The role of the construction industry in economic growth has been widely discussed in the extant literature,but existing studies have not investigated the disaggregated impact of construction investments on the produc...The role of the construction industry in economic growth has been widely discussed in the extant literature,but existing studies have not investigated the disaggregated impact of construction investments on the production and social sectors.This study examines the disaggregated effect of construction investments on the Saudi economy.The study uses a social accounting matrix of Saudi Arabia and constructs a dynamic computable general equilibrium model.The findings reveal that construction investments significantly boosted GDP and aggregate investments in the first two periods;however,the growth declined in the following three periods.This finding underlines the importance of long-term investments in the construction sector and calls for continuous monitoring and updating of the investment policy for sustainable development.This study also presents the disaggregated impact of investments on the value-added by each sector of the economy.The ranking of sectors exhibits that mining and quarry activities underwent a high increase in value-added,second to construction activities.Other economic activities also experienced growth in value-added and some of them changed their ranks within the five years.展开更多
The intensity allocation criteria of carbon emissions permits and its influence on China's regional development are analyzed through the 30-province/autonomous region computable general equilibrium(CGE)model.Simul...The intensity allocation criteria of carbon emissions permits and its influence on China's regional development are analyzed through the 30-province/autonomous region computable general equilibrium(CGE)model.Simulation results show that:industrial intensity criteria without taking regional economic development into account deepen the unbalance of regional economic development;regional intensity criteria without taking industrial properties into account exert little negative impact on regional harmonious development,but relatively high negative influence on high-carbon emission industries.The two-step allocation scheme that the central government allocates emissions permits to provincial governments based on regional economic development and then provincial governments allocate emissions permits to emission resources or entities based on industrial properties is a feasible and operable choice.展开更多
The public health and ecological impacts of volatile organic compound(VOCs) pollution have become a serious problem in China,arousing increasing attention to emissions control.In this context,this paper analyses the e...The public health and ecological impacts of volatile organic compound(VOCs) pollution have become a serious problem in China,arousing increasing attention to emissions control.In this context,this paper analyses the effectiveness of VOC reduction policies,namely pollution charges and environmental taxes at the national and industrial sector levels.It uses a computable general equilibrium model,which connects macroeconomic variables with VOC emissions inventory,to simulate the effects of policy scenarios(with 2007 as the reference year).This paper shows that VOC emissions are reduced by 2.2% when a pollution charge equal to the average cost of engineering reduction methods-the traditional approach to regulation in China-is applied.In order to achieve a similar reduction,an 8.9% indirect tax would have to be imposed.It concludes that an environmental tax should be the preferred method of VOC regulation due to its smaller footprint on the macroeconomy.Other policies,such as subsidies,should be used as supplements.展开更多
Researching China's innovative economic and financial innovation issues under the background of the New Normal, we need to carefully analyze the internal structure and interaction of China's macroeconomics.The...Researching China's innovative economic and financial innovation issues under the background of the New Normal, we need to carefully analyze the internal structure and interaction of China's macroeconomics.The computable general equilibrium(CGE) model has outstanding advantages on predicting the external shock influences on economic system, but previous studies on forecast for China's future economy mostly considered a high growth rate which is hard to comply with the New Normal scene. By constructing China's macroeconomic dynamic CGE(DCGE) model and anticipating the economic impact of the New Normal, this paper finds that the New Normal has a certain extent inhibition on China's macro-economy and innovation. However, after adding the research and development(R&D) subsidy policy, the negative impacts of the New Normal on macro-economy can be eliminated to realize the optimization of economic structure. In addition, after combining the financial innovation promoting policy and the Ke Qiang index through the simulation of macro-economy, we find that the quality of economic growth is improved. Finally, we provide the policy recommendations for the realization of an innovative economy under China's New Normal.展开更多
BACKGROUND With the recent change in the definition(Sepsis-3 Definition)of sepsis and septic shock,an electronic search algorithm was required to identify the cases for data automation.This supervised machine learning...BACKGROUND With the recent change in the definition(Sepsis-3 Definition)of sepsis and septic shock,an electronic search algorithm was required to identify the cases for data automation.This supervised machine learning method would help screen a large amount of electronic medical records(EMR)for efficient research purposes.AIM To develop and validate a computable phenotype via supervised machine learning method for retrospectively identifying sepsis and septic shock in critical care patients.METHODS A supervised machine learning method was developed based on culture orders,Sequential Organ Failure Assessment(SOFA)scores,serum lactate levels and vasopressor use in the intensive care units(ICUs).The computable phenotype was derived from a retrospective analysis of a random cohort of 100 patients admitted to the medical ICU.This was then validated in an independent cohort of 100 patients.We compared the results from computable phenotype to a gold standard by manual review of EMR by 2 blinded reviewers.Disagreement was resolved by a critical care clinician.A SOFA score≥2 during the ICU stay with a culture 72 h before or after the time of admission was identified.Sepsis versions as V1 was defined as blood cultures with SOFA≥2 and Sepsis V2 was defined as any culture with SOFA score≥2.A serum lactate level≥2 mmol/L from 24 h before admission till their stay in the ICU and vasopressor use with Sepsis-1 and-2 were identified as Septic Shock-V1 and-V2 respectively.RESULTS In the derivation subset of 100 random patients,the final machine learning strategy achieved a sensitivity-specificity of 100%and 84%for Sepsis-1,100%and 95%for Sepsis-2,78%and 80%for Septic Shock-1,and 80%and 90%for Septic Shock-2.An overall percent of agreement between two blinded reviewers had a k=0.86 and 0.90 for Sepsis 2 and Septic shock 2 respectively.In validation of the algorithm through a separate 100 random patient subset,the reported sensitivity and specificity for all 4 diagnoses were 100%-100%each.CONCLUSION Supervised machine learning for identification of sepsis and septic shock is reliable and an efficient alternative to manual chart review.展开更多
In this paper,we study the computative structure of computable function-a structure of computative tree,and,by analysis on it,got the most general algorithm and model for computation on computable functions.
This paper proposes and illustrates an AI embedded object-oriented methodology to formulate the computable general equilibrium (CGE) models. In this framework, a CGE model is viewed as a collection of objects embedd...This paper proposes and illustrates an AI embedded object-oriented methodology to formulate the computable general equilibrium (CGE) models. In this framework, a CGE model is viewed as a collection of objects embedded AI or namely agents in computer world, corresponding to economic agents and entities in real world, such as government, households, markets and so on. A frame representation of major objects in CGE model is used for trade and environment. Embedded Al object-oriented approach (or software agent) is used in the CGE model representation can able to narrow the gap among the semantic representation, formal CGE (mathematical) representation and computer and algorithm representation, and to improve CGE in understanding and maintenance etc. In such a system, constructing a CGE model to appear an intuitive process rather than an abstract process. This intuitive process needs more understanding of the substance of economics and the logic underlying the problem rather than mathematical notation.展开更多
This paper examined the impacts of the total energy consumption control policy and energy quota allocation plans on China′s regional economy. This research analyzed the influences of different energy quota allocation...This paper examined the impacts of the total energy consumption control policy and energy quota allocation plans on China′s regional economy. This research analyzed the influences of different energy quota allocation plans with various weights of equity and efficiency, using a dynamic computable general equilibrium(CGE) model for 30 province-level administrative regions. The results show that the efficiency-first allocation plan costs the least but widens regional income gap, whereas the outcomes of equity-first allocation plan and intensity target-based allocation plan are similar and are both opposite to the efficiency-first allocation plan′ outcome. The plan featuring a balance between efficiency and equity is more feasible, which can bring regional economic losses evenly and prevent massive interregional migration of energy-related industries. Furthermore, the effects of possible induced energy technology improvements in different energy quota allocation plans were studied. Induced energy technology improvements can add more feasibility to all allocation plans under the total energy consumption control policy. In the long term, if the policy of the total energy consumption control continues and more market-based tools are implemented to allocate energy quotas, the positive consequences of induced energy technology improvements will become much more obvious.展开更多
Changes in the energy price system will determine the direction of evolution of the energy industry structure.As a country where coal is the dominant energy source,what is the effect of coal price fluctuations on Chin...Changes in the energy price system will determine the direction of evolution of the energy industry structure.As a country where coal is the dominant energy source,what is the effect of coal price fluctuations on China’s industry development costs and energy consumption structure?To investigate this problem,this paper utilized an economy–energy–environment computable general equilibrium model.In this study,four aspects were analyzed:Energy supply side,proportion of renewable energy consumption,macroeconomy,and changes in CO_(2) emissions.The results of this study show that an increase of 10%–20%in coal prices contributes to a shift into using renewable energy,which leads to energy saving and emission reduction.Renewable energy and clean energy rose by 0.57%–4.47%in the energy structure,but this has a certain negative impact on the macroeconomy.The gross domestic product(GDP)fell by 0.07%–0.18%.As a result,the decline in coal prices became an obstacle to renewable energy substitution and energy conservation.In addition,we put forward policy suggestions according to the results in energy,economic,and environmental effects.展开更多
The challenge of meeting the ever-increasing food demand for the growing population will be further exacerbated by climate change in Ethiopia. This paper presents the simulated economy-wide impacts of climate change o...The challenge of meeting the ever-increasing food demand for the growing population will be further exacerbated by climate change in Ethiopia. This paper presents the simulated economy-wide impacts of climate change on the agriculture sector of Ethiopia using a dynamic computable general equilibrium (CGE) model. The study simulated the scenarios of agricultural productivity change induced by climate change up to the year 2050. At national level, the simulation results suggest that crop production will be adversely affected during the coming four decades and the severity will increase over the time period. Production of teff, maize and sorghum will decline by 25.4, 21.8 and 25.2 percent, respectively by 2050 compared to the base period. Climate change will also cause losses of 31.1 percent agricultural GDP at factor cost by 2050. Climate change affects more the income and consumption of poor rural households than urban rural non-farming households. The reduction in agricultural production will not be evenly distributed across agro ecological zones, and will not all be negative. Among rural residents, climate change impacts tend to hurt the income of the poor more in drought prone regions. Income from labor, land and livestock in moisture sufficient highland cereal-based will decline by 5.1, 8.8 and 15.2 percent in 2050. This study indicated that since climate change is an inevitable phenomenon, the country should start mainstreaming adaptation measures to sustain the overall performance of the economy.展开更多
Papyrus is increasingly suggested as an alternative bioenergy source to reduce the pressure on forest ecosystems. However, there are few studies on the economic viability of papyrus wetlands and the benefits for local...Papyrus is increasingly suggested as an alternative bioenergy source to reduce the pressure on forest ecosystems. However, there are few studies on the economic viability of papyrus wetlands and the benefits for local communities. We construct a village Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model to examine whether papyrus harvesting and processing has the potential to improve local livelihoods and simultaneously counteract pressure on local forest resources. We apply the CGE model to a village in northern Zambia where overexploitation of forest resources to produce energy from firewood and charcoal poses a serious problem. The analysis is based on survey data?from 105 households collected in 2015. The model results show that papyrus briquetting would be a possible?alternative biofuel and that this technology improves household income and utility through?labor?reallocations. Higher opportunity costs lead to households switching from firewood extraction and charcoal production activities to papyrus harvesting and processing to produce bioenergy. Replacing energy supplies from firewood and charcoal with papyrus briquettes results in substitution effects between forest land and wetland and thereby reduces the pressure on local forest resources. The CGE approach allows for an economy-wide ex-ante analysis at village level and can support management decisions to ensure the success of papyrus bioenergy interventions.展开更多
Quantum computing offers unprecedented computational power, enabling simultaneous computations beyond traditional computers. Quantum computers differ significantly from classical computers, necessitating a distinct ap...Quantum computing offers unprecedented computational power, enabling simultaneous computations beyond traditional computers. Quantum computers differ significantly from classical computers, necessitating a distinct approach to algorithm design, which involves taming quantum mechanical phenomena. This paper extends the numbering of computable programs to be applied in the quantum computing context. Numbering computable programs is a theoretical computer science concept that assigns unique numbers to individual programs or algorithms. Common methods include Gödel numbering which encodes programs as strings of symbols or characters, often used in formal systems and mathematical logic. Based on the proposed numbering approach, this paper presents a mechanism to explore the set of possible quantum algorithms. The proposed approach is able to construct useful circuits such as Quantum Key Distribution BB84 protocol, which enables sender and receiver to establish a secure cryptographic key via a quantum channel. The proposed approach facilitates the process of exploring and constructing quantum algorithms.展开更多
Satellite edge computing has garnered significant attention from researchers;however,processing a large volume of tasks within multi-node satellite networks still poses considerable challenges.The sharp increase in us...Satellite edge computing has garnered significant attention from researchers;however,processing a large volume of tasks within multi-node satellite networks still poses considerable challenges.The sharp increase in user demand for latency-sensitive tasks has inevitably led to offloading bottlenecks and insufficient computational capacity on individual satellite edge servers,making it necessary to implement effective task offloading scheduling to enhance user experience.In this paper,we propose a priority-based task scheduling strategy based on a Software-Defined Network(SDN)framework for satellite-terrestrial integrated networks,which clarifies the execution order of tasks based on their priority.Subsequently,we apply a Dueling-Double Deep Q-Network(DDQN)algorithm enhanced with prioritized experience replay to derive a computation offloading strategy,improving the experience replay mechanism within the Dueling-DDQN framework.Next,we utilize the Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient(DDPG)algorithm to determine the optimal resource allocation strategy to reduce the processing latency of sub-tasks.Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed d3-DDPG algorithm outperforms other approaches,effectively reducing task processing latency and thus improving user experience and system efficiency.展开更多
BACKGROUND Internal hernia(IH)is a rare culprit of small bowel obstruction(SBO)with an incidence of<1%.It poses a considerable diagnostic challenge requiring a high index of suspicion to prevent misdiagnosis,improp...BACKGROUND Internal hernia(IH)is a rare culprit of small bowel obstruction(SBO)with an incidence of<1%.It poses a considerable diagnostic challenge requiring a high index of suspicion to prevent misdiagnosis,improper treatment,and subsequent morbidity and mortality.AIM To determine the clinico-demographic profile,radiological and operative findings,and postoperative course of patients with IH and its association with SBO.METHODS Medical records of 586 patients with features of SBO presenting at a tertiary care centre at Lucknow,India between September 2010 and August 2023 were reviewed.RESULTS Out of 586 patients,7(1.2%)were diagnosed with IH.Among these,4 had congenital IH and 3 had acquired IH.The male-to-female ratio was 4:3.The median age at presentation was 32 years.Contrast-enhanced computed tomography(CECT)was the most reliable investigation for preoperative identification,demonstrating mesenteric whirling and clumped-up bowel loops.Left paraduodenal hernia and transmesenteric hernia occurred with an equal frequency(approximately 43%each).Intraoperatively,one patient was found to have bowel ischemia and one had associated malrotation of gut.During follow-up,no recurrences were reported.CONCLUSION IH,being a rare cause,must be considered as a differential diagnosis for SBO,especially in young patients in their 30s or with unexplained abdominal pain or discomfort post-surgery.A rapid imaging evaluation,preferably with CECT,is necessary to aid in an early diagnosis and prompt intervention,thereby reducing financial burden related to unnecessary investigations and preventing the morbidity and mortality associated with closed-loop obstruction and strangulation of the bowel.展开更多
Photon-counting computed tomography(PCCT)represents a significant advancement in pediatric cardiovascular imaging.Traditional CT systems employ energy-integrating detectors that convert X-ray photons into visible ligh...Photon-counting computed tomography(PCCT)represents a significant advancement in pediatric cardiovascular imaging.Traditional CT systems employ energy-integrating detectors that convert X-ray photons into visible light,whereas PCCT utilizes photon-counting detectors that directly transform X-ray photons into electric signals.This direct conversion allows photon-counting detectors to sort photons into discrete energy levels,thereby enhancing image quality through superior noise reduction,improved spatial and contrast resolution,and reduced artifacts.In pediatric applications,PCCT offers substantial benefits,including lower radiation doses,which may help reduce the risk of malignancy in pediatric patients,with perhaps greater potential to benefit those with repeated exposure from a young age.Enhanced spatial resolution facilitates better visualization of small structures,vital for diagnosing congenital heart defects.Additionally,PCCT’s spectral capabilities improve tissue characterization and enable the creation of virtual monoenergetic images,which enhance soft-tissue contrast and potentially reduce contrast media doses.Initial clinical results indicate that PCCT provides superior image quality and diagnostic accuracy compared to conven-tional CT,particularly in challenging pediatric cardiovascular cases.As PCCT technology matures,further research and standardized protocols will be essential to fully integrate it into pediatric imaging practices,ensuring optimized diagnostic outcomes and patient safety.展开更多
With growing regional economic integration,transportation systems have become critical to regional development and economic vitality but vulnerable to disasters.However,the regional economic ripple effect of a disaste...With growing regional economic integration,transportation systems have become critical to regional development and economic vitality but vulnerable to disasters.However,the regional economic ripple effect of a disaster is difficult to quantify accurately,especially considering the cumulated influence of traffic disruptions.This study explored integrating transportation system analysis with economic modeling to capture the regional economic ripple effect.A state-of-the-art spatial computable general equilibrium model is leveraged to simulate the operation of the economic system,and the marginal rate of transport cost is introduced to reflect traffic network damage post-disaster.The model is applied to the 50-year return period flood in2020 in Hubei Province,China.The results show the following.First,when traffic disruption costs are considered,the total output loss of non-affected areas is 1.81 times than before,and non-negligible losses reach relatively remote zones of the country,such as the Northwest Comprehensive Economic Zone(36%of total ripple effects).Second,traffic disruptions have a significant hindering effect on regional trade activities,especially in the regional intermediate input—about three times more than before.The industries most sensitive to traffic disruptions were transportation,storage,and postal service(5 times),and processing and assembly manufacturing(4.4 times).Third,the longer the distance,the stronger traffic disruptions'impact on interregional intermediate inputs.Thus,increasing investment in transportation infrastructure significantly contributes to mitigating disaster ripple effects and accelerating the process of industrial recovery in affected areas.展开更多
Photonic platforms are gradually emerging as a promising option to encounter the ever-growing demand for artificial intelligence,among which photonic time-delay reservoir computing(TDRC)is widely anticipated.While suc...Photonic platforms are gradually emerging as a promising option to encounter the ever-growing demand for artificial intelligence,among which photonic time-delay reservoir computing(TDRC)is widely anticipated.While such a computing paradigm can only employ a single photonic device as the nonlinear node for data processing,the performance highly relies on the fading memory provided by the delay feedback loop(FL),which sets a restriction on the extensibility of physical implementation,especially for highly integrated chips.Here,we present a simplified photonic scheme for more flexible parameter configurations leveraging the designed quasi-convolution coding(QC),which completely gets rid of the dependence on FL.Unlike delay-based TDRC,encoded data in QC-based RC(QRC)enables temporal feature extraction,facilitating augmented memory capabilities.Thus,our proposed QRC is enabled to deal with time-related tasks or sequential data without the implementation of FL.Furthermore,we can implement this hardware with a low-power,easily integrable vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser for high-performance parallel processing.We illustrate the concept validation through simulation and experimental comparison of QRC and TDRC,wherein the simpler-structured QRC outperforms across various benchmark tasks.Our results may underscore an auspicious solution for the hardware implementation of deep neural networks.展开更多
AIM To analyze the diagnostic performance of surveillance colonoscopy,computed tomography(CT),and tumor markers(TMs)in detecting CRC recurrence or metastasis during follow-up after CRC resection.Secondary objectives i...AIM To analyze the diagnostic performance of surveillance colonoscopy,computed tomography(CT),and tumor markers(TMs)in detecting CRC recurrence or metastasis during follow-up after CRC resection.Secondary objectives included degree of adherence to clinical practice guidelines surveillance recommendations and factors associated with adherence and all-cause and CRC mortality.METHODS The single-center retrospective cohort study including patients undergoing curative resection of stage I-III CRC during 2010-2015.Follow-up was performed using TMs every 6 months,yearly CT for 5 years,and colonoscopy at years 1 and 4.Demographic,primary tumor data,and results at follow-up were collected.RESULTS Of 574 included patients included,153 had recurrences or metastases.Of this group,136(88.9%)were diagnosed by CT,10(6.5%)by CT and colonoscopy,and 7(4.6%)by colonoscopy;only 67.8%showed TMs elevation.Adherence to follow-up recommendations was 68.8%for the first colonoscopy,74%for the first CT scan,and 96.6%for the first blood test;these values declined over time.Younger age at diagnosis[odds ratio(OR)0.93;95%CI:0.91-0.95],CRC stages I-II(OR 0.38;95%CI:0.24-0.61),and adherence to follow-up recommendations(OR 0.30;95%CI:0.20-0.46)were independently associated with lower risk for all-cause death at 5 years.CONCLUSION CT scan had the highest diagnostic yield.Adherence to follow-up recommendations was low and decreased during follow-up.Younger age at diagnosis,stage,and follow-up adherence were associated with lower 5-year mortality.展开更多
Optoelectronic memristor is generating growing research interest for high efficient computing and sensing-memory applications.In this work,an optoelectronic memristor with Au/a-C:Te/Pt structure is developed.Synaptic ...Optoelectronic memristor is generating growing research interest for high efficient computing and sensing-memory applications.In this work,an optoelectronic memristor with Au/a-C:Te/Pt structure is developed.Synaptic functions,i.e.,excita-tory post-synaptic current and pair-pulse facilitation are successfully mimicked with the memristor under electrical and optical stimulations.More importantly,the device exhibited distinguishable response currents by adjusting 4-bit input electrical/opti-cal signals.A multi-mode reservoir computing(RC)system is constructed with the optoelectronic memristors to emulate human tactile-visual fusion recognition and an accuracy of 98.7%is achieved.The optoelectronic memristor provides potential for developing multi-mode RC system.展开更多
文摘The role of the construction industry in economic growth has been widely discussed in the extant literature,but existing studies have not investigated the disaggregated impact of construction investments on the production and social sectors.This study examines the disaggregated effect of construction investments on the Saudi economy.The study uses a social accounting matrix of Saudi Arabia and constructs a dynamic computable general equilibrium model.The findings reveal that construction investments significantly boosted GDP and aggregate investments in the first two periods;however,the growth declined in the following three periods.This finding underlines the importance of long-term investments in the construction sector and calls for continuous monitoring and updating of the investment policy for sustainable development.This study also presents the disaggregated impact of investments on the value-added by each sector of the economy.The ranking of sectors exhibits that mining and quarry activities underwent a high increase in value-added,second to construction activities.Other economic activities also experienced growth in value-added and some of them changed their ranks within the five years.
基金supported by National Natural Sci- ence Foundation of China(No.71173212,41101556 and 71203215)the President Fund of GUCAS(No Y1510RY00)
文摘The intensity allocation criteria of carbon emissions permits and its influence on China's regional development are analyzed through the 30-province/autonomous region computable general equilibrium(CGE)model.Simulation results show that:industrial intensity criteria without taking regional economic development into account deepen the unbalance of regional economic development;regional intensity criteria without taking industrial properties into account exert little negative impact on regional harmonious development,but relatively high negative influence on high-carbon emission industries.The two-step allocation scheme that the central government allocates emissions permits to provincial governments based on regional economic development and then provincial governments allocate emissions permits to emission resources or entities based on industrial properties is a feasible and operable choice.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program(973 Program)of China:[Grant Number2012CB955800]the National Natural Science Foundation(863 Program)of China:[Grant Number 2012 AA063101]the "Strategic Priority Research Program" of the Chinese Academy of Sciences[Grant Number XDB05050200]
文摘The public health and ecological impacts of volatile organic compound(VOCs) pollution have become a serious problem in China,arousing increasing attention to emissions control.In this context,this paper analyses the effectiveness of VOC reduction policies,namely pollution charges and environmental taxes at the national and industrial sector levels.It uses a computable general equilibrium model,which connects macroeconomic variables with VOC emissions inventory,to simulate the effects of policy scenarios(with 2007 as the reference year).This paper shows that VOC emissions are reduced by 2.2% when a pollution charge equal to the average cost of engineering reduction methods-the traditional approach to regulation in China-is applied.In order to achieve a similar reduction,an 8.9% indirect tax would have to be imposed.It concludes that an environmental tax should be the preferred method of VOC regulation due to its smaller footprint on the macroeconomy.Other policies,such as subsidies,should be used as supplements.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.71373153,71262022 and 71003068)the Shanghai Philosophy and Social Science Fund Project(No.2014BJB001)the“Shuguang Program”Supported by Shanghai Education Development Foundation and Shanghai Municipal Education Commission(No.14SG32)
文摘Researching China's innovative economic and financial innovation issues under the background of the New Normal, we need to carefully analyze the internal structure and interaction of China's macroeconomics.The computable general equilibrium(CGE) model has outstanding advantages on predicting the external shock influences on economic system, but previous studies on forecast for China's future economy mostly considered a high growth rate which is hard to comply with the New Normal scene. By constructing China's macroeconomic dynamic CGE(DCGE) model and anticipating the economic impact of the New Normal, this paper finds that the New Normal has a certain extent inhibition on China's macro-economy and innovation. However, after adding the research and development(R&D) subsidy policy, the negative impacts of the New Normal on macro-economy can be eliminated to realize the optimization of economic structure. In addition, after combining the financial innovation promoting policy and the Ke Qiang index through the simulation of macro-economy, we find that the quality of economic growth is improved. Finally, we provide the policy recommendations for the realization of an innovative economy under China's New Normal.
文摘BACKGROUND With the recent change in the definition(Sepsis-3 Definition)of sepsis and septic shock,an electronic search algorithm was required to identify the cases for data automation.This supervised machine learning method would help screen a large amount of electronic medical records(EMR)for efficient research purposes.AIM To develop and validate a computable phenotype via supervised machine learning method for retrospectively identifying sepsis and septic shock in critical care patients.METHODS A supervised machine learning method was developed based on culture orders,Sequential Organ Failure Assessment(SOFA)scores,serum lactate levels and vasopressor use in the intensive care units(ICUs).The computable phenotype was derived from a retrospective analysis of a random cohort of 100 patients admitted to the medical ICU.This was then validated in an independent cohort of 100 patients.We compared the results from computable phenotype to a gold standard by manual review of EMR by 2 blinded reviewers.Disagreement was resolved by a critical care clinician.A SOFA score≥2 during the ICU stay with a culture 72 h before or after the time of admission was identified.Sepsis versions as V1 was defined as blood cultures with SOFA≥2 and Sepsis V2 was defined as any culture with SOFA score≥2.A serum lactate level≥2 mmol/L from 24 h before admission till their stay in the ICU and vasopressor use with Sepsis-1 and-2 were identified as Septic Shock-V1 and-V2 respectively.RESULTS In the derivation subset of 100 random patients,the final machine learning strategy achieved a sensitivity-specificity of 100%and 84%for Sepsis-1,100%and 95%for Sepsis-2,78%and 80%for Septic Shock-1,and 80%and 90%for Septic Shock-2.An overall percent of agreement between two blinded reviewers had a k=0.86 and 0.90 for Sepsis 2 and Septic shock 2 respectively.In validation of the algorithm through a separate 100 random patient subset,the reported sensitivity and specificity for all 4 diagnoses were 100%-100%each.CONCLUSION Supervised machine learning for identification of sepsis and septic shock is reliable and an efficient alternative to manual chart review.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China.
文摘In this paper,we study the computative structure of computable function-a structure of computative tree,and,by analysis on it,got the most general algorithm and model for computation on computable functions.
文摘This paper proposes and illustrates an AI embedded object-oriented methodology to formulate the computable general equilibrium (CGE) models. In this framework, a CGE model is viewed as a collection of objects embedded AI or namely agents in computer world, corresponding to economic agents and entities in real world, such as government, households, markets and so on. A frame representation of major objects in CGE model is used for trade and environment. Embedded Al object-oriented approach (or software agent) is used in the CGE model representation can able to narrow the gap among the semantic representation, formal CGE (mathematical) representation and computer and algorithm representation, and to improve CGE in understanding and maintenance etc. In such a system, constructing a CGE model to appear an intuitive process rather than an abstract process. This intuitive process needs more understanding of the substance of economics and the logic underlying the problem rather than mathematical notation.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41101556,71173212,71203215)
文摘This paper examined the impacts of the total energy consumption control policy and energy quota allocation plans on China′s regional economy. This research analyzed the influences of different energy quota allocation plans with various weights of equity and efficiency, using a dynamic computable general equilibrium(CGE) model for 30 province-level administrative regions. The results show that the efficiency-first allocation plan costs the least but widens regional income gap, whereas the outcomes of equity-first allocation plan and intensity target-based allocation plan are similar and are both opposite to the efficiency-first allocation plan′ outcome. The plan featuring a balance between efficiency and equity is more feasible, which can bring regional economic losses evenly and prevent massive interregional migration of energy-related industries. Furthermore, the effects of possible induced energy technology improvements in different energy quota allocation plans were studied. Induced energy technology improvements can add more feasibility to all allocation plans under the total energy consumption control policy. In the long term, if the policy of the total energy consumption control continues and more market-based tools are implemented to allocate energy quotas, the positive consequences of induced energy technology improvements will become much more obvious.
基金financial support from the Humanities and Social Science Fund of Ministry of Education of China(Project No.18YJAZH138)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.71403163)National Social Science Foundation of China(No.20BJL036).
文摘Changes in the energy price system will determine the direction of evolution of the energy industry structure.As a country where coal is the dominant energy source,what is the effect of coal price fluctuations on China’s industry development costs and energy consumption structure?To investigate this problem,this paper utilized an economy–energy–environment computable general equilibrium model.In this study,four aspects were analyzed:Energy supply side,proportion of renewable energy consumption,macroeconomy,and changes in CO_(2) emissions.The results of this study show that an increase of 10%–20%in coal prices contributes to a shift into using renewable energy,which leads to energy saving and emission reduction.Renewable energy and clean energy rose by 0.57%–4.47%in the energy structure,but this has a certain negative impact on the macroeconomy.The gross domestic product(GDP)fell by 0.07%–0.18%.As a result,the decline in coal prices became an obstacle to renewable energy substitution and energy conservation.In addition,we put forward policy suggestions according to the results in energy,economic,and environmental effects.
文摘The challenge of meeting the ever-increasing food demand for the growing population will be further exacerbated by climate change in Ethiopia. This paper presents the simulated economy-wide impacts of climate change on the agriculture sector of Ethiopia using a dynamic computable general equilibrium (CGE) model. The study simulated the scenarios of agricultural productivity change induced by climate change up to the year 2050. At national level, the simulation results suggest that crop production will be adversely affected during the coming four decades and the severity will increase over the time period. Production of teff, maize and sorghum will decline by 25.4, 21.8 and 25.2 percent, respectively by 2050 compared to the base period. Climate change will also cause losses of 31.1 percent agricultural GDP at factor cost by 2050. Climate change affects more the income and consumption of poor rural households than urban rural non-farming households. The reduction in agricultural production will not be evenly distributed across agro ecological zones, and will not all be negative. Among rural residents, climate change impacts tend to hurt the income of the poor more in drought prone regions. Income from labor, land and livestock in moisture sufficient highland cereal-based will decline by 5.1, 8.8 and 15.2 percent in 2050. This study indicated that since climate change is an inevitable phenomenon, the country should start mainstreaming adaptation measures to sustain the overall performance of the economy.
文摘Papyrus is increasingly suggested as an alternative bioenergy source to reduce the pressure on forest ecosystems. However, there are few studies on the economic viability of papyrus wetlands and the benefits for local communities. We construct a village Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model to examine whether papyrus harvesting and processing has the potential to improve local livelihoods and simultaneously counteract pressure on local forest resources. We apply the CGE model to a village in northern Zambia where overexploitation of forest resources to produce energy from firewood and charcoal poses a serious problem. The analysis is based on survey data?from 105 households collected in 2015. The model results show that papyrus briquetting would be a possible?alternative biofuel and that this technology improves household income and utility through?labor?reallocations. Higher opportunity costs lead to households switching from firewood extraction and charcoal production activities to papyrus harvesting and processing to produce bioenergy. Replacing energy supplies from firewood and charcoal with papyrus briquettes results in substitution effects between forest land and wetland and thereby reduces the pressure on local forest resources. The CGE approach allows for an economy-wide ex-ante analysis at village level and can support management decisions to ensure the success of papyrus bioenergy interventions.
文摘Quantum computing offers unprecedented computational power, enabling simultaneous computations beyond traditional computers. Quantum computers differ significantly from classical computers, necessitating a distinct approach to algorithm design, which involves taming quantum mechanical phenomena. This paper extends the numbering of computable programs to be applied in the quantum computing context. Numbering computable programs is a theoretical computer science concept that assigns unique numbers to individual programs or algorithms. Common methods include Gödel numbering which encodes programs as strings of symbols or characters, often used in formal systems and mathematical logic. Based on the proposed numbering approach, this paper presents a mechanism to explore the set of possible quantum algorithms. The proposed approach is able to construct useful circuits such as Quantum Key Distribution BB84 protocol, which enables sender and receiver to establish a secure cryptographic key via a quantum channel. The proposed approach facilitates the process of exploring and constructing quantum algorithms.
文摘Satellite edge computing has garnered significant attention from researchers;however,processing a large volume of tasks within multi-node satellite networks still poses considerable challenges.The sharp increase in user demand for latency-sensitive tasks has inevitably led to offloading bottlenecks and insufficient computational capacity on individual satellite edge servers,making it necessary to implement effective task offloading scheduling to enhance user experience.In this paper,we propose a priority-based task scheduling strategy based on a Software-Defined Network(SDN)framework for satellite-terrestrial integrated networks,which clarifies the execution order of tasks based on their priority.Subsequently,we apply a Dueling-Double Deep Q-Network(DDQN)algorithm enhanced with prioritized experience replay to derive a computation offloading strategy,improving the experience replay mechanism within the Dueling-DDQN framework.Next,we utilize the Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient(DDPG)algorithm to determine the optimal resource allocation strategy to reduce the processing latency of sub-tasks.Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed d3-DDPG algorithm outperforms other approaches,effectively reducing task processing latency and thus improving user experience and system efficiency.
文摘BACKGROUND Internal hernia(IH)is a rare culprit of small bowel obstruction(SBO)with an incidence of<1%.It poses a considerable diagnostic challenge requiring a high index of suspicion to prevent misdiagnosis,improper treatment,and subsequent morbidity and mortality.AIM To determine the clinico-demographic profile,radiological and operative findings,and postoperative course of patients with IH and its association with SBO.METHODS Medical records of 586 patients with features of SBO presenting at a tertiary care centre at Lucknow,India between September 2010 and August 2023 were reviewed.RESULTS Out of 586 patients,7(1.2%)were diagnosed with IH.Among these,4 had congenital IH and 3 had acquired IH.The male-to-female ratio was 4:3.The median age at presentation was 32 years.Contrast-enhanced computed tomography(CECT)was the most reliable investigation for preoperative identification,demonstrating mesenteric whirling and clumped-up bowel loops.Left paraduodenal hernia and transmesenteric hernia occurred with an equal frequency(approximately 43%each).Intraoperatively,one patient was found to have bowel ischemia and one had associated malrotation of gut.During follow-up,no recurrences were reported.CONCLUSION IH,being a rare cause,must be considered as a differential diagnosis for SBO,especially in young patients in their 30s or with unexplained abdominal pain or discomfort post-surgery.A rapid imaging evaluation,preferably with CECT,is necessary to aid in an early diagnosis and prompt intervention,thereby reducing financial burden related to unnecessary investigations and preventing the morbidity and mortality associated with closed-loop obstruction and strangulation of the bowel.
文摘Photon-counting computed tomography(PCCT)represents a significant advancement in pediatric cardiovascular imaging.Traditional CT systems employ energy-integrating detectors that convert X-ray photons into visible light,whereas PCCT utilizes photon-counting detectors that directly transform X-ray photons into electric signals.This direct conversion allows photon-counting detectors to sort photons into discrete energy levels,thereby enhancing image quality through superior noise reduction,improved spatial and contrast resolution,and reduced artifacts.In pediatric applications,PCCT offers substantial benefits,including lower radiation doses,which may help reduce the risk of malignancy in pediatric patients,with perhaps greater potential to benefit those with repeated exposure from a young age.Enhanced spatial resolution facilitates better visualization of small structures,vital for diagnosing congenital heart defects.Additionally,PCCT’s spectral capabilities improve tissue characterization and enable the creation of virtual monoenergetic images,which enhance soft-tissue contrast and potentially reduce contrast media doses.Initial clinical results indicate that PCCT provides superior image quality and diagnostic accuracy compared to conven-tional CT,particularly in challenging pediatric cardiovascular cases.As PCCT technology matures,further research and standardized protocols will be essential to fully integrate it into pediatric imaging practices,ensuring optimized diagnostic outcomes and patient safety.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42177448 and 41907393)。
文摘With growing regional economic integration,transportation systems have become critical to regional development and economic vitality but vulnerable to disasters.However,the regional economic ripple effect of a disaster is difficult to quantify accurately,especially considering the cumulated influence of traffic disruptions.This study explored integrating transportation system analysis with economic modeling to capture the regional economic ripple effect.A state-of-the-art spatial computable general equilibrium model is leveraged to simulate the operation of the economic system,and the marginal rate of transport cost is introduced to reflect traffic network damage post-disaster.The model is applied to the 50-year return period flood in2020 in Hubei Province,China.The results show the following.First,when traffic disruption costs are considered,the total output loss of non-affected areas is 1.81 times than before,and non-negligible losses reach relatively remote zones of the country,such as the Northwest Comprehensive Economic Zone(36%of total ripple effects).Second,traffic disruptions have a significant hindering effect on regional trade activities,especially in the regional intermediate input—about three times more than before.The industries most sensitive to traffic disruptions were transportation,storage,and postal service(5 times),and processing and assembly manufacturing(4.4 times).Third,the longer the distance,the stronger traffic disruptions'impact on interregional intermediate inputs.Thus,increasing investment in transportation infrastructure significantly contributes to mitigating disaster ripple effects and accelerating the process of industrial recovery in affected areas.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(62171305,62405206,62004135,62001317,62111530301)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20240778,BK20241917)+3 种基金State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks,China(2023GZKF08)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2024M752314)Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(GZC20231883)Innovative and Entrepreneurial Talent Program of Jiangsu Province(JSSCRC2021527).
文摘Photonic platforms are gradually emerging as a promising option to encounter the ever-growing demand for artificial intelligence,among which photonic time-delay reservoir computing(TDRC)is widely anticipated.While such a computing paradigm can only employ a single photonic device as the nonlinear node for data processing,the performance highly relies on the fading memory provided by the delay feedback loop(FL),which sets a restriction on the extensibility of physical implementation,especially for highly integrated chips.Here,we present a simplified photonic scheme for more flexible parameter configurations leveraging the designed quasi-convolution coding(QC),which completely gets rid of the dependence on FL.Unlike delay-based TDRC,encoded data in QC-based RC(QRC)enables temporal feature extraction,facilitating augmented memory capabilities.Thus,our proposed QRC is enabled to deal with time-related tasks or sequential data without the implementation of FL.Furthermore,we can implement this hardware with a low-power,easily integrable vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser for high-performance parallel processing.We illustrate the concept validation through simulation and experimental comparison of QRC and TDRC,wherein the simpler-structured QRC outperforms across various benchmark tasks.Our results may underscore an auspicious solution for the hardware implementation of deep neural networks.
基金Supported by Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria ISABIAL,No.P42022-0275.
文摘AIM To analyze the diagnostic performance of surveillance colonoscopy,computed tomography(CT),and tumor markers(TMs)in detecting CRC recurrence or metastasis during follow-up after CRC resection.Secondary objectives included degree of adherence to clinical practice guidelines surveillance recommendations and factors associated with adherence and all-cause and CRC mortality.METHODS The single-center retrospective cohort study including patients undergoing curative resection of stage I-III CRC during 2010-2015.Follow-up was performed using TMs every 6 months,yearly CT for 5 years,and colonoscopy at years 1 and 4.Demographic,primary tumor data,and results at follow-up were collected.RESULTS Of 574 included patients included,153 had recurrences or metastases.Of this group,136(88.9%)were diagnosed by CT,10(6.5%)by CT and colonoscopy,and 7(4.6%)by colonoscopy;only 67.8%showed TMs elevation.Adherence to follow-up recommendations was 68.8%for the first colonoscopy,74%for the first CT scan,and 96.6%for the first blood test;these values declined over time.Younger age at diagnosis[odds ratio(OR)0.93;95%CI:0.91-0.95],CRC stages I-II(OR 0.38;95%CI:0.24-0.61),and adherence to follow-up recommendations(OR 0.30;95%CI:0.20-0.46)were independently associated with lower risk for all-cause death at 5 years.CONCLUSION CT scan had the highest diagnostic yield.Adherence to follow-up recommendations was low and decreased during follow-up.Younger age at diagnosis,stage,and follow-up adherence were associated with lower 5-year mortality.
基金supported by the"Science and Technology Development Plan Project of Jilin Province,China"(Grant No.20240101018JJ)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.2412023YQ004)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52072065,52272140,52372137,and U23A20568).
文摘Optoelectronic memristor is generating growing research interest for high efficient computing and sensing-memory applications.In this work,an optoelectronic memristor with Au/a-C:Te/Pt structure is developed.Synaptic functions,i.e.,excita-tory post-synaptic current and pair-pulse facilitation are successfully mimicked with the memristor under electrical and optical stimulations.More importantly,the device exhibited distinguishable response currents by adjusting 4-bit input electrical/opti-cal signals.A multi-mode reservoir computing(RC)system is constructed with the optoelectronic memristors to emulate human tactile-visual fusion recognition and an accuracy of 98.7%is achieved.The optoelectronic memristor provides potential for developing multi-mode RC system.
