Lonicera japonica(honeysuckle)is a traditional Chinese medicinal food,in which the main active ingredients are phenolic acids,polysaccharides,flavonoids,and volatile oils.They have various biological activities,includ...Lonicera japonica(honeysuckle)is a traditional Chinese medicinal food,in which the main active ingredients are phenolic acids,polysaccharides,flavonoids,and volatile oils.They have various biological activities,including antiviral,antibacterial,antioxidant,hypoglycemic and lipid-lowering,and anti-inflammatory effects.This review summarizes the health effects and pharmacodynamic mechanisms of L.japonica extracts and the major active ingredients in these extracts,and the structures,metabolic process in vivo,and biotransformation processes of these compounds.In addition,the current status of the development of L.japonica-related functional foods is summarized.The aim is to provide a theoretical basis and reference for the further development and use of the active ingredients in L.japonica as functional foods for disease prevention and treatment.展开更多
The efficiency of perovskite solar cells(PSCs)has progressed rapidly,exceeding 26%for single-junction devices and surpassing 34%in perovskite-silicon tandem configurations,establishing PSCs as a promising alternative ...The efficiency of perovskite solar cells(PSCs)has progressed rapidly,exceeding 26%for single-junction devices and surpassing 34%in perovskite-silicon tandem configurations,establishing PSCs as a promising alternative to traditional photovoltaic technologies.However,their commercialization is constrained by significant stability challenges in outdoor environments.This review critically examines key cell-level issues affecting the long-term performance and reliability of PSCs,focusing on instabilities arising from the intrinsic phases of the perovskite absorber and external stress factors.Mitigation strategies to enhance stability are discussed,alongside recent advancements in charge transport layers,electrodes,and interfaces aimed at reducing environmental degradation and improving energy level alignment for efficient charge extraction.The importance of accelerated aging tests and the establishment of standardized protocols is underscored for accurately predicting device lifetimes and identifying failure mechanisms,thereby ensuring stability under real-world conditions.Furthermore,a comprehensive techno-economic analysis evaluates how advancements in materials and strategic innovations influence efficiency,durability,and cost,which are critical for the commercial adoption of PSCs.This review delineates the essential steps required to transition PSC technology from laboratory-scale research to widespread commercialization within the global photovoltaic industry.展开更多
Amid the deepening implementation of rural revitalization strategies and rapid fintech development,rural commercial banks-core financial institutions serving agriculture,rural areas,and farmers(the“three rurals”)and...Amid the deepening implementation of rural revitalization strategies and rapid fintech development,rural commercial banks-core financial institutions serving agriculture,rural areas,and farmers(the“three rurals”)and county economies-have seen their tellers’service quality and operational efficiency directly impact market competitiveness and sustainable development capabilities.This study examines teller performance management in rural commercial banks from a business management perspective.By analyzing structural issues in existing performance management systems and integrating theoretical frameworks with industry case studies,it proposes systematic optimization measures.The research aims to provide practical references for establishing scientific and efficient teller performance management systems in rural commercial banks,thereby enhancing service quality,strengthening talent support,and better serving the rural financial market.展开更多
Zhengzhou,located at the eastern foot of Mount Song and along the banks of the Yel low River,sits at the heart of China.It is the capital of Henan Province and one of China’s eight great ancient capitals.Historically...Zhengzhou,located at the eastern foot of Mount Song and along the banks of the Yel low River,sits at the heart of China.It is the capital of Henan Province and one of China’s eight great ancient capitals.Historically known as the“Center of Heaven and Earth”,it is now praised as the“Green City”As a national central city expl icit ly suppor ted by the Chinese government and a core growth pole for high-quality regional development.展开更多
With rising consumer spending power and growing demand for personalization,the role of jewelry designers in product innovation and brand building has become increasingly prominent,and the realization of their commerci...With rising consumer spending power and growing demand for personalization,the role of jewelry designers in product innovation and brand building has become increasingly prominent,and the realization of their commercial value has emerged as a key competitive driver in the industry.This paper employs a combination of literature review and case analysis to first define the connotation and evaluation dimensions of jewelry designers’commercial value.Next,it examines successful practices of representative designers at home and abroad,analyzing their core strategies in brand development,market positioning,channel collaboration,and innovation models.Finally,based on these findings,it proposes a systematic path for building personal brands,deepening value‐chain collaboration,and exploring cross-field innovation.The study demonstrates that effective brand building and differentiated positioning can significantly enhance a designer’s bargaining power,while coordinated upstream–downstream value-chain efforts and diverse innovation models—spanning technology and culture—provide vital support for sustained growth in commercial value.This paper aims to offer actionable strategic frameworks for industry practitioners and decision makers and to outline directions for future research.展开更多
This research centers on commercial banks'human resource allocation.It constructs a staffing model grounded in human capital value creation theory and analyzes relevant factors through longitudinal panel data regr...This research centers on commercial banks'human resource allocation.It constructs a staffing model grounded in human capital value creation theory and analyzes relevant factors through longitudinal panel data regression.Taking City Commercial Bank A as an instance,the model identifies 12.3%redundant positions and matches jobs with business scale.Additionally,the study proposes a“staffing effectiveness salary”system,providing a framework for optimizing commercial bank human capital in the digital age.展开更多
The 51st China Beijing International Gifts,Premium and Houseware Exhibition(hereinafter referred to as the Gifts Exhibition) officially opened the kaleidoscope of creative gifts at China International Exhibition Cente...The 51st China Beijing International Gifts,Premium and Houseware Exhibition(hereinafter referred to as the Gifts Exhibition) officially opened the kaleidoscope of creative gifts at China International Exhibition Center (Chaoyang Pavilion) on March 20th.More than 900 exhibitors built an aesthetic corridor of quality life with 200,000 gifts.展开更多
This study aims to examine the challenges and future directions of large-scale wooden construction education at universities in Japan and Finland.It compares the wooden construction curricula at universities and the a...This study aims to examine the challenges and future directions of large-scale wooden construction education at universities in Japan and Finland.It compares the wooden construction curricula at universities and the architectural education initiatives undertaken by firms specializing in large-scale wood construction design in both countries.The target applications for large-scale wooden construction are residential,commercial,and public buildings.Comparing university education revealed many commonalities between the two countries,allowing them to be classified into two types:“seminar-centered”and“lecture-centered”.Japanese universities are categorized by building type and scale for educational purposes.Finnish universities focus their education on the properties and functions of wood.Based on these results,we infer that incorporating both Japan’s architecture-planning-focused education and Finland’s materials-focused education into teaching,using familiar housing buildings as a theme,will lead to the wider adoption of large-scale wooden construction.展开更多
This study investigates the innovation pathways and product pricing strategies of commercial health insurance in the era of new technologies.Drawing upon recent developments in InsurTech—including artificial intellig...This study investigates the innovation pathways and product pricing strategies of commercial health insurance in the era of new technologies.Drawing upon recent developments in InsurTech—including artificial intelligence(AI),the Internet of Things(IoT),blockchain,and big data analytics—we analyze how these technologies reshape underwriting,risk management,and actuarial pricing models.The research employs a theoretical framework rooted in information economics and applies generalized linear models(GLMs)alongside machine learning approaches to demonstrate how technologydriven data sources,such as wearable devices and real-time health monitoring,enhance pricing precision and risk stratification.Empirical illustrations highlight global cases including wellness-linked insurance programs,telemedicine-integrated policies,blockchain-enabled claims,and China’s inclusive Huiminbao schemes.Findings suggest that new technologies improve efficiency,reduce information asymmetry,and foster product innovation,while simultaneously raising challenges of data privacy,algorithmic fairness,and market sustainability.The paper concludes that successful integration of advanced technologies into health insurance requires balancing actuarial accuracy with equity considerations,robust regulatory frameworks,and consumer trust.These insights contribute to the broader discourse on how digital transformation can strengthen health insurance systems and promote public health outcomes worldwide.展开更多
Polar microalgae are microscopic organisms adapted to survive in cold and extreme habitats such as sea-ice,glaciers,lakes and snow.These microorganisms provide an essential basis as primary food sources in polar ecosy...Polar microalgae are microscopic organisms adapted to survive in cold and extreme habitats such as sea-ice,glaciers,lakes and snow.These microorganisms provide an essential basis as primary food sources in polar ecosystems.Despite their ecological importance,polar microalgae remain relatively unexplored compared to their tropical and temperate counterparts,largely due to the practical challenges of obtaining and maintaining material from the harsh polar environments.However,interest has recently surged due to their specific adaptations and potential for utilization in various fields.This review explores the survival strategies of polar microalgae and their commercial applications in healthcare and other fields.We also consider the processes involved in processing polar microalgae,from cultivation to extraction of bioactive compounds.Our findings highlight a growing need for research in this rapidly evolving field to unlock the potential of polar microalgae in multiple fields.展开更多
Optical phase transfer via fiber optics is the most effective method for optical frequency standard comparison on the scale below thousands of kilometers.However,the monotonic phase discrimination range of conventiona...Optical phase transfer via fiber optics is the most effective method for optical frequency standard comparison on the scale below thousands of kilometers.However,the monotonic phase discrimination range of conventional optical phase-locked loops is limited,and link delays restrict the control bandwidth,which makes it a challenge to achieve a continuously reliable optical link.This paper presents an event-timing-based phase detection method that overcomes the monotonic phase discrimination range limitation of conventional phase-locked loops through dual-edge timestamp recording,achieving an optical phase measurement resolution on the order of 10 attoseconds.With such a technique,we established a 7-segment-cascaded optical link over 1402km of commercial fiber while sharing dense wavelength division multiplexing(DWDM)channels with live telecom traffic.The system maintained continuous operation for 11.7 days without phase cycle slips despite encountering 15 km aerial fiber noise up to 21000 rad^(2)·Hz^(−1)·km^(−1)at 1 Hz.Relative instabilities of the link are 3.7×10^(−15)at 1 s and 3.9×10^(−20)at 100000 s.展开更多
The traditional nanozymes-based ratiometric fluorescence sensing platforms usually necessitate the supplementary addition of fluorescent probes,therefore greatly restricting its convenient and broad application.In thi...The traditional nanozymes-based ratiometric fluorescence sensing platforms usually necessitate the supplementary addition of fluorescent probes,therefore greatly restricting its convenient and broad application.In this study,a highly sensitive and selective ratiometric fluorescence platform for alkaline phosphatase(ALP)detection was established,only employing Prussian blue(PB)nanozymes and a commercially available chromogen of o-phenylenediamine(OPD).PB nanozymes with remarkable peroxidaselike(POD-like)activity can effectively catalyze OPD chromogen to yield 2,3-diaminophenazine(OPDox)with an intense yellow fluorescence at 573 nm emission peak.Target ALP can facilitate ascorbic acid 2-phosphate(AAP)dephosphorylation to generate phosphate and ascorbic acid(AA).Significantly,both these two resultant hydrolysis products could effectively decrease the OPDox generation via a dualpath based inhibition on the PB nanozymes POD-like activity.On the other hand,the generated dehydroascorbic acid(DHAA)from AA oxidation would exclusively react with OPD chromogen to yield3-(dihydroxyethyl)furo[3,4-b]quinoxaline-1-one(DFQ)with a strong blue fluorescent signal at 434nm,which further providing a significant enhancement on the sensing selectivity of ALP detection.As a result,an increased yellow fluorescence of OPDox and decreased blue fluorescence of DFQ could be clearly observed with different ALP addition.A robust linear relationship between the fluorescence ratio of F_(434)/F_(573)and ALP activity ranging from 0.25U/L to 6U/L was obtained,with a low detection limit of 0.112 U/L.This proposed method demonstrates high sensitivity,excellent selectivity,cost-effectiveness,and operational simplicity,yet enabling an effective detection of ALP levels in human serum.展开更多
Depressurization and heat injection are viewed as the main methods to be used in natural gas hydrate(NGH)exploitation.However,these methods have limitations,such as low energy-utilization efficiency or a limited extra...Depressurization and heat injection are viewed as the main methods to be used in natural gas hydrate(NGH)exploitation.However,these methods have limitations,such as low energy-utilization efficiency or a limited extraction range,and are still far from commercial exploitation.In this work,we propose a potential commercial method to exploit NGHs by effectively using geothermal energy inside deep reservoirs.Specifically,a loop well structure is designed to economically extract geothermal energy.Based on an analysis of our developed model,when the looping well is coupled with depressurization,the profits of high NGH production can surpass the drilling costs of extracting geothermal energy.Moreover,as the temperature of fluids from the geothermal layer exceeds 62℃,the fluid heat is mainly consumed by the rock matrix of the hydrate formation,instead of promoting NGH dissociation.Based on this threshold temperature,a loop well drilled to a depth of about 4000 m for hydrate sediment in the Shenhu area of the South China Sea would be able to efficiently extract geothermal energy,leading to an approximate73%increase in gas production in comparison with conventional depressurization.An economic analysis suggests that our proposed method can reduce the exploitation cost of methane to 0.46 USD·m^(-3).Furthermore,as the hydrate saturation increases to 0.5,the exploitation cost can be further reduced to 0.14 USD·m^(-3).Overall,a looping well coupled with geothermal energy and depressurization is expected to pave the way for commercial NGH exploitation.展开更多
In China, the vast majority of the bibliographic databases is commercial, such as China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI）, Wanfang Database, Longyuan Journal Net, CQVIP Company, however, there are also non-pr...In China, the vast majority of the bibliographic databases is commercial, such as China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI）, Wanfang Database, Longyuan Journal Net, CQVIP Company, however, there are also non-profit open access （OA） databases, such as journal database jointly established by Chinese Academy of Social Sciences （CASS） and National Social Science Fund. The commercial bibliographic databases have to face many difficulties： intellectual property disputes, the benefit distribution between the hardcopy periodical and the commercial bibliographic database, the lack of quality assessment about the commercial bibliographic databases, the need of improving digital technology as well as the lack of a unified database regulation, which restricts the development of commercial bibliographic databases. This paper puts forward the countermeasures from the perspective of how to enhance the governmental management; how to protect the intellectual property fight; how to improve the technical standard of the commercial bibliographic databases; how to build interest distribution between the hardcopy periodical and the commercial bibliographic database; how to improve the quality of commercial bibliographic databases; and how to improve the industrial chain of the commercial bibliographic databases.展开更多
Advertisement and presentation of a product is the most important stage in the process of marketing. Product advertisement mostly benefits from the audiovisual commercials and advertisements on mass media （television...Advertisement and presentation of a product is the most important stage in the process of marketing. Product advertisement mostly benefits from the audiovisual commercials and advertisements on mass media （television, radio, newspaper, magazine, poster, brochure, Internet etc.）. Today, TV, radio and Intemet are considered to have great importance among the most widely used means of mass media. Initial advertisement for each product plays a significant role in getting a bigger market share for that product. Thus, manufacturing companies need brands, taglines, catchphrases and jingles for their commercials broadcasted on mass media. Astonishing words or expressions which catch the consumers＇ attention play a highly significant role in commercials. Slogans which are created sometimes using melodious or rhythmical expressions, and imperatives, or sometimes slang and daily language support convincing power of the commercials. The mentioned slogans are indeed examples of creativeness. This study primarily includes the commercials, ways to produce slogans and their characteristics, together with identifying the slogans in the commercials broadcasted in Turkey and Russia, created by using language games, which include brand names. Then, aforementioned slogans will be reviewed with regards to artistic stylistics, a sub branch of functional stylistics. Finally, similar and different aspects of the language games in Turkish and Russian commercials will be compared based on the findings obtained from the analyses.展开更多
A novel type nano TiN/Ti composite grain refiner （TiN/Ti refiner） was prepared by high energy ball milling, and its effect on as-cast and hot-working microstructure of commercial purity aluminum （pure Al） was inve...A novel type nano TiN/Ti composite grain refiner （TiN/Ti refiner） was prepared by high energy ball milling, and its effect on as-cast and hot-working microstructure of commercial purity aluminum （pure Al） was investigated. The results show that TiN/Ti refiner exhibits excellent grain refining performances on pure Al. With an addition of 0.2% TiN/Ti refiner, the average grain size of pure Al decreases to 82 μm, which is smaller than that of pure Ti and Al 5Ti 1B master alloy as refiners. The microstructure of weld joint of pure Al with 0.1% TiN/Ti refiner is fine equiaxed grains and the hardness of weld joint is higher than that of the base metal. For pure Al with 40% cold deformation and recrystallization at 250 °C for 1.0 h, the grains of the sample added 0.1% Ti powder have an obvious grain growth behavior. In contrast, oriented grains caused by deformation have been eliminated, and there is no obvious grain growth in pure Al refined with 0.1% TiN/Ti refiner, indicating that nano TiN in the refiner inhibits the growth of grain during recrystallization.展开更多
The relationship between the civil law and commercial law is a long-standing issue of controversy in the area of private law, and it is also an issue of unavoidably legislative selection during the codification the ci...The relationship between the civil law and commercial law is a long-standing issue of controversy in the area of private law, and it is also an issue of unavoidably legislative selection during the codification the civil code in almost every country. Since the founding of the People Republic of China, China has carried out the codification of civil code for four times, and since the part^s eighteen plenary session officially proposed the ＇codification of civil code＇, the issue of the civil and conmaercial relation draws the attention again, either unification or division of civil and commercial law directly affects the system and content of the civil code, and affects how to process the relationship between the civil law and commercial law during the codification of the civil code as well. The codification of the civil code should not only consider the legislative tradition of the civil and commercial legislation and the current legal system, but also pursue characteristics of the commercial law, in a system of combining civil and commercial law, through adding commercial law into the general principle of civil law; the existing commercial law should be separately retained.展开更多
Titanium with gradient nano-to-micron scale grains from surface to matrix was fabricated by surface mechanical grinding treatment(SMGT) at room temperature.The SMGT-treated titanium shows higher strength than that of ...Titanium with gradient nano-to-micron scale grains from surface to matrix was fabricated by surface mechanical grinding treatment(SMGT) at room temperature.The SMGT-treated titanium shows higher strength than that of as-received one,but moderate ductility between those of ultra-fine grained(UFG) and coarse-grained titanium.Tensile stress-strain curves of SMGT-treated titanium show double strain hardening regimes.The strain hardening rate(dσ/dε) decreases with increasing strain in tensile deformation.The high strain hardening rate at initial yielding is attributed to nano-to-micron-grained surface layer.The low strain hardening rate at large plastic strain regime primarily results from coarse-grained matrix.The SMGT-treated titanium shows a ductile fracture mode with a large number of dimples.The small size of dimples in the treated surface layer is due to the combination of the high strength and strain hardening exponent.The difference between dimple size in nano-to-micron-grained surface layer and coarse-grained matrix is discussed in terms of plastic zone size at the tip of crack in the SMGT-treated titanium.展开更多
In order to reveal the differences caused by forging and rolling process for titanium ingots, hot compression behavior, mechanical properties and the microstructures of forged billets and rolled ones were investigated...In order to reveal the differences caused by forging and rolling process for titanium ingots, hot compression behavior, mechanical properties and the microstructures of forged billets and rolled ones were investigated in detail using Gleeble-1500 thermal mechanical simulator, universal testing machine and optical microscope （OM）. The compression deformation experimental data of commercially pure titanium （CP-Ti） were mapped to be a T vs lg diagram in which data fall into three distinct regions, i.e., three-stage work hardening, two-stage work hardening and flow softening, which can be separated by border lines at 17.5 and 15.4 for lg Z, where Z represents the Zener-Hollomon parameter. The deformation twin is found to have higher Z-value corresponding to the work hardening region. The differences in microstructures and mechanical properties for two kinds of billets indicate that forged billet consists of deformation twins and some twin intersections, and many twins cross the grain boundaries. However, nearly no twins can be seen in the microstructure of billet formed by rolling under optical microscope （OM）, but there are equiaxed and platelike grains. Tensile tests and Vickers hardness test indicate that yield strength, tensile strength and microhardness of the samples after forging are higher than those after rolling.展开更多
To study the indoor air qualities（IAQ）of large commercial office buildings in Hunan province of China and the corresponding improvement methods,the IAQ of a large commercial office building in Changsha in July,2008,...To study the indoor air qualities（IAQ）of large commercial office buildings in Hunan province of China and the corresponding improvement methods,the IAQ of a large commercial office building in Changsha in July,2008,is investigated.A questionnaire survey and field tests are used to collect data.According to the data of twelve rooms in this building,objective evaluation and the subjective evaluation of the IAQ are obtained.Almost all of the environmental parameters in these rooms basically meet the standards of the objective evaluation.But the average concentration of carbon dioxide in most rooms cannot reach the value of the cleanliness standards,1 255 mg/m^3.The average acceptability of the IAQ in these rooms is 71%,which is lower than the value of the ASHRAE 55—1992 standards,80%.The proper increase in the wind speed and the indoor fresh air supply can greatly improve the objective evaluation and the subjective evaluation of the IAQ.展开更多
基金supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82130112,U24A20789)Beijing Hospitals Authority Ascent Plan(DFL20190702)Youth Beijing Scholar(2022-051)。
文摘Lonicera japonica(honeysuckle)is a traditional Chinese medicinal food,in which the main active ingredients are phenolic acids,polysaccharides,flavonoids,and volatile oils.They have various biological activities,including antiviral,antibacterial,antioxidant,hypoglycemic and lipid-lowering,and anti-inflammatory effects.This review summarizes the health effects and pharmacodynamic mechanisms of L.japonica extracts and the major active ingredients in these extracts,and the structures,metabolic process in vivo,and biotransformation processes of these compounds.In addition,the current status of the development of L.japonica-related functional foods is summarized.The aim is to provide a theoretical basis and reference for the further development and use of the active ingredients in L.japonica as functional foods for disease prevention and treatment.
基金supported by a National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant(No.2016R1A3B 1908249),funded by the Korean government.
文摘The efficiency of perovskite solar cells(PSCs)has progressed rapidly,exceeding 26%for single-junction devices and surpassing 34%in perovskite-silicon tandem configurations,establishing PSCs as a promising alternative to traditional photovoltaic technologies.However,their commercialization is constrained by significant stability challenges in outdoor environments.This review critically examines key cell-level issues affecting the long-term performance and reliability of PSCs,focusing on instabilities arising from the intrinsic phases of the perovskite absorber and external stress factors.Mitigation strategies to enhance stability are discussed,alongside recent advancements in charge transport layers,electrodes,and interfaces aimed at reducing environmental degradation and improving energy level alignment for efficient charge extraction.The importance of accelerated aging tests and the establishment of standardized protocols is underscored for accurately predicting device lifetimes and identifying failure mechanisms,thereby ensuring stability under real-world conditions.Furthermore,a comprehensive techno-economic analysis evaluates how advancements in materials and strategic innovations influence efficiency,durability,and cost,which are critical for the commercial adoption of PSCs.This review delineates the essential steps required to transition PSC technology from laboratory-scale research to widespread commercialization within the global photovoltaic industry.
文摘Amid the deepening implementation of rural revitalization strategies and rapid fintech development,rural commercial banks-core financial institutions serving agriculture,rural areas,and farmers(the“three rurals”)and county economies-have seen their tellers’service quality and operational efficiency directly impact market competitiveness and sustainable development capabilities.This study examines teller performance management in rural commercial banks from a business management perspective.By analyzing structural issues in existing performance management systems and integrating theoretical frameworks with industry case studies,it proposes systematic optimization measures.The research aims to provide practical references for establishing scientific and efficient teller performance management systems in rural commercial banks,thereby enhancing service quality,strengthening talent support,and better serving the rural financial market.
文摘Zhengzhou,located at the eastern foot of Mount Song and along the banks of the Yel low River,sits at the heart of China.It is the capital of Henan Province and one of China’s eight great ancient capitals.Historically known as the“Center of Heaven and Earth”,it is now praised as the“Green City”As a national central city expl icit ly suppor ted by the Chinese government and a core growth pole for high-quality regional development.
文摘With rising consumer spending power and growing demand for personalization,the role of jewelry designers in product innovation and brand building has become increasingly prominent,and the realization of their commercial value has emerged as a key competitive driver in the industry.This paper employs a combination of literature review and case analysis to first define the connotation and evaluation dimensions of jewelry designers’commercial value.Next,it examines successful practices of representative designers at home and abroad,analyzing their core strategies in brand development,market positioning,channel collaboration,and innovation models.Finally,based on these findings,it proposes a systematic path for building personal brands,deepening value‐chain collaboration,and exploring cross-field innovation.The study demonstrates that effective brand building and differentiated positioning can significantly enhance a designer’s bargaining power,while coordinated upstream–downstream value-chain efforts and diverse innovation models—spanning technology and culture—provide vital support for sustained growth in commercial value.This paper aims to offer actionable strategic frameworks for industry practitioners and decision makers and to outline directions for future research.
文摘This research centers on commercial banks'human resource allocation.It constructs a staffing model grounded in human capital value creation theory and analyzes relevant factors through longitudinal panel data regression.Taking City Commercial Bank A as an instance,the model identifies 12.3%redundant positions and matches jobs with business scale.Additionally,the study proposes a“staffing effectiveness salary”system,providing a framework for optimizing commercial bank human capital in the digital age.
文摘The 51st China Beijing International Gifts,Premium and Houseware Exhibition(hereinafter referred to as the Gifts Exhibition) officially opened the kaleidoscope of creative gifts at China International Exhibition Center (Chaoyang Pavilion) on March 20th.More than 900 exhibitors built an aesthetic corridor of quality life with 200,000 gifts.
基金supported by the Sugiyama Jogakuen University’s School Research Fund.
文摘This study aims to examine the challenges and future directions of large-scale wooden construction education at universities in Japan and Finland.It compares the wooden construction curricula at universities and the architectural education initiatives undertaken by firms specializing in large-scale wood construction design in both countries.The target applications for large-scale wooden construction are residential,commercial,and public buildings.Comparing university education revealed many commonalities between the two countries,allowing them to be classified into two types:“seminar-centered”and“lecture-centered”.Japanese universities are categorized by building type and scale for educational purposes.Finnish universities focus their education on the properties and functions of wood.Based on these results,we infer that incorporating both Japan’s architecture-planning-focused education and Finland’s materials-focused education into teaching,using familiar housing buildings as a theme,will lead to the wider adoption of large-scale wooden construction.
文摘This study investigates the innovation pathways and product pricing strategies of commercial health insurance in the era of new technologies.Drawing upon recent developments in InsurTech—including artificial intelligence(AI),the Internet of Things(IoT),blockchain,and big data analytics—we analyze how these technologies reshape underwriting,risk management,and actuarial pricing models.The research employs a theoretical framework rooted in information economics and applies generalized linear models(GLMs)alongside machine learning approaches to demonstrate how technologydriven data sources,such as wearable devices and real-time health monitoring,enhance pricing precision and risk stratification.Empirical illustrations highlight global cases including wellness-linked insurance programs,telemedicine-integrated policies,blockchain-enabled claims,and China’s inclusive Huiminbao schemes.Findings suggest that new technologies improve efficiency,reduce information asymmetry,and foster product innovation,while simultaneously raising challenges of data privacy,algorithmic fairness,and market sustainability.The paper concludes that successful integration of advanced technologies into health insurance requires balancing actuarial accuracy with equity considerations,robust regulatory frameworks,and consumer trust.These insights contribute to the broader discourse on how digital transformation can strengthen health insurance systems and promote public health outcomes worldwide.
基金supported by the Sultan Mizan Antarctic Research Foundation Smart Partnership(YPASM)Initiative“Photoprotective Potential of Mycosporine-Like Amino Acids(MAAs)and Bioactive Compounds from Antarctic Microalgae on Human Keratinocytes”(Grant number:IMU R 289/2023)。
文摘Polar microalgae are microscopic organisms adapted to survive in cold and extreme habitats such as sea-ice,glaciers,lakes and snow.These microorganisms provide an essential basis as primary food sources in polar ecosystems.Despite their ecological importance,polar microalgae remain relatively unexplored compared to their tropical and temperate counterparts,largely due to the practical challenges of obtaining and maintaining material from the harsh polar environments.However,interest has recently surged due to their specific adaptations and potential for utilization in various fields.This review explores the survival strategies of polar microalgae and their commercial applications in healthcare and other fields.We also consider the processes involved in processing polar microalgae,from cultivation to extraction of bioactive compounds.Our findings highlight a growing need for research in this rapidly evolving field to unlock the potential of polar microalgae in multiple fields.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2020YFC2200103)the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(Grant Nos.ZR2022LLZ006 and ZR2022LLZ011)+1 种基金the Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology(Grant Nos.2021ZD0300904 and 2021ZD0300903)the Key R&D Plan of Shandong Province(Grant No.2023CXPT105)。
文摘Optical phase transfer via fiber optics is the most effective method for optical frequency standard comparison on the scale below thousands of kilometers.However,the monotonic phase discrimination range of conventional optical phase-locked loops is limited,and link delays restrict the control bandwidth,which makes it a challenge to achieve a continuously reliable optical link.This paper presents an event-timing-based phase detection method that overcomes the monotonic phase discrimination range limitation of conventional phase-locked loops through dual-edge timestamp recording,achieving an optical phase measurement resolution on the order of 10 attoseconds.With such a technique,we established a 7-segment-cascaded optical link over 1402km of commercial fiber while sharing dense wavelength division multiplexing(DWDM)channels with live telecom traffic.The system maintained continuous operation for 11.7 days without phase cycle slips despite encountering 15 km aerial fiber noise up to 21000 rad^(2)·Hz^(−1)·km^(−1)at 1 Hz.Relative instabilities of the link are 3.7×10^(−15)at 1 s and 3.9×10^(−20)at 100000 s.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22064014)the Science and Technology Development Plan Project of Lanzhou(No.2021–1-146)+2 种基金the Science and Technology Project of Gansu Province(Nos.21YF5FA071,21JR7RA538)the Industrial Support Programme for Higher Education Institutions Project(Nos.2023CYZC-69,2024CYCZ-05)the 2023 Gansu Provincial Key Talent Project(No.2023RCXM26)。
文摘The traditional nanozymes-based ratiometric fluorescence sensing platforms usually necessitate the supplementary addition of fluorescent probes,therefore greatly restricting its convenient and broad application.In this study,a highly sensitive and selective ratiometric fluorescence platform for alkaline phosphatase(ALP)detection was established,only employing Prussian blue(PB)nanozymes and a commercially available chromogen of o-phenylenediamine(OPD).PB nanozymes with remarkable peroxidaselike(POD-like)activity can effectively catalyze OPD chromogen to yield 2,3-diaminophenazine(OPDox)with an intense yellow fluorescence at 573 nm emission peak.Target ALP can facilitate ascorbic acid 2-phosphate(AAP)dephosphorylation to generate phosphate and ascorbic acid(AA).Significantly,both these two resultant hydrolysis products could effectively decrease the OPDox generation via a dualpath based inhibition on the PB nanozymes POD-like activity.On the other hand,the generated dehydroascorbic acid(DHAA)from AA oxidation would exclusively react with OPD chromogen to yield3-(dihydroxyethyl)furo[3,4-b]quinoxaline-1-one(DFQ)with a strong blue fluorescent signal at 434nm,which further providing a significant enhancement on the sensing selectivity of ALP detection.As a result,an increased yellow fluorescence of OPDox and decreased blue fluorescence of DFQ could be clearly observed with different ALP addition.A robust linear relationship between the fluorescence ratio of F_(434)/F_(573)and ALP activity ranging from 0.25U/L to 6U/L was obtained,with a low detection limit of 0.112 U/L.This proposed method demonstrates high sensitivity,excellent selectivity,cost-effectiveness,and operational simplicity,yet enabling an effective detection of ALP levels in human serum.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52288101,51991360,and U21B2069)。
文摘Depressurization and heat injection are viewed as the main methods to be used in natural gas hydrate(NGH)exploitation.However,these methods have limitations,such as low energy-utilization efficiency or a limited extraction range,and are still far from commercial exploitation.In this work,we propose a potential commercial method to exploit NGHs by effectively using geothermal energy inside deep reservoirs.Specifically,a loop well structure is designed to economically extract geothermal energy.Based on an analysis of our developed model,when the looping well is coupled with depressurization,the profits of high NGH production can surpass the drilling costs of extracting geothermal energy.Moreover,as the temperature of fluids from the geothermal layer exceeds 62℃,the fluid heat is mainly consumed by the rock matrix of the hydrate formation,instead of promoting NGH dissociation.Based on this threshold temperature,a loop well drilled to a depth of about 4000 m for hydrate sediment in the Shenhu area of the South China Sea would be able to efficiently extract geothermal energy,leading to an approximate73%increase in gas production in comparison with conventional depressurization.An economic analysis suggests that our proposed method can reduce the exploitation cost of methane to 0.46 USD·m^(-3).Furthermore,as the hydrate saturation increases to 0.5,the exploitation cost can be further reduced to 0.14 USD·m^(-3).Overall,a looping well coupled with geothermal energy and depressurization is expected to pave the way for commercial NGH exploitation.
文摘In China, the vast majority of the bibliographic databases is commercial, such as China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI）, Wanfang Database, Longyuan Journal Net, CQVIP Company, however, there are also non-profit open access （OA） databases, such as journal database jointly established by Chinese Academy of Social Sciences （CASS） and National Social Science Fund. The commercial bibliographic databases have to face many difficulties： intellectual property disputes, the benefit distribution between the hardcopy periodical and the commercial bibliographic database, the lack of quality assessment about the commercial bibliographic databases, the need of improving digital technology as well as the lack of a unified database regulation, which restricts the development of commercial bibliographic databases. This paper puts forward the countermeasures from the perspective of how to enhance the governmental management; how to protect the intellectual property fight; how to improve the technical standard of the commercial bibliographic databases; how to build interest distribution between the hardcopy periodical and the commercial bibliographic database; how to improve the quality of commercial bibliographic databases; and how to improve the industrial chain of the commercial bibliographic databases.
文摘Advertisement and presentation of a product is the most important stage in the process of marketing. Product advertisement mostly benefits from the audiovisual commercials and advertisements on mass media （television, radio, newspaper, magazine, poster, brochure, Internet etc.）. Today, TV, radio and Intemet are considered to have great importance among the most widely used means of mass media. Initial advertisement for each product plays a significant role in getting a bigger market share for that product. Thus, manufacturing companies need brands, taglines, catchphrases and jingles for their commercials broadcasted on mass media. Astonishing words or expressions which catch the consumers＇ attention play a highly significant role in commercials. Slogans which are created sometimes using melodious or rhythmical expressions, and imperatives, or sometimes slang and daily language support convincing power of the commercials. The mentioned slogans are indeed examples of creativeness. This study primarily includes the commercials, ways to produce slogans and their characteristics, together with identifying the slogans in the commercials broadcasted in Turkey and Russia, created by using language games, which include brand names. Then, aforementioned slogans will be reviewed with regards to artistic stylistics, a sub branch of functional stylistics. Finally, similar and different aspects of the language games in Turkish and Russian commercials will be compared based on the findings obtained from the analyses.
文摘A novel type nano TiN/Ti composite grain refiner （TiN/Ti refiner） was prepared by high energy ball milling, and its effect on as-cast and hot-working microstructure of commercial purity aluminum （pure Al） was investigated. The results show that TiN/Ti refiner exhibits excellent grain refining performances on pure Al. With an addition of 0.2% TiN/Ti refiner, the average grain size of pure Al decreases to 82 μm, which is smaller than that of pure Ti and Al 5Ti 1B master alloy as refiners. The microstructure of weld joint of pure Al with 0.1% TiN/Ti refiner is fine equiaxed grains and the hardness of weld joint is higher than that of the base metal. For pure Al with 40% cold deformation and recrystallization at 250 °C for 1.0 h, the grains of the sample added 0.1% Ti powder have an obvious grain growth behavior. In contrast, oriented grains caused by deformation have been eliminated, and there is no obvious grain growth in pure Al refined with 0.1% TiN/Ti refiner, indicating that nano TiN in the refiner inhibits the growth of grain during recrystallization.
文摘The relationship between the civil law and commercial law is a long-standing issue of controversy in the area of private law, and it is also an issue of unavoidably legislative selection during the codification the civil code in almost every country. Since the founding of the People Republic of China, China has carried out the codification of civil code for four times, and since the part^s eighteen plenary session officially proposed the ＇codification of civil code＇, the issue of the civil and conmaercial relation draws the attention again, either unification or division of civil and commercial law directly affects the system and content of the civil code, and affects how to process the relationship between the civil law and commercial law during the codification of the civil code as well. The codification of the civil code should not only consider the legislative tradition of the civil and commercial legislation and the current legal system, but also pursue characteristics of the commercial law, in a system of combining civil and commercial law, through adding commercial law into the general principle of civil law; the existing commercial law should be separately retained.
基金Project(2014CB644003)supported by the National Basic Research Program of ChinaProject(51321003)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(B06025)supported by"111"Project of China
文摘Titanium with gradient nano-to-micron scale grains from surface to matrix was fabricated by surface mechanical grinding treatment(SMGT) at room temperature.The SMGT-treated titanium shows higher strength than that of as-received one,but moderate ductility between those of ultra-fine grained(UFG) and coarse-grained titanium.Tensile stress-strain curves of SMGT-treated titanium show double strain hardening regimes.The strain hardening rate(dσ/dε) decreases with increasing strain in tensile deformation.The high strain hardening rate at initial yielding is attributed to nano-to-micron-grained surface layer.The low strain hardening rate at large plastic strain regime primarily results from coarse-grained matrix.The SMGT-treated titanium shows a ductile fracture mode with a large number of dimples.The small size of dimples in the treated surface layer is due to the combination of the high strength and strain hardening exponent.The difference between dimple size in nano-to-micron-grained surface layer and coarse-grained matrix is discussed in terms of plastic zone size at the tip of crack in the SMGT-treated titanium.
文摘In order to reveal the differences caused by forging and rolling process for titanium ingots, hot compression behavior, mechanical properties and the microstructures of forged billets and rolled ones were investigated in detail using Gleeble-1500 thermal mechanical simulator, universal testing machine and optical microscope （OM）. The compression deformation experimental data of commercially pure titanium （CP-Ti） were mapped to be a T vs lg diagram in which data fall into three distinct regions, i.e., three-stage work hardening, two-stage work hardening and flow softening, which can be separated by border lines at 17.5 and 15.4 for lg Z, where Z represents the Zener-Hollomon parameter. The deformation twin is found to have higher Z-value corresponding to the work hardening region. The differences in microstructures and mechanical properties for two kinds of billets indicate that forged billet consists of deformation twins and some twin intersections, and many twins cross the grain boundaries. However, nearly no twins can be seen in the microstructure of billet formed by rolling under optical microscope （OM）, but there are equiaxed and platelike grains. Tensile tests and Vickers hardness test indicate that yield strength, tensile strength and microhardness of the samples after forging are higher than those after rolling.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.50878078)
文摘To study the indoor air qualities（IAQ）of large commercial office buildings in Hunan province of China and the corresponding improvement methods,the IAQ of a large commercial office building in Changsha in July,2008,is investigated.A questionnaire survey and field tests are used to collect data.According to the data of twelve rooms in this building,objective evaluation and the subjective evaluation of the IAQ are obtained.Almost all of the environmental parameters in these rooms basically meet the standards of the objective evaluation.But the average concentration of carbon dioxide in most rooms cannot reach the value of the cleanliness standards,1 255 mg/m^3.The average acceptability of the IAQ in these rooms is 71%,which is lower than the value of the ASHRAE 55—1992 standards,80%.The proper increase in the wind speed and the indoor fresh air supply can greatly improve the objective evaluation and the subjective evaluation of the IAQ.
