Pangu-Weather(PGW),trained with deep learning–based methods(DL-based model),shows significant potential for global medium-range weather forecasting.However,the interpretability and trustworthiness of global medium-ra...Pangu-Weather(PGW),trained with deep learning–based methods(DL-based model),shows significant potential for global medium-range weather forecasting.However,the interpretability and trustworthiness of global medium-range DLbased models raise many concerns.This study uses the singular vector(SV)initial condition(IC)perturbations of the China Meteorological Administration's Global Ensemble Prediction System(CMA-GEPS)as inputs of PGW for global ensemble prediction(PGW-GEPS)to investigate the ensemble forecast sensitivity of DL-based models to the IC errors.Meanwhile,the CMA-GEPS forecasts serve as benchmarks for comparison and verification.The spatial structures and prediction performance of PGW-GEPS are discussed and compared to CMA-GEPS based on seasonal ensemble experiments.The results show that the ensemble mean and dispersion of PGW-GEPS are similar to those of CMA-GEPS in the medium range but with smoother forecasts.Meanwhile,PGW-GEPS is sensitive to the SV IC perturbations.Specifically,PGWGEPS can generate realistic ensemble spread beyond the sub-synoptic scale(wavenumbers≤64)with SV IC perturbations.However,PGW's kinetic energy is significantly reduced at the sub-synoptic scale,leading to error growth behavior inconsistent with CMA-GEPS at that scale.Thus,this behavior indicates that the effective resolution of PGW-GEPS is beyond the sub-synoptic scale and is limited to predicting mesoscale atmospheric motions.In terms of the global mediumrange ensemble prediction performance,the probability prediction skill of PGW-GEPS is comparable to CMA-GEPS in the extratropic when they use the same IC perturbations.That means that PGW has a general ability to provide skillful global medium-range forecasts with different ICs from numerical weather prediction.展开更多
The magnetic susceptibilities of REPS4(RE=LaYb) compounds series were measured in the temperature range of 2300 K. The variations of the susceptibility and the inverse susceptibility along with the temperature were st...The magnetic susceptibilities of REPS4(RE=LaYb) compounds series were measured in the temperature range of 2300 K. The variations of the susceptibility and the inverse susceptibility along with the temperature were studied for each case. The CurieWeiss constants(C and and the effect moment eff for each paramagnetic RE3+ were obtained by simulating the susceptibility data measured in the temperature range of 50300 K.展开更多
猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2)感染可诱导宿主免疫抑制,显著增加继发感染易感性,但其潜在免疫逃逸机制尚不清楚。2025年6月16日,中国农业大学动物医学院李鑫教授带领的科研团队在PLo SPathogens杂志发表了题为“Circovirus Rep evades immune res...猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2)感染可诱导宿主免疫抑制,显著增加继发感染易感性,但其潜在免疫逃逸机制尚不清楚。2025年6月16日,中国农业大学动物医学院李鑫教授带领的科研团队在PLo SPathogens杂志发表了题为“Circovirus Rep evades immune restriction by disrupting c GAS oligomerization and phase separation”的研究论文。该研究发现,PCV2d感染不诱导Ⅰ型干扰素(IFN-Ⅰ),且剂量依赖性地显著抑制poly(dA:dT)刺激诱导的IFN-Ⅰ产生。机制上,PCV2/3/4的复制相关蛋白(Rep)通过竞争性结合dsDNA,破坏cGAS寡聚化与相分离,从而抑制cGAS介导的IFN-Ⅰ诱导。值得注意的是,Rep还能抑制线粒体DNA触发的cGAS活化。关键区域定位表明,Rep的Q12和R199-W202残基是介导dsDNA结合的核心位点。该研究首次揭示了圆环病毒Rep拮抗cGAS活化的新机制,为PCV免疫抑制提供了新见解。展开更多
双生病毒严重危害农作物产量。双生病毒编码的复制起始蛋白(replication initiator protein,Rep)是病毒复制的必需蛋白。甜菜严重曲顶病毒(beet severe curly top virus,BSCTV)属于双生病毒科曲顶病毒属,其Rep蛋白可以诱导拟南芥E3泛素...双生病毒严重危害农作物产量。双生病毒编码的复制起始蛋白(replication initiator protein,Rep)是病毒复制的必需蛋白。甜菜严重曲顶病毒(beet severe curly top virus,BSCTV)属于双生病毒科曲顶病毒属,其Rep蛋白可以诱导拟南芥E3泛素化连接酶VIM5在叶片中表达,VIM5介导甲基转移酶通过泛素化途径降解,进而降低了BSCTV基因组C2-3启动子区域的甲基化水平,然而Rep蛋白中负责诱导VIM5的具体结构域并不清楚。一些双生病毒的Rep蛋白具有抑制基因沉默的功能,然而BSCTV编码的Rep蛋白是否具有沉默抑制活性尚不明确。本研究利用烟草瞬时表达系统,研究Rep蛋白的不同结构域在抑制基因沉默和诱导VIM5表达方面的功能。发现Rep蛋白N端结构域(第1-180个氨基酸)可以抑制外源GFP在16c-GFP转基因烟草注射叶片上的降解;进一步研究发现,Rep蛋白N端的第1-104个氨基酸可以显著诱导VIM5的表达,而Rep蛋白C端的结构则不能诱导VIM5的表达。本研究表明BSCTV编码的Rep蛋白的N端结构域能够抑制基因沉默同时诱导VIM5表达,有助于更加深入地理解双生病毒复制起始蛋白Rep和宿主植物的互作机制。展开更多
基金supported by the joint funds of the Chinese National Natural Science Foundation(NSFC)(Grant No.U2242213)the funds of the NSFC(Grant No.42341209)+2 种基金the National Key Research and Development(R&D)Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(Grant No.2021YFC3000902)the National Science Foundation for Young Scholars(Grant No.42205166)the Joint Research Project for Meteorological Capacity Improvement(Grant No.22NLTSQ008)。
文摘Pangu-Weather(PGW),trained with deep learning–based methods(DL-based model),shows significant potential for global medium-range weather forecasting.However,the interpretability and trustworthiness of global medium-range DLbased models raise many concerns.This study uses the singular vector(SV)initial condition(IC)perturbations of the China Meteorological Administration's Global Ensemble Prediction System(CMA-GEPS)as inputs of PGW for global ensemble prediction(PGW-GEPS)to investigate the ensemble forecast sensitivity of DL-based models to the IC errors.Meanwhile,the CMA-GEPS forecasts serve as benchmarks for comparison and verification.The spatial structures and prediction performance of PGW-GEPS are discussed and compared to CMA-GEPS based on seasonal ensemble experiments.The results show that the ensemble mean and dispersion of PGW-GEPS are similar to those of CMA-GEPS in the medium range but with smoother forecasts.Meanwhile,PGW-GEPS is sensitive to the SV IC perturbations.Specifically,PGWGEPS can generate realistic ensemble spread beyond the sub-synoptic scale(wavenumbers≤64)with SV IC perturbations.However,PGW's kinetic energy is significantly reduced at the sub-synoptic scale,leading to error growth behavior inconsistent with CMA-GEPS at that scale.Thus,this behavior indicates that the effective resolution of PGW-GEPS is beyond the sub-synoptic scale and is limited to predicting mesoscale atmospheric motions.In terms of the global mediumrange ensemble prediction performance,the probability prediction skill of PGW-GEPS is comparable to CMA-GEPS in the extratropic when they use the same IC perturbations.That means that PGW has a general ability to provide skillful global medium-range forecasts with different ICs from numerical weather prediction.
文摘The magnetic susceptibilities of REPS4(RE=LaYb) compounds series were measured in the temperature range of 2300 K. The variations of the susceptibility and the inverse susceptibility along with the temperature were studied for each case. The CurieWeiss constants(C and and the effect moment eff for each paramagnetic RE3+ were obtained by simulating the susceptibility data measured in the temperature range of 50300 K.
文摘猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2)感染可诱导宿主免疫抑制,显著增加继发感染易感性,但其潜在免疫逃逸机制尚不清楚。2025年6月16日,中国农业大学动物医学院李鑫教授带领的科研团队在PLo SPathogens杂志发表了题为“Circovirus Rep evades immune restriction by disrupting c GAS oligomerization and phase separation”的研究论文。该研究发现,PCV2d感染不诱导Ⅰ型干扰素(IFN-Ⅰ),且剂量依赖性地显著抑制poly(dA:dT)刺激诱导的IFN-Ⅰ产生。机制上,PCV2/3/4的复制相关蛋白(Rep)通过竞争性结合dsDNA,破坏cGAS寡聚化与相分离,从而抑制cGAS介导的IFN-Ⅰ诱导。值得注意的是,Rep还能抑制线粒体DNA触发的cGAS活化。关键区域定位表明,Rep的Q12和R199-W202残基是介导dsDNA结合的核心位点。该研究首次揭示了圆环病毒Rep拮抗cGAS活化的新机制,为PCV免疫抑制提供了新见解。
文摘双生病毒严重危害农作物产量。双生病毒编码的复制起始蛋白(replication initiator protein,Rep)是病毒复制的必需蛋白。甜菜严重曲顶病毒(beet severe curly top virus,BSCTV)属于双生病毒科曲顶病毒属,其Rep蛋白可以诱导拟南芥E3泛素化连接酶VIM5在叶片中表达,VIM5介导甲基转移酶通过泛素化途径降解,进而降低了BSCTV基因组C2-3启动子区域的甲基化水平,然而Rep蛋白中负责诱导VIM5的具体结构域并不清楚。一些双生病毒的Rep蛋白具有抑制基因沉默的功能,然而BSCTV编码的Rep蛋白是否具有沉默抑制活性尚不明确。本研究利用烟草瞬时表达系统,研究Rep蛋白的不同结构域在抑制基因沉默和诱导VIM5表达方面的功能。发现Rep蛋白N端结构域(第1-180个氨基酸)可以抑制外源GFP在16c-GFP转基因烟草注射叶片上的降解;进一步研究发现,Rep蛋白N端的第1-104个氨基酸可以显著诱导VIM5的表达,而Rep蛋白C端的结构则不能诱导VIM5的表达。本研究表明BSCTV编码的Rep蛋白的N端结构域能够抑制基因沉默同时诱导VIM5表达,有助于更加深入地理解双生病毒复制起始蛋白Rep和宿主植物的互作机制。
