This review summarizes recent research progress on Poria cocos polysaccharide(PCP)in the areas of anticancer,anti-inflammatory,and antibacterial effects.It focuses on elucidating its mechanisms of action and highlight...This review summarizes recent research progress on Poria cocos polysaccharide(PCP)in the areas of anticancer,anti-inflammatory,and antibacterial effects.It focuses on elucidating its mechanisms of action and highlighting the current limitations in research.This aims to provide a reference for the further development and utilization of PCP.展开更多
Background Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus(PEDV)infection poses a significant challenge to the swine industry,with limited effective control measures available.Poria cocos polysaccharides(PCP)is the primary active ing...Background Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus(PEDV)infection poses a significant challenge to the swine industry,with limited effective control measures available.Poria cocos polysaccharides(PCP)is the primary active ingredient of Poria cocos,and has been demonstrated to show beneficial effects on intestinal damage in previous studies.However,its mechanism has not been fully understood.In the present study,18 seven-day-old piglets were divided into 3 groups:Control group,PEDV group,and PCP+PEDV group.After three days of adaptation,piglets in the PCP+PEDV group were orally administered 10 mg/kg body weight/d PCP from d 4 to 10.On d 8,piglets were orally administered with PEDV at the dose of 104.5 TCID50/piglet.This study aimed to investigate the potential effects of PCP on PEDVinduced intestinal injury and explored the underlying mechanisms.Results The results showed that PCP administration effectively alleviated diarrhea,reduced PEDV replication in the small intestine and colon of piglets,and significantly improved intestinal mucosal morphology.Specifically,PCP increased the villus height in both the jejunum and ileum and increased the villus height to crypt depth ratio in the ileum(P<0.05).Improved intestinal function was further evidenced by elevated plasma D-xylose levels and decreased diamine oxidase activity(P<0.05).Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses revealed that lipid metabolism is a key pathway regulated by PCP during PEDV infection.Notably,PCP significantly upregulated sphingolipid metabolism-related genes,including ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 7 and N-acylsphingosine amidohydrolase 2.Metabolomic analysis revealed that PCP primarily modulated the levels of plasmanylphosphoethanolamine,lysophosphatidylcholine,and carnitine.Additionally,PCP reversed the expression of key genes involved in fatty acid uptake,intracellular lipid transport,and fatty acid synthesis,such as fatty acid binding protein 2,fatty acid transport protein 4,apolipoprotein B,apolipoprotein C3,fatty acid synthase,long-chain fatty acyl CoA synthetase 3,lipoprotein lipase and acyl-CoA thioesterases 12(P<0.05).Conclusions These findings demonstrate that PCP mitigates PEDV-induced intestinal injury by modulating lipid metabolism and highlight its potential as a dietary supplement for enhancing anti-PEDV defenses and promoting intestinal health in piglets.展开更多
This study was conducted to extract pachyman to the greatest degree with ultrasonic technology, and to determine the content of pachyman by the phe-nol-sulfuric acid method, so as to choose the optimal technique of ul...This study was conducted to extract pachyman to the greatest degree with ultrasonic technology, and to determine the content of pachyman by the phe-nol-sulfuric acid method, so as to choose the optimal technique of ultrasonic extrac-tion of pachyman. Firstly, the ultrasonic power, extraction time and solid-to-liquid ra-tio were investigated by ultrasonic extraction method. Then, on this basis, a respon-sible surface experiment was designed, to select the optimal process conditions ac-cording to the index of pachyman yield. The optimized ultrasonic water extraction conditions were as fol ow： ultrasonic power of 100 W, extraction time of 30 min, and solid-to-liquid ratio at 1：40. The Oxford cup method was used to study the an-timicrobial activity of pachyman. lt was found that pachyman could significantly in-hibit Bacilus subtilis_and Staphylococcus aureus.展开更多
Metabolic syndrome characterized by obesity, hyperglycemia and liver steatosis is becoming prevalent all over the world. Herein, a water insoluble polysaccharide(WIP) was isolated and identified from the sclerotium of...Metabolic syndrome characterized by obesity, hyperglycemia and liver steatosis is becoming prevalent all over the world. Herein, a water insoluble polysaccharide(WIP) was isolated and identified from the sclerotium of Poria cocos, a widely used Traditional Chinese Medicine. WIP was confirmed to be a(1-3)-β-D-glucan with an average Mw of 4.486 × 10~6 Da by NMR and SEC-RI-MALLS analyses. Furthermore, oral treatment with WIP from P. cocos significantly improved glucose and lipid metabolism and alleviated hepatic steatosis in ob/ob mice. 16 S DNA sequencing analysis of cecum content from WIP-treated mice indicated the increase of butyrate-producing bacteria Lachnospiracea, Clostridium. It was also observed that WIP treatment elevated the level of butyrate in gut, improved the gut mucosal integrity and activated the intestinal PPAR-γ pathway. Fecal transplantation experiments definitely confirmed the causative role of gut microbiota in mediating the benefits of WIP. It is the first report that the water insoluble polysaccharide from the sclerotium of P. cocos modulates gut microbiota to improve hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia. Thereby, WIP from P. cocos, as a prebiotic, has the potential for the prevention or cure of metabolic diseases and may elucidate new mechanism for the efficacies of this traditional herbal medicine on the regulation of lipid and glucose metabolism.展开更多
A new solvent of cellulose (1.5 mol/L NaOH/0.5 mol/L urea aqueous solution) was used as one of the homogeneous reaction media of polysaccharides for methylation, hydroxyethylation and hydroxypropylation. A water insol...A new solvent of cellulose (1.5 mol/L NaOH/0.5 mol/L urea aqueous solution) was used as one of the homogeneous reaction media of polysaccharides for methylation, hydroxyethylation and hydroxypropylation. A water insoluble β -(1—>3)-D-glucan, sample PCS3- isolated from fresh sclerotium of Poria cocos was sulfated in dimethyl sulfoxide (Me 2 SO), carboxymethylated in NaOH, isopropanol solution, as well as methylated, hydroxyethylated and hydroxypropylated in the new solvent system, respectively, to obtain five water-soluble derivatives coded as S-PCS3- C- PCS3- M-PCS3- HE-PCS3- and HP-PCS3- Their chemical structure and distribution of substitution were characterized by infrared spectroscopy (IR), elementary analysis (EA), 1 H-NMR, 13 C-NMR, 2D-COSY, 2D-TOCSY and 2D- 1 H-detected 1H 13C HMQC spectra. The results reveal that the relative reactivity of hydroxyl groups of the β -(1-?3)-D-glucan is in the order C-6 > C-4 > C-2 on the whole. The substitution of the samples S-PCS3- C-PCS3- and M-PCS3- occurred mainly at C-6 position and secondly at C-4 and C-2 positions, and that of HE-PCS3- occurred at C-6 and C-4 positions and of HP-PCS3- almost completely occurred at C-6 position. The degrees of substitution (DS) obtained from 13 C-NMR range from 0.23 to 1.27. The water solubility of the derivatives is in the order S-PCS3- >C-PCS3- >M-PCS3- >HE-PCS3- >HP-PCS3- This work provides a novel and nonpolluting process for the methylation, hydroxyethylation and hydroxypropylation of β -(1—>3)-D-glucan.展开更多
Poria cocos(Schw.) Wolf, an important medicinal and food fungus, is well known in East Asia. Due to growing market demand, long cultivation period, and consumption of pine trunk during cultivation, developing alternat...Poria cocos(Schw.) Wolf, an important medicinal and food fungus, is well known in East Asia. Due to growing market demand, long cultivation period, and consumption of pine trunk during cultivation, developing alternative methods for producing P. cocos and/or its active components is of interest. In the present study, the effects of different culture methods on biomass and accumulation of four triterpenoids were investigated. The ethanol extract of fermented mycelium(EFM) was orally administered to rats. Urine output and concentrations of electrolytes(Na^+, K^+, and Cl^-) were measured. Our results showed that mycelia grew better under continuous shaking culture condition(7.5 g DW·L^(-1)), and higher triterpenoid levels were accumulated in two-stage culture(112 mg·L-1, 2.03%). The optimal starting time of static culture for triterpenoid yield was 4^(th) d after shaking culture. Single administration of middle and high dose of EFM significantly increased urine output, Na^+ and Cl^- excretion, and Na^+/K^+ ratio. These results suggested that ethanol extract of cultured mycelia showed significant diuretic activity in rats and two-stage culture of P. cocos could be an alternative way to produce mycelia and triterpenoids.展开更多
Mycelium of a cultivated strain of Poria cocos was grown by submerged fermentation in a liquid mediumcontaining corn steep liquor with orbital shaking. Six polysaccharides coded as ac-PCM1, ac-PCM2, ac-PCM3-Ⅰ andⅡ, ...Mycelium of a cultivated strain of Poria cocos was grown by submerged fermentation in a liquid mediumcontaining corn steep liquor with orbital shaking. Six polysaccharides coded as ac-PCM1, ac-PCM2, ac-PCM3-Ⅰ andⅡ, ac-PCM4-Ⅰand Ⅱ were isolated from the myelium by extracting with 0.9% NaCl aqueous solution, hot water, 0.5 mol/L NaOHaqueous solution and 88% formic acid. Exo-polysaccharide was obtained from the culture medium and coded as ac-PCM0.The monosaccharide composition and molecular weights of these polysaccharides were characterized by using infraredspectroscopy, gas chromaography, elemental analysis, ^(13)C-NMR, viscometry and light scattering. The results indicated thatac-PCM0, ac-PCM1 and ac-PCM2 are heteropolysaccharides containing glucose, galactose, mannose and fucose, and ac-PCM3-Ⅰ and ac-PCM3-Ⅱ mainly consist of D-glucose. The content of the glucose in the polysaccharides increased with theisolation progress. Remarkably, α-glucan and β-glucan coexisted in the extract by NaOH aqueous solution (ac-PCM3), andcould be separated by chemical methods. The protein in the ac-PCM polysaccharides cultured from the medium containingcorn steep liquor was higher than that in the ab-PCM from the medium with bran extract. Therefore, the polysaccharidesfrom Poria cocos mycelia cultured in different media have different chemical composition, molecular weights and conformations.展开更多
基金Supported by Daqing Guiding Science and Technology Plan Project(zd-2025-047)2023"Three Vertical"Research Plan Project of Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University(ZRCPY202318)+1 种基金Central Government Supports Local College Reform and Development Fund Talent Training Project(2020GSP16)Heilongjiang Province Key Research and Development Plan Guidance Project(GZ20230021).
文摘This review summarizes recent research progress on Poria cocos polysaccharide(PCP)in the areas of anticancer,anti-inflammatory,and antibacterial effects.It focuses on elucidating its mechanisms of action and highlighting the current limitations in research.This aims to provide a reference for the further development and utilization of PCP.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32172763,U22A20514)the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFD130040302)+1 种基金the Hubei Provincial Key R&D Program(2023BBB040)the Hubei Important Science and Technology Project(2024BBA004).
文摘Background Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus(PEDV)infection poses a significant challenge to the swine industry,with limited effective control measures available.Poria cocos polysaccharides(PCP)is the primary active ingredient of Poria cocos,and has been demonstrated to show beneficial effects on intestinal damage in previous studies.However,its mechanism has not been fully understood.In the present study,18 seven-day-old piglets were divided into 3 groups:Control group,PEDV group,and PCP+PEDV group.After three days of adaptation,piglets in the PCP+PEDV group were orally administered 10 mg/kg body weight/d PCP from d 4 to 10.On d 8,piglets were orally administered with PEDV at the dose of 104.5 TCID50/piglet.This study aimed to investigate the potential effects of PCP on PEDVinduced intestinal injury and explored the underlying mechanisms.Results The results showed that PCP administration effectively alleviated diarrhea,reduced PEDV replication in the small intestine and colon of piglets,and significantly improved intestinal mucosal morphology.Specifically,PCP increased the villus height in both the jejunum and ileum and increased the villus height to crypt depth ratio in the ileum(P<0.05).Improved intestinal function was further evidenced by elevated plasma D-xylose levels and decreased diamine oxidase activity(P<0.05).Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses revealed that lipid metabolism is a key pathway regulated by PCP during PEDV infection.Notably,PCP significantly upregulated sphingolipid metabolism-related genes,including ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 7 and N-acylsphingosine amidohydrolase 2.Metabolomic analysis revealed that PCP primarily modulated the levels of plasmanylphosphoethanolamine,lysophosphatidylcholine,and carnitine.Additionally,PCP reversed the expression of key genes involved in fatty acid uptake,intracellular lipid transport,and fatty acid synthesis,such as fatty acid binding protein 2,fatty acid transport protein 4,apolipoprotein B,apolipoprotein C3,fatty acid synthase,long-chain fatty acyl CoA synthetase 3,lipoprotein lipase and acyl-CoA thioesterases 12(P<0.05).Conclusions These findings demonstrate that PCP mitigates PEDV-induced intestinal injury by modulating lipid metabolism and highlight its potential as a dietary supplement for enhancing anti-PEDV defenses and promoting intestinal health in piglets.
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(2013CFB472)~~
文摘This study was conducted to extract pachyman to the greatest degree with ultrasonic technology, and to determine the content of pachyman by the phe-nol-sulfuric acid method, so as to choose the optimal technique of ultrasonic extrac-tion of pachyman. Firstly, the ultrasonic power, extraction time and solid-to-liquid ra-tio were investigated by ultrasonic extraction method. Then, on this basis, a respon-sible surface experiment was designed, to select the optimal process conditions ac-cording to the index of pachyman yield. The optimized ultrasonic water extraction conditions were as fol ow： ultrasonic power of 100 W, extraction time of 30 min, and solid-to-liquid ratio at 1：40. The Oxford cup method was used to study the an-timicrobial activity of pachyman. lt was found that pachyman could significantly in-hibit Bacilus subtilis_and Staphylococcus aureus.
基金supported by the National Key R&D program of China(No.2018YFD0400203)the Strategic Biological Resources Service Network programme of CAS and Key Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.KFZD-SW-219)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of CAS(No.2014074)
文摘Metabolic syndrome characterized by obesity, hyperglycemia and liver steatosis is becoming prevalent all over the world. Herein, a water insoluble polysaccharide(WIP) was isolated and identified from the sclerotium of Poria cocos, a widely used Traditional Chinese Medicine. WIP was confirmed to be a(1-3)-β-D-glucan with an average Mw of 4.486 × 10~6 Da by NMR and SEC-RI-MALLS analyses. Furthermore, oral treatment with WIP from P. cocos significantly improved glucose and lipid metabolism and alleviated hepatic steatosis in ob/ob mice. 16 S DNA sequencing analysis of cecum content from WIP-treated mice indicated the increase of butyrate-producing bacteria Lachnospiracea, Clostridium. It was also observed that WIP treatment elevated the level of butyrate in gut, improved the gut mucosal integrity and activated the intestinal PPAR-γ pathway. Fecal transplantation experiments definitely confirmed the causative role of gut microbiota in mediating the benefits of WIP. It is the first report that the water insoluble polysaccharide from the sclerotium of P. cocos modulates gut microbiota to improve hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia. Thereby, WIP from P. cocos, as a prebiotic, has the potential for the prevention or cure of metabolic diseases and may elucidate new mechanism for the efficacies of this traditional herbal medicine on the regulation of lipid and glucose metabolism.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 20074025), the Area of Excellence(AoE) on Plant and Fungal Biotechnology Project of the Hong Kong SAR Government and Key Laboratory of Cellulose andLignocellulosic Chemistry of Chinese Academy of Sciences.
文摘A new solvent of cellulose (1.5 mol/L NaOH/0.5 mol/L urea aqueous solution) was used as one of the homogeneous reaction media of polysaccharides for methylation, hydroxyethylation and hydroxypropylation. A water insoluble β -(1—>3)-D-glucan, sample PCS3- isolated from fresh sclerotium of Poria cocos was sulfated in dimethyl sulfoxide (Me 2 SO), carboxymethylated in NaOH, isopropanol solution, as well as methylated, hydroxyethylated and hydroxypropylated in the new solvent system, respectively, to obtain five water-soluble derivatives coded as S-PCS3- C- PCS3- M-PCS3- HE-PCS3- and HP-PCS3- Their chemical structure and distribution of substitution were characterized by infrared spectroscopy (IR), elementary analysis (EA), 1 H-NMR, 13 C-NMR, 2D-COSY, 2D-TOCSY and 2D- 1 H-detected 1H 13C HMQC spectra. The results reveal that the relative reactivity of hydroxyl groups of the β -(1-?3)-D-glucan is in the order C-6 > C-4 > C-2 on the whole. The substitution of the samples S-PCS3- C-PCS3- and M-PCS3- occurred mainly at C-6 position and secondly at C-4 and C-2 positions, and that of HE-PCS3- occurred at C-6 and C-4 positions and of HP-PCS3- almost completely occurred at C-6 position. The degrees of substitution (DS) obtained from 13 C-NMR range from 0.23 to 1.27. The water solubility of the derivatives is in the order S-PCS3- >C-PCS3- >M-PCS3- >HE-PCS3- >HP-PCS3- This work provides a novel and nonpolluting process for the methylation, hydroxyethylation and hydroxypropylation of β -(1—>3)-D-glucan.
基金financially supported by the post-doctoral program of 54~(th) China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2013M541255)Career Development Support Program for Young and Middle-aged Teachers of Shenyang Pharmaceutical University(No.ZQN2015034)+1 种基金the funds from Shenyang Pharmaceutical UniversityKanion Pharmaceutical Co.Ltd
文摘Poria cocos(Schw.) Wolf, an important medicinal and food fungus, is well known in East Asia. Due to growing market demand, long cultivation period, and consumption of pine trunk during cultivation, developing alternative methods for producing P. cocos and/or its active components is of interest. In the present study, the effects of different culture methods on biomass and accumulation of four triterpenoids were investigated. The ethanol extract of fermented mycelium(EFM) was orally administered to rats. Urine output and concentrations of electrolytes(Na^+, K^+, and Cl^-) were measured. Our results showed that mycelia grew better under continuous shaking culture condition(7.5 g DW·L^(-1)), and higher triterpenoid levels were accumulated in two-stage culture(112 mg·L-1, 2.03%). The optimal starting time of static culture for triterpenoid yield was 4^(th) d after shaking culture. Single administration of middle and high dose of EFM significantly increased urine output, Na^+ and Cl^- excretion, and Na^+/K^+ ratio. These results suggested that ethanol extract of cultured mycelia showed significant diuretic activity in rats and two-stage culture of P. cocos could be an alternative way to produce mycelia and triterpenoids.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (20074025), the Area of Excellence (AoE) on Plant and Fungal Biotechnology Project of the Hong Kong Govemment, and Key Laboratory of Cellulose and Lignocellulosics Chemistry of C
文摘Mycelium of a cultivated strain of Poria cocos was grown by submerged fermentation in a liquid mediumcontaining corn steep liquor with orbital shaking. Six polysaccharides coded as ac-PCM1, ac-PCM2, ac-PCM3-Ⅰ andⅡ, ac-PCM4-Ⅰand Ⅱ were isolated from the myelium by extracting with 0.9% NaCl aqueous solution, hot water, 0.5 mol/L NaOHaqueous solution and 88% formic acid. Exo-polysaccharide was obtained from the culture medium and coded as ac-PCM0.The monosaccharide composition and molecular weights of these polysaccharides were characterized by using infraredspectroscopy, gas chromaography, elemental analysis, ^(13)C-NMR, viscometry and light scattering. The results indicated thatac-PCM0, ac-PCM1 and ac-PCM2 are heteropolysaccharides containing glucose, galactose, mannose and fucose, and ac-PCM3-Ⅰ and ac-PCM3-Ⅱ mainly consist of D-glucose. The content of the glucose in the polysaccharides increased with theisolation progress. Remarkably, α-glucan and β-glucan coexisted in the extract by NaOH aqueous solution (ac-PCM3), andcould be separated by chemical methods. The protein in the ac-PCM polysaccharides cultured from the medium containingcorn steep liquor was higher than that in the ab-PCM from the medium with bran extract. Therefore, the polysaccharidesfrom Poria cocos mycelia cultured in different media have different chemical composition, molecular weights and conformations.
