesity but also associated comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, sleep apnea, and joint pain. Traditionally, bariatric surgeries have been categorized into hypoabsorptive, restrictive, or hybrid approaches. However, these classifications inadequately reflect the complex anatomical and physiological alterations associated with modern surgical methodologies. This paper explores the evolution of metabolic surgeries, emphasizing the integration of physiological concepts into classic procedures to provide more tailored and effective treatment options for obesity and its comorbidities. Finally, the proposal for a new classification based on current metabolic concepts will facilitate communication among patients, doctors, and healthcare professionals. Additionally, it will enable a more didactic and standardized approach to data collection for conducting studies and publications.展开更多
The basic human rights concepts in Chinese classics mainly encompass three categories:the concept of order and freedom influenced by the worldview of the harmony between humanity and nature,the concept of human subjec...The basic human rights concepts in Chinese classics mainly encompass three categories:the concept of order and freedom influenced by the worldview of the harmony between humanity and nature,the concept of human subjectivity and the source of human rights influenced by the people-oriented or benevolence-oriented values,as well as the concept of the relationship between human rights and state power guided by the outlook on life of the great unity of all under heaven(tianxia).Among them,the concept of order and freedom of the harmony between humanity and nature and modeling itself on nature is more beneficial to the stability and development of human society than the Western concept of order and freedom under“rational choice.”The norm prototype of“Do not do to others what you do not want others to do to you”formed the Article 4 of the French Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen in 1789,and the concepts of“benevolence”and“human superiority”were written into Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the preamble of the Declaration of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment,respectively,which have become the common spiritual wealth of all humankind.The ancient Chinese imperial examination system for selecting virtuous and capable people was basically consistent with the provisions on the political rights of citizens to hold public office stipulated in contemporary human rights documents,and was advanced in the world at that time.The contemporary Chinese system of“the state respects and protects human rights”is a system rooted in the Chinese historical and cultural traditions and is with the superiority of socialism.展开更多
During the Tang Dynasty,incarcerated prisoners enjoyed various rights during their detention,including access to clothing,food,medical care,hygiene,rest,and burial arrangements.Under specific conditions,prisoners were...During the Tang Dynasty,incarcerated prisoners enjoyed various rights during their detention,including access to clothing,food,medical care,hygiene,rest,and burial arrangements.Under specific conditions,prisoners were even granted leave for family events such as funerals or weddings.The Rules for Prison Officials(Yuguanling)detailed the rights and safeguards for prisoners and set clear guidelines on the use of restraints during detention.Additionally,the Statutes on Deciding Cases(Duanyu Lü)outlined explicit penalties for judicial officials who failed to ensure prisoner rights or committed related violations.Interrogation processes adhered to strict procedural and substantive requirements,including direct questioning by judges,the avoidance of cases involving personal connections or conflicts of interest,evidence-based cross-examinations,careful investigation of circumstances,and consistent rulings across similar cases.The Tang legal code imposed comprehensive,detailed,and stringent limits on the application of coercive interrogations,specifying restrictions on tools,methods,subjects,and extent.Any breaches of these restrictions were met with severe punishments.While the concept of“human rights”did not appear in Tang legal and administrative texts,these laws and regulations embody abundant principles of people-centered governance,benevolence,and human rights concepts.Systematic examination of these ideas,values,and principles—when integrated with the Marxist perspective on human rights—can enrich China’s contemporary human rights practice,contribute to articulating China’s unique narrative on human rights,and play a role in constructing a distinctly Chinese discourse on human rights.Such efforts could provide Chinese wisdom and proposals for the advancement of human rights globally.展开更多
Manuel C.Molles Jr.所著的Ecology:Concepts and Applications(《生态学:概念与应用》)在教材与网络资源的建设方面进行了有益的尝试,其主教材及辅助教学资源的设计理念值得借鉴。主教材从1999年到2008年出版了4版,主教材内容及版本更...Manuel C.Molles Jr.所著的Ecology:Concepts and Applications(《生态学:概念与应用》)在教材与网络资源的建设方面进行了有益的尝试,其主教材及辅助教学资源的设计理念值得借鉴。主教材从1999年到2008年出版了4版,主教材内容及版本更新快,力求及时反映学科前沿水平的新技术、新知识;正文内容和版式编排设计以读者为本,注重为学生服务;网上辅助教学资源围绕主教材的系列产品进行整体设计,体现利教利学的建设理念,既为教师教学提供帮助和指导,也重视给予学生自我发挥的空间,网站展示条理清晰,内容布局规范,内容介绍注重以读者为中心,满足不同客户的需求。展开更多
By analyzing the structure and academic characteristics of early Western Han medical texts such as Prescriptions for Fifty-Two Diseases(Wu Shi Er Bing Fang)and Prescriptions for Health Preservation(Yang Sheng Fang),an...By analyzing the structure and academic characteristics of early Western Han medical texts such as Prescriptions for Fifty-Two Diseases(Wu Shi Er Bing Fang)and Prescriptions for Health Preservation(Yang Sheng Fang),and considering the development of philosophical thinking during the pre-Qin and Han periods,this study summarizes how Zhongjing Zhang’s Treatise on Cold Damage and Miscellaneous Diseases(Shang Han Za Bing Lun)inherited pre-Qin and Han philosophical thought while further integrating Daoist“natural law”cosmology,Confucian“benevolence”social ethics,and the“isomorphic unity of heaven and humanity”medical theory in Yellow Emperor’s Inner Classic(Huang Di Nei Jing).It proposes health preservation concepts encompassing heaven-human,body-spirit,and benevolence perspectives,along with dietary hygiene,representing the medical embodiment of pre-Han“virtue cultivation”and“body nurturing”life philosophies that profoundly influenced subsequent traditional Chinese medicine health preservation theory and practice.展开更多
With the progressive development of ecological civilization,the importance of environmental protection concepts in the landscape design discipline has become increasingly pronounced.Focusing on postgraduate landscape ...With the progressive development of ecological civilization,the importance of environmental protection concepts in the landscape design discipline has become increasingly pronounced.Focusing on postgraduate landscape design teaching,this study analyzes the theoretical logic underpinning the integration of environmental protection concepts with professional education.By incorporating contemporary teaching case studies,the paper systematically investigates the specific application pathways of environmental protection concepts in curriculum design,teaching methods,and evaluation mechanisms.The objective is to offer both theoretical insights and practical guidance to facilitate the ecological transformation of postgraduate landscape design education in China.展开更多
Purpose:Citations can be used in evaluative bibliometrics to measure the impact of papers.However,citation analysis can be extended by a multi-dimensional perspective on citation impact which is intended to receive mo...Purpose:Citations can be used in evaluative bibliometrics to measure the impact of papers.However,citation analysis can be extended by a multi-dimensional perspective on citation impact which is intended to receive more specific information about the kind of received impact.Design/methodology/approach:Bornmann,Wray,and Haunschild(2019)introduced citation concept analysis(CCA)for capturing the importance and usefulness certain concepts have in subsequent research.The method is based on the analysis of citances-the contexts of citations in citing papers.This study applies the method by investigating the impact of various concepts introduced in the oeuvre of the world-leading French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu.Findings:We found that the most cited concepts are‘social capital’(with about 34%of the citances in the citing papers),‘cultural capital’,and‘habitus’(both with about 24%).On the other hand,the concepts‘doxa’and‘reflexivity’score only about 1%each.Research limitations:The formulation of search terms for identifying the concepts in the data and the citation context coverage are the most important limitations of the study.Practical implications:The results of this explorative study reflect the historical development of Bourdieu’s thought and its interface with different fields of study.Originality/value:The study demonstrates the high explanatory power of the CCA method.展开更多
Traditional vernacular dwellings of Miao Nationality in southeast Guizhou Province are reasonable and scientific in many aspects, such as site selection, construction, structure, direction, room layout, harmony betwee...Traditional vernacular dwellings of Miao Nationality in southeast Guizhou Province are reasonable and scientific in many aspects, such as site selection, construction, structure, direction, room layout, harmony between constructions and environment, moderate development of natural resources and so on, which demonstrate the ecological concepts of Miao people respecting the Nature, pursuing the harmonious coexistence between human beings and Nature. This study analyzed the gist of Miao people constructing vernacular dwellings, i.e. natural and harmonious ecological concepts, the principle of planning according to actual conditions, saving cost by utilizing local materials and sustainably developing architectural structure.展开更多
College English teaching in China has long been criticized for its orientation to examination that consequently brings about negative learning attitude and ineffective learning achievement.Chinese educationists have b...College English teaching in China has long been criticized for its orientation to examination that consequently brings about negative learning attitude and ineffective learning achievement.Chinese educationists have brought forward several ap proaches to solve this problem but little has been changed due to the cultural influences.This paper analyzes the roots of examoriented education system in China in perspective of culture by comparing the Sino-U.S.cultural elements in depth in tradition al culture,learning and teaching motivation,teacher-student relationship and learners'engagement in class.This paper finally poses two suggestions on how to change the current situation gradually:(1) Focus on the washback of evaluation system on edu cational concepts.(2) Transform the product-evaluation to process-evaluation gradually by standardizing the current evaluation approaches,especially the standards of process-evaluation.展开更多
It has become a common pursuit of designers to construct comfortable,energy-conserving,high-efficiency and natural living environment since the early 21st century.In the coming low-carbon age,the evolution of low-carb...It has become a common pursuit of designers to construct comfortable,energy-conserving,high-efficiency and natural living environment since the early 21st century.In the coming low-carbon age,the evolution of low-carbon concepts will surely bring positive influence on the present planning concepts of residential community,and meanwhile,propose higher requirements on the natural and ecological properties of residential community,such as its infrastructure construction,traffic organization,environment greening and so on.Through analyzing relevant concepts of low carbon,the authors studied the development of low-carbon concepts in "human-centered" designs,and its applications in architecture,traffic and green spaces.This study proposed that the improvement of low-carbon society could be started from the design of low-carbon residential communities,so as to satisfy the increasing ecological needs of people on living environment,and play a promotional role in facilitating the sustainable development of society.展开更多
This article reviews the psychological and neuroscience achievements in concept learning since 2010 from the perspectives of individual learning and social learning,and discusses several issues related to concept lear...This article reviews the psychological and neuroscience achievements in concept learning since 2010 from the perspectives of individual learning and social learning,and discusses several issues related to concept learning,including the assistance of machine learning about concept learning.In terms of individual learning,current evidence shows that the brain tends to process concrete concepts through typical features(shared features);and for abstract concepts,semantic processing is the most important cognitive way.In terms of social learning,interpersonal neural synchrony(INS)is considered the main indicator of efficient knowledge transfer(such as teaching activities between teachers and students),but this phenomenon only broadens the channels for concept sources and does not change the basic mode of individual concept learning.Ultimately,this article argues that the way the human brain processes concepts depends on the concept’s own characteristics,so there are no“better”strategies in teaching,only more“suitable”strategies.展开更多
Current global urbanisation processes are leading to new forms of massive urban constellations. The conceptualisations and classifications of these, however, are often ambiguous, overlap or lag behind in scientific li...Current global urbanisation processes are leading to new forms of massive urban constellations. The conceptualisations and classifications of these, however, are often ambiguous, overlap or lag behind in scientific literature. This article examines whether there is a common denominator to define and delimitate–and ultimately map–these new dimensions of cityscapes. In an extensive literature review we analysed and juxtaposed some of the most common concepts such as megacity, megaregion or megalopolis. We observed that many concepts are abstract or unspecific, and for those concepts for which physical parameters exist, the parameters are neither properly defined nor used in standardised ways. While understandably concepts originate from various disciplines, the authors identify a need for more precise definition and use of parameters. We conclude that often, spatial patterns of large urban areas resemble each other considerably but the definitions vary so widely that these differences may surpass any inconsistencies in the spatial delimitation process. In other words, today we have tools such as earth observation data and Geographic Information Systems to parameterise if clear definitions are provided. This appears not to be the case. The limiting factor when delineating large urban areas seems to be a commonly agreed ontology.展开更多
Chemical concepts such as structure,bonding,reactivity,etc.have been widely used in the literature and text books to appreciate molecular properties and chemical transformations.Even though modern theoretical and comp...Chemical concepts such as structure,bonding,reactivity,etc.have been widely used in the literature and text books to appreciate molecular properties and chemical transformations.Even though modern theoretical and computational chemistry is well established from the perspective of accuracy and complexity,how to quantify these concepts is a still unresolved task.Conceptual density functional theory and its related recent developments provide unique opportunities to tackle this problem.In this Special Issue,27 contributions from top investigators over the world are collected to highlight the state-of-art research on this topic,which not only showcases the status of where we are now but also unveils a number to possible future directions to be pursued.展开更多
Neurotrophins：Neurotrophins are peptides or proteins that are known to regulate neuronal viability,development,and function Beyond synaptic plasticity,neurotrophins protect neurons from apoptosis and also promote neu...Neurotrophins：Neurotrophins are peptides or proteins that are known to regulate neuronal viability,development,and function Beyond synaptic plasticity,neurotrophins protect neurons from apoptosis and also promote neurogenesis to recover neuronal defici even in adulthood.展开更多
Our primary research hypothesis stands on a simple idea:The evolution of top-rated publications on a particular theme depends heavily on the progress and maturity of related topics.And this even when there are no clea...Our primary research hypothesis stands on a simple idea:The evolution of top-rated publications on a particular theme depends heavily on the progress and maturity of related topics.And this even when there are no clear relations or some concepts appear to cease to exist and leave place for newer ones starting many years ago.We implemented our model based on Computer Science Ontology(CSO)and analyzed 44 years of publications.Then we derived the most important concepts related to Cloud Computing(CC)from the scientific collection offered by Clarivate Analytics.Our methodology includes data extraction using advanced web crawling techniques,data preparation,statistical data analysis,and graphical representations.We obtained related concepts after aggregating the scores using the Jaccard coefficient and CSO Ontology.Our article reveals the contribution of Cloud Computing topics in research papers in leading scientific journals and the relationships between the field of Cloud Computing and the interdependent subdivisions identified in the broader framework of Computer Science.展开更多
Various viscosity-composition curves of polymer blends are summarized in eight groups. To represent these curves. 'sub-cluster equations' are derived on the basis of so called 'sub-cluster theoryThe essent...Various viscosity-composition curves of polymer blends are summarized in eight groups. To represent these curves. 'sub-cluster equations' are derived on the basis of so called 'sub-cluster theoryThe essential concepts of sub-cluster theory and the derivation of those 'Sub-cluster equations' are briefly introduced.展开更多
Information was a frequently used concept in many fields of investigation. However, this concept is still not really understood, when it is referred for instance to consciousness and its informational structure. In th...Information was a frequently used concept in many fields of investigation. However, this concept is still not really understood, when it is referred for instance to consciousness and its informational structure. In this paper it is followed the concept of information from philosophical to physics perspective, showing especially how this concept could be extended to matter in general and to the living in particular, as a result of the intimate interaction between matter and information, the human body appearing as a bipolar informed-matter structure. It is detailed on this way how this concept could be referred to consciousness, and an informational modeling of consciousness as an informational system of the human body is presented. Based on the anatomic architecture of the organism and on the inference of the specific information concepts, it is shown that the informational system of the human body could be described by seven informational subsystems, which are reflected in consciousness as corresponding cognitive centers. These results are able to explain the main properties of consciousness, both the cognitive and extra-cognitive properties of the mind, like that observed during the near-death experiences and other similar phenomena. Moreover, the results of such a modeling are compared with the existing empirical concepts and models on the energetic architecture of the organism, showing their relevance for the understanding of consciousness.展开更多
On the long and well-worn road of many, but justifiable attempts of human to discover his origin, his trajectory as a species, and a suitable understanding consciousness, his system allowing the connection to the envi...On the long and well-worn road of many, but justifiable attempts of human to discover his origin, his trajectory as a species, and a suitable understanding consciousness, his system allowing the connection to the environment and to his own organism, the concepts and models of philosophy enunciated or experienced by millennia, meet today with modern science concepts of physics and of science of information. Based on recent discoveries of quantum physics and astrophysics, revealing a new understanding of our environment and starting from some philosophical concepts on information of matter and of living structures, this work discusses the dynamics of information within the frame of the Informational Model of Consciousness as an informational system of the human body, connected both to the environment and to the body itself, to control the adaptation for survival. It is shown that consciousness is actually an informational projection in the mind of seven informational subsystems, three of which forming the operative system of consciousness for the short-term adaptation, and other three forming the programmed operating system, dedicated to the maintenance of body and to the long-term survival of species, showing various inputs and outputs of information. The seventh subsystem is the information pole, connecting the organism with the external information, especially related to the extra-sensorial properties of the mind, the human body appearing as a bipolar info-matter structure, managed by the brain. The received information is progressively integrated into the informational system of the organism, which absorbs and emanates information as a reactive system for adaptation, able to operate both with matter-related (codified) and non-matter related (virtual) information. As both connections with external and internal environment (body itself) can be described in terms of information, this model opens the gate to investigate consciousness by means of the tools of the information science, offering also answers to the philosophic “mind-body” problem and to the “hard” problem and showing correspondences with some ancient philosophies.展开更多
The sustainability of the planning and design goals of urban green land and that of its maintenance and management are mutually related and act as an organic whole. For a long time, the independence of the two is more...The sustainability of the planning and design goals of urban green land and that of its maintenance and management are mutually related and act as an organic whole. For a long time, the independence of the two is more prominent than their organic connection. This research has made preliminary considerations from three aspects. First, it concerns infusing the concept of ecology, contemplating and demonstrating space, as well as reducing the incidence of plant diseases and insect pests of urban green land. Second, the arrangement of flowers and trees for the planning and design of urban green land should comply with the biological attributes of flowers and trees to realize the organic unification of biological and scenic attributes of flowers and trees. Third, the planning and design of urban green land should attach importance to the organic unification of biological and scenic attributes of lawn grass seeds and reduce the difficulty of maintaining lawn. This research attempts to reduce the pressure of maintaining urban green land from the beginning, i.e. the planning and design of urban green land. It also tries to reduce the cost of maintenance and management to the realize planning and design goals of urban green land and the sustainability concerning its maintenance and management and arrive at the mutual unification of the planning and design as well as maintenance and management of urban green land.展开更多
基金supported by the Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52235006)the Major Science and Technology Project of Jilin Province,Changchun City(Grant No.20230301014ZD).
文摘Intelligence is the capacity of an entity to adjust to environmental changes and overcome challenges.Intelligence has for all of eternity been a quality exclusive only to living organisms until the emergence of artificial intelligence.Thus the term“intelligence”inherently carries a latent“bionic”connotation.In contrast to artificial intelligence,which focuses on replicating and extending human cognitive abilities,bionic intelligence draws inspiration from intelligent behaviors and functions across diverse living organisms to enable bionic systems with low energy consumption,advanced working efficiency and strong task adaptability.
文摘Bariatric and metabolic surgeries have gained extensive popularity and trust due to their documented efficacy and safety in managing not only obesity but also associated comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, sleep apnea, and joint pain. Traditionally, bariatric surgeries have been categorized into hypoabsorptive, restrictive, or hybrid approaches. However, these classifications inadequately reflect the complex anatomical and physiological alterations associated with modern surgical methodologies. This paper explores the evolution of metabolic surgeries, emphasizing the integration of physiological concepts into classic procedures to provide more tailored and effective treatment options for obesity and its comorbidities. Finally, the proposal for a new classification based on current metabolic concepts will facilitate communication among patients, doctors, and healthcare professionals. Additionally, it will enable a more didactic and standardized approach to data collection for conducting studies and publications.
文摘The basic human rights concepts in Chinese classics mainly encompass three categories:the concept of order and freedom influenced by the worldview of the harmony between humanity and nature,the concept of human subjectivity and the source of human rights influenced by the people-oriented or benevolence-oriented values,as well as the concept of the relationship between human rights and state power guided by the outlook on life of the great unity of all under heaven(tianxia).Among them,the concept of order and freedom of the harmony between humanity and nature and modeling itself on nature is more beneficial to the stability and development of human society than the Western concept of order and freedom under“rational choice.”The norm prototype of“Do not do to others what you do not want others to do to you”formed the Article 4 of the French Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen in 1789,and the concepts of“benevolence”and“human superiority”were written into Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the preamble of the Declaration of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment,respectively,which have become the common spiritual wealth of all humankind.The ancient Chinese imperial examination system for selecting virtuous and capable people was basically consistent with the provisions on the political rights of citizens to hold public office stipulated in contemporary human rights documents,and was advanced in the world at that time.The contemporary Chinese system of“the state respects and protects human rights”is a system rooted in the Chinese historical and cultural traditions and is with the superiority of socialism.
基金This article is an interim achievement of the National Social Science Fund Major Project“Classification,System Construction,and Database Building of Legislative Language of Qin-Han to Tang Dynasty”(Project Approval Number 21&ZD197).
文摘During the Tang Dynasty,incarcerated prisoners enjoyed various rights during their detention,including access to clothing,food,medical care,hygiene,rest,and burial arrangements.Under specific conditions,prisoners were even granted leave for family events such as funerals or weddings.The Rules for Prison Officials(Yuguanling)detailed the rights and safeguards for prisoners and set clear guidelines on the use of restraints during detention.Additionally,the Statutes on Deciding Cases(Duanyu Lü)outlined explicit penalties for judicial officials who failed to ensure prisoner rights or committed related violations.Interrogation processes adhered to strict procedural and substantive requirements,including direct questioning by judges,the avoidance of cases involving personal connections or conflicts of interest,evidence-based cross-examinations,careful investigation of circumstances,and consistent rulings across similar cases.The Tang legal code imposed comprehensive,detailed,and stringent limits on the application of coercive interrogations,specifying restrictions on tools,methods,subjects,and extent.Any breaches of these restrictions were met with severe punishments.While the concept of“human rights”did not appear in Tang legal and administrative texts,these laws and regulations embody abundant principles of people-centered governance,benevolence,and human rights concepts.Systematic examination of these ideas,values,and principles—when integrated with the Marxist perspective on human rights—can enrich China’s contemporary human rights practice,contribute to articulating China’s unique narrative on human rights,and play a role in constructing a distinctly Chinese discourse on human rights.Such efforts could provide Chinese wisdom and proposals for the advancement of human rights globally.
文摘Manuel C.Molles Jr.所著的Ecology:Concepts and Applications(《生态学:概念与应用》)在教材与网络资源的建设方面进行了有益的尝试,其主教材及辅助教学资源的设计理念值得借鉴。主教材从1999年到2008年出版了4版,主教材内容及版本更新快,力求及时反映学科前沿水平的新技术、新知识;正文内容和版式编排设计以读者为本,注重为学生服务;网上辅助教学资源围绕主教材的系列产品进行整体设计,体现利教利学的建设理念,既为教师教学提供帮助和指导,也重视给予学生自我发挥的空间,网站展示条理清晰,内容布局规范,内容介绍注重以读者为中心,满足不同客户的需求。
基金supported by the Henan Provincial Traditional Chinese Medicine Culture and Management Research Project(TCM2022036)Henan Provincial Traditional Chinese Medicine Culture Publication Funding Special Project(TCMCB2023016)+3 种基金Henan University of Chinese Medicine Research Seedling Project(MP2023-29)National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Project(GZY-KJS-2022-043-1)Henan Culture-Promoting Project Cultural Research Special Project(2022XWH231)National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Project(GZY-KJS-2022-037).
文摘By analyzing the structure and academic characteristics of early Western Han medical texts such as Prescriptions for Fifty-Two Diseases(Wu Shi Er Bing Fang)and Prescriptions for Health Preservation(Yang Sheng Fang),and considering the development of philosophical thinking during the pre-Qin and Han periods,this study summarizes how Zhongjing Zhang’s Treatise on Cold Damage and Miscellaneous Diseases(Shang Han Za Bing Lun)inherited pre-Qin and Han philosophical thought while further integrating Daoist“natural law”cosmology,Confucian“benevolence”social ethics,and the“isomorphic unity of heaven and humanity”medical theory in Yellow Emperor’s Inner Classic(Huang Di Nei Jing).It proposes health preservation concepts encompassing heaven-human,body-spirit,and benevolence perspectives,along with dietary hygiene,representing the medical embodiment of pre-Han“virtue cultivation”and“body nurturing”life philosophies that profoundly influenced subsequent traditional Chinese medicine health preservation theory and practice.
基金Sponsored by Postgraduate Education Reform and Quality Engineering Enhancement Project of Henan Province(YIS2023JC12).
文摘With the progressive development of ecological civilization,the importance of environmental protection concepts in the landscape design discipline has become increasingly pronounced.Focusing on postgraduate landscape design teaching,this study analyzes the theoretical logic underpinning the integration of environmental protection concepts with professional education.By incorporating contemporary teaching case studies,the paper systematically investigates the specific application pathways of environmental protection concepts in curriculum design,teaching methods,and evaluation mechanisms.The objective is to offer both theoretical insights and practical guidance to facilitate the ecological transformation of postgraduate landscape design education in China.
文摘Purpose:Citations can be used in evaluative bibliometrics to measure the impact of papers.However,citation analysis can be extended by a multi-dimensional perspective on citation impact which is intended to receive more specific information about the kind of received impact.Design/methodology/approach:Bornmann,Wray,and Haunschild(2019)introduced citation concept analysis(CCA)for capturing the importance and usefulness certain concepts have in subsequent research.The method is based on the analysis of citances-the contexts of citations in citing papers.This study applies the method by investigating the impact of various concepts introduced in the oeuvre of the world-leading French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu.Findings:We found that the most cited concepts are‘social capital’(with about 34%of the citances in the citing papers),‘cultural capital’,and‘habitus’(both with about 24%).On the other hand,the concepts‘doxa’and‘reflexivity’score only about 1%each.Research limitations:The formulation of search terms for identifying the concepts in the data and the citation context coverage are the most important limitations of the study.Practical implications:The results of this explorative study reflect the historical development of Bourdieu’s thought and its interface with different fields of study.Originality/value:The study demonstrates the high explanatory power of the CCA method.
文摘Traditional vernacular dwellings of Miao Nationality in southeast Guizhou Province are reasonable and scientific in many aspects, such as site selection, construction, structure, direction, room layout, harmony between constructions and environment, moderate development of natural resources and so on, which demonstrate the ecological concepts of Miao people respecting the Nature, pursuing the harmonious coexistence between human beings and Nature. This study analyzed the gist of Miao people constructing vernacular dwellings, i.e. natural and harmonious ecological concepts, the principle of planning according to actual conditions, saving cost by utilizing local materials and sustainably developing architectural structure.
文摘College English teaching in China has long been criticized for its orientation to examination that consequently brings about negative learning attitude and ineffective learning achievement.Chinese educationists have brought forward several ap proaches to solve this problem but little has been changed due to the cultural influences.This paper analyzes the roots of examoriented education system in China in perspective of culture by comparing the Sino-U.S.cultural elements in depth in tradition al culture,learning and teaching motivation,teacher-student relationship and learners'engagement in class.This paper finally poses two suggestions on how to change the current situation gradually:(1) Focus on the washback of evaluation system on edu cational concepts.(2) Transform the product-evaluation to process-evaluation gradually by standardizing the current evaluation approaches,especially the standards of process-evaluation.
文摘It has become a common pursuit of designers to construct comfortable,energy-conserving,high-efficiency and natural living environment since the early 21st century.In the coming low-carbon age,the evolution of low-carbon concepts will surely bring positive influence on the present planning concepts of residential community,and meanwhile,propose higher requirements on the natural and ecological properties of residential community,such as its infrastructure construction,traffic organization,environment greening and so on.Through analyzing relevant concepts of low carbon,the authors studied the development of low-carbon concepts in "human-centered" designs,and its applications in architecture,traffic and green spaces.This study proposed that the improvement of low-carbon society could be started from the design of low-carbon residential communities,so as to satisfy the increasing ecological needs of people on living environment,and play a promotional role in facilitating the sustainable development of society.
文摘This article reviews the psychological and neuroscience achievements in concept learning since 2010 from the perspectives of individual learning and social learning,and discusses several issues related to concept learning,including the assistance of machine learning about concept learning.In terms of individual learning,current evidence shows that the brain tends to process concrete concepts through typical features(shared features);and for abstract concepts,semantic processing is the most important cognitive way.In terms of social learning,interpersonal neural synchrony(INS)is considered the main indicator of efficient knowledge transfer(such as teaching activities between teachers and students),but this phenomenon only broadens the channels for concept sources and does not change the basic mode of individual concept learning.Ultimately,this article argues that the way the human brain processes concepts depends on the concept’s own characteristics,so there are no“better”strategies in teaching,only more“suitable”strategies.
文摘Current global urbanisation processes are leading to new forms of massive urban constellations. The conceptualisations and classifications of these, however, are often ambiguous, overlap or lag behind in scientific literature. This article examines whether there is a common denominator to define and delimitate–and ultimately map–these new dimensions of cityscapes. In an extensive literature review we analysed and juxtaposed some of the most common concepts such as megacity, megaregion or megalopolis. We observed that many concepts are abstract or unspecific, and for those concepts for which physical parameters exist, the parameters are neither properly defined nor used in standardised ways. While understandably concepts originate from various disciplines, the authors identify a need for more precise definition and use of parameters. We conclude that often, spatial patterns of large urban areas resemble each other considerably but the definitions vary so widely that these differences may surpass any inconsistencies in the spatial delimitation process. In other words, today we have tools such as earth observation data and Geographic Information Systems to parameterise if clear definitions are provided. This appears not to be the case. The limiting factor when delineating large urban areas seems to be a commonly agreed ontology.
基金We are immensely indebted to the Editor-in-Chief as well as the entire crew of the Editorial Office of Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica for making the Special Issue possible. I am in particular grateful to Dr. Xiaojuan Zhang, the Managing Editor, and Dr. Ying
文摘Chemical concepts such as structure,bonding,reactivity,etc.have been widely used in the literature and text books to appreciate molecular properties and chemical transformations.Even though modern theoretical and computational chemistry is well established from the perspective of accuracy and complexity,how to quantify these concepts is a still unresolved task.Conceptual density functional theory and its related recent developments provide unique opportunities to tackle this problem.In this Special Issue,27 contributions from top investigators over the world are collected to highlight the state-of-art research on this topic,which not only showcases the status of where we are now but also unveils a number to possible future directions to be pursued.
文摘Neurotrophins：Neurotrophins are peptides or proteins that are known to regulate neuronal viability,development,and function Beyond synaptic plasticity,neurotrophins protect neurons from apoptosis and also promote neurogenesis to recover neuronal defici even in adulthood.
基金Pawel Lula’s participation in the research has been carried out as part of a research initiative financed by Ministry of Science and Higher Education within“Regional Initiative of Excellence”Programme for 2019-2022.Project no.:021/RID/2018/19.Total financing 11897131.40 PLN.The other authors received no specific funding for this study.
文摘Our primary research hypothesis stands on a simple idea:The evolution of top-rated publications on a particular theme depends heavily on the progress and maturity of related topics.And this even when there are no clear relations or some concepts appear to cease to exist and leave place for newer ones starting many years ago.We implemented our model based on Computer Science Ontology(CSO)and analyzed 44 years of publications.Then we derived the most important concepts related to Cloud Computing(CC)from the scientific collection offered by Clarivate Analytics.Our methodology includes data extraction using advanced web crawling techniques,data preparation,statistical data analysis,and graphical representations.We obtained related concepts after aggregating the scores using the Jaccard coefficient and CSO Ontology.Our article reveals the contribution of Cloud Computing topics in research papers in leading scientific journals and the relationships between the field of Cloud Computing and the interdependent subdivisions identified in the broader framework of Computer Science.
文摘Various viscosity-composition curves of polymer blends are summarized in eight groups. To represent these curves. 'sub-cluster equations' are derived on the basis of so called 'sub-cluster theoryThe essential concepts of sub-cluster theory and the derivation of those 'Sub-cluster equations' are briefly introduced.
文摘Information was a frequently used concept in many fields of investigation. However, this concept is still not really understood, when it is referred for instance to consciousness and its informational structure. In this paper it is followed the concept of information from philosophical to physics perspective, showing especially how this concept could be extended to matter in general and to the living in particular, as a result of the intimate interaction between matter and information, the human body appearing as a bipolar informed-matter structure. It is detailed on this way how this concept could be referred to consciousness, and an informational modeling of consciousness as an informational system of the human body is presented. Based on the anatomic architecture of the organism and on the inference of the specific information concepts, it is shown that the informational system of the human body could be described by seven informational subsystems, which are reflected in consciousness as corresponding cognitive centers. These results are able to explain the main properties of consciousness, both the cognitive and extra-cognitive properties of the mind, like that observed during the near-death experiences and other similar phenomena. Moreover, the results of such a modeling are compared with the existing empirical concepts and models on the energetic architecture of the organism, showing their relevance for the understanding of consciousness.
文摘On the long and well-worn road of many, but justifiable attempts of human to discover his origin, his trajectory as a species, and a suitable understanding consciousness, his system allowing the connection to the environment and to his own organism, the concepts and models of philosophy enunciated or experienced by millennia, meet today with modern science concepts of physics and of science of information. Based on recent discoveries of quantum physics and astrophysics, revealing a new understanding of our environment and starting from some philosophical concepts on information of matter and of living structures, this work discusses the dynamics of information within the frame of the Informational Model of Consciousness as an informational system of the human body, connected both to the environment and to the body itself, to control the adaptation for survival. It is shown that consciousness is actually an informational projection in the mind of seven informational subsystems, three of which forming the operative system of consciousness for the short-term adaptation, and other three forming the programmed operating system, dedicated to the maintenance of body and to the long-term survival of species, showing various inputs and outputs of information. The seventh subsystem is the information pole, connecting the organism with the external information, especially related to the extra-sensorial properties of the mind, the human body appearing as a bipolar info-matter structure, managed by the brain. The received information is progressively integrated into the informational system of the organism, which absorbs and emanates information as a reactive system for adaptation, able to operate both with matter-related (codified) and non-matter related (virtual) information. As both connections with external and internal environment (body itself) can be described in terms of information, this model opens the gate to investigate consciousness by means of the tools of the information science, offering also answers to the philosophic “mind-body” problem and to the “hard” problem and showing correspondences with some ancient philosophies.
基金Sponsored by S & T Development Program(2008)of Suzhou Municipal S&T Bureau:"Study on the Early-warning Standards for the Protection and Monitoring of Ancient Trees in Suzhou Classical Gardens(SS08055)~~
文摘The sustainability of the planning and design goals of urban green land and that of its maintenance and management are mutually related and act as an organic whole. For a long time, the independence of the two is more prominent than their organic connection. This research has made preliminary considerations from three aspects. First, it concerns infusing the concept of ecology, contemplating and demonstrating space, as well as reducing the incidence of plant diseases and insect pests of urban green land. Second, the arrangement of flowers and trees for the planning and design of urban green land should comply with the biological attributes of flowers and trees to realize the organic unification of biological and scenic attributes of flowers and trees. Third, the planning and design of urban green land should attach importance to the organic unification of biological and scenic attributes of lawn grass seeds and reduce the difficulty of maintaining lawn. This research attempts to reduce the pressure of maintaining urban green land from the beginning, i.e. the planning and design of urban green land. It also tries to reduce the cost of maintenance and management to the realize planning and design goals of urban green land and the sustainability concerning its maintenance and management and arrive at the mutual unification of the planning and design as well as maintenance and management of urban green land.
