Northern blot analysis was conducted with mitochondrial RNA from seedling leaves, floral buds, and developing seeds of NCa CMS, maintainer line and fertile F1 using ten mitochondrial genes as probes. The results revea...Northern blot analysis was conducted with mitochondrial RNA from seedling leaves, floral buds, and developing seeds of NCa CMS, maintainer line and fertile F1 using ten mitochondrial genes as probes. The results revealed that 9 out of the 10 mitochondrial genes, except for atp6, showed no difference in different tissues of the corresponding materials of NCα CMS system and that they might be constitutively expressed genes. Eight genes, such as orf139, orf222, atpl, cox1, cox2, cob, rm5S, and rm26S, showed no difference among the three tissues of all the materials detected. So the expression of these eight genes was not regulated by nuclear genes and was not tissue-specific. The transcripts of atp9 were identical among different tissues, but diverse among different materials, indicating that transcription of atp9 was neither controlled by nuclear gene nor tissue-specific. Gene atp6 displayed similar transcripts with the same size among different tissues of all the materials but differed in abundance among tissues of corresponding materials and its expression might be tissue-specific under regulation of nuclear gene. Moreover, three transcripts of orf222 were detected in the floral buds of NCa cms and fertile F1, but no transcript was detected in floral buds of the maintainer line.The transcription of orf139 was similar to that of orf222 but only two transcripts of 0.8 kb and 0.6 kb were produced. The atp9 probe detected a single transcript of 0.6 kb in NCa cms and in maintainer line and an additional transcript of 1.2 kb in fertile F1. The relationship of expression of orf222, orf139, and atp9 with NCa sterility was discussed.展开更多
The concentration preprocessing and fan-out(CPPF) system is one of the electronic subsystems of the upgraded Compact Muon Solenoid(CMS) Level-1 trigger system. It includes, in hardware, eight specially designed CPPF c...The concentration preprocessing and fan-out(CPPF) system is one of the electronic subsystems of the upgraded Compact Muon Solenoid(CMS) Level-1 trigger system. It includes, in hardware, eight specially designed CPPF cards, one CMS card called AMC13, one commercial Micro-TCA Carrier HUB(MCH) card, and a MicroTCA shelf. Powerful online software is needed for the system, including providing reliable configuration and monitoring for the hardware, and a graphical interface for executing all actions and publishing monitoring messages.Further, to control and monitor the large amount of homogeneous hardware, the SoftWare Automating conTrol of Common Hardware(SWATCH) concept was proposed and developed. The SWATCH provides a generic structure and is flexible for customization. The structure includes a hardware access library based on the IPbus protocol, which assumes a virtual 32-bit address/32-bit data bus and builds a simple hardware access layer. Furthermore, the structure provides a graphical user interface, which is based on modern web technology and is accessible by web page. The CPPF controlling and monitoring online software was also customized from a common SWATCH cell, and provides afinite state machine(FSM) for configuring the entire CPPF hardware, and five monitoring objects for periodically collecting monitoring data from five main functional modules in the CPPF hardware. This paper introduces the details of the CPPF SWATCH cell development.展开更多
In the paper, the problem of storing and replaying of HTTP requests to websites in order to improve their debugging efficiency during development and further support is considered. To solve this problem, the automatic...In the paper, the problem of storing and replaying of HTTP requests to websites in order to improve their debugging efficiency during development and further support is considered. To solve this problem, the automatic HTTP requests logging and replaying subsystem Dagger that provides storage and playback of the requests sent to a website, which is developed by CMS （content management system） Plone means, is offered. The subsystem consists of the three components： Detector, Logger and Player. Detector detects filters user＇s requests, creates a log and sends it to Logger. Logger is a daemon program that stores logs of user＇s work with a website. The logs are stored in the files in one of the supported formats： JSON, CSV, PICKLE. Player replays the GET and POST HTTP requests that users sent to a server.展开更多
The CMS Collaboration of 2000 scientists involves 150 institutions from 31 nations spread all over the world.CMS software system integration and release management is performed at CERN.Code management is based on CVS,...The CMS Collaboration of 2000 scientists involves 150 institutions from 31 nations spread all over the world.CMS software system integration and release management is performed at CERN.Code management is based on CVS,with read or write access to the repository via a CVS server,Software configuration,release management tools(SCRAM) are being developed at CERN.Software releases are then distributed to regional centers,where the software is used by a local community for a wide variety of tasks,such as software development detector simulation and reconstruction and physics analysis.Depending on specific application,the system environment and local hardware requirements,different approaches and tools are used for the CMS software installation at different places.This presentation describes concepts and reactial solutions for a variety of ways of software distribution,with an emphasis on the CMS experience at Fermilab,Installation and usage of different models used for the production farm,for code development and for physics analysis are described.展开更多
The CMS regional calorimeter trigger system detects signatures of electrons/photons,taus,jets,and missing and total transverse energy in a deadtinmess pipelined architecture .This system receives 7000 calorimeter treg...The CMS regional calorimeter trigger system detects signatures of electrons/photons,taus,jets,and missing and total transverse energy in a deadtinmess pipelined architecture .This system receives 7000 calorimeter tregger tower energies on 1.2 Gband digital copper cable serial links and processes them in a low-latency pipelined design using custom-built electronics.At the heart of the system is the Receiver Card which uses the new generation of gigabit ethernet receiver chips on a mezzanine card to convert serial data to parallel data before transmission on a 160 MHz backplane for further processing by cards that sum energies and identify electrons and jets.We describe the algorithms and hardware implementation,and summarize the simulation results that show that this system is capable of handling the rate requirements while triggering on physics signals with high efficiency.展开更多
The flow field characteristics of the conduit-matrix system(CMS)have consistently been a primary area of interest to researchers.However,under the long-term influence of water flow,the hydraulic conductivity of the ma...The flow field characteristics of the conduit-matrix system(CMS)have consistently been a primary area of interest to researchers.However,under the long-term influence of water flow,the hydraulic conductivity of the matrix surrounding the conduit often deforms differentially along the conduit axis,resulting in the development of a conduit-multilayer matrix system(CMMS).This renders conventional models inadequate in accurately describing the flow field characteristics of CMMS.In this study,a semi-analytical model with second-order accuracy is developed to investigate the velocity profile characteristics of CMMS by coupling the Navier-Stokes(N–S)equations in the conduit and the Darcy-Brinkman(D-B)equation in the multilayer matrices.In this model,the interface between the conduit and the matrix satisfies the velocity continuity and stress jumping condition.In contrast,different matrix interfaces require both velocity and stress to be equal.The model's validity is verified through Lattice Boltzmann Method(LBM)simulation,COMSOL simulation,and experimental data under different conduit apertures,matrix region numbers,and matrix permeability characteristics.Moreover,the current model predicts discharges with higher accuracy than the Hagen-Poiseuille law and Darcy's law(the maximum error between the present model and the test is 7.24%).Furthermore,the existing Poiseuille's law,conduit-matrix model,and conduit-matrix1-matrix2 model are all special cases of the current semi-analytical model,thereby indicating its broader applicability.Sensitivity results reveal that the flow velocities in the surrounding matrix and the conduit regions also increase when the permeability of the matrix in proximity to the conduit increases.Additionally,as the stress jumping coefficient at the interface approaches zero,the transition from free flow to seepage becomes smoother.展开更多
The Brassica polima cytoplasmic male sterility(pol CMS)line causes complete and stable sterility and is most extensively used in breeding.The regulatory pathway,however,is not clear.In this work,we studied molecular i...The Brassica polima cytoplasmic male sterility(pol CMS)line causes complete and stable sterility and is most extensively used in breeding.The regulatory pathway,however,is not clear.In this work,we studied molecular interaction among several key genes involved in pol CMS.Firstly,we found that the multicellular organelle RNA-editing factor protein(Bna.MORF1)interacted with the pol CMS-restorer protein RFP using the yeast two-hybrid system.Secondly,knock down of Bna.MORF1 using CRISPR/Cas9 editing resulted in sterile transgenic lines.The function of the pol CMS sterility gene orf224 was further confirmed by ectopic expression of the gene in both Arabidopsis and Brassica.Furthermore,using CRISPR/Cas9 we determined that an anther-specific proline-rich protein(APG)was also involved in sterility.We propose a working model for pol CMS in Brassica napus that may expedite the utilization of this popular CMS line in Brassica breeding.展开更多
基金This work was supported by the National High Technology R&D Project of China (No.2002AA207009) and Wuhan Dawn Project for Youth (No. 20035002016-36).
文摘Northern blot analysis was conducted with mitochondrial RNA from seedling leaves, floral buds, and developing seeds of NCa CMS, maintainer line and fertile F1 using ten mitochondrial genes as probes. The results revealed that 9 out of the 10 mitochondrial genes, except for atp6, showed no difference in different tissues of the corresponding materials of NCα CMS system and that they might be constitutively expressed genes. Eight genes, such as orf139, orf222, atpl, cox1, cox2, cob, rm5S, and rm26S, showed no difference among the three tissues of all the materials detected. So the expression of these eight genes was not regulated by nuclear genes and was not tissue-specific. The transcripts of atp9 were identical among different tissues, but diverse among different materials, indicating that transcription of atp9 was neither controlled by nuclear gene nor tissue-specific. Gene atp6 displayed similar transcripts with the same size among different tissues of all the materials but differed in abundance among tissues of corresponding materials and its expression might be tissue-specific under regulation of nuclear gene. Moreover, three transcripts of orf222 were detected in the floral buds of NCa cms and fertile F1, but no transcript was detected in floral buds of the maintainer line.The transcription of orf139 was similar to that of orf222 but only two transcripts of 0.8 kb and 0.6 kb were produced. The atp9 probe detected a single transcript of 0.6 kb in NCa cms and in maintainer line and an additional transcript of 1.2 kb in fertile F1. The relationship of expression of orf222, orf139, and atp9 with NCa sterility was discussed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11435013)the National Key Program for S&T Research and Development(No.2016YFA0400104)
文摘The concentration preprocessing and fan-out(CPPF) system is one of the electronic subsystems of the upgraded Compact Muon Solenoid(CMS) Level-1 trigger system. It includes, in hardware, eight specially designed CPPF cards, one CMS card called AMC13, one commercial Micro-TCA Carrier HUB(MCH) card, and a MicroTCA shelf. Powerful online software is needed for the system, including providing reliable configuration and monitoring for the hardware, and a graphical interface for executing all actions and publishing monitoring messages.Further, to control and monitor the large amount of homogeneous hardware, the SoftWare Automating conTrol of Common Hardware(SWATCH) concept was proposed and developed. The SWATCH provides a generic structure and is flexible for customization. The structure includes a hardware access library based on the IPbus protocol, which assumes a virtual 32-bit address/32-bit data bus and builds a simple hardware access layer. Furthermore, the structure provides a graphical user interface, which is based on modern web technology and is accessible by web page. The CPPF controlling and monitoring online software was also customized from a common SWATCH cell, and provides afinite state machine(FSM) for configuring the entire CPPF hardware, and five monitoring objects for periodically collecting monitoring data from five main functional modules in the CPPF hardware. This paper introduces the details of the CPPF SWATCH cell development.
文摘In the paper, the problem of storing and replaying of HTTP requests to websites in order to improve their debugging efficiency during development and further support is considered. To solve this problem, the automatic HTTP requests logging and replaying subsystem Dagger that provides storage and playback of the requests sent to a website, which is developed by CMS （content management system） Plone means, is offered. The subsystem consists of the three components： Detector, Logger and Player. Detector detects filters user＇s requests, creates a log and sends it to Logger. Logger is a daemon program that stores logs of user＇s work with a website. The logs are stored in the files in one of the supported formats： JSON, CSV, PICKLE. Player replays the GET and POST HTTP requests that users sent to a server.
文摘The CMS Collaboration of 2000 scientists involves 150 institutions from 31 nations spread all over the world.CMS software system integration and release management is performed at CERN.Code management is based on CVS,with read or write access to the repository via a CVS server,Software configuration,release management tools(SCRAM) are being developed at CERN.Software releases are then distributed to regional centers,where the software is used by a local community for a wide variety of tasks,such as software development detector simulation and reconstruction and physics analysis.Depending on specific application,the system environment and local hardware requirements,different approaches and tools are used for the CMS software installation at different places.This presentation describes concepts and reactial solutions for a variety of ways of software distribution,with an emphasis on the CMS experience at Fermilab,Installation and usage of different models used for the production farm,for code development and for physics analysis are described.
文摘The CMS regional calorimeter trigger system detects signatures of electrons/photons,taus,jets,and missing and total transverse energy in a deadtinmess pipelined architecture .This system receives 7000 calorimeter tregger tower energies on 1.2 Gband digital copper cable serial links and processes them in a low-latency pipelined design using custom-built electronics.At the heart of the system is the Receiver Card which uses the new generation of gigabit ethernet receiver chips on a mezzanine card to convert serial data to parallel data before transmission on a 160 MHz backplane for further processing by cards that sum energies and identify electrons and jets.We describe the algorithms and hardware implementation,and summarize the simulation results that show that this system is capable of handling the rate requirements while triggering on physics signals with high efficiency.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52079068,52090081)the State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering(Grant No.2021-KY-04).
文摘The flow field characteristics of the conduit-matrix system(CMS)have consistently been a primary area of interest to researchers.However,under the long-term influence of water flow,the hydraulic conductivity of the matrix surrounding the conduit often deforms differentially along the conduit axis,resulting in the development of a conduit-multilayer matrix system(CMMS).This renders conventional models inadequate in accurately describing the flow field characteristics of CMMS.In this study,a semi-analytical model with second-order accuracy is developed to investigate the velocity profile characteristics of CMMS by coupling the Navier-Stokes(N–S)equations in the conduit and the Darcy-Brinkman(D-B)equation in the multilayer matrices.In this model,the interface between the conduit and the matrix satisfies the velocity continuity and stress jumping condition.In contrast,different matrix interfaces require both velocity and stress to be equal.The model's validity is verified through Lattice Boltzmann Method(LBM)simulation,COMSOL simulation,and experimental data under different conduit apertures,matrix region numbers,and matrix permeability characteristics.Moreover,the current model predicts discharges with higher accuracy than the Hagen-Poiseuille law and Darcy's law(the maximum error between the present model and the test is 7.24%).Furthermore,the existing Poiseuille's law,conduit-matrix model,and conduit-matrix1-matrix2 model are all special cases of the current semi-analytical model,thereby indicating its broader applicability.Sensitivity results reveal that the flow velocities in the surrounding matrix and the conduit regions also increase when the permeability of the matrix in proximity to the conduit increases.Additionally,as the stress jumping coefficient at the interface approaches zero,the transition from free flow to seepage becomes smoother.
基金supported by the Wuhan Science and Technology Major Project on Key Techniques of Biological Breeding and Breeding of New Varieties(2022021302024851)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFD1600500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32201883)。
文摘The Brassica polima cytoplasmic male sterility(pol CMS)line causes complete and stable sterility and is most extensively used in breeding.The regulatory pathway,however,is not clear.In this work,we studied molecular interaction among several key genes involved in pol CMS.Firstly,we found that the multicellular organelle RNA-editing factor protein(Bna.MORF1)interacted with the pol CMS-restorer protein RFP using the yeast two-hybrid system.Secondly,knock down of Bna.MORF1 using CRISPR/Cas9 editing resulted in sterile transgenic lines.The function of the pol CMS sterility gene orf224 was further confirmed by ectopic expression of the gene in both Arabidopsis and Brassica.Furthermore,using CRISPR/Cas9 we determined that an anther-specific proline-rich protein(APG)was also involved in sterility.We propose a working model for pol CMS in Brassica napus that may expedite the utilization of this popular CMS line in Brassica breeding.
