Stimulus-responsive liquid foams have gained much attention for use in various industrial applications.However,it remains challenging to construct such systems with integrated functionality of easy preparation,high st...Stimulus-responsive liquid foams have gained much attention for use in various industrial applications.However,it remains challenging to construct such systems with integrated functionality of easy preparation,high stability,high foaming ability,and rapid on-demand degradation.Herein,by combining the Hofmeister effect and nanotechnology,a promising ultrastable and photoresponsive liquid foam was prepared that had a lifetime of several months and could be destroyed on demand in a few minutes.Specifically,the system was prepared by simply mixing a gelatine solution containing black phosphorus nanosheets(BPNs)and kosmotropic anions in the Hofmeister series with air in one step using only two syringes,and there were no chemical modifications or crosslinking agents required.The kosmotropic anions induced stronger hydrophobic interactions,bundling within molecular chains,and blockage of foam drainage channels,which significantly improved the foaming ability and the lifetime and mechanical properties of the foam.Moreover,rational structure design realized a promising on-demand degradation mechanism via a cascading“light trigger-heat generation-Marangoni flow generation”process occurring on the bubble surfaces.On this basis,the BPNs converted light into thermal energy,which induced Marangoni flow driven by surface tension gradients along the gas-liquid interfaces,and the bubble film ruptured within seconds upon light illumination.The designed stimulus-response systems combined stable,fast and repeatable processes without sacrificing the foaming abilities,thus providing a general way to control the stabilities of foams,bubbles and films.展开更多
Chirality,ubiquitous in living matter,plays vital roles in a series of physiological processes.The clarification of the multiple functions of chirality in bioapplications may provide innovative methodologies for engin...Chirality,ubiquitous in living matter,plays vital roles in a series of physiological processes.The clarification of the multiple functions of chirality in bioapplications may provide innovative methodologies for engineering anti-tumor agents.Nevertheless,the related research has been rarely explored.In this study,the chiral supramolecular l/d-cysteine(Cys)-Zn^(2+)-indocyanine green(ICG)nanoparticles were constructed through the coordination interaction between l/d-Cys and Zn^(2+),followed by the encapsulation of ICG.Experimental findings revealed that the d-Cys-Zn^(2+)-ICG exhibited 17.31 times higher binding affinity toward phospholipid-composed liposomes compared to l-Cys-Zn^(2+)-ICG.Furthermore,driven by chiralityspecific interaction,a 2.07 folds greater cellular internalization of d-Cys-Zn^(2+)-ICG than l-Cys-Zn^(2+)-ICG was demonstrated.Additionally,the triple-level chirality-dependent photothermal,photodynamic and Zn^(2+)releasing anti-tumor effects of l/d Cys-Zn^(2+)-ICG in vitro were verified.As a result,the d-formed nanoparticles achieved 1.93 times higher anti-tumor efficiency than the l-formed ones.The triple-level chirality-mediated anti-tumor effect highlighted in this study underscores the enormous potential of chirality in biomedicine and holds substantial significance in improving cancer therapeutic efficacy.展开更多
Acer paxii belongs to the evergreen species of Acer,but it exhibits a unique feature of reddish leaves in fall in subtropical regions.Although the association of AP2/ERF transcription factors with color change has bee...Acer paxii belongs to the evergreen species of Acer,but it exhibits a unique feature of reddish leaves in fall in subtropical regions.Although the association of AP2/ERF transcription factors with color change has been well-documented in prior research,molecular investigations focusing on AP2/ERF remain notably lacking in Acer paxii.This research focuses on performing an extensive genome-wide investigation to identify and characterize the AP2/ERF gene family in Acer paxii.As a result,123 ApAP2/ERFs were obtained.Phylogenetic analyses categorized the ApAP2/ERF family members into 15 subfamilies.The evolutionary traits of the ApAP2/ERFs were investigated by analyzing their chromosomal locations,conserved proteinmotifs,and gene duplication events.Moreover,investigating gene promoters revealed their potential involvement in developmental regulation,physiological processes,and stress adaptationmechanisms.Measurements of anthocyanin content revealed a notable increase in red leaves during autumn.Utilizing transcriptome data,transcriptomic profiling revealed that the majority of AP2/ERF genes in Acer paxii displayed significant differential expression between red and green leaves during the color-changing period.Furthermore,through qRT-PCR analysis,it was found that the gene expression levels of ApERF006,ApERF014,ApERF048,ApERF097,and ApERF107 were significantly elevated in red leaves.This indicates their potential participation in leaf pigmentation processes.These findings offer significant insights into the biological significance of ApAP2/ERF transcription factors and lay the groundwork for subsequent investigations into their regulatorymechanisms underlying leaf pigmentation in Acer paxii.展开更多
Designing catalysts with high reaction efficiency is essential for reducing heavy metal Cr(VI)ions in wastewater via microwave induction.In this paper,a unique microwave-responsive lychee-like Ni/C/ZnFe_(2)O_(4) compo...Designing catalysts with high reaction efficiency is essential for reducing heavy metal Cr(VI)ions in wastewater via microwave induction.In this paper,a unique microwave-responsive lychee-like Ni/C/ZnFe_(2)O_(4) composite catalyst with a double-shell hollow porous heterojunction structure was constructed for the efficient reduction of Cr(VI).Benefiting from the novel hollow porous structure and“carbon nanocage”structure of the Ni/C/ZnFe_(2)O_(4),coupled with excellent electromagnetic wave absorption ability,the prepared lychee-like Ni/C/ZnFe_(2)O_(4) com-posite catalyst could remove up to 98%of Cr(VI)(50 mg L 1,50 mL)after 40 min of microwave irradiation,even in nearly neutral water conditions.Additionally,density functional theory calculations indicated that the heterojunction interface between Ni/C and ZnFe_(2)O_(4) enhances electron transfer from ZnFe_(2)O_(4) to Ni/C,ultimately facilitating the removal of Cr(VI).Furthermore,the incorporation of Ni/C facilitated the 2 acceleration of H ion transfer to*Cr_(2)O_(7),thereby expediting the conversion kinetics of the latter.This research aims to establish a theoretical and experimental foundation for the effective and stable microwave-assisted catalytic reduction of heavy metal Cr(VI)ions,presenting new insights and methods to combat heavy metal contamination.展开更多
Response speed is one of the most important evaluation criteria for CO2 sensors. In this work, we report an ultrafast CO2 fluorescent sensor based on poly[oligo（ethylene glycol） methyl ether methacrylate]-b-poly[N,N...Response speed is one of the most important evaluation criteria for CO2 sensors. In this work, we report an ultrafast CO2 fluorescent sensor based on poly[oligo（ethylene glycol） methyl ether methacrylate]-b-poly[N,N-diethylaminoethyl methacrylate-r-4-（2- methylacryloyloxyethylamino）-7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole] [POEGMA-b-P（DEAEMA-r-NBDMA）], in which DEAEMA units act as the CO2-responsive segment and 4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-l,3-diazole （NBD） is the chromophore. The micelles composed of this copolymer could disassemble in 2 s upon CO2 bubbling, accompanying with enhanced fluorescence emission with bathochromic shift. Furthermore, the quantum yield of the NBD chromophore increases with both the CO2 aeration time and the NBD content. Thus we attribute the fluorescent enhancement to the inhibition of the photo-induced electron transfer between unprotonated tertiary amine groups and NBD fluorophores. The sensor is durable although it is based on ＂soft＂ materials. These micellar sensors could be facilely recycled by alternative CO2/Ar purging for at least 5 times, indicating good reversibility.展开更多
In the heterogeneous reservoirs,CO_(2) flooding easily leads to CO_(2) gas channeling,which can seriously affect sweeping efficiency and reduce oil recovery.After thoroughly investigating the advantages and shortcomin...In the heterogeneous reservoirs,CO_(2) flooding easily leads to CO_(2) gas channeling,which can seriously affect sweeping efficiency and reduce oil recovery.After thoroughly investigating the advantages and shortcomings of various CO_(2) plugging technologies,this paper focuses on the feasibility of improving conventional water-alternating gas(WAG)through CO_(2)-responsive gel materials.Based on the different chemical reaction mechanisms between the unique chemical structure and CO_(2),changes in the material’s physical and chemical properties can respond to CO_(2).The feasibility of utilizing these property changes for CO_(2)-responsive plugging is explored.Various CO_(2)-responsive gels and gel nanoparticles have been extensively researched in different fields,such as energy,medicine,and biology.This paper surveys the molecular structures,chemical compositions,response mechanisms,and changes of these CO_(2)-responsive gels,aiming to draw insights into the carbon dioxide-enhanced oil recovery(CO_(2)-EOR)field.Finally,the key issues and future development direction of CO_(2)-responsive plugging gels were analyzed.展开更多
Negatively thermo-responsive 2D membranes,which mimic the stomatal opening/closing of plants,have drawn substantial interest for tunable molecular separation processes.However,these membranes are still restricted sign...Negatively thermo-responsive 2D membranes,which mimic the stomatal opening/closing of plants,have drawn substantial interest for tunable molecular separation processes.However,these membranes are still restricted significantly on account of low water permeability and poor dynamic tunability of 2D nanochannels under temperature stimulation.Here,we present a biomimetic negatively thermo-responsive MXene membrane by covalently grafting poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)(PNIPAm)onto MXene nanosheets.The uniformly grafted PNIPAm polymer chains can enlarge the interlayer spacings for increasing water permeability while also allowing more tunability of 2D nanochannels for enhancing the capability of gradually separating multiple molecules of different sizes.As expected,the constructed membrane exhibits ultrahigh water permeance of 95.6 L m^(-2) h^(-1) bar^(-1) at 25℃,which is eight-fold higher than the state-of-the-art negatively thermoresponsive 2D membranes.Moreover,the highly temperature-tunable 2D nanochannels enable the constructed membrane to perform excellent graded molecular sieving for dye-and antibiotic-based ternary mixtures.This strategy provides new perspectives in engineering smart 2D membrane and expands the scope of temperature-responsive membranes,showing promising applications in micro/nanofluidics and molecular separation.展开更多
Background:The mobilization and redistribution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)specific T-cells and neutralizing antibodies(nAbs)during exercise is purported to increase immune surveillan...Background:The mobilization and redistribution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)specific T-cells and neutralizing antibodies(nAbs)during exercise is purported to increase immune surveillance and protect against severe coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).We sought to determine if COVID-19 vaccination would elicit exercise-responsive SARS-CoV-2 T-cells and transiently alter nAb titers.Methods:Eighteen healthy participants completed a 20-min bout of graded cycling exercise before and/or after receiving a COVID-19 vaccine.All major leukocyte subtypes were enumerated before,during,and after exercise by flow cytometry,and immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 were determined using whole blood peptide stimulation assays,T-cell receptor(TCR)-βsequencing,and SARS-CoV-2 nAb serology.Results:COVID-19 vaccination had no effect on the mobilization or egress of major leukocyte subsets in response to intensity-controlled graded exercise.However,non-infected participants had a significantly reduced mobilization of CD4+and CD8+naive T-cells,as well as CD4+central memory T-cells,after vaccination(synthetic immunity group);this was not seen after vaccination in those with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection(hybrid immunity group).Acute exercise after vaccination robustly mobilized SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cells to blood in an intensity-dependent manner.Both groups mobilized T-cells that reacted to spike protein;however,only the hybrid immunity group mobilized T-cells that reacted to membrane and nucleocapsid antigens.nAbs increased significantly during exercise only in the hybrid immunity group.Conclusion:These data indicate that acute exercise mobilizes SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cells that recognize spike protein and increases the redistribution of nAbs in individuals with hybrid immunity.展开更多
Vascular endothelial growth factor and its mimic peptide KLTWQELYQLKYKGI(QK)are widely used as the most potent angiogenic factors for the treatment of multiple ischemic diseases.However,conventional topical drug deliv...Vascular endothelial growth factor and its mimic peptide KLTWQELYQLKYKGI(QK)are widely used as the most potent angiogenic factors for the treatment of multiple ischemic diseases.However,conventional topical drug delivery often results in a burst release of the drug,leading to transient retention(inefficacy)and undesirable diffusion(toxicity)in vivo.Therefore,a drug delivery system that responds to changes in the microenvironment of tissue regeneration and controls vascular endothelial growth factor release is crucial to improve the treatment of ischemic stroke.Matrix metalloproteinase-2(MMP-2)is gradually upregulated after cerebral ischemia.Herein,vascular endothelial growth factor mimic peptide QK was self-assembled with MMP-2-cleaved peptide PLGLAG(TIMP)and customizable peptide amphiphilic(PA)molecules to construct nanofiber hydrogel PA-TIMP-QK.PA-TIMP-QK was found to control the delivery of QK by MMP-2 upregulation after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion and had a similar biological activity with vascular endothelial growth factor in vitro.The results indicated that PA-TIMP-QK promoted neuronal survival,restored local blood circulation,reduced blood-brain barrier permeability,and restored motor function.These findings suggest that the self-assembling nanofiber hydrogel PA-TIMP-QK may provide an intelligent drug delivery system that responds to the microenvironment and promotes regeneration and repair after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.展开更多
基金supported by the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(No.GZB-20230714)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation funded project(No.2023M743387).
文摘Stimulus-responsive liquid foams have gained much attention for use in various industrial applications.However,it remains challenging to construct such systems with integrated functionality of easy preparation,high stability,high foaming ability,and rapid on-demand degradation.Herein,by combining the Hofmeister effect and nanotechnology,a promising ultrastable and photoresponsive liquid foam was prepared that had a lifetime of several months and could be destroyed on demand in a few minutes.Specifically,the system was prepared by simply mixing a gelatine solution containing black phosphorus nanosheets(BPNs)and kosmotropic anions in the Hofmeister series with air in one step using only two syringes,and there were no chemical modifications or crosslinking agents required.The kosmotropic anions induced stronger hydrophobic interactions,bundling within molecular chains,and blockage of foam drainage channels,which significantly improved the foaming ability and the lifetime and mechanical properties of the foam.Moreover,rational structure design realized a promising on-demand degradation mechanism via a cascading“light trigger-heat generation-Marangoni flow generation”process occurring on the bubble surfaces.On this basis,the BPNs converted light into thermal energy,which induced Marangoni flow driven by surface tension gradients along the gas-liquid interfaces,and the bubble film ruptured within seconds upon light illumination.The designed stimulus-response systems combined stable,fast and repeatable processes without sacrificing the foaming abilities,thus providing a general way to control the stabilities of foams,bubbles and films.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22002138,22372144,22272146,21922202)the Chinese Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2021M692714)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions.
文摘Chirality,ubiquitous in living matter,plays vital roles in a series of physiological processes.The clarification of the multiple functions of chirality in bioapplications may provide innovative methodologies for engineering anti-tumor agents.Nevertheless,the related research has been rarely explored.In this study,the chiral supramolecular l/d-cysteine(Cys)-Zn^(2+)-indocyanine green(ICG)nanoparticles were constructed through the coordination interaction between l/d-Cys and Zn^(2+),followed by the encapsulation of ICG.Experimental findings revealed that the d-Cys-Zn^(2+)-ICG exhibited 17.31 times higher binding affinity toward phospholipid-composed liposomes compared to l-Cys-Zn^(2+)-ICG.Furthermore,driven by chiralityspecific interaction,a 2.07 folds greater cellular internalization of d-Cys-Zn^(2+)-ICG than l-Cys-Zn^(2+)-ICG was demonstrated.Additionally,the triple-level chirality-dependent photothermal,photodynamic and Zn^(2+)releasing anti-tumor effects of l/d Cys-Zn^(2+)-ICG in vitro were verified.As a result,the d-formed nanoparticles achieved 1.93 times higher anti-tumor efficiency than the l-formed ones.The triple-level chirality-mediated anti-tumor effect highlighted in this study underscores the enormous potential of chirality in biomedicine and holds substantial significance in improving cancer therapeutic efficacy.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant numbers 32271914 and 32301660]the Quality Engineering Project of Anhui Provincial Department of Education[grant number 2023zygzts007].
文摘Acer paxii belongs to the evergreen species of Acer,but it exhibits a unique feature of reddish leaves in fall in subtropical regions.Although the association of AP2/ERF transcription factors with color change has been well-documented in prior research,molecular investigations focusing on AP2/ERF remain notably lacking in Acer paxii.This research focuses on performing an extensive genome-wide investigation to identify and characterize the AP2/ERF gene family in Acer paxii.As a result,123 ApAP2/ERFs were obtained.Phylogenetic analyses categorized the ApAP2/ERF family members into 15 subfamilies.The evolutionary traits of the ApAP2/ERFs were investigated by analyzing their chromosomal locations,conserved proteinmotifs,and gene duplication events.Moreover,investigating gene promoters revealed their potential involvement in developmental regulation,physiological processes,and stress adaptationmechanisms.Measurements of anthocyanin content revealed a notable increase in red leaves during autumn.Utilizing transcriptome data,transcriptomic profiling revealed that the majority of AP2/ERF genes in Acer paxii displayed significant differential expression between red and green leaves during the color-changing period.Furthermore,through qRT-PCR analysis,it was found that the gene expression levels of ApERF006,ApERF014,ApERF048,ApERF097,and ApERF107 were significantly elevated in red leaves.This indicates their potential participation in leaf pigmentation processes.These findings offer significant insights into the biological significance of ApAP2/ERF transcription factors and lay the groundwork for subsequent investigations into their regulatorymechanisms underlying leaf pigmentation in Acer paxii.
基金financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52272021,52232002 and U23A20559)Natural Science Foundation of Wuhan(2024040701010051)+1 种基金Program for Innovative Teams of Outstanding Young and Middle-aged Researchers in the Higher Education Institutions of Hubei Province(T201602)The work was supported by the Open Fund of the Key Laboratory of Mineral Metallurgical Resources Utilization and Pollution Control,Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of China(No.HB202402)。
文摘Designing catalysts with high reaction efficiency is essential for reducing heavy metal Cr(VI)ions in wastewater via microwave induction.In this paper,a unique microwave-responsive lychee-like Ni/C/ZnFe_(2)O_(4) composite catalyst with a double-shell hollow porous heterojunction structure was constructed for the efficient reduction of Cr(VI).Benefiting from the novel hollow porous structure and“carbon nanocage”structure of the Ni/C/ZnFe_(2)O_(4),coupled with excellent electromagnetic wave absorption ability,the prepared lychee-like Ni/C/ZnFe_(2)O_(4) com-posite catalyst could remove up to 98%of Cr(VI)(50 mg L 1,50 mL)after 40 min of microwave irradiation,even in nearly neutral water conditions.Additionally,density functional theory calculations indicated that the heterojunction interface between Ni/C and ZnFe_(2)O_(4) enhances electron transfer from ZnFe_(2)O_(4) to Ni/C,ultimately facilitating the removal of Cr(VI).Furthermore,the incorporation of Ni/C facilitated the 2 acceleration of H ion transfer to*Cr_(2)O_(7),thereby expediting the conversion kinetics of the latter.This research aims to establish a theoretical and experimental foundation for the effective and stable microwave-assisted catalytic reduction of heavy metal Cr(VI)ions,presenting new insights and methods to combat heavy metal contamination.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 51573086 and 21374058)the Opening Project of State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering (Sichuan University) (No. sklpme2014-4-26)
文摘Response speed is one of the most important evaluation criteria for CO2 sensors. In this work, we report an ultrafast CO2 fluorescent sensor based on poly[oligo（ethylene glycol） methyl ether methacrylate]-b-poly[N,N-diethylaminoethyl methacrylate-r-4-（2- methylacryloyloxyethylamino）-7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole] [POEGMA-b-P（DEAEMA-r-NBDMA）], in which DEAEMA units act as the CO2-responsive segment and 4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-l,3-diazole （NBD） is the chromophore. The micelles composed of this copolymer could disassemble in 2 s upon CO2 bubbling, accompanying with enhanced fluorescence emission with bathochromic shift. Furthermore, the quantum yield of the NBD chromophore increases with both the CO2 aeration time and the NBD content. Thus we attribute the fluorescent enhancement to the inhibition of the photo-induced electron transfer between unprotonated tertiary amine groups and NBD fluorophores. The sensor is durable although it is based on ＂soft＂ materials. These micellar sensors could be facilely recycled by alternative CO2/Ar purging for at least 5 times, indicating good reversibility.
基金Supported by the Open Fund Project of Hubei Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Drilling and Production Engineering(YQZC202105)Yangtze University Student Innovation Program(Yz2022018).
文摘In the heterogeneous reservoirs,CO_(2) flooding easily leads to CO_(2) gas channeling,which can seriously affect sweeping efficiency and reduce oil recovery.After thoroughly investigating the advantages and shortcomings of various CO_(2) plugging technologies,this paper focuses on the feasibility of improving conventional water-alternating gas(WAG)through CO_(2)-responsive gel materials.Based on the different chemical reaction mechanisms between the unique chemical structure and CO_(2),changes in the material’s physical and chemical properties can respond to CO_(2).The feasibility of utilizing these property changes for CO_(2)-responsive plugging is explored.Various CO_(2)-responsive gels and gel nanoparticles have been extensively researched in different fields,such as energy,medicine,and biology.This paper surveys the molecular structures,chemical compositions,response mechanisms,and changes of these CO_(2)-responsive gels,aiming to draw insights into the carbon dioxide-enhanced oil recovery(CO_(2)-EOR)field.Finally,the key issues and future development direction of CO_(2)-responsive plugging gels were analyzed.
基金supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(No.22278179,U23A20688)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFB3802600)+3 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(JUSRP622035)National First-Class Discipline Program of Light Industry Technology and Engineering(LIFE2018-19)MOE&SAFEA for the 111 Project(B13025)Natural Science Foundation of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2022D01D030).
文摘Negatively thermo-responsive 2D membranes,which mimic the stomatal opening/closing of plants,have drawn substantial interest for tunable molecular separation processes.However,these membranes are still restricted significantly on account of low water permeability and poor dynamic tunability of 2D nanochannels under temperature stimulation.Here,we present a biomimetic negatively thermo-responsive MXene membrane by covalently grafting poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)(PNIPAm)onto MXene nanosheets.The uniformly grafted PNIPAm polymer chains can enlarge the interlayer spacings for increasing water permeability while also allowing more tunability of 2D nanochannels for enhancing the capability of gradually separating multiple molecules of different sizes.As expected,the constructed membrane exhibits ultrahigh water permeance of 95.6 L m^(-2) h^(-1) bar^(-1) at 25℃,which is eight-fold higher than the state-of-the-art negatively thermoresponsive 2D membranes.Moreover,the highly temperature-tunable 2D nanochannels enable the constructed membrane to perform excellent graded molecular sieving for dye-and antibiotic-based ternary mixtures.This strategy provides new perspectives in engineering smart 2D membrane and expands the scope of temperature-responsive membranes,showing promising applications in micro/nanofluidics and molecular separation.
文摘Background:The mobilization and redistribution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)specific T-cells and neutralizing antibodies(nAbs)during exercise is purported to increase immune surveillance and protect against severe coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).We sought to determine if COVID-19 vaccination would elicit exercise-responsive SARS-CoV-2 T-cells and transiently alter nAb titers.Methods:Eighteen healthy participants completed a 20-min bout of graded cycling exercise before and/or after receiving a COVID-19 vaccine.All major leukocyte subtypes were enumerated before,during,and after exercise by flow cytometry,and immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 were determined using whole blood peptide stimulation assays,T-cell receptor(TCR)-βsequencing,and SARS-CoV-2 nAb serology.Results:COVID-19 vaccination had no effect on the mobilization or egress of major leukocyte subsets in response to intensity-controlled graded exercise.However,non-infected participants had a significantly reduced mobilization of CD4+and CD8+naive T-cells,as well as CD4+central memory T-cells,after vaccination(synthetic immunity group);this was not seen after vaccination in those with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection(hybrid immunity group).Acute exercise after vaccination robustly mobilized SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cells to blood in an intensity-dependent manner.Both groups mobilized T-cells that reacted to spike protein;however,only the hybrid immunity group mobilized T-cells that reacted to membrane and nucleocapsid antigens.nAbs increased significantly during exercise only in the hybrid immunity group.Conclusion:These data indicate that acute exercise mobilizes SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cells that recognize spike protein and increases the redistribution of nAbs in individuals with hybrid immunity.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,No.ZR2023MC168the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.31670989the Key R&D Program of Shandong Province,No.2019GSF107037(all to CS).
文摘Vascular endothelial growth factor and its mimic peptide KLTWQELYQLKYKGI(QK)are widely used as the most potent angiogenic factors for the treatment of multiple ischemic diseases.However,conventional topical drug delivery often results in a burst release of the drug,leading to transient retention(inefficacy)and undesirable diffusion(toxicity)in vivo.Therefore,a drug delivery system that responds to changes in the microenvironment of tissue regeneration and controls vascular endothelial growth factor release is crucial to improve the treatment of ischemic stroke.Matrix metalloproteinase-2(MMP-2)is gradually upregulated after cerebral ischemia.Herein,vascular endothelial growth factor mimic peptide QK was self-assembled with MMP-2-cleaved peptide PLGLAG(TIMP)and customizable peptide amphiphilic(PA)molecules to construct nanofiber hydrogel PA-TIMP-QK.PA-TIMP-QK was found to control the delivery of QK by MMP-2 upregulation after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion and had a similar biological activity with vascular endothelial growth factor in vitro.The results indicated that PA-TIMP-QK promoted neuronal survival,restored local blood circulation,reduced blood-brain barrier permeability,and restored motor function.These findings suggest that the self-assembling nanofiber hydrogel PA-TIMP-QK may provide an intelligent drug delivery system that responds to the microenvironment and promotes regeneration and repair after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.
