To improve the performance of the short interleaved serial concatenated convolutional code(SCCC) with low decoding iterative times, the structure of Log MAP algorithm is introduced into the conventional SOVA decoder...To improve the performance of the short interleaved serial concatenated convolutional code(SCCC) with low decoding iterative times, the structure of Log MAP algorithm is introduced into the conventional SOVA decoder to improve its performance at short interleaving delay. The combination of Log MAP and SOVA avoids updating the matrices of the maximum path, and also makes a contribution to the requirement of short delay. The simulation results of several SCCCs show that the improved decoder can obtain satisfied performance with short frame interleaver and it is suitable to the high bit rate low delay communication systems.展开更多
In this paper, direct sequence spread spectrum multiple access (DS/SSMA) communication system employing serially concatenated trellis coded modulation (TCM) and continuous phase modulation (CPM) over flat Rayleigh fa...In this paper, direct sequence spread spectrum multiple access (DS/SSMA) communication system employing serially concatenated trellis coded modulation (TCM) and continuous phase modulation (CPM) over flat Rayleigh fading channel are presented. The performance of this concatenated TCM/CPM DS/SSMA system is exploited by the theoretical analysis and numerical simulations. The results demonstrate that significant improvements in error probability of this DS/SSMA system over the system with single TCM or CPM of different modulation indices can be achieved under the same conditions.展开更多
A reduced state Soft Input Soft Output (SISO) a posteriori probability algorithm for Seri-ally Concatenated Continuous Phase Modulation (SCCPM) is proposed in this paper. Based on the Reduced State Sequence Detection ...A reduced state Soft Input Soft Output (SISO) a posteriori probability algorithm for Seri-ally Concatenated Continuous Phase Modulation (SCCPM) is proposed in this paper. Based on the Reduced State Sequence Detection (RSSD),it has more general form compared with other reduced state SISO algorithms. The proposed algorithm can greatly reduce the state number,thus leads to the computation complexity reduction. It also minimizes the degradation in Euclidean distance with decision feedback in the reduced state trellis. Analysis and simulation results show that the perform-ance degradation is little with proper reduction scheme.展开更多
A multi dimensional concatenation scheme for block codes is introduced, in which information symbols are interleaved and re encoded for more than once. It provides a convenient platform to design high performance co...A multi dimensional concatenation scheme for block codes is introduced, in which information symbols are interleaved and re encoded for more than once. It provides a convenient platform to design high performance codes with flexible interleaver size. Coset based MAP soft in/soft out decoding algorithms are presented for the F24 code. Simulation results show that the proposed coding scheme can achieve high coding gain with flexible interleaver length and very low decoding complexity.展开更多
The improved three novel schemes of the super forward error correction （super-FEC） concatenated codes are proposed after the development trend of long-haul optical transmission systems and the defects of the existin...The improved three novel schemes of the super forward error correction （super-FEC） concatenated codes are proposed after the development trend of long-haul optical transmission systems and the defects of the existing FEC codes have been analyzed. The performance simulation of the Reed-Solomon（RS）＋ Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocguenghem（BCH） inner-outer serial concatenated code is implemented and the conceptions of encoding/decoding the parallel-concatenated code are presented. Furthermore, the simulation results for the RS（255,239） ＋RS（255,239） code and the RS（255,239） ＋RS（255,223） code show that the two consecutive concatenated codes are a superior coding scheme with such advantages as the better error correction, moderate redundancy and easy realization compared to the classic RS（255,239） code and other codes, and their signal to noise ratio gains are respectively 2-3 dB more than that of the RS（255,239）code at the bit error rate of 1 × 10^-13. Finally, the frame structure of the novel consecutive concatenated code is arranged to lay a firm foundation in designing its hardware.展开更多
Eight oligonucleotide fragments were designed with the aid of a computer and synthesizedaccording to the amino add sequcnce of human atrial natriuretic factor(ANF).By means of an-nealing and ligation,these fragments w...Eight oligonucleotide fragments were designed with the aid of a computer and synthesizedaccording to the amino add sequcnce of human atrial natriuretic factor(ANF).By means of an-nealing and ligation,these fragments were assembled into an overlapping concatenator consisting oftwo ANF genes ligated by TGATG for termination and initiation of translation.Theconcatenator was omserted into plasmid pRC23 and the recobinant DNA was transformed into E.coli strain TAP106.Analysis by restriction enzyme mapping,hybridization and DNA sequenongshowed that the orientation and reading frame of the gene were correct.展开更多
In most practical quantum mechanical systems,quantum noise due to decoherence is highly biased towards dephasing.The quantum state suffers from phase flip noise much more seriously than from the bit flip noise.In this...In most practical quantum mechanical systems,quantum noise due to decoherence is highly biased towards dephasing.The quantum state suffers from phase flip noise much more seriously than from the bit flip noise.In this work,we construct new families of asymmetric quantum concatenated codes(AQCCs)to deal with such biased quantum noise.Our construction is based on a novel concatenation scheme for constructing AQCCs with large asymmetries,in which classical tensor product codes and concatenated codes are utilized to correct phase flip noise and bit flip noise,respectively.We generalize the original concatenation scheme to a more general case for better correcting degenerate errors.Moreover,we focus on constructing nonbinary AQCCs that are highly degenerate.Compared to previous literatures,AQCCs constructed in this paper show much better parameter performance than existed ones.Furthermore,we design the specific encoding circuit of the AQCCs.It is shown that our codes can be encoded more efficiently than standard quantum codes.展开更多
In this work,we study the performance of one shot and concatenated deleting machines(DMs).We show that the output state of one shot DMs are mixed inseparable,and do not violate Bell's inequality but can be used as...In this work,we study the performance of one shot and concatenated deleting machines(DMs).We show that the output state of one shot DMs are mixed inseparable,and do not violate Bell's inequality but can be used as a teleportation channel for all values of the input state parameters.On the other hand,we observe in the concatenation of different DMs that the output states are mixed inseparable and do not violate Bell's inequality,and cannot be used as a teleportation channel.Further,some important attributes such as inseparability,violation of Bell's inequality,and teleportation fidelity of the DMs remain unchanged under the order of concatenation.In this context of a teleportation channel,one shot DMs are useful when compared to concatenated DMs.展开更多
Multiple antenna wireless systems can provide larger channel capacity and enable spatial diversity to combat fading. In this paper we conduct an investigation into the design of coded space-time system obtained by ser...Multiple antenna wireless systems can provide larger channel capacity and enable spatial diversity to combat fading. In this paper we conduct an investigation into the design of coded space-time system obtained by serially concatenating channel code module and space-time code module with an interleaver in between. As an example, the system is constructed by employing low decoding complexity turbo-SPC （single parity check） code as outer module and linear complex field space-time code as inner module, which achieves full diversity and lossless equivalent channel capacity. Simulation results prove that our designed system performs well and it only loses 0.8 dB from multiple-input multiple-output （MIMO） capacity at BER = 10^-5 in the case of information bit length 6048. Compared with turbo code-based systems, it also has lower error floor.展开更多
The decoding technique of concatenated Hadamard codes and its performance are studied. Efficient soft in soft out decoding algorithms based on the fast Hadamard transform are developed. Performance required by CDMA mo...The decoding technique of concatenated Hadamard codes and its performance are studied. Efficient soft in soft out decoding algorithms based on the fast Hadamard transform are developed. Performance required by CDMA mobile or PCS speech services, e.g. , BER=10 -3 , can be achieved at Eb/No =0.9 dB using short interleaving length of 192 bits.展开更多
A strategy for a novel concatenated chaotic communication system is presented. The transmitter system comprises chaotic turbo encoder and logistic CSK block in a serially concatenated form. Chaotic turbo code is capab...A strategy for a novel concatenated chaotic communication system is presented. The transmitter system comprises chaotic turbo encoder and logistic CSK block in a serially concatenated form. Chaotic turbo code is capable of reducing bit error rate (BER) of the chaotic system in the AWGN channel. Through the chaotic turbo encoder, the coded sequence, which has quasi-chaotic properties, will be transmitted into the logistic CSK block. Having a very sensitive dependence on initial conditions of the map, the logistic CSK block can also be taken as the chaotic authentication method. The receiver, which has logistic demodulation block and chaotic decoder, is a linear asymptotic approximation to the inverse of the transmitter system. A chaotic iterative soft-decision decoding algorithm is also developed based on conventional maximum A posteriori decoding algorithm. At last, a two-step authentication method of this chaotic system is also presented.展开更多
A new concatenated code of RS（255,239）＋BCH（2 040,1 930） code to he suitable for WDM optical transmission systems is proposed. The simulation resuhs show that this new concatenated code. compared with the RS（255,...A new concatenated code of RS（255,239）＋BCH（2 040,1 930） code to he suitable for WDM optical transmission systems is proposed. The simulation resuhs show that this new concatenated code. compared with the RS（255,239）4-CSOC（k0/n0=6/7, J= 8） code in ITU-TG. 75.1, has a lower redundancy and better error-correction performance, furthermore, its net coding gain（NCG） is respectively 0. 46 dB, 0.43 dB morethanthatofRS（255,239）＋CSOC（k0/n0= 6/7, J= 8） code and BCH（3860,3824）＋BCH （2 040,1 930） code in ITU TG. 75. 1 at the third iteration for the bit error rate（BER） of 10^-12. Therefore, the new super forward error correction（Super-FEC） concatenated code can be better used in ultra long-haul, ultra large-capacity and ultra high-speed WDM optical communication systems.展开更多
This paper establishes a resilient concatenated coding platform for Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) with Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) over Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) channel. At th...This paper establishes a resilient concatenated coding platform for Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) with Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) over Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) channel. At the Forward Error Correction (FEC) coding unit, our proposed concatenated coding scheme utilizes standard type of BCH as external coding and LDPC as inner coding. In this scheme, Interleaver inclusion is seen as a catalyst to enhance the systems performance.展开更多
This task introduces a novel demand forecasting method using concatenated Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)with an Adaptive Network-based Fuzzy Inference System(ANFIS).The data regarding the historical demand and sale...This task introduces a novel demand forecasting method using concatenated Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)with an Adaptive Network-based Fuzzy Inference System(ANFIS).The data regarding the historical demand and sales data in integration with'advertising effectiveness,expenditure,promotions,and marketing events data'are collected initially.Then,the first-order statistical metrics and second-order statistical metrics are determined as the significant features of the data.Finally,the forecasting is performed by the concatenation of modified CNN with ANFIS termed Concatenated Learning Model(CLM),in which the CNN learns the optimal features that are forecasted by the ANFis layer instead of the fully connected layer.Deer Hunting with Modified Wind Angle Search(DH-MWS)is used to enhance the CNN and ANFIS architecture,ensuring better performance during forecasting.Simulation findings demonstrate that when the proposed solution is applied to public data,the store achieves improved accuracies concerning intelligent demand forecasting in the marketing sector.展开更多
Based on the studies of Reed-Solomon codes and orthogonalspace-time block codes over Rayleigh fading channel, a theoreticalmethod for estimating performance of Reed-Solomon codes concatenatedwith orthogonal space- tim...Based on the studies of Reed-Solomon codes and orthogonalspace-time block codes over Rayleigh fading channel, a theoreticalmethod for estimating performance of Reed-Solomon codes concatenatedwith orthogonal space- time block codes is presented in this paper.And an upper bound of the bit error rate is also obtained. It isshown through computer simulations that the signal-to-noise ratioreduces about 15 dB or more after orthogonal space-time block codesare concatenate with Reed-Solomon(15,6)codes over Rayleigh fadingchannel, when the bit error rate is 10^-4.展开更多
By constructing an accumulated-crossover relationship in multiple parallel concatenated single parity check （M-PC-SPC） codes, a class of error-correcting codes, termed multiple accumulated-crossover parallel concate...By constructing an accumulated-crossover relationship in multiple parallel concatenated single parity check （M-PC-SPC） codes, a class of error-correcting codes, termed multiple accumulated-crossover parallel concatenated single parity check （M-ACPC-SPC） codes, is proposed. M-ACPC-SPC codes possess linear encoding complexity and can be decoded iteratively with low complexity by the sum-product algorithm （SPA）. Simulation results show that M-ACPC-SPC codes have lower error floors than M-PCSPC codes with the same dimension, and when the dimension is 5, M-ACPC-SPC codes achieve bit error rate （BER） better than （3, 6） regular low density parity check （LDPC） codes.展开更多
In this paper, serially concatenated continuous phase modulation （SCCPM） system is analyzed and a reduced state soft input soft output （SlSO） a posteriori probability algorithm is proposed. Based on the reduced st...In this paper, serially concatenated continuous phase modulation （SCCPM） system is analyzed and a reduced state soft input soft output （SlSO） a posteriori probability algorithm is proposed. Based on the reduced state sequence detection （RSSD）, it has the more general form compared with other reduced state SISO algorithms. The proposed algorithm can greatly reduce the state number, thus leads to the computation complexity reduction. It also minimizes the degradation in Euclidean distance with decision feedback in the reduced state trellis. Analysis and simulation results show that the performance degradation is little with proper reduction scheme.展开更多
Deep learning neural network incorporating surface enhancement Raman scattering technique(SERS)is becoming as a powerful tool for the precise classifications and diagnosis of bacterial infections.However,the large amo...Deep learning neural network incorporating surface enhancement Raman scattering technique(SERS)is becoming as a powerful tool for the precise classifications and diagnosis of bacterial infections.However,the large amount of sample requirement and time-consuming sample collection severely hinder its applications.We herein propose a spectral concatenation strategy for residual neural network using nonspecific and specific SERS spectra for the training data augmentation,which is accessible to acquiring larger training dataset with same number of SERS spectra or same size of training dataset with fewer SERS spectra,compared with pure non-specific SERS spectra.With this strategy,the training loss exhibit rapid convergence,and an average accuracy up to 100%in bacteria classifications was achieved with50 SERS spectra for each kind of bacterium;even reduced to 20 SERS spectra per kind of bacterium,classification accuracy is still>95%,demonstrating marked advantage over the results without spectra concatenation.This method can markedly improve the classification accuracy under fewer samples and reduce the data collection workload,and can evidently enhance the performance when used in different machine learning models with high generalization ability.Therefore,this strategy is beneficial for rapid and accurate bacteria classifications with residual neural network.展开更多
Wearable signal analysis is an important technology for monitoring physiological signals without interfering with an individual’s daily behavior.As detecting cardiovascular diseases can dramatically reduce mortality,...Wearable signal analysis is an important technology for monitoring physiological signals without interfering with an individual’s daily behavior.As detecting cardiovascular diseases can dramatically reduce mortality,arrhythmia recognition using ECG signals has attracted much attention.In this paper,we propose a singlechannel convolutional neural network to detect Atrial Fibrillation(AF)based on ECG signals collected by wearable devices.It contains 3 primary modules.All recordings are firstly uniformly sized,normalized,and Butterworth low-pass filtered for noise removal.Then the preprocessed ECG signals are fed into convolutional layers for feature extraction.In the classification module,the preprocessed signals are fed into convolutional layers containing large kernels for feature extraction,and the fully connected layer provides probabilities.During the training process,the output of the previous pooling layer is concatenated with the vectors of the convolutional layer as a new feature map to reduce feature loss.Numerous comparison and ablation experiments are performed on the 2017 PhysioNet/CinC Challenge dataset,demonstrating the superiority of the proposed method.展开更多
Though belief propagation bit-flip(BPBF)decoding improves the error correction performance of polar codes,it uses the exhaustive flips method to achieve the error correction performance of CA-SCL decoding,thus resulti...Though belief propagation bit-flip(BPBF)decoding improves the error correction performance of polar codes,it uses the exhaustive flips method to achieve the error correction performance of CA-SCL decoding,thus resulting in high decoding complexity and latency.To alleviate this issue,we incorporate the LDPC-CRC-Polar coding scheme with BPBF and propose an improved belief propagation decoder for LDPC-CRC-Polar codes with bit-freezing(LDPCCRC-Polar codes BPBFz).The proposed LDPCCRC-Polar codes BPBFz employs the LDPC code to ensure the reliability of the flipping set,i.e.,critical set(CS),and dynamically update it.The modified CS is further utilized for the identification of error-prone bits.The proposed LDPC-CRC-Polar codes BPBFz obtains remarkable error correction performance and is comparable to that of the CA-SCL(L=16)decoder under medium-to-high signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)regions.It gains up to 1.2dB and 0.9dB at a fixed BLER=10-4compared with BP and BPBF(CS-1),respectively.In addition,the proposed LDPC-CRC-Polar codes BPBFz has lower decoding latency compared with CA-SCL and BPBF,i.e.,it is 15 times faster than CA-SCL(L=16)at high SNR regions.展开更多
文摘To improve the performance of the short interleaved serial concatenated convolutional code(SCCC) with low decoding iterative times, the structure of Log MAP algorithm is introduced into the conventional SOVA decoder to improve its performance at short interleaving delay. The combination of Log MAP and SOVA avoids updating the matrices of the maximum path, and also makes a contribution to the requirement of short delay. The simulation results of several SCCCs show that the improved decoder can obtain satisfied performance with short frame interleaver and it is suitable to the high bit rate low delay communication systems.
文摘In this paper, direct sequence spread spectrum multiple access (DS/SSMA) communication system employing serially concatenated trellis coded modulation (TCM) and continuous phase modulation (CPM) over flat Rayleigh fading channel are presented. The performance of this concatenated TCM/CPM DS/SSMA system is exploited by the theoretical analysis and numerical simulations. The results demonstrate that significant improvements in error probability of this DS/SSMA system over the system with single TCM or CPM of different modulation indices can be achieved under the same conditions.
基金Supported by NSFC & Microsoft Asia (60372048)China TRAPOYT, NSFC key project (60496316)+2 种基金863 Project (2005AA123910)RFDP (20050701007)MOE Key Project (104171).
文摘A reduced state Soft Input Soft Output (SISO) a posteriori probability algorithm for Seri-ally Concatenated Continuous Phase Modulation (SCCPM) is proposed in this paper. Based on the Reduced State Sequence Detection (RSSD),it has more general form compared with other reduced state SISO algorithms. The proposed algorithm can greatly reduce the state number,thus leads to the computation complexity reduction. It also minimizes the degradation in Euclidean distance with decision feedback in the reduced state trellis. Analysis and simulation results show that the perform-ance degradation is little with proper reduction scheme.
文摘A multi dimensional concatenation scheme for block codes is introduced, in which information symbols are interleaved and re encoded for more than once. It provides a convenient platform to design high performance codes with flexible interleaver size. Coset based MAP soft in/soft out decoding algorithms are presented for the F24 code. Simulation results show that the proposed coding scheme can achieve high coding gain with flexible interleaver length and very low decoding complexity.
文摘The improved three novel schemes of the super forward error correction （super-FEC） concatenated codes are proposed after the development trend of long-haul optical transmission systems and the defects of the existing FEC codes have been analyzed. The performance simulation of the Reed-Solomon（RS）＋ Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocguenghem（BCH） inner-outer serial concatenated code is implemented and the conceptions of encoding/decoding the parallel-concatenated code are presented. Furthermore, the simulation results for the RS（255,239） ＋RS（255,239） code and the RS（255,239） ＋RS（255,223） code show that the two consecutive concatenated codes are a superior coding scheme with such advantages as the better error correction, moderate redundancy and easy realization compared to the classic RS（255,239） code and other codes, and their signal to noise ratio gains are respectively 2-3 dB more than that of the RS（255,239）code at the bit error rate of 1 × 10^-13. Finally, the frame structure of the novel consecutive concatenated code is arranged to lay a firm foundation in designing its hardware.
文摘Eight oligonucleotide fragments were designed with the aid of a computer and synthesizedaccording to the amino add sequcnce of human atrial natriuretic factor(ANF).By means of an-nealing and ligation,these fragments were assembled into an overlapping concatenator consisting oftwo ANF genes ligated by TGATG for termination and initiation of translation.Theconcatenator was omserted into plasmid pRC23 and the recobinant DNA was transformed into E.coli strain TAP106.Analysis by restriction enzyme mapping,hybridization and DNA sequenongshowed that the orientation and reading frame of the gene were correct.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61802175,61871120,61872184,and 62071240)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(Grant No.NZ2020021)。
文摘In most practical quantum mechanical systems,quantum noise due to decoherence is highly biased towards dephasing.The quantum state suffers from phase flip noise much more seriously than from the bit flip noise.In this work,we construct new families of asymmetric quantum concatenated codes(AQCCs)to deal with such biased quantum noise.Our construction is based on a novel concatenation scheme for constructing AQCCs with large asymmetries,in which classical tensor product codes and concatenated codes are utilized to correct phase flip noise and bit flip noise,respectively.We generalize the original concatenation scheme to a more general case for better correcting degenerate errors.Moreover,we focus on constructing nonbinary AQCCs that are highly degenerate.Compared to previous literatures,AQCCs constructed in this paper show much better parameter performance than existed ones.Furthermore,we design the specific encoding circuit of the AQCCs.It is shown that our codes can be encoded more efficiently than standard quantum codes.
文摘In this work,we study the performance of one shot and concatenated deleting machines(DMs).We show that the output state of one shot DMs are mixed inseparable,and do not violate Bell's inequality but can be used as a teleportation channel for all values of the input state parameters.On the other hand,we observe in the concatenation of different DMs that the output states are mixed inseparable and do not violate Bell's inequality,and cannot be used as a teleportation channel.Further,some important attributes such as inseparability,violation of Bell's inequality,and teleportation fidelity of the DMs remain unchanged under the order of concatenation.In this context of a teleportation channel,one shot DMs are useful when compared to concatenated DMs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant Nos.60332030, 60572157）, and the National High-TechnologY Research and Development of China （Grant No.863-2003AA123310）
文摘Multiple antenna wireless systems can provide larger channel capacity and enable spatial diversity to combat fading. In this paper we conduct an investigation into the design of coded space-time system obtained by serially concatenating channel code module and space-time code module with an interleaver in between. As an example, the system is constructed by employing low decoding complexity turbo-SPC （single parity check） code as outer module and linear complex field space-time code as inner module, which achieves full diversity and lossless equivalent channel capacity. Simulation results prove that our designed system performs well and it only loses 0.8 dB from multiple-input multiple-output （MIMO） capacity at BER = 10^-5 in the case of information bit length 6048. Compared with turbo code-based systems, it also has lower error floor.
文摘The decoding technique of concatenated Hadamard codes and its performance are studied. Efficient soft in soft out decoding algorithms based on the fast Hadamard transform are developed. Performance required by CDMA mobile or PCS speech services, e.g. , BER=10 -3 , can be achieved at Eb/No =0.9 dB using short interleaving length of 192 bits.
基金This project was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 60072028).
文摘A strategy for a novel concatenated chaotic communication system is presented. The transmitter system comprises chaotic turbo encoder and logistic CSK block in a serially concatenated form. Chaotic turbo code is capable of reducing bit error rate (BER) of the chaotic system in the AWGN channel. Through the chaotic turbo encoder, the coded sequence, which has quasi-chaotic properties, will be transmitted into the logistic CSK block. Having a very sensitive dependence on initial conditions of the map, the logistic CSK block can also be taken as the chaotic authentication method. The receiver, which has logistic demodulation block and chaotic decoder, is a linear asymptotic approximation to the inverse of the transmitter system. A chaotic iterative soft-decision decoding algorithm is also developed based on conventional maximum A posteriori decoding algorithm. At last, a two-step authentication method of this chaotic system is also presented.
基金National High Technology Development Program(863) of China (2005AA123730) Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing University of Posts & Telecommunications(A2006 -53)
文摘A new concatenated code of RS（255,239）＋BCH（2 040,1 930） code to he suitable for WDM optical transmission systems is proposed. The simulation resuhs show that this new concatenated code. compared with the RS（255,239）4-CSOC（k0/n0=6/7, J= 8） code in ITU-TG. 75.1, has a lower redundancy and better error-correction performance, furthermore, its net coding gain（NCG） is respectively 0. 46 dB, 0.43 dB morethanthatofRS（255,239）＋CSOC（k0/n0= 6/7, J= 8） code and BCH（3860,3824）＋BCH （2 040,1 930） code in ITU TG. 75. 1 at the third iteration for the bit error rate（BER） of 10^-12. Therefore, the new super forward error correction（Super-FEC） concatenated code can be better used in ultra long-haul, ultra large-capacity and ultra high-speed WDM optical communication systems.
文摘This paper establishes a resilient concatenated coding platform for Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) with Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) over Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) channel. At the Forward Error Correction (FEC) coding unit, our proposed concatenated coding scheme utilizes standard type of BCH as external coding and LDPC as inner coding. In this scheme, Interleaver inclusion is seen as a catalyst to enhance the systems performance.
文摘This task introduces a novel demand forecasting method using concatenated Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)with an Adaptive Network-based Fuzzy Inference System(ANFIS).The data regarding the historical demand and sales data in integration with'advertising effectiveness,expenditure,promotions,and marketing events data'are collected initially.Then,the first-order statistical metrics and second-order statistical metrics are determined as the significant features of the data.Finally,the forecasting is performed by the concatenation of modified CNN with ANFIS termed Concatenated Learning Model(CLM),in which the CNN learns the optimal features that are forecasted by the ANFis layer instead of the fully connected layer.Deer Hunting with Modified Wind Angle Search(DH-MWS)is used to enhance the CNN and ANFIS architecture,ensuring better performance during forecasting.Simulation findings demonstrate that when the proposed solution is applied to public data,the store achieves improved accuracies concerning intelligent demand forecasting in the marketing sector.
文摘Based on the studies of Reed-Solomon codes and orthogonalspace-time block codes over Rayleigh fading channel, a theoreticalmethod for estimating performance of Reed-Solomon codes concatenatedwith orthogonal space- time block codes is presented in this paper.And an upper bound of the bit error rate is also obtained. It isshown through computer simulations that the signal-to-noise ratioreduces about 15 dB or more after orthogonal space-time block codesare concatenate with Reed-Solomon(15,6)codes over Rayleigh fadingchannel, when the bit error rate is 10^-4.
基金Supported by the National High-Tech Research & Development Program of China (Grant No. 2007AA01Z288)the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars (Grant No. 60725105)the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University and the 111 Project (Grant No. B08038)
文摘By constructing an accumulated-crossover relationship in multiple parallel concatenated single parity check （M-PC-SPC） codes, a class of error-correcting codes, termed multiple accumulated-crossover parallel concatenated single parity check （M-ACPC-SPC） codes, is proposed. M-ACPC-SPC codes possess linear encoding complexity and can be decoded iteratively with low complexity by the sum-product algorithm （SPA）. Simulation results show that M-ACPC-SPC codes have lower error floors than M-PCSPC codes with the same dimension, and when the dimension is 5, M-ACPC-SPC codes achieve bit error rate （BER） better than （3, 6） regular low density parity check （LDPC） codes.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 60496316, 60532060 and 60572146)the Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education (Grant No. 20050701007)China Teaching and Research Award Program for Outstanding Young Teachers in Higher Education Institutions of MOE, MOE Key Project (Grant No. 107103)
文摘In this paper, serially concatenated continuous phase modulation （SCCPM） system is analyzed and a reduced state soft input soft output （SlSO） a posteriori probability algorithm is proposed. Based on the reduced state sequence detection （RSSD）, it has the more general form compared with other reduced state SISO algorithms. The proposed algorithm can greatly reduce the state number, thus leads to the computation complexity reduction. It also minimizes the degradation in Euclidean distance with decision feedback in the reduced state trellis. Analysis and simulation results show that the performance degradation is little with proper reduction scheme.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2023YFC3402900)the National Nature Science of Foundation(No.61875131)+1 种基金Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Photonics and Biophotonics(No.ZDSYS20210623092006020)Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Program(No.20231120175730001)。
文摘Deep learning neural network incorporating surface enhancement Raman scattering technique(SERS)is becoming as a powerful tool for the precise classifications and diagnosis of bacterial infections.However,the large amount of sample requirement and time-consuming sample collection severely hinder its applications.We herein propose a spectral concatenation strategy for residual neural network using nonspecific and specific SERS spectra for the training data augmentation,which is accessible to acquiring larger training dataset with same number of SERS spectra or same size of training dataset with fewer SERS spectra,compared with pure non-specific SERS spectra.With this strategy,the training loss exhibit rapid convergence,and an average accuracy up to 100%in bacteria classifications was achieved with50 SERS spectra for each kind of bacterium;even reduced to 20 SERS spectra per kind of bacterium,classification accuracy is still>95%,demonstrating marked advantage over the results without spectra concatenation.This method can markedly improve the classification accuracy under fewer samples and reduce the data collection workload,and can evidently enhance the performance when used in different machine learning models with high generalization ability.Therefore,this strategy is beneficial for rapid and accurate bacteria classifications with residual neural network.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62171114)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.DUT22RC(3)099)Xiaomi Young Talents Program.
文摘Wearable signal analysis is an important technology for monitoring physiological signals without interfering with an individual’s daily behavior.As detecting cardiovascular diseases can dramatically reduce mortality,arrhythmia recognition using ECG signals has attracted much attention.In this paper,we propose a singlechannel convolutional neural network to detect Atrial Fibrillation(AF)based on ECG signals collected by wearable devices.It contains 3 primary modules.All recordings are firstly uniformly sized,normalized,and Butterworth low-pass filtered for noise removal.Then the preprocessed ECG signals are fed into convolutional layers for feature extraction.In the classification module,the preprocessed signals are fed into convolutional layers containing large kernels for feature extraction,and the fully connected layer provides probabilities.During the training process,the output of the previous pooling layer is concatenated with the vectors of the convolutional layer as a new feature map to reduce feature loss.Numerous comparison and ablation experiments are performed on the 2017 PhysioNet/CinC Challenge dataset,demonstrating the superiority of the proposed method.
基金partially supported by the National Key Research and Development Project under Grant 2020YFB1806805。
文摘Though belief propagation bit-flip(BPBF)decoding improves the error correction performance of polar codes,it uses the exhaustive flips method to achieve the error correction performance of CA-SCL decoding,thus resulting in high decoding complexity and latency.To alleviate this issue,we incorporate the LDPC-CRC-Polar coding scheme with BPBF and propose an improved belief propagation decoder for LDPC-CRC-Polar codes with bit-freezing(LDPCCRC-Polar codes BPBFz).The proposed LDPCCRC-Polar codes BPBFz employs the LDPC code to ensure the reliability of the flipping set,i.e.,critical set(CS),and dynamically update it.The modified CS is further utilized for the identification of error-prone bits.The proposed LDPC-CRC-Polar codes BPBFz obtains remarkable error correction performance and is comparable to that of the CA-SCL(L=16)decoder under medium-to-high signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)regions.It gains up to 1.2dB and 0.9dB at a fixed BLER=10-4compared with BP and BPBF(CS-1),respectively.In addition,the proposed LDPC-CRC-Polar codes BPBFz has lower decoding latency compared with CA-SCL and BPBF,i.e.,it is 15 times faster than CA-SCL(L=16)at high SNR regions.
