Global water scarcity and pollution present critical challenges for human society.Solar-driven wastewater treatments,such as photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants and photothermal conversion water evaporati...Global water scarcity and pollution present critical challenges for human society.Solar-driven wastewater treatments,such as photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants and photothermal conversion water evaporation,offer promising solutions.TiO_(2)has garnered extensive attention in these fields,but its large bandgap limits light absorption,affecting its performance and broader applications in energy and environmental fields.Consequently,modifying TiO_(2)to improve its photocatalytic and photothermal conversion performance has become a research hotspot.Among various modification strategies,self-doping with Ti^(3+)and oxygen vacancies can reduce the bandgap of TiO_(2),improve sunlight utilization,and increase the separation efficiency of photogenerated electron-hole pairs,thereby significantly enhancing the photocatalytic and photothermal conversion performance.This review focuses on the inorganic chemical reduction methods for preparing Ti^(3+)/oxygen vacancies self-doped TiO_(2)and their current applications in solar-driven photothermal conversion water evaporation.It highlights the challenges faced during synthesis and application while offering insights into future development prospects.This review is expected to provide a valuable reference for further research on the preparation and application of Ti^(3+)/oxygen vacancies self-doped TiO_(2).展开更多
To address the challenge that plasticity and strength cannot be synergistically enhanced in 30CrMnSiNi_(2)A fabricated by laser additive manufacturing,high performance samples were fabricated by laser powder bed fusio...To address the challenge that plasticity and strength cannot be synergistically enhanced in 30CrMnSiNi_(2)A fabricated by laser additive manufacturing,high performance samples were fabricated by laser powder bed fusion(LPBF)using the transformation-induced plasticity(TRIP)effect in this study.The optimization of the volumetric energy density(VED)resulted in an increase of the residual austenite(RA)content from 5.5%to 12.7%.Meanwhile,the martensite/austenite(M/A)island content was increased from 10.35%to 39.05%,and the morphology was transitioned from blocky to filmy structure.The phase transition during cooling triggered a competition between pre-martensite and bainite,which reduced the average grain size of the sample to 1.58μm.In addition,the elevated VED promoted the formation of fine carbides during the decomposition of M/A islands,triggering the Orowan effect,which effectively hindered dislocation motion.These microstructural enhancements obtained excellent tensile strength(1566±5.9 MPa)and elongation(14.7%±0.8%).The fracture morphology exhibited a combination of transgranular quasi-cleavage and ductile dimple fractures,indicating a balanced plasticity-strength synergy.This work demonstrates the potential of LPBF for manufacturing 30CrMnSiNi_(2)A components with intricate designs and superior mechanical properties.展开更多
Engineering the pore structure of biomass-derived activated carbons is critical for optimizing their performance in adsorptionbased applications.This study demonstrates for the first time that washing hydrochars in so...Engineering the pore structure of biomass-derived activated carbons is critical for optimizing their performance in adsorptionbased applications.This study demonstrates for the first time that washing hydrochars in solvents of different polarity before activation is a simple yet powerful strategy to tailor pore size distribution.Hydrochar is produced from spent coffee grounds via hydrothermal carbonization,followed by washing in various solvents and activation in KOH.This results in carbons with a very large surface area(~2700 m^(2)/g),and washing is demonstrated to significantly increase product yield.Furthermore,washing in non-polar or mixed-polarity solvents removes long-chain carboxylic acids and esters from the hydrochar,promoting the development of narrow micropores while suppressing mesopore formation.To illustrate the impact of this structural control of porous carbons,post-combustion CO_(2)capture is investigated as a case study.Narrower pore size distribution enhances CO_(2)uptake,significantly improving capacity from 2.8 mmol/g for unwashed samples to 3.8 mmol/g for acetone-washed samples.Interestingly,moderate pore size(9-12Å)is shown to be optimal for CO_(2):N2 selectivity,while smaller pores result in lower selectivity due to stronger interactions between N2 and the pore walls.These findings highlight the potential role of solvent washing in directing pore architecture of hydrochars for adsorption-based carbon capture technologies and beyond.展开更多
Ecological experiments were conducted to examine the effects of seawater containing elevated par- tial pressure of carbon dioxide （p CO2 800 × 10 -6 , 2 000 × 10 -6 , 5 000 × 10 -6 and 10 000 × 10...Ecological experiments were conducted to examine the effects of seawater containing elevated par- tial pressure of carbon dioxide （p CO2 800 × 10 -6 , 2 000 × 10 -6 , 5 000 × 10 -6 and 10 000 × 10 -6 ） on the survival and reproduction of female Acartia pacifica, Acartia spinicauda, Calanus sinicus and Centropages tenuiremis, which are the dominant copepods in the southern coastal waters of China. The results show that the effects of elevated p CO2 on the survival rates of copepods were species-specific. C. sinicus, which was a macro-copepod, had a higher survival rate （62.01%–71.96%） than the other three species （5.00%–26.67%） during the eight day exposure. The egg production rates of C. sinicus, A. spinicauda and C. tenuiremis were significantly inhibited by the increased p CO2 and the exposure time duration. There were significantly negative impacts on the egg hatching success of A. spinicauda and C. tenuiremis in the p CO2 2 000 × 10 -6 and 10 000 × 10 -6 groups, and, in addition, the exposure time had noticeably impacts on these rates too. This study indicates that the reproductive performances of copepods were sensitive to elevated p CO2 , and that the response of different copepod species to acidified seawater was different. Furthermore, the synergistic effects of seawater acidification and climate change or other pollutant stresses on organisms should be given more attention.展开更多
基金support from the Research Foundation for Talented Scholars of Linyi University(Z6122010).
文摘Global water scarcity and pollution present critical challenges for human society.Solar-driven wastewater treatments,such as photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants and photothermal conversion water evaporation,offer promising solutions.TiO_(2)has garnered extensive attention in these fields,but its large bandgap limits light absorption,affecting its performance and broader applications in energy and environmental fields.Consequently,modifying TiO_(2)to improve its photocatalytic and photothermal conversion performance has become a research hotspot.Among various modification strategies,self-doping with Ti^(3+)and oxygen vacancies can reduce the bandgap of TiO_(2),improve sunlight utilization,and increase the separation efficiency of photogenerated electron-hole pairs,thereby significantly enhancing the photocatalytic and photothermal conversion performance.This review focuses on the inorganic chemical reduction methods for preparing Ti^(3+)/oxygen vacancies self-doped TiO_(2)and their current applications in solar-driven photothermal conversion water evaporation.It highlights the challenges faced during synthesis and application while offering insights into future development prospects.This review is expected to provide a valuable reference for further research on the preparation and application of Ti^(3+)/oxygen vacancies self-doped TiO_(2).
基金supported by the Sichuan Science and Technology Program(No.2023ZYD0285).
文摘To address the challenge that plasticity and strength cannot be synergistically enhanced in 30CrMnSiNi_(2)A fabricated by laser additive manufacturing,high performance samples were fabricated by laser powder bed fusion(LPBF)using the transformation-induced plasticity(TRIP)effect in this study.The optimization of the volumetric energy density(VED)resulted in an increase of the residual austenite(RA)content from 5.5%to 12.7%.Meanwhile,the martensite/austenite(M/A)island content was increased from 10.35%to 39.05%,and the morphology was transitioned from blocky to filmy structure.The phase transition during cooling triggered a competition between pre-martensite and bainite,which reduced the average grain size of the sample to 1.58μm.In addition,the elevated VED promoted the formation of fine carbides during the decomposition of M/A islands,triggering the Orowan effect,which effectively hindered dislocation motion.These microstructural enhancements obtained excellent tensile strength(1566±5.9 MPa)and elongation(14.7%±0.8%).The fracture morphology exhibited a combination of transgranular quasi-cleavage and ductile dimple fractures,indicating a balanced plasticity-strength synergy.This work demonstrates the potential of LPBF for manufacturing 30CrMnSiNi_(2)A components with intricate designs and superior mechanical properties.
基金supported by JST,grant number JPMJFS2132JST SPRING,grant number JPMJSP2136by an external research grant from Mitsubishi Fuso Truck&Bus Corporation。
文摘Engineering the pore structure of biomass-derived activated carbons is critical for optimizing their performance in adsorptionbased applications.This study demonstrates for the first time that washing hydrochars in solvents of different polarity before activation is a simple yet powerful strategy to tailor pore size distribution.Hydrochar is produced from spent coffee grounds via hydrothermal carbonization,followed by washing in various solvents and activation in KOH.This results in carbons with a very large surface area(~2700 m^(2)/g),and washing is demonstrated to significantly increase product yield.Furthermore,washing in non-polar or mixed-polarity solvents removes long-chain carboxylic acids and esters from the hydrochar,promoting the development of narrow micropores while suppressing mesopore formation.To illustrate the impact of this structural control of porous carbons,post-combustion CO_(2)capture is investigated as a case study.Narrower pore size distribution enhances CO_(2)uptake,significantly improving capacity from 2.8 mmol/g for unwashed samples to 3.8 mmol/g for acetone-washed samples.Interestingly,moderate pore size(9-12Å)is shown to be optimal for CO_(2):N2 selectivity,while smaller pores result in lower selectivity due to stronger interactions between N2 and the pore walls.These findings highlight the potential role of solvent washing in directing pore architecture of hydrochars for adsorption-based carbon capture technologies and beyond.
基金The State Oceanic Administration Foundation of China under contract No.200805029
文摘Ecological experiments were conducted to examine the effects of seawater containing elevated par- tial pressure of carbon dioxide （p CO2 800 × 10 -6 , 2 000 × 10 -6 , 5 000 × 10 -6 and 10 000 × 10 -6 ） on the survival and reproduction of female Acartia pacifica, Acartia spinicauda, Calanus sinicus and Centropages tenuiremis, which are the dominant copepods in the southern coastal waters of China. The results show that the effects of elevated p CO2 on the survival rates of copepods were species-specific. C. sinicus, which was a macro-copepod, had a higher survival rate （62.01%–71.96%） than the other three species （5.00%–26.67%） during the eight day exposure. The egg production rates of C. sinicus, A. spinicauda and C. tenuiremis were significantly inhibited by the increased p CO2 and the exposure time duration. There were significantly negative impacts on the egg hatching success of A. spinicauda and C. tenuiremis in the p CO2 2 000 × 10 -6 and 10 000 × 10 -6 groups, and, in addition, the exposure time had noticeably impacts on these rates too. This study indicates that the reproductive performances of copepods were sensitive to elevated p CO2 , and that the response of different copepod species to acidified seawater was different. Furthermore, the synergistic effects of seawater acidification and climate change or other pollutant stresses on organisms should be given more attention.
