BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)surveillance is crucial for patients with compensated cirrhosis(CC)and decompensated cirrhosis(DC).Increasing evidence has revealed a connection between thyroid hormone(TH)and H...BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)surveillance is crucial for patients with compensated cirrhosis(CC)and decompensated cirrhosis(DC).Increasing evidence has revealed a connection between thyroid hormone(TH)and HCC,although this relationship remains contentious.Complements and immunoglobulin(Ig),which serve as surrogates of cirrhosis-associated immune dysfunc-tion,are associated with the severity and outcomes of liver cirrhosis(LC).To date,there is a lack of evidence supporting the recommendation of TH,Ig,and com-plement tests in patients at high risk of HCC.AIM To assess the predictive value of TH,Ig,and complements for HCC development.METHODS Data from 142 patients,comprising 72 patients with CC and 70 patients with DC,were analysed as a training set.Among them,100 patients who underwent complement and Ig tests were considered for internal validation.Logistic regression was employed to identify independent risk factors for HCC development.RESULTS The median follow-up duration was 32(24-37 months)months.The incidence of HCC was significantly higher in the DC group(16/70,22.9%)compared to the CC group(3/72,4.2%)(χ^(2)=10.698,P<0.01).Patients with DC exhibited lower total tetraiodothyronine(TT4),total triiodothyronine(TT3),free triiodothyronine,complement C3,and C4(all P<0.01),and higher IgA and IgG(both P<0.01).In both CC and DC patients,TT3 and TT4 positively correlated with alanine transaminase(ALT),aspartate transaminase(AST),and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase(GGT).IgG positively correlated with IgM,IgA,ALT,and AST,while it negatively correlated with C3 and C4.Multivariable analysis indicated that age,DC status,and GGT were independent risk factors for HCC development.CONCLUSION The predictive value of TH,Ig,and complements for HCC development is suboptimal.Age,DC,and GGT emerge as more significant factors during HCC surveillance in hepatitis B virus-related LC.展开更多
Muscular dystrophies are myopathies and tend to progressive, with ongoing degeneration and regeneration of muscle fibers. Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and polio myelitis are essen...Muscular dystrophies are myopathies and tend to progressive, with ongoing degeneration and regeneration of muscle fibers. Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and polio myelitis are essentially diseases of the anterior horn cells of the spine. It has been reported in literature that humoral immunity is manifested by the antibodies production. These are special chemical substances that react against foreign body. Antibodies are serum proteins, which are immunoglobulins and possess antibody activity and are classified according to antigens and stimulate their production such as IgA, JgG, IgM, IgD and IgE. All the immunological parameters such as of C3, C4, IgG, IgM and IgA, which are measured in Duchenne muscular dystrophy go down in comparison to healthy subjects. Complement C3 and Complement C4 go down about 44.3% and 78.57% respectively from the normal values. The serum IgG, IgM and IgA levels were also go down about 65%, 84% and 99.56% respectively in comparison to healthy subjects. A trend between all the immunoglobulins has been set up and it is rAG.M > rMA.G. > rGM.A, while we have a trend in DMD cases is rMA.G. > rAG.M > rGM.A We are in a position to say that our data have a relevance of high authenticity and reliability to accept that there is a deficit in immunity in DMD cases. The deficit in immunity may be a cause to damage muscle for abnormal functioning.展开更多
Nativized varieties of English must reflect native pragmatic norms and cultural conventions.Complements,as a polite social behavior,is analyzed from the perspective of Chinese English speaker and American English spea...Nativized varieties of English must reflect native pragmatic norms and cultural conventions.Complements,as a polite social behavior,is analyzed from the perspective of Chinese English speaker and American English speaker to emphasize the importance of the cross-cultural differences in pragmatic uses.展开更多
Unlike matrix verbs, the verb in subjunctive complements in Standard Arabic lacks tense; nonetheless, it inflects for agreement and mood. The subject of subjunctive verbs is Case-marked accusative if it surfaces in a ...Unlike matrix verbs, the verb in subjunctive complements in Standard Arabic lacks tense; nonetheless, it inflects for agreement and mood. The subject of subjunctive verbs is Case-marked accusative if it surfaces in a preverbal position; and nominative if it appears in a postverbal position. In addition, the subjunctive verb shows agreement asymmetry with its subject, depending on the position of the subject. Subjunctive complements appear in tenseless contexts in this language, i.e. control structures, ECM-like structures, and obviative structures. In this paper, I provide a new analysis for subject-verb agreement asymmetry in these complements and account for the different Case markers that appear on their subject. In particular, I argue that feature-specification on the inflectional head T triggers the verbal agreement asymmetry in subjunctive complements. I also argue that formal features and nominative Case in these complements can be valued by a defective probe. Crucially, I argue that the defective probe can establish agreement and assign nominative Case in-situ, without resorting to A-movement, and the subsequent movement of the embedded subject to a preverbal position is triggered by the EPP feature on the O-complete T. The corollary of this investigation lends support to the assumption that the Case-agreement system in this language is not contingent on tense.展开更多
Our findings show that the value of IgG in serum of Alzheimer’s Disease patients is (17.2059 ± 2.6317) g/l and in controls i.e. (17.6720 ± 3.1457) g/l. Values of IgM in AD patients go down up to 62.5% in co...Our findings show that the value of IgG in serum of Alzheimer’s Disease patients is (17.2059 ± 2.6317) g/l and in controls i.e. (17.6720 ± 3.1457) g/l. Values of IgM in AD patients go down up to 62.5% in comparison to healthy subjects. A sudden change was observed in the levels of IgA of AD patients. It has been put on the value 137.9% high in comparison to healthy subjects. The levels of complement C3 have also value of lower side and go down up to 52.66% in AD patients. The value of levels of complement C4 shows no deflection from the control values. On the basis of regression and multiple correlation analysis, we found that the partial correlation coefficients rGA.M, which has value 0.44815 in AD patients and 0.45555 in controls, do not show any resemblance. The multiple partial correlation rAM.G has value 0.3082 in AD patients and 0.3912 in controls slightly better correlated in comparison to healthy controls. Multiple RA.MG has strongly correlation in comparison to controls. RM.AG is also strongly correlated. Regression coefficients and regression equations are basic foundations of correlation measurements and show a specific character of variation. A relation between all the three multiple correlations has been established in the present work and it is given by the following relation RA.MG > RM.AG > RG.AM.展开更多
The northem pig-tailed macaque （NPM, Macaca leonina） has become a widely used animal model in biomedical research. In this study, we measured serum immunoglobulin IgG, IgM, IgA, complement C3, C4 and CRP levels in 3...The northem pig-tailed macaque （NPM, Macaca leonina） has become a widely used animal model in biomedical research. In this study, we measured serum immunoglobulin IgG, IgM, IgA, complement C3, C4 and CRP levels in 3-11 year old captive northem pig-tailed macaques using HITACHI 7600-20 automated chemistry analyzer in order to determine the influences of age and gender on these items. The results showed that serum IgA, IgM, C3 and C4 levels were not correlated with age （P〉0.05）, while serum IgG levels increased progressively with age （r=0.202; P=0.045）. Serum IgG, IgA, IgM and C3 levels were higher in females than in males （P〈0.05）. Moreover, serum C3 concentration was both positively and strongly correlated with that of C4 （r=0.700; P〈0.0001）. This study provides basic serum immunoglobulin and complement data of captive northem pig-tailed macaques, which may prove useful for future breeding efforts and biomedical research.展开更多
The complement system is a key component of the body's immune system. When abnormally activated, this system can induce inflammation and damage to normal tissues and participate in the development and progression ...The complement system is a key component of the body's immune system. When abnormally activated, this system can induce inflammation and damage to normal tissues and participate in the development and progression of a variety of diseases. In the past, many scholars believed that alcoholic liver disease(ALD) is induced by the stress of ethanol on liver cells, including oxidative stress and dysfunction of mitochondria and protease bodies, causing hepatocyte injury and apoptosis. Recent studies have shown that complement activation is also involved in the genesis and development of ALD. This review focuses on the roles of complement activation in ALD and of therapeutic intervention in complement-activation pathways. We intend to provide new ideas on the diagnosis and treatment of ALD.展开更多
The Kirchhoff index Kf(G) of a graph G is defined to be the sum of the resistance distances between all pairs of vertices of G. In this paper, we develop a novel method for ordering the Kirchhoff indices of the comple...The Kirchhoff index Kf(G) of a graph G is defined to be the sum of the resistance distances between all pairs of vertices of G. In this paper, we develop a novel method for ordering the Kirchhoff indices of the complements of trees and unicyclic graphs. With this method, we determine the first five maximum values of Kf■ and the first four maximum values of Kf(ū),where ■ and ū are the complements of a tree T and unicyclic graph U, respectively.展开更多
Let n be any positive integer, and S（n） be the cubic complements of n. The main purpose of this paper is to study the asymptotic of ∑n≤x（n/S（n））^k （k ≥ 1）. And by using the elementary methods, it intends to...Let n be any positive integer, and S（n） be the cubic complements of n. The main purpose of this paper is to study the asymptotic of ∑n≤x（n/S（n））^k （k ≥ 1）. And by using the elementary methods, it intends to give two sharper asymptotic formulas, and thus extends the related conclusions.展开更多
·AIM:To analyze the differences in immune indicators and prognosis between Ig G4-positive and negative lacrimal gland benign lymphoepithelial lesion(LGBLEL).·METHODS:This was a single-center retrospective cl...·AIM:To analyze the differences in immune indicators and prognosis between Ig G4-positive and negative lacrimal gland benign lymphoepithelial lesion(LGBLEL).·METHODS:This was a single-center retrospective clinical study including 105 cases of Ig G4-positive LGBLEL and 41 cases of Ig G4-negative LGBLEL.Basic information,related indicators of peripheral venous blood samples using immunoscattering turbidimetry,treatment(partial surgical excision and glucocorticoid therapy)and prognosis(recurrence and death)were collected.Survival curves for recurrence were created using the Kaplan-Meier analysis.Univariate analysis and multivariate regression analysis were used to analyze prognostic factors.·RESULTS:The mean age was 50.10±14.23y and 44.76±11.43y(P=0.033)in Ig G4-positive and negative group respectively.The serum C3 and C4 was lower in Ig G4-positive group(P=0.005,P=0.002),while the serum Ig G and Ig G2 was higher in Ig G4-positive group(P=0.000 and P=0.008).Twenty-one cases had recurrence in Ig G4-positive group and 3 cases recurrence in Ig G4-negative group.The 5-year recurrence-free cumulative percentages of Ig G4-positive group was 81.85%,and 83.46%in the Ig G-negative group(P=0.216).The history of preoperative glucocorticoid therapy,serum C4,Ig G1 and Ig G2 were the factors affecting recurrence in Ig G4-positive group,while serum C4,and Ig G1 were the factors affecting recurrence of LGBLEL.·CONCLUSION:Serum C4 and Ig G1 are the factors affecting recurrence of LGBLEL,while the Ig G4 does not affect recurrence of LGBLEL.展开更多
Let G be a non-complete graph such that its complement G is r-partite.In this paper,properties of the graph G are studied,including the Cohen-Macaulay property and the sequential Cohen-Macaulay property.For r=2,3,some...Let G be a non-complete graph such that its complement G is r-partite.In this paper,properties of the graph G are studied,including the Cohen-Macaulay property and the sequential Cohen-Macaulay property.For r=2,3,some constructions are established for G to be vertex decomposable and some sufficient conditions are provided for r≥4.展开更多
In this paper, a new method has been used to calculate the chromatic polynomials of graphs. In particular, the chromatic polynomials of complements of all wheels with any missing consecutive spokes are given.
In this paper, the author classifies the finite inner π′-closed groups, and proves the following results1. If each proper subgroup K of a group G is weak π-homogeneous and weak π′-homogeneous, then G is a Schmidt...In this paper, the author classifies the finite inner π′-closed groups, and proves the following results1. If each proper subgroup K of a group G is weak π-homogeneous and weak π′-homogeneous, then G is a Schmidt group, or a direct product of two Hall subgroups.2. If G is a weak π-homogeneous group, then G is π′-closed if one of the following statements is true: (1)Each π-subgroup of G is 2-closed. (2) Each π-subgroup of G is 2′-closed.3. Let G be a group and π be a set of odd primes. If N_G(Z(J(P))) has a normal π-completement for a Sytow p-subgroup of G with prime ρ in π then so does G.展开更多
Two infinite sequences A and B of non-negative integers are called infinite additive complements if their sum contains all sufficiently large integers. For a sequence T of non-negative integers, let T（x） be the numb...Two infinite sequences A and B of non-negative integers are called infinite additive complements if their sum contains all sufficiently large integers. For a sequence T of non-negative integers, let T（x） be the number of terms of T not exceeding x. In 1994, Sarkozy and Szemer′edi confirmed a conjecture of Danzer by proving that, for infinite additive complements A and B, if lim sup A（x）B（x）/x 1, then A（x）B（x）-x → ＋∞ as x → ＋∞. In this paper, it is proved that, if A and B are infinite additive complements with lim sup A（x）B（x）/x〈（√4 ＋ 2）/7 = 1.093 …, then（A（x）B（x）-x）/min{A（x）, B（x）} → ＋∞ as x → ＋∞.展开更多
In this paper,we study the theory of complements,introduced by Shokurov,for Calabi-Yau type varieties with the coefficient set[0,1].We show that there exists afinite set of positive integers N,such that if a threefold p...In this paper,we study the theory of complements,introduced by Shokurov,for Calabi-Yau type varieties with the coefficient set[0,1].We show that there exists afinite set of positive integers N,such that if a threefold pair(X/Z∋z,B)has an R-complement which is klt over a neighborhood of z,then it has an n-complement for some n∈N.We also show the boundedness of complements for R-complementary surface pairs.展开更多
Synaptic pruning is a crucial process in synaptic refinement,eliminating unstable synaptic connections in neural circuits.This process is triggered and regulated primarily by spontaneous neural activity and experience...Synaptic pruning is a crucial process in synaptic refinement,eliminating unstable synaptic connections in neural circuits.This process is triggered and regulated primarily by spontaneous neural activity and experience-dependent mechanisms.The pruning process involves multiple molecular signals and a series of regulatory activities governing the“eat me”and“don't eat me”states.Under physiological conditions,the interaction between glial cells and neurons results in the clearance of unnecessary synapses,maintaining normal neural circuit functionality via synaptic pruning.Alterations in genetic and environmental factors can lead to imbalanced synaptic pruning,thus promoting the occurrence and development of autism spectrum disorder,schizophrenia,Alzheimer's disease,and other neurological disorders.In this review,we investigated the molecular mechanisms responsible for synaptic pruning during neural development.We focus on how synaptic pruning can regulate neural circuits and its association with neurological disorders.Furthermore,we discuss the application of emerging optical and imaging technologies to observe synaptic structure and function,as well as their potential for clinical translation.Our aim was to enhance our understanding of synaptic pruning during neural development,including the molecular basis underlying the regulation of synaptic function and the dynamic changes in synaptic density,and to investigate the potential role of these mechanisms in the pathophysiology of neurological diseases,thus providing a theoretical foundation for the treatment of neurological disorders.展开更多
Myasthenia gravis is a chronic autoimmune disorder that affects the neuromuscular junction leading to fluctuating skeletal muscle fatigability. The majority of myasthenia gravis patients have detectable antibodies in ...Myasthenia gravis is a chronic autoimmune disorder that affects the neuromuscular junction leading to fluctuating skeletal muscle fatigability. The majority of myasthenia gravis patients have detectable antibodies in their serum, targeting acetylcholine receptor, muscle-specific kinase, or related proteins. Current treatment for myasthenia gravis involves symptomatic therapy, immunosuppressive drugs such as corticosteroids, azathioprine, and mycophenolate mofetil, and thymectomy, which is primarily indicated in patients with thymoma or thymic hyperplasia. However, this condition continues to pose significant challenges including an unpredictable and variable disease progression, differing response to individual therapies, and substantial longterm side effects associated with standard treatments(including an increased risk of infections, osteoporosis, and diabetes), underscoring the necessity for a more personalized approach to treatment. Furthermore, about fifteen percent of patients, called “refractory myasthenia gravis patients”, do not respond adequately to standard therapies. In this context, the introduction of molecular therapies has marked a significant advance in myasthenia gravis management. Advances in understanding myasthenia gravis pathogenesis, especially the role of pathogenic antibodies, have driven the development of these biological drugs, which offer more selective, rapid, and safer alternatives to traditional immunosuppressants. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of emerging therapeutic strategies targeting specific immune pathways in myasthenia gravis, with a particular focus on preclinical evidence, therapeutic rationale, and clinical translation of B-cell depletion therapies, neonatal Fc receptor inhibitors, and complement inhibitors.展开更多
BACKGROUND Complement-mediated thrombotic microangiopathy(TMA)is a rare endothelial injury syndrome caused by dysregulated activation of the alternative complement pathway,often linked to genetic abnormalities in comp...BACKGROUND Complement-mediated thrombotic microangiopathy(TMA)is a rare endothelial injury syndrome caused by dysregulated activation of the alternative complement pathway,often linked to genetic abnormalities in complement factor H(CFH),complement factor I,or complement factor H-related(CFHR)proteins.Both renal transplantation and pregnancy are independent triggers for recurrence.This case highlights a genetically high-risk patient who achieved a successful term pregnancy after renal transplantation without complement inhibition,emphasizing individualized risk stratification,close surveillance,and multidisciplinary management for favourable maternal and graft outcomes.CASE SUMMARY A 32-year-old woman with end-stage renal disease secondary to genetically confirmed complement-mediated TMA—homozygous CFH exon 17 deletion and CFHR3-CFHR1 duplication—was maintained on dialysis for 2.5 years before undergoing a successful live-donor kidney transplant from her mother.Post-transplant immunosuppression included tacrolimus,mycophenolate mofetil,and prednisolone,later modified to azathioprine during pregnancy planning.One-year post-transplant,she conceived spontaneously.Pregnancy was complicated by transient gestational hypertension,controlled with nifedipine,labetalol,and amlodipine.Proteinuria remained<150 mg/day;white blood cell counts 5.8-7.2×109/L without cytopenia.Serum creatinine ranged 0.9-1.1 mg/dL,and tacrolimus trough levels 5-7 ng/mL.At 36 weeks,she delivered a healthy 3 kg infant by elective caesarean section.Postpartum follow-up at three months confirmed stable maternal and graft function.CONCLUSION High-risk complement-mediated TMA patients can achieve successful pregnancy post-transplant through individualized care without mandatory complement blockade.展开更多
Objective：To investigate the action of Shen-Fu Injection（参附注射液,SFI） in regulating the expression of the serum complements and inflammatory cytokines synthesized and released in response to the stress of global...Objective：To investigate the action of Shen-Fu Injection（参附注射液,SFI） in regulating the expression of the serum complements and inflammatory cytokines synthesized and released in response to the stress of global ischemia accompanying cardiac arrest（CA） and resuscitation.Methods：Thirty pigs were randomly divided into the sham（n=6） and 3 returns of spontaneous circulation（ROSC） groups（n=24）.After 8-min untreated ventricular fibrillation and 2-min basic life support,24 pigs of the ROSC groups were randomized into three groups（n=8 per group）,which received central venous injection of SFI（SFI group）,epinephrine（EP group）,or saline（SA group）.Hemodynamic status and blood samples were obtained at 0,0.5,1,2,4,6,12,and 24 h after ROSC.Results：Serum concentrations of specific activation markers of the complement system C3,C4 and C5b-9 were increased during cardiopulmonary resuscitation th rough1 24 h after ROSC.There were intense changes of various pro-inflammatory cytokines and anti-inflammatory cytokines as early as 0.5 h after CA.Compared with the EP and SA groups,SFI treatment reduced the proinflammatory cytokines levels of interleukin（IL）-6,IL-8and tumor necrosis factor α（TNF-α,P〈0.05）,and increased the anti-inflammatory cytokine levels of IL-4 and IL-10（P〈0.05）.Further,SFI treatment decreased the values of C3,C4 and C5b-9 compared with the EP and SA groups.Conclusions：SFI,derived from the ancient Chinese medicine,has significant effects in attenuating post-resuscitation immune dysfunction by modulating the expression of complements and cytokines levels.The current study provided an experimental basis for the clinical application of a potential pharmacologic target for post resuscitation immune dysfunction.展开更多
For any arrangement of hyperplanes in CP^3,we introduce the soul of this arrangement. The soul,which is a pseudo-complex,is determined by the combinatorics of the arrangement of hyper- planes.In this paper,we give a s...For any arrangement of hyperplanes in CP^3,we introduce the soul of this arrangement. The soul,which is a pseudo-complex,is determined by the combinatorics of the arrangement of hyper- planes.In this paper,we give a sufficient combinatoric condition for two arrangements of hyperplanes to be diffeomorphic to each other.In particular we have found sufficient conditions on combinatorics for the arrangement of hyperplanes whose moduli space is connected.This generalizes our previous result on hyperplane point arrangements in CP^3.展开更多
基金Supported by The Research Foundation of Jiangsu Province Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine,No.MS2023088The Science and Technology Project of Changzhou,No.CE20225040+1 种基金The Research Foundation of Nanjing Medical University Changzhou Medical Center,No.CMCC202311Leading Talent of Changzhou“The 14th Five-Year Plan”High-Level Health Talents Training Project,No.2022CZLJ021.
文摘BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)surveillance is crucial for patients with compensated cirrhosis(CC)and decompensated cirrhosis(DC).Increasing evidence has revealed a connection between thyroid hormone(TH)and HCC,although this relationship remains contentious.Complements and immunoglobulin(Ig),which serve as surrogates of cirrhosis-associated immune dysfunc-tion,are associated with the severity and outcomes of liver cirrhosis(LC).To date,there is a lack of evidence supporting the recommendation of TH,Ig,and com-plement tests in patients at high risk of HCC.AIM To assess the predictive value of TH,Ig,and complements for HCC development.METHODS Data from 142 patients,comprising 72 patients with CC and 70 patients with DC,were analysed as a training set.Among them,100 patients who underwent complement and Ig tests were considered for internal validation.Logistic regression was employed to identify independent risk factors for HCC development.RESULTS The median follow-up duration was 32(24-37 months)months.The incidence of HCC was significantly higher in the DC group(16/70,22.9%)compared to the CC group(3/72,4.2%)(χ^(2)=10.698,P<0.01).Patients with DC exhibited lower total tetraiodothyronine(TT4),total triiodothyronine(TT3),free triiodothyronine,complement C3,and C4(all P<0.01),and higher IgA and IgG(both P<0.01).In both CC and DC patients,TT3 and TT4 positively correlated with alanine transaminase(ALT),aspartate transaminase(AST),and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase(GGT).IgG positively correlated with IgM,IgA,ALT,and AST,while it negatively correlated with C3 and C4.Multivariable analysis indicated that age,DC status,and GGT were independent risk factors for HCC development.CONCLUSION The predictive value of TH,Ig,and complements for HCC development is suboptimal.Age,DC,and GGT emerge as more significant factors during HCC surveillance in hepatitis B virus-related LC.
文摘Muscular dystrophies are myopathies and tend to progressive, with ongoing degeneration and regeneration of muscle fibers. Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and polio myelitis are essentially diseases of the anterior horn cells of the spine. It has been reported in literature that humoral immunity is manifested by the antibodies production. These are special chemical substances that react against foreign body. Antibodies are serum proteins, which are immunoglobulins and possess antibody activity and are classified according to antigens and stimulate their production such as IgA, JgG, IgM, IgD and IgE. All the immunological parameters such as of C3, C4, IgG, IgM and IgA, which are measured in Duchenne muscular dystrophy go down in comparison to healthy subjects. Complement C3 and Complement C4 go down about 44.3% and 78.57% respectively from the normal values. The serum IgG, IgM and IgA levels were also go down about 65%, 84% and 99.56% respectively in comparison to healthy subjects. A trend between all the immunoglobulins has been set up and it is rAG.M > rMA.G. > rGM.A, while we have a trend in DMD cases is rMA.G. > rAG.M > rGM.A We are in a position to say that our data have a relevance of high authenticity and reliability to accept that there is a deficit in immunity in DMD cases. The deficit in immunity may be a cause to damage muscle for abnormal functioning.
文摘Nativized varieties of English must reflect native pragmatic norms and cultural conventions.Complements,as a polite social behavior,is analyzed from the perspective of Chinese English speaker and American English speaker to emphasize the importance of the cross-cultural differences in pragmatic uses.
文摘Unlike matrix verbs, the verb in subjunctive complements in Standard Arabic lacks tense; nonetheless, it inflects for agreement and mood. The subject of subjunctive verbs is Case-marked accusative if it surfaces in a preverbal position; and nominative if it appears in a postverbal position. In addition, the subjunctive verb shows agreement asymmetry with its subject, depending on the position of the subject. Subjunctive complements appear in tenseless contexts in this language, i.e. control structures, ECM-like structures, and obviative structures. In this paper, I provide a new analysis for subject-verb agreement asymmetry in these complements and account for the different Case markers that appear on their subject. In particular, I argue that feature-specification on the inflectional head T triggers the verbal agreement asymmetry in subjunctive complements. I also argue that formal features and nominative Case in these complements can be valued by a defective probe. Crucially, I argue that the defective probe can establish agreement and assign nominative Case in-situ, without resorting to A-movement, and the subsequent movement of the embedded subject to a preverbal position is triggered by the EPP feature on the O-complete T. The corollary of this investigation lends support to the assumption that the Case-agreement system in this language is not contingent on tense.
文摘Our findings show that the value of IgG in serum of Alzheimer’s Disease patients is (17.2059 ± 2.6317) g/l and in controls i.e. (17.6720 ± 3.1457) g/l. Values of IgM in AD patients go down up to 62.5% in comparison to healthy subjects. A sudden change was observed in the levels of IgA of AD patients. It has been put on the value 137.9% high in comparison to healthy subjects. The levels of complement C3 have also value of lower side and go down up to 52.66% in AD patients. The value of levels of complement C4 shows no deflection from the control values. On the basis of regression and multiple correlation analysis, we found that the partial correlation coefficients rGA.M, which has value 0.44815 in AD patients and 0.45555 in controls, do not show any resemblance. The multiple partial correlation rAM.G has value 0.3082 in AD patients and 0.3912 in controls slightly better correlated in comparison to healthy controls. Multiple RA.MG has strongly correlation in comparison to controls. RM.AG is also strongly correlated. Regression coefficients and regression equations are basic foundations of correlation measurements and show a specific character of variation. A relation between all the three multiple correlations has been established in the present work and it is given by the following relation RA.MG > RM.AG > RG.AM.
基金Foundation items： This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （81172876, U0832601, 81273251, U1202228） the National Special Science Research Program of China （2012CBA01305） the National Science and Technology Major Project （2013ZX10001-002, 2012ZX10001-007） and the Knowledge Innovation Program of CAS （KSCX2-EW-R-13）.
文摘The northem pig-tailed macaque （NPM, Macaca leonina） has become a widely used animal model in biomedical research. In this study, we measured serum immunoglobulin IgG, IgM, IgA, complement C3, C4 and CRP levels in 3-11 year old captive northem pig-tailed macaques using HITACHI 7600-20 automated chemistry analyzer in order to determine the influences of age and gender on these items. The results showed that serum IgA, IgM, C3 and C4 levels were not correlated with age （P〉0.05）, while serum IgG levels increased progressively with age （r=0.202; P=0.045）. Serum IgG, IgA, IgM and C3 levels were higher in females than in males （P〈0.05）. Moreover, serum C3 concentration was both positively and strongly correlated with that of C4 （r=0.700; P〈0.0001）. This study provides basic serum immunoglobulin and complement data of captive northem pig-tailed macaques, which may prove useful for future breeding efforts and biomedical research.
基金Supported by State Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.8143000311National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81660103 and No.81771674+2 种基金111 Project,No.D17011Guangxi BaGui Scholarsthe Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Province,No.2015GXNSFFA139004
文摘The complement system is a key component of the body's immune system. When abnormally activated, this system can induce inflammation and damage to normal tissues and participate in the development and progression of a variety of diseases. In the past, many scholars believed that alcoholic liver disease(ALD) is induced by the stress of ethanol on liver cells, including oxidative stress and dysfunction of mitochondria and protease bodies, causing hepatocyte injury and apoptosis. Recent studies have shown that complement activation is also involved in the genesis and development of ALD. This review focuses on the roles of complement activation in ALD and of therapeutic intervention in complement-activation pathways. We intend to provide new ideas on the diagnosis and treatment of ALD.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11861011,11501133,11661010)。
文摘The Kirchhoff index Kf(G) of a graph G is defined to be the sum of the resistance distances between all pairs of vertices of G. In this paper, we develop a novel method for ordering the Kirchhoff indices of the complements of trees and unicyclic graphs. With this method, we determine the first five maximum values of Kf■ and the first four maximum values of Kf(ū),where ■ and ū are the complements of a tree T and unicyclic graph U, respectively.
文摘Let n be any positive integer, and S（n） be the cubic complements of n. The main purpose of this paper is to study the asymptotic of ∑n≤x（n/S（n））^k （k ≥ 1）. And by using the elementary methods, it intends to give two sharper asymptotic formulas, and thus extends the related conclusions.
基金Supported by Beijing Hospitals Authority’ Ascent Plan (No.DFL20190201)Natural Science Foundation of Beijing (No.7222025)Beijing Science and Technology Rising Star Program-Cross-cooperation (No.20220484218)。
文摘·AIM:To analyze the differences in immune indicators and prognosis between Ig G4-positive and negative lacrimal gland benign lymphoepithelial lesion(LGBLEL).·METHODS:This was a single-center retrospective clinical study including 105 cases of Ig G4-positive LGBLEL and 41 cases of Ig G4-negative LGBLEL.Basic information,related indicators of peripheral venous blood samples using immunoscattering turbidimetry,treatment(partial surgical excision and glucocorticoid therapy)and prognosis(recurrence and death)were collected.Survival curves for recurrence were created using the Kaplan-Meier analysis.Univariate analysis and multivariate regression analysis were used to analyze prognostic factors.·RESULTS:The mean age was 50.10±14.23y and 44.76±11.43y(P=0.033)in Ig G4-positive and negative group respectively.The serum C3 and C4 was lower in Ig G4-positive group(P=0.005,P=0.002),while the serum Ig G and Ig G2 was higher in Ig G4-positive group(P=0.000 and P=0.008).Twenty-one cases had recurrence in Ig G4-positive group and 3 cases recurrence in Ig G4-negative group.The 5-year recurrence-free cumulative percentages of Ig G4-positive group was 81.85%,and 83.46%in the Ig G-negative group(P=0.216).The history of preoperative glucocorticoid therapy,serum C4,Ig G1 and Ig G2 were the factors affecting recurrence in Ig G4-positive group,while serum C4,and Ig G1 were the factors affecting recurrence of LGBLEL.·CONCLUSION:Serum C4 and Ig G1 are the factors affecting recurrence of LGBLEL,while the Ig G4 does not affect recurrence of LGBLEL.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(Grant No.19ZR1424100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11971338)。
文摘Let G be a non-complete graph such that its complement G is r-partite.In this paper,properties of the graph G are studied,including the Cohen-Macaulay property and the sequential Cohen-Macaulay property.For r=2,3,some constructions are established for G to be vertex decomposable and some sufficient conditions are provided for r≥4.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Found of China(1027101710271048)
文摘In this paper, a new method has been used to calculate the chromatic polynomials of graphs. In particular, the chromatic polynomials of complements of all wheels with any missing consecutive spokes are given.
文摘In this paper, the author classifies the finite inner π′-closed groups, and proves the following results1. If each proper subgroup K of a group G is weak π-homogeneous and weak π′-homogeneous, then G is a Schmidt group, or a direct product of two Hall subgroups.2. If G is a weak π-homogeneous group, then G is π′-closed if one of the following statements is true: (1)Each π-subgroup of G is 2-closed. (2) Each π-subgroup of G is 2′-closed.3. Let G be a group and π be a set of odd primes. If N_G(Z(J(P))) has a normal π-completement for a Sytow p-subgroup of G with prime ρ in π then so does G.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11671211 and 11371195)the China Scholarship Council (Grant No. 201608320048)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions
文摘Two infinite sequences A and B of non-negative integers are called infinite additive complements if their sum contains all sufficiently large integers. For a sequence T of non-negative integers, let T（x） be the number of terms of T not exceeding x. In 1994, Sarkozy and Szemer′edi confirmed a conjecture of Danzer by proving that, for infinite additive complements A and B, if lim sup A（x）B（x）/x 1, then A（x）B（x）-x → ＋∞ as x → ＋∞. In this paper, it is proved that, if A and B are infinite additive complements with lim sup A（x）B（x）/x〈（√4 ＋ 2）/7 = 1.093 …, then（A（x）B（x）-x）/min{A（x）, B（x）} → ＋∞ as x → ＋∞.
基金supported by the China Post-doctoral Science Foundation(Grant Nos.BX2021269 and 2021M702925)supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2020YFA0713200)+1 种基金supported by NSF Research Grants(Nos.DMS-1801851 and DMS-1952522)by a grant from the Simons Foundation(Award Number:256202).
文摘In this paper,we study the theory of complements,introduced by Shokurov,for Calabi-Yau type varieties with the coefficient set[0,1].We show that there exists afinite set of positive integers N,such that if a threefold pair(X/Z∋z,B)has an R-complement which is klt over a neighborhood of z,then it has an n-complement for some n∈N.We also show the boundedness of complements for R-complementary surface pairs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.31760290,82160688the Key Development Areas Project of Ganzhou Science and Technology,No.2022B-SF9554(all to XL)。
文摘Synaptic pruning is a crucial process in synaptic refinement,eliminating unstable synaptic connections in neural circuits.This process is triggered and regulated primarily by spontaneous neural activity and experience-dependent mechanisms.The pruning process involves multiple molecular signals and a series of regulatory activities governing the“eat me”and“don't eat me”states.Under physiological conditions,the interaction between glial cells and neurons results in the clearance of unnecessary synapses,maintaining normal neural circuit functionality via synaptic pruning.Alterations in genetic and environmental factors can lead to imbalanced synaptic pruning,thus promoting the occurrence and development of autism spectrum disorder,schizophrenia,Alzheimer's disease,and other neurological disorders.In this review,we investigated the molecular mechanisms responsible for synaptic pruning during neural development.We focus on how synaptic pruning can regulate neural circuits and its association with neurological disorders.Furthermore,we discuss the application of emerging optical and imaging technologies to observe synaptic structure and function,as well as their potential for clinical translation.Our aim was to enhance our understanding of synaptic pruning during neural development,including the molecular basis underlying the regulation of synaptic function and the dynamic changes in synaptic density,and to investigate the potential role of these mechanisms in the pathophysiology of neurological diseases,thus providing a theoretical foundation for the treatment of neurological disorders.
文摘Myasthenia gravis is a chronic autoimmune disorder that affects the neuromuscular junction leading to fluctuating skeletal muscle fatigability. The majority of myasthenia gravis patients have detectable antibodies in their serum, targeting acetylcholine receptor, muscle-specific kinase, or related proteins. Current treatment for myasthenia gravis involves symptomatic therapy, immunosuppressive drugs such as corticosteroids, azathioprine, and mycophenolate mofetil, and thymectomy, which is primarily indicated in patients with thymoma or thymic hyperplasia. However, this condition continues to pose significant challenges including an unpredictable and variable disease progression, differing response to individual therapies, and substantial longterm side effects associated with standard treatments(including an increased risk of infections, osteoporosis, and diabetes), underscoring the necessity for a more personalized approach to treatment. Furthermore, about fifteen percent of patients, called “refractory myasthenia gravis patients”, do not respond adequately to standard therapies. In this context, the introduction of molecular therapies has marked a significant advance in myasthenia gravis management. Advances in understanding myasthenia gravis pathogenesis, especially the role of pathogenic antibodies, have driven the development of these biological drugs, which offer more selective, rapid, and safer alternatives to traditional immunosuppressants. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of emerging therapeutic strategies targeting specific immune pathways in myasthenia gravis, with a particular focus on preclinical evidence, therapeutic rationale, and clinical translation of B-cell depletion therapies, neonatal Fc receptor inhibitors, and complement inhibitors.
文摘BACKGROUND Complement-mediated thrombotic microangiopathy(TMA)is a rare endothelial injury syndrome caused by dysregulated activation of the alternative complement pathway,often linked to genetic abnormalities in complement factor H(CFH),complement factor I,or complement factor H-related(CFHR)proteins.Both renal transplantation and pregnancy are independent triggers for recurrence.This case highlights a genetically high-risk patient who achieved a successful term pregnancy after renal transplantation without complement inhibition,emphasizing individualized risk stratification,close surveillance,and multidisciplinary management for favourable maternal and graft outcomes.CASE SUMMARY A 32-year-old woman with end-stage renal disease secondary to genetically confirmed complement-mediated TMA—homozygous CFH exon 17 deletion and CFHR3-CFHR1 duplication—was maintained on dialysis for 2.5 years before undergoing a successful live-donor kidney transplant from her mother.Post-transplant immunosuppression included tacrolimus,mycophenolate mofetil,and prednisolone,later modified to azathioprine during pregnancy planning.One-year post-transplant,she conceived spontaneously.Pregnancy was complicated by transient gestational hypertension,controlled with nifedipine,labetalol,and amlodipine.Proteinuria remained<150 mg/day;white blood cell counts 5.8-7.2×109/L without cytopenia.Serum creatinine ranged 0.9-1.1 mg/dL,and tacrolimus trough levels 5-7 ng/mL.At 36 weeks,she delivered a healthy 3 kg infant by elective caesarean section.Postpartum follow-up at three months confirmed stable maternal and graft function.CONCLUSION High-risk complement-mediated TMA patients can achieve successful pregnancy post-transplant through individualized care without mandatory complement blockade.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81372025)
文摘Objective：To investigate the action of Shen-Fu Injection（参附注射液,SFI） in regulating the expression of the serum complements and inflammatory cytokines synthesized and released in response to the stress of global ischemia accompanying cardiac arrest（CA） and resuscitation.Methods：Thirty pigs were randomly divided into the sham（n=6） and 3 returns of spontaneous circulation（ROSC） groups（n=24）.After 8-min untreated ventricular fibrillation and 2-min basic life support,24 pigs of the ROSC groups were randomized into three groups（n=8 per group）,which received central venous injection of SFI（SFI group）,epinephrine（EP group）,or saline（SA group）.Hemodynamic status and blood samples were obtained at 0,0.5,1,2,4,6,12,and 24 h after ROSC.Results：Serum concentrations of specific activation markers of the complement system C3,C4 and C5b-9 were increased during cardiopulmonary resuscitation th rough1 24 h after ROSC.There were intense changes of various pro-inflammatory cytokines and anti-inflammatory cytokines as early as 0.5 h after CA.Compared with the EP and SA groups,SFI treatment reduced the proinflammatory cytokines levels of interleukin（IL）-6,IL-8and tumor necrosis factor α（TNF-α,P〈0.05）,and increased the anti-inflammatory cytokine levels of IL-4 and IL-10（P〈0.05）.Further,SFI treatment decreased the values of C3,C4 and C5b-9 compared with the EP and SA groups.Conclusions：SFI,derived from the ancient Chinese medicine,has significant effects in attenuating post-resuscitation immune dysfunction by modulating the expression of complements and cytokines levels.The current study provided an experimental basis for the clinical application of a potential pharmacologic target for post resuscitation immune dysfunction.
基金This work was partially supported by NSA grant and NSF grant
文摘For any arrangement of hyperplanes in CP^3,we introduce the soul of this arrangement. The soul,which is a pseudo-complex,is determined by the combinatorics of the arrangement of hyper- planes.In this paper,we give a sufficient combinatoric condition for two arrangements of hyperplanes to be diffeomorphic to each other.In particular we have found sufficient conditions on combinatorics for the arrangement of hyperplanes whose moduli space is connected.This generalizes our previous result on hyperplane point arrangements in CP^3.
