Genomic disorders affecting the central nervous system(CNS)are among the most complex and devastating conditions in human health.Moreover,these disorders,such as Rett syndrome,spinal muscular atrophy,and Fragile X syn...Genomic disorders affecting the central nervous system(CNS)are among the most complex and devastating conditions in human health.Moreover,these disorders,such as Rett syndrome,spinal muscular atrophy,and Fragile X syndrome,are typically caused by mutations in genes essential for neural development,synaptic function,or cellular homeostasis.Despite the genetic diversity involved,these diseases share key pathological features,including progressive neurodegeneration,disruption of neural circuits,and loss of cognitive or motor function.Meanwhile,one of the significant clinical challenges in treating CNS disorders is the limited regenerative capacity of the adult nervous system,which makes reversing disease progression extremely difficult once symptoms appear.In addition,the blood-brain barrier(BBB)restricts the passage of most systemically administered therapeutics,further complicating effective intervention.Consequently,current treatment options remain largely palliative,and effective cures remain elusive.展开更多
针对锚固节理岩体在恒定法向刚度(constant normal stiffness,CNS)条件下剪切特性与破坏机制研究不足的问题,基于离散元模拟构建了锚固节理岩体数值模型,开展了系统的数值剪切实验。通过改变法向刚度、结构面粗糙度系数(joint surface r...针对锚固节理岩体在恒定法向刚度(constant normal stiffness,CNS)条件下剪切特性与破坏机制研究不足的问题,基于离散元模拟构建了锚固节理岩体数值模型,开展了系统的数值剪切实验。通过改变法向刚度、结构面粗糙度系数(joint surface roughness coefficient,JRC)、初始法向应力和锚杆弹性模量4个关键参数,探讨其对岩体剪切应力应变特征、法向应力演化、法向位移行为及内力响应的影响。结果表明:法向刚度对剪切应力应变曲线具有多阶段调控作用;JRC与峰值剪切应力呈近似指数关系,并显著影响法向应力的双阶段演化过程及法向位移曲线特征;初始法向应力调控剪切过程中的多阶段强度表现及法向位移的发展时序;锚杆弹性模量对峰值剪切应力具有非线性调控效应,低弹性模量强化效应平缓,高弹性模量则显著提升剪切应力,且其内力响应规律符合Boltzmann模型描述。研究揭示了CNS条件下多因素协同作用对锚固岩体剪切行为的影响机制,为岩土工程中锚固参数的合理选取与稳定性控制提供了理论支撑。展开更多
CNS(Cell、Nature、Science)三大顶级期刊是全球基础研究水平的重要风向标,其发文结构体现了国际科研力量格局与前沿方向的演进。本文基于Web of Science与InCites平台,对2015~2024年CNS发表的Article论文进行统计分析,从发文国别、科...CNS(Cell、Nature、Science)三大顶级期刊是全球基础研究水平的重要风向标,其发文结构体现了国际科研力量格局与前沿方向的演进。本文基于Web of Science与InCites平台,对2015~2024年CNS发表的Article论文进行统计分析,从发文国别、科研城市、学科结构、研究热点、国际合作以及作者特征等维度刻画全球基础研究趋势。结果显示:美国仍保持主导地位,但占比呈下降趋势;中国发文量快速增长,在材料科学、物理学等领域表现突出,但在生命科学、健康相关领域仍存在结构性短板。研究热点呈现向人工智能、病毒学、核酸化学、二维材料等方向聚集的趋势,国际合作规模持续扩大。基于此,本文提出加强原创性研究布局、优化青年科研人才支持体系、提升跨国与跨部门协同能力等政策建议。展开更多
Multiple sclerosis is a chronic companied by demyelination inflammatory disease that is ac- and axonal damage resulting in neurological deficits. Remyelination is the natural endogenous repair mechanism of demyelinate...Multiple sclerosis is a chronic companied by demyelination inflammatory disease that is ac- and axonal damage resulting in neurological deficits. Remyelination is the natural endogenous repair mechanism of demyelinated axons and it is supposed to protect axons/neurons from degeneration and thus the patient from progressive disability （Franklin and Ffrench-Constant, 2008）. Current therapeutics for patients with multiple sclerosis are to some extent very effective in inhibiting neuroinflamma- tion and demyelination. However, to date there are no substanc- es available that can enhance remyelination. Remyelination is the result of recruitment/proliferation of new oligodendrocyte precursor cells （OPC） and differentiation into mature myelin producing oligodendrocytes （Franklin and Ffrench-Constant, 2008）. These processes are supported by many factors and signals and failure at any stage might lead to repair failure. Strategies to enhance myelin repair are either the promotion of endogenous repair mechanisms via modulation of OPC prolif- eration and oligodendrocyte differentiation or the transplantion of myelinating cells into lesions. Due to the multiloculated pro- cess in multiple sclerosis and the ethical problems with the cell source, the latter is less favoured. The endogenous promotion of remvelination could be achieved by several approaches such as：展开更多
In the mammalian central nervous system(CNS),astrocytes are the ubiquitous glial cells that have complex morphological and molecular characteristics.These fascinating cells play essential neurosupportive and homeostat...In the mammalian central nervous system(CNS),astrocytes are the ubiquitous glial cells that have complex morphological and molecular characteristics.These fascinating cells play essential neurosupportive and homeostatic roles in the healthy CNS and undergo morphological,molecular,and functional changes to adopt so-called‘reactive’states in response to CNS injury or disease.In recent years,interest in astrocyte research has increased dramatically and some new biological features and roles of astrocytes in physiological and pathological conditions have been discovered thanks to technological advances.Here,we will review and discuss the wellestablished and emerging astroglial biology and functions,with emphasis on their potential as therapeutic targets for CNS injury,including traumatic and ischemic injury.This review article will highlight the importance of astrocytes in the neuropathological process and repair of CNS injury.展开更多
Microglia have been recognized as a unique cell population in the central nervous system(CNS)for more than a century[1].However,it was not until 2010 that their developmental origin was clarified.Rather than arising f...Microglia have been recognized as a unique cell population in the central nervous system(CNS)for more than a century[1].However,it was not until 2010 that their developmental origin was clarified.Rather than arising from the neuroectoderm,microglia are derived from erythromyeloid progenitors in the embryonic yolk sac[2].展开更多
为了研究通信导航监视(communicatio,navigation and surveillance,CNS)下的定位误差和纵向碰撞风险及其影响因素,在Reich模型的基础上,分析通信、导航和监视误差,推导出平行航路纵向重叠概率的计算公式.据此建立了基于CNS性能的平行航...为了研究通信导航监视(communicatio,navigation and surveillance,CNS)下的定位误差和纵向碰撞风险及其影响因素,在Reich模型的基础上,分析通信、导航和监视误差,推导出平行航路纵向重叠概率的计算公式.据此建立了基于CNS性能的平行航路纵向碰撞风险评估模型.算例表明,所给定的平行航路在RCP400、RNP10和RSP20条件下,碰撞风险为3.0×10-10,达到国际民航组织安全目标水平的要求.评估模型是可行的.展开更多
基金the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korea government(MSIT)(RS-2024-00344633)HYC acknowledges the financial support from the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korea government(MSIT)(RS-2023-00211360)Biomaterials Specialized Graduate Program through the Korea Environmental Industry&Technology Institute(KEITI)funded by the Ministry of Environment(MOE).
文摘Genomic disorders affecting the central nervous system(CNS)are among the most complex and devastating conditions in human health.Moreover,these disorders,such as Rett syndrome,spinal muscular atrophy,and Fragile X syndrome,are typically caused by mutations in genes essential for neural development,synaptic function,or cellular homeostasis.Despite the genetic diversity involved,these diseases share key pathological features,including progressive neurodegeneration,disruption of neural circuits,and loss of cognitive or motor function.Meanwhile,one of the significant clinical challenges in treating CNS disorders is the limited regenerative capacity of the adult nervous system,which makes reversing disease progression extremely difficult once symptoms appear.In addition,the blood-brain barrier(BBB)restricts the passage of most systemically administered therapeutics,further complicating effective intervention.Consequently,current treatment options remain largely palliative,and effective cures remain elusive.
文摘CNS(Cell、Nature、Science)三大顶级期刊是全球基础研究水平的重要风向标,其发文结构体现了国际科研力量格局与前沿方向的演进。本文基于Web of Science与InCites平台,对2015~2024年CNS发表的Article论文进行统计分析,从发文国别、科研城市、学科结构、研究热点、国际合作以及作者特征等维度刻画全球基础研究趋势。结果显示:美国仍保持主导地位,但占比呈下降趋势;中国发文量快速增长,在材料科学、物理学等领域表现突出,但在生命科学、健康相关领域仍存在结构性短板。研究热点呈现向人工智能、病毒学、核酸化学、二维材料等方向聚集的趋势,国际合作规模持续扩大。基于此,本文提出加强原创性研究布局、优化青年科研人才支持体系、提升跨国与跨部门协同能力等政策建议。
文摘Multiple sclerosis is a chronic companied by demyelination inflammatory disease that is ac- and axonal damage resulting in neurological deficits. Remyelination is the natural endogenous repair mechanism of demyelinated axons and it is supposed to protect axons/neurons from degeneration and thus the patient from progressive disability （Franklin and Ffrench-Constant, 2008）. Current therapeutics for patients with multiple sclerosis are to some extent very effective in inhibiting neuroinflamma- tion and demyelination. However, to date there are no substanc- es available that can enhance remyelination. Remyelination is the result of recruitment/proliferation of new oligodendrocyte precursor cells （OPC） and differentiation into mature myelin producing oligodendrocytes （Franklin and Ffrench-Constant, 2008）. These processes are supported by many factors and signals and failure at any stage might lead to repair failure. Strategies to enhance myelin repair are either the promotion of endogenous repair mechanisms via modulation of OPC prolif- eration and oligodendrocyte differentiation or the transplantion of myelinating cells into lesions. Due to the multiloculated pro- cess in multiple sclerosis and the ethical problems with the cell source, the latter is less favoured. The endogenous promotion of remvelination could be achieved by several approaches such as：
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82171386,81971161,and 82201536)the Shanghai Science and Technology Development Foundation(22YF1458600)+1 种基金the Scientifc Foundation from Naval Medical University(2021QN08)the STI2030-Major Projects from Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2022ZD0204700).
文摘In the mammalian central nervous system(CNS),astrocytes are the ubiquitous glial cells that have complex morphological and molecular characteristics.These fascinating cells play essential neurosupportive and homeostatic roles in the healthy CNS and undergo morphological,molecular,and functional changes to adopt so-called‘reactive’states in response to CNS injury or disease.In recent years,interest in astrocyte research has increased dramatically and some new biological features and roles of astrocytes in physiological and pathological conditions have been discovered thanks to technological advances.Here,we will review and discuss the wellestablished and emerging astroglial biology and functions,with emphasis on their potential as therapeutic targets for CNS injury,including traumatic and ischemic injury.This review article will highlight the importance of astrocytes in the neuropathological process and repair of CNS injury.
基金supported in part by National Science and Technology Major Project of National Health Commission of China(2023ZD0520300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32130037 and 32370953)the Tsinghua University Initiative Scientific Research Program,SXMU-Tsinghua Collaborative Innovation Center for Frontier Medicine and the Research Fund of Vanke School of Public Health,Tsinghua University.H.Q.is a New Cornerstone Investigator.
文摘Microglia have been recognized as a unique cell population in the central nervous system(CNS)for more than a century[1].However,it was not until 2010 that their developmental origin was clarified.Rather than arising from the neuroectoderm,microglia are derived from erythromyeloid progenitors in the embryonic yolk sac[2].
文摘为了研究通信导航监视(communicatio,navigation and surveillance,CNS)下的定位误差和纵向碰撞风险及其影响因素,在Reich模型的基础上,分析通信、导航和监视误差,推导出平行航路纵向重叠概率的计算公式.据此建立了基于CNS性能的平行航路纵向碰撞风险评估模型.算例表明,所给定的平行航路在RCP400、RNP10和RSP20条件下,碰撞风险为3.0×10-10,达到国际民航组织安全目标水平的要求.评估模型是可行的.
